SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
This International Standard defines terms and definitions concerned in all standardisation work within
the scope of ISO/TC 300, i.e. terms used in the field of production and trade of solid recovered fuels
that are prepared from non-hazardous waste.
NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of ISO/TC 238.
Definitions in other standards with a scope different from the scope of this International Standard can
be different from the definitions in this International Standard.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO 21637:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe fest, um es dem Anwender zu ermöglichen, den Tätigkeitsbereich des ISO/TC 300 zu verstehen. Sind eine Benennung und Definition in einer Einzelnorm erforderlich, werden diese in jener Norm in Bezug genommen.
Terminologische Grenzen sind in Bild 1 beschrieben.
[Bild 1]
ANMERKUNG Biogene Festbrennstoffe fallen in den Aufgabenbereich vom ISO/TC 238.
Combustibles solides de récupération - Vocabulaire (ISO 21637:2020)
Le présent document définit les termes relatifs aux combustibles solides de récupération afin de permettre à l'utilisateur de comprendre le domaine d'application du travail de l'ISO/TC 300. Si un terme et une définition sont requis dans une norme unique, le terme et la définition seront référencés dans cette norme.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Slovar (ISO 21637:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
01-marec-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15357:2011
Trdna alternativna goriva - Slovar (ISO 21637:2020)
Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO
21637:2020)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Vocabulaire (ISO 21637:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21637:2020
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST EN ISO 21637:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
EN ISO 21637
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15357:2011
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Vocabulaire Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie,
(ISO 21637:2020) Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO 21637:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21637:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
EN ISO 21637:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
EN ISO 21637:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21637:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300 "Solid
Recovered Fuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid Recovered Fuels” the
secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15357:2011.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21637:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21637:2020 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21637
First edition
2020-12
Solid recovered fuels — Vocabulary
Combustibles solides de récupération — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 21637:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Terms grouped by typical uses.12
Bibliography .13
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 343, Solid
Recovered Fuels, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
Introduction
The terminology, definitions and descriptions included in this document are those needed to understand
the scope of ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, and those that appear in two or more standards of
ISO/TC 300.
Where a term is used in only one standard, the term will be defined in the individual standard.
Due to the development cycle of other standards of ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, there may be
instances of the terms not following the above rule. Where possible, this document tries to follow the rules
stated, however, users should check terms and the understanding of terms in other standards as well.
Following the ISO rules, this document does not include common and generic terms.
Annex A provides a list of terms grouped by sub-sections to enable the user to find terms more quickly.
Where there are several synonyms that can be used, the preferred one is written first.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21637:2020(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms for solid recovered fuels to enable the user to understand the scope of
the work of ISO/TC 300. Where a term and definition are required in a single standard, the term and
definition will be referenced in that standard.
Vocabulary boundaries are described in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Vocabulary boundaries for solid recovered fuels
NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of ISO/TC 238.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analysis sample
sample (3.63) taken specifically for the purpose of determining specified parameters
3.2
as received
ar
calculation basis for material at delivery to the end user
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
3.3
ash
ash content on dry basis
total ash
A
mass of inorganic residue remaining after ignition of a fuel under specified conditions, also includes
removed ash contributors (3.62)
Note 1 to entry: This is expressed as mass fraction in per cent of the dry matter (3.22) in the fuel.
Note 2 to entry: Depending on the combustion efficiency, the ash may contain combustibles.
Note 3 to entry: If a complete combustion is realized, ash contains only inorganic, non-combustible components.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.13, modified — “ignition” has replaced “combustion”, details of the unit
have been moved to a new Note 1 to entry, “also includes removed ash contributors” has been added,
and the old Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.4
ash fusibility
ash melting behaviour
characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions
Note 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.
Note 2 to entry: See also ash sphere temperature (3.5).
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.16, modified — In Note 2 to entry, “ash shrinkage temperature” has been
changed to “ash sphere temperature”.]
3.5
ash sphere temperature
temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncated-cone ash test piece is equal to the width
of the base, or the edges of cubical or cylindrical ash test pieces are completely round with the height
remaining unchanged
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 540:2008, 3.2.
3.6
bale
material which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density
3.7
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.32, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been removed.]
3.8
bridging
arching
tendency of particles to form a stable bridge across an opening and which restricts flow
3.9
bulk density
ρ
mass of a portion (i.e. a large quantity of particulate material) of a solid fuel divided by the volume of
the container which is filled by that portion under specific conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.40]
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
3.10
calorific value
heating value
quantity of heat produced by the complete combustion, at a constant pressure equal to 1 013,25 mbar,
of a unit volume or mass of gas, the constituents of the combustible mixture being taken at reference
conditions and the products of combustion being brought back to the same conditions
[SOURCE: EN 437:2018, modified — The second paragraph and list have been removed.]
3.11
chips
chipped material with a typical length 5 mm to 50 mm commonly in the form of pieces with a defined
particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives
3.12
classification of solid recovered fuels
categorizing of solid recovered fuels (3.75) into classes focusing on the key properties (net calorific
value, chlorine and mercury) that are defined by boundary values
3.13
component
part or element of a larger whole of a solid recovered fuel (3.75) or a general material
3.14
composition
break down of solid recovered fuels (3.75) by types of components (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: This is typically expressed as a percentage of the mass fraction component in the fuel on an as
received (3.2) basis (% in mass ar).
