SIST EN 60051-1:2000
(Main)Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories -- Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts
Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories -- Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts
Applies to direct indicating electrical measuring instruments having analogue display, such as: ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, varmeters, phasemeters, frequency meters, synchroscopes and ohmmeters. Also applies to certain accessories used with such apparatus, e.g., shunts, series resistors and impedance elements.
Direkt wirkende anzeigende elektrische Meