SIST EN ISO 3452-2:2021
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2:2021)
Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2:2021)
This document specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. This document covers the temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C. Additional tests in ISO 3452-5 or ISO 3452-6 can be required outside this range.
On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452‑1.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: Prüfung von Eindringmitteln (ISO 3452-2:2021)
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Anforderungen und die Prüfverfahren für die Musterprüfung und die Chargenprüfung von Eindringmitteln fest. Dieses Dokument gilt für Prüfungen, die in einem Temperaturbereich von 10 °C bis 50 °C durchgeführt werden. Außerhalb dieses Temperaturbereichs können zusätzliche Prüfungen nach ISO 3452 5 oder ISO 3452 6 erforderlich sein.
Einzelheiten zu den vor Ort anzuwendenden Kontrollprüfungen und Verfahren werden in ISO 3452 1 behandelt.
SICHERHEITSVORKEHRUNGEN — Zu den in der Anwendung nach diesem Dokument erforderlichen Materialien gehören Chemikalien, die gefährlich, entflammbar und/oder flüchtig sein können. Unter Berücksichtigung aller entsprechenden internationalen, nationalen und örtlichen gesetzlichen Bestimmungen hinsichtlich des Gesundheitsschutzes, der Sicherheit, des Umweltschutzes usw. müssen alle notwendigen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen eingehalten werden.
Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 2: Essai des produits de ressuage (ISO 3452-2:2021)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques et les modes opératoires d’essai applicables aux produits de ressuage dans le cadre des essais de type et de lot. Le présent document couvre la gamme de température de 10 °C à 50 °C. Des essais supplémentaires en dehors de cette gamme peuvent être requis dans l’ISO 3452‑5 ou l’ISO 3452‑6.
L’ISO 3452‑1 détaille les essais et méthodes de contrôle sur site.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Pregled s penetranti - 2. del: Preiskava penetrantskih snovi (ISO 3452-2:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 3452-2:2014
Neporušitvene preiskave - Pregled s penetranti - 2. del: Preiskava penetrantskih
snovi (ISO 3452-2:2021)
Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO
3452-2:2021)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2: Prüfung von Eindringmitteln (ISO
3452-2:2021)
Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 2: Essai des produits de ressuage
(ISO 3452-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3452-2:2021
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 3452-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN ISO 3452-2:2013
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2:2021)
Essais non destructifs - Examen par ressuage - Partie 2: Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Eindringprüfung - Teil 2:
Essai des produits de ressuage (ISO 3452-2:2021) Prüfung von Eindringmitteln (ISO 3452-2:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 May 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3452-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 3452-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-
destructive testing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3452-2:2013.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3452-2:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3452-2:2021 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3452-2
Fourth edition
2021-05
Non-destructive testing — Penetrant
testing —
Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
Essais non destructifs — Examen par ressuage —
Partie 2: Essai des produits de ressuage
Reference number
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification . 2
4.1 Testing products . 2
4.2 Sensitivity levels . 2
4.2.1 General. 2
4.2.2 Penetrant baseline sensitivity . 2
4.2.3 Product family sensitivity . 2
4.2.4 Fluorescent systems . 2
4.2.5 Colour contrast systems . 3
4.2.6 Dual-purpose product family . 3
5 Testing of penetrant materials. 3
5.1 Personnel . 3
5.2 Testing facilities . 3
5.2.1 Type testing . 3
5.2.2 Batch testing . 3
5.2.3 Process and control testing . 3
5.3 Reporting . 3
5.3.1 Type testing . 3
5.3.2 Batch testing . 4
5.4 Tests . 4
5.4.1 Sensitivity test . 4
5.4.2 Penetrants . . 4
5.4.3 Excess penetrant removers (excluding method A) . 4
5.4.4 Developers . . 5
5.4.5 Batch tests for spray cans . 5
6 Test methods and requirements . 5
6.1 Appearance . 5
6.2 Penetrant system sensitivity . 6
6.2.1 Fluorescent penetrants (type I) . 6
6.2.2 Colour contrast penetrants (type II) . 9
6.3 Density .10
6.3.1 Test method .10
6.3.2 Requirements .10
6.4 Viscosity .10
6.4.1 Test method .10
6.4.2 Requirements .10
6.5 Flashpoint .10
6.5.1 Test method .10
6.5.2 Requirements .11
6.6 Washability (method A penetrants) .11
6.7 Fluorescent brightness .11
6.7.1 Test method .11
6.7.2 Requirements .11
6.8 UV stability .11
6.8.1 Test method .11
6.8.2 Requirements .11
6.9 Thermal stability of fluorescent brightness.12
6.9.1 Test method .12
6.9.2 Requirements .12
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
6.10 Water tolerance .12
6.10.1 Test method .12
6.10.2 Requirements .13
6.11 Corrosive properties .13
6.11.1 General.13
6.11.2 Type testing .13
6.11.3 Batch testing .16
6.12 Content of sulfur and halogens (for products designated low in sulfur and halogens) .16
6.12.1 Test method .16
6.12.2 Requirements .16
6.13 Residue on evaporation/solid content .17
6.13.1 Solvent removers .17
6.13.2 Form d and e developers .17
6.14 Penetrant tolerance.17
6.14.1 Lipophilic emulsifier (method B) .17
6.14.2 Hydrophilic emulsifier (method D) .17
6.15 Developer performance.17
6.16 Re-dispersability .17
6.16.1 Water-suspendable developers .17
6.16.2 Solvent based developers (non-aqueous) .17
6.17 Density of carrier liquid .18
6.17.1 Test method .18
6.17.2 Requirements .18
6.18 Product performance (pressurized containers) .18
6.19 Particle size distribution .18
6.20 Water content .18
6.20.1 Test method .18
6.20.2 Requirements .18
7 Packaging and labelling .18
Annex A (normative) Comparison of fluorescent brightness .19
Annex B (normative) Equipment for determination of the visibility of fluorescent indications .21
Annex C (informative) List of reference materials .22
Bibliography .24
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 2, Surface methods, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3452-2:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— normative references updated;
— Tables 1, 4, 8, 9 corrected;
— 4.2 modified;
— 5.1 modified;
— 6.6 revised;
— former Annex B deleted;
— editorial changes made.
A list of all parts in the ISO 3452 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing —
Part 2:
Testing of penetrant materials
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — The materials required by this document include chemicals which
may be harmful, flammable and/or volatile. All necessary precautions shall be observed, taking
into account all relevant international, national and local regulations pertaining to health and
safety, environmental requirements, etc.
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for
their type testing and batch testing. This document covers the temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C.
Additional tests in ISO 3452-5 or ISO 3452-6 can be required outside this range.
On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions
ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
ISO 3452-3, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 3: Reference test blocks
ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12706 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
batch
quantity of material manufactured in one production having uniform properties throughout and with a
unique identifying number or mark
3.2
candidate
sample of the testing product submitted for evaluation in accordance with this document
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
4 Classification
4.1 Testing products
Penetrant testing products shall be classified by type, method and form in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Testing products/procedures
Penetrant Excess penetrant remover Developer
Type Denomination Method Denomination Form Denomination
I Fluorescent A Water a Dry
II Colour contrast B Lipophilic emulsifier b Water-soluble
III Dual purpose (fluo- C Solvent c Water-suspendable
rescent and colour
D Hydrophilic emulsifier d Solvent-based (non-aque-
contrast)
ous for type I)
a
E Water and solvent e Solvent-based (non-aque-
ous for Types II and III)
f Special application
g No developer (type I only)
NOTE For specific cases, it is necessary to use penetrant testing products complying with particular requirements with
regards to flammability, sulfur, halogen and sodium content and other contaminants.
a
Method E relates to the use of two products, both water and solvent. Penetrant materials qualified for method A are
also considered qualified for method E.
4.2 Sensitivity levels
4.2.1 General
Penetrant baseline sensitivity and product family sensitivity are determined independently; and one or
both of them shall be carried out.
4.2.2 Penetrant baseline sensitivity
For penetrant baseline sensitivity, the penetrant is submitted with its designated remover and is tested
using a standard reference developer. The allocated penetrant sensitivity level is only valid when the
penetrant is used with the designated remover.
4.2.3 Product family sensitivity
The product family sensitivity is determined by submitting a complete set of products for assessment.
The allocated product family sensitivity level is only valid when this complete set of products is used.
4.2.4 Fluorescent systems
Sensitivity levels shall be defined by reference products:
— sensitivity level 1/2 (very low);
— sensitivity level 1 (low);
— sensitivity level 2 (medium);
— sensitivity level 3 (high);
— sensitivity level 4 (ultra-high).
Sensitivity level 1/2 applies to type I method A only.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
4.2.5 Colour contrast systems
Sensitivity levels shall be defined using the type 1 reference block in accordance with ISO 3452-3:
— sensitivity level 1 (normal);
— sensitivity level 2 (high).