Note 2 to entry: Examples of components: wood, paper, board, textiles, plastics, rubber.
3.15
crushing
mechanical reduction of particle size by exerting mainly blunt deforming forces to a material
3.16
densified solid recovered fuel
solid recovered fuel (3.75) made by mechanically compressing loose material to mould it into a specific
size and shape
Note 1 to entry: Examples are pellets and briquettes.
Note 2 to entry: The process can be aided by adding heat or binders.
3.17
distribution factor
correction factor for the particle size distribution (3.53) of the material to be sampled
3.18
drop flow
material flow falling over an overflow point or a drop point in a transport system
3.19
drying
process of removing water from a material
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of test sample preparation, it may be useful to remove just the amount of water
that could interfere with other processes involved (e.g. during crushing (3.15) or milling (3.42)). In order to
minimise the alteration of the solid fuel during test portion preparation, removing the total amount of water
present is not necessarily needed.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
3.20
dry
dry basis
d
calculation basis in which the material is considered free from moisture (3.46)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.72, modified — “Solid biofuel” has been replaced with “material” and the
notes to entry have been removed.]
3.21
dry ash free
dry ash free basis
daf
calculation basis in which the material is considered free from moisture (3.46) and ash (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The abbreviation of dry ash free is daf.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.71, modified — “Solid biofuel” has been replaced by “material” and
“inorganic matter” by “ash”.]
3.22
dry matter
material remaining after removal of moisture (3.46) under specific conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.73]
3.23
duplicate sample
two samples (3.63) taken under comparable conditions
Note 1 to entry: This selection may be accomplished by taking units adjacent in time or space.
3.24
effective increment size
minimum sample size (3.44) divided by the number of increments (3.39)
3.25
effective sample size
effective increment size (3.24) multiplied by the number of increments (3.39)
3.26
electromagnetic separation of non-ferrous metals
separation of non-ferrous metals by inducing temporary magnetic forces
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as eddy current separation.
3.27
energy conversion
use of the calorific value (3.10) of the solid recovered fuel (3.75) for energy purposes (3.29), alone or with
other fuels
Note 1 to entry: Solid recovered fuels may be an intermediary energy carrier and used directly or indirectly for
the energy conversion such as in multi-stage production and use of synthetic gas. Examples of energy conversion
processes are incineration, co-incineration, combustion, co-combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, in which
energy is used for supplying heat, cooling and/or electric power.
3.28
energy density
E
ratio of net energy content and bulk volume
Note 1 to entry: The energy density is calculated by dividing the net calorific value by the bulk density (3.9).
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.79, modified — Note 1 to entry has been changed.]
3.29
energy purposes
use of the calorific value (3.10) within industrial processes or for the supply of heat and electrical power
Note 1 to entry: For industrial processes, the use of solid recovered fuel may contribute to the energy source
within the process of producing specific materials, such as cement clinker, bricks and lime.
3.30
fines
small sized particles in fuel below a certain pre-defined size, as agreed by the parties (3.54)
Note 1 to entry
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
01-november-2019
Trdna alternativna goriva - Terminologija, definicije in opisi (ISO/DIS 21637:2019)
Solid recovered fuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO/DIS 21637:2019)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO/DIS
21637:2019)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Terminologie, définitions et descriptions (ISO/DIS
21637:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21637
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21637
ISO/TC 300 Secretariat: SFS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-09-02 2019-11-25
Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and
descriptions
ICS: 75.160.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
Introduction
The terminology, definitions and descriptions included in this document are those needed to understand
the scope of ISO/TC 300 Solid recovered fuels and those that appear in two or more standards of
ISO/TC 300.
Where a term is used in only one standard, the term will be defined in the individual standard.
Following the ISO rules, this document does not include common and generic terms.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and
descriptions
1 Scope
This document defines terms and definitions concerned in all standardization work within the scope of
ISO/TC 300, i.e. terms used in the field of production and trade of solid recovered fuels that are prepared
from non-hazardous waste. Terminology boundaries are described in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Terminology boundaries for solid recovered fuels
NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of ISO/TC 238.
Definitions in other standards with a scope different from the scope of this document can be different
from the definitions in this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analysis sample
sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining specified parameters
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
3.2
as received
as received basis
calculation basis for material at delivery to the end user
Note 1 to entry: 'As received' may be at a laboratory on site or off site.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.12 (modified)]
3.3
ash
ash content
total ash
mass of inorganic residue remaining after combustion of a fuel under specified conditions, typically
expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry matter in fuel
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles.
Note 2 to entry: If a complete combustion is realized, ash contains only inorganic, non-combustible components.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.13 (modified)]
3.4
ash fusibility
ash melting behaviour
physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions
Note 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.
Note 2 to entry: See also deformation temperature (3.20), flow temperature (3.39), hemisphere temperature (3.48)
and ash sphere temperature (3.5).