4.2.6 Dual-purpose product family
There are no sensitivity levels for dual-purpose penetrants when used as a fluorescent system. However,
these products may be classified as colour contrast products (see 4.2.3).
5 Testing of penetrant materials
5.1 Personnel
Testing shall be carried out by proficient, suitably trained and qualified personnel. For non-destructive
testing (NDT) operations (e.g. sensitivity and washability), unless otherwise agreed to demonstrate
appropriate proficiency, it is recommended that personnel be trained according to ISO 9712 or an
equivalent formalized system. Operating authorization for personnel shall be issued by the employer in
accordance with a written procedure.
5.2 Testing facilities
5.2.1 Type testing
Type testing shall be carried out on penetrant materials according to ISO 3452-1 with exceptions as
defined in this document to ensure their conformance to the requirements.
Type testing shall be carried out only by an independent test laboratory that meet the applicable
requirements with respect of a formalised quality system and the relevant technical competencies.
Test laboratories shall meet the applicable requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. Where test activities are
carried out by laboratories which are not accredited according to ISO/IEC 17025 it shall be ensured that
the test activities are managed in a manner which meets the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, provides
confidence in the results, and that records are available to justify the confidence.
5.2.2 Batch testing
Batch testing to the requirements of this document shall be carried out on each production batch
according to ISO 3452-1 to ensure the batch has the same properties as the corresponding type approval
sample. In the case of penetrant material packed in spray cans, the content of sulfur and halogens shall
be additionally determined according to 6.12.
Batch testing shall be carried out under a defined and maintained quality system. A system meeting the
requirements of ISO 9001 is considered suitable.
5.2.3 Process and control testing
Process and control tests to monitor the implementation of the method are described in ISO 3452-1.
5.3 Reporting
5.3.1 Type testing
The testing laboratory (see 5.2.1) shall provide a certificate of compliance with this document and a
report that details the results obtained.
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
If any changes are made to the penetrant material composition, then a new type test and product
identity shall be required.
5.3.2 Batch testing
Manufacturers of penetrant materials shall provide certificates of compliance with this document (for
example, see EN 10204 or ISO 10474).
5.4 Tests
5.4.1 Sensitivity test
A sensitivity test shall be carried out for each individual penetrant material and/or product family.
Type testing shall be carried out according to 6.2.
For batch testing, the test shall be carried out by comparison with the previously approved retained
sample.
In addition, for each penetrant material, the specified tests in 5.4.2 to 5.4.5 are required.
5.4.2 Penetrants
Type and batch testing of penetrant properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2 — Properties of penetrants and required tests
Property Test type Reference
Appearance Type and batch 6.1
Sensitivity Type and batch 6.2
Density Type and batch 6.3
Viscosity Type and batch 6.4
Flashpoint Type and batch 6.5
Washability (method A penetrants only) Batch 6.6
Fluorescent brightness (type I penetrants) Type and batch 6.7
UV stability (type I penetrants) Type 6.8
Thermal stability (type I penetrants) Type 6.9
Water tolerance (method A penetrants only) Type 6.10
Corrosive properties Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens Type and batch 6.12
Water content (methods A and E) Batch 6.20
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
5.4.3 Excess penetrant removers (excluding method A)
Type and batch testing of penetrant remover properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3 — Properties of excess penetrant removers and required tests
Property Test type Reference
Appearance Batch 6.1
Sensitivity type and batch 6.2
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
Table 3 (continued)
Property Test type Reference
Density Type and batch 6.3
Viscosity (for methods B and D only) Type and batch 6.4
Flashpoint Type and batch 6.5
Water tolerance (method B only) Type and batch 6.10
Corrosive properties Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens Type and batch 6.12
Residue on evaporation/solid content (method C
Type and batch 6.13
only)
Penetrant tolerance (methods B and D only) Type 6.14
Water content (method B only) Batch 6.20
Other contaminants on request (as required) Batch
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulfur and halogens”.
5.4.4 Developers
Type and batch testing of developer properties shall be carried out in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4 — Properties of developers and required tests
Form
Property Test type Reference
a b c d e f
Appearance x x x x x x Batch 6.1
Sensitivity x x x x x x Type and batch 6.2
b
Flashpoint x x x Type and batch 6.5
Corrosive properties x x x x x Type and batch 6.11
a
Content of sulfur and halogens x x x x x x Type and batch 6.12
b
Solid content x x x Type and batch 6.13
Developer performance x x x x x x Type and batch 6.15
b
Re-dispersability x x x x Type and batch 6.16
b
Density (of carrier liquid) x x x Type and batch 6.17
b
Particle size distribution x x x x x Type 6.19
Other contaminants on request (as required) x x x x x x Batch
a
Only required for products designated “low in sulphur and halogens”.
b
If applicable.
5.4.5 Batch tests for spray cans
Batch testing shall be carried out in accordance with the product performance test given in 6.18.
The first and last containers and a container from the middle of the batch shall be tested. Where testing
for content of sulfur and halogens in accordance with 6.12, only the first container needs to be tested.
6 Test methods and requirements
6.1 Appearance
The appearance of the sample shall be the same as that of the type test sample.
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
6.2 Penetrant system sensitivity
6.2.1 Fluorescent penetrants (type I)
6.2.1.1 Qualification provisions
6.2.1.1.1 Penetrants (type I)
Method A (water-washable) penetrants and methods B and D (post-emulsifiable) penetrants/emulsifiers
shall be qualified with the appropriate reference dry developer D-1. Method C penetrants shall be
qualified either on the basis of their performance as method A, B, or D materials, or, alternatively, with
the appropriate reference remover R-1 and reference dry developer D-1 (see Table 5).
Table 5 — Reference material designation
Designation
Reference material
Method A Methods B, C and D
Penetrant, type I, level 1/2 FP-1/2
Penetrant, type I, level 1 FP-1W FP-1PE
Penetrant, type I, level 2 FP-2W FP-2PE
Penetrant, type I, level 3 FP-3W FP-3PE
Penetrant, type I, level 4 FP-4W FP-4PE
Penetrant, type II, level 1 VP-1W VP-1PE
Penetrant, type II, level 2 VP-2W VP-2PE
Emulsifier, type I, method B FE-B
Emulsifier, type I, method D FE-D
Emulsifier, type II, method B VE-B
Removers, method C R-2 R-2
Developer, form a D-1 D-1
Developer, form e D-2 D-2
Key
FP fluorescent penetrant FE emulsifier for fluorescent penetrant
W water-washable VP visible penetrant
PE post emulsifiable VE emulsifier for visible penetrant
The list of reference products is given in Annex C.
6.2.1.1.2 Developers
For all developing methods, except when using form f (specific application), intended for use with type I
(fluorescent) penetrant materials, qualification shall be with the reference level 4, method B penetrant/
emulsifier system FP-4PE/FE-B (see Table 6).
A reference sample of each product shall be retained for comparison purposes and designated in
accordance with Tables 5 and 6. The manufacturer, manufacturer’s reference and the batch number
shall be recorded.
Form g penetrant testing systems may have a limited qualification which excludes sensitivity.
6 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
6.2.1.1.3 Solvent removers
Solvent removers shall be qualified with reference penetrant FP-4PE and reference developer D-1.
6.2.1.2 Sensitivity
6.2.1.2.1 General
Sensitivity of type I penetrant systems shall be determined by comparing results of candidate materials
and standard reference products using a set of test panels.
6.2.1.2.2 Test panels
The 20 µm test panels from the reference block type 1 according ISO 3452-3 shall be used.
Test panels according to ISO 3452-3 have chromium-nickel plating with thicknesses of 10 µm, 20 µm,
30 µm and 50 µm. For each thickness there is a pair of panels with similar cracks. The test panels should
be used either for fluorescent or for colour contrast penetrants. The same panels should not be used for
the two systems.
Table 6 — Sensitivity and removability matrix
Candidate material Materials for processing candidates Reference materials
Penetrant systems
Type I, method A, D-1 FP-1/2 D-1
level 1/2
Type I, method A, level 1 D-1 FP-1W D-1
Type I, method B, level 1 D-1 FP-1PE FE-B D-1
Type I, method C, level 1 D-1 FP-1PE R-1 D-1
Type I, method D, level 1 D-1 FP-1PE FE-D D-1
Type I, method A, level 2 D-1 FP-2W D-1
Type I, method B, level 2 D-1 FP-2PE FE-B D-1
Type I, method C, level 2 D-1 FP-2PE R-1 D-1
Type I, method D, level 2 D-1 FP-2PE FE-D D-1
Type I, method A, level 3 D-1 FP-3W D-1
Type I, method B, level 3 D-1 FP-3PE FE-B D-1
Type I, method C, level 3 D-1 FP-3PE R-1 D-1
Type I, method D, level 3 D-1 FP-3PE FE-D D-1
Type I, method A, level 4 D-1 FP-4W D-1
Type I, method B, level 4 D-1 FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Type I, method C, level 4 D-1 FP-4PE R-1 D-1
Type I, method D, level 4 D-1 FP-4PE FE-D D-1
Type II, method A, level 1 D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, method B, level 1 D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, method C, level 1 D-2 VP-1PE R-2 D-2
Type II, method D, level 1 D-2 VP-1PE VE-B D-2
Type II, method A, level 2 D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
Type II, method B, level 2 D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
Type II, method C, level 2 D-2 VP-2PE R-2 D-2
Type II, method D, level 2 D-2 VP-2PE VE-B D-2
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
Table 6 (continued)
Candidate material Materials for processing candidates Reference materials
Removers
Methode C FP-4PE D-1 FP-4PE R-2 D-1
Developers
Form a FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
From b FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form c FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form d FP-4PE FE-B FP-4PE FE-B D-1
Form e VP-2PE VE-B VP-2PE VE-B D-2
The list of reference products is given in Annex C.