3.5
ash sphere temperature
temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncated-cone test pieces is equal to the width of the
base, or the edges of cubical or cylindrical test pieces are completely round with the height remaining
unchanged
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 540:2008, modified.
3.6
bale
material which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density
3.7
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.32]
3.8
bridging
arching
tendency of particles to form a stable bridge across an opening and hindering flow
3.9
bulk density
mass of a portion of a solid recovered fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that
portion under specific conditions
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21637:2019
ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
3.10
calorific value
heating value
quantity of heat produced by the complete combustion, at a constant pressure equal to 1013,25 mbar,
of a unit volume or mass of gas, the constituents of the combustible mixture being taken at reference
conditions and the products of combustion being brought back to the same conditions.
[SOURCE: EN 437: 2018 (modified)]
3.11
chips
chipped material with a typical length 5 mm to 50 mm commonly in the form of pieces with a defined
particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives
[SOURCE: ISO 17225-4:2014 (modified)]
3.12
classification of solid recovered fuel
categorizing of solid recovered fuels into classes focusing on the key properties – NCV, Cl and Hg that
are defined by boundary values
3.13
coefficient of variation
estimate of the standard deviation of a population from a sample of n results divided by the mean of
that sample
Note 1 to entry: Frequently stated as a percentage.
Note 2 to entry: Adapted from Eurachem/Citac Guide CG 4.
3.14
collection tray
tray used in manual sampling to collect the material for sampling from the drop flow or a batch
transport system, or, in mechanical sampling, from a batch transport system
3.15
combined sample
sample consisting of all the increments taken from a lot
Note 1 to entry: The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample.
3.16
common sample
sample collected for more than one intended use
3.17
component
part or portion of a solid recovered fuel that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means
3.18
composition
break down of a solid recovered fuel by types of components e.g. wood, paper, board, textiles,
plastics, rubber
Note 1 to entry: Usually expressed in w-% ar.
3.19
crushing
mechanical reduction of particle size by exerting mainly blunt deforming forces to a material
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3.20
deformation temperature
DT
temperature at which the first signs of rounding of the edges due to melting of the test piece occur
[SOURCE: ISO 540:2008, 3,1 (modified)]
3.21
densified solid recovered fuel
solid recovered fuel made by mechanically compressing loose material to mould it into a specific size
and shape such as briquettes or pellets.
Note 1 to entry: Examples are pellets and briquettes.
Note 2 to entry: The process can be aided by adding heat or binders.
3.22
distribution factor
correction factor for the particle size distribution of the material to be sampled
3.23
drop flow
material flow falling over an overflow point or a drop point in a transport system
3.24
drying
process of removing water a material
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of test sample preparation, it may be useful to remove just the amount of water
that could interfere with other processes involved (e.g. during crushing or milling). In order to minimise the
alteration of the solid fuel during test portion preparation, removing the total amount of water present is not
necessarily need.
3.25
dry
dry basis
calculation basis in which the sample is free from moisture
3.26
dry ash free
dry ash free basis
calculation basis in which the sample is free from moisture and inorganic matter
3.27
dry matter
material after removal of moisture under specific conditions
3.28
dry matter content
portion of dry matter in the total material on mass basis
Note 1 to entry: Expressed as a percentage of the total mass in the fuel.
3.29
duplicate sample
two samples taken under comparable conditions
Note 1 to entry: This selection may be accomplished by taking units adjacent in time or space.
3.30
durability
see mechanical durability
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ISO/DIS 21637:2019(E)
3.31
effective increment size
minimum sample size divided by the number of increments
3.32
effective sample size
effective increment size multiplied by the number of increments
3.33
electromagnetic separation of non-ferrous metals
separation of non-ferrous metals by inducing temporary magnetic forces
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as eddy current separators.
3.34
energy conversion
use of the calorific value of the solid recovered fuel for energy purposes, alone or with other fuels
Note 1 to entry: Examples of energy conversion processes are incineration, co-incineration, combustion, co-
combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, in which energy is used for supplying heat, cooling and/or electric power.
3.35
energy density
ratio of net energy content and bulk volume, calculated using the net calorific value determined and the
bulk density
3.36
energy purposes
use of the calorific value within industrial processes or for the supply of heat and electrical power.
Note 1 to entry: For industrial processes the use of solid recovered fuel may contribute to the energy source
within the process of producing specific materials, such as, cement clinker, bricks and lime.
3.37
ferrous metal separation
separation of ferrous metals by use of permanent magnetic forces
[SOURCE: WT REF BAT 2017 Draft]
3.38
fines
small sized particles in fuel below a certain pre-defined size, as agreed by the producer and end-user.
Note 1 to entry: Fines are particles < 10 mm, however, the upper size of the fines may be smaller.
3.39
flow temperature
FT
temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which as half
of the height of the test piece at the hemisphere temperature
Note 1 to entry: Half of the height of the test piece is defined due to frequently occurring bubbling effects. This is
especially important for automatic image evaluation. This definition is different to other standards.
[SOURCE: ISO 540:2008, 3,4 (modified)]
3.40
flowability
abil
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