6.2.1.2.3 Test procedures
The same defined procedure shall be used for testing the candidate and the reference penetrant. The
reference penetrant shall be of the same sensitivity level as the candidate. Table 7 gives an example of
parameters. Each procedure shall be repeated at least three times and the results averaged.
Table 7 — Typical type I sensitivity test parameters
Penetrant All methods
Dip and then drain for 5 min at 5° to 10° from vertical.
dwell
Pre-wash Method D Spray with water for 1 min at (160 ± 16) kPa at (20 ± 5) °C.
Emulsification Method B Dip and then drain for 2 min.
Method D Immerse for 5 min, no agitation:
— for reference system, 20 % concentration;
— for candidate system, manufacturer’s recommended concentration.
Wash Method A Spray with water for 1 min.
Method B Spray with water under UV-A radiation until fluorescent background is
gone. If not achieved within 2 min, the test has failed.
Method D Plunge into water to stop emulsification, followed by spray with water
for 2 min.
For the three methods: pressure at (160 ± 16) kPa in the water pipe nearest
to the spray nozzle, temperature at (20 ± 5) °C.
Solvent wipe Method C Wipe with a clean rag dampened with solvent; then wipe with clean, dry
rag to remove excess solvent.
Dry Methods A, B, D Dry for 5 min in a drying oven. The temperature in the drying oven should
not be higher than 50 °C.
Dry after developer application when testing forms b and c.
Method C Dry for 5 min at room temperature.
Developer All methods Dip for 5 s maximum in form a (dry) developer and allow a minimum dwell
of 5 min.
6.2.1.2.4 Equipment
The equipment shall be as defined in Annex B.
6.2.1.2.5 Interpretation of results
A visual comparison of the full surface of the panels shall be made under viewing conditions in
accordance with ISO 3059. The results shall demonstrate similar or better performance than the
8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 3452-2:2021(E)
reference product. Quantitative measurement shall be made by comparison of a minimum of 5
indications. Quantitative assessments, where used, shall show the candidate material giving a result of
at least 90 % of the reference product.
6.2.2 Colour contrast penetrants (type II)
6.2.2.1 Qualification provisions
Methods A, B, C and D penetrants and associated removers (if any) shall be qualified with the reference
non-aqueous wet developer D-2. Method C (solvent removable) penetrants may also be qualified with
the reference solvent remover R-2 and the reference non-aqueous developer D-2 (see Table 6).
For all developing methods, except form f, intended for use with type II (visible dye) penetrant, materials
shall be qualified with a type II reference penetrant and a method B emulsifier VP-PE/VE-B.
6.2.2.2 Test panels
The 30 µm and 50 µm test panels from the reference block type 1 according to ISO 3452-3 shall be used.
6.2.2.3 Method of testing
The panels shall be initially calibrated using a type I (fluorescent), level 3 penetrant system. The number
of clearly visible indications extending across at least 80 % of the panel width shall be recorded. The
panels shall then be thoroughly cleaned to remove all traces of the fluorescent materials and reserved
for use with type II penetrants.
Using the candidate material, the panels shall be processed in accordance with Table 8.
Each procedure shall be repeated at least three times and the results averaged.
Table 8 — Typical type II sensitivity test parameters
Penetrant dwell All methods Dip and then drain for 5 min at 5° to 10° from vertical.
Pre-wash Method D Pre-wash with water for 30 s.
Emulsification Method B Emulsify for 30 s.
Method D Emulsify for 1,5 min.
Wash Method A Spray with water for 1 min.
Method B Spray with water und
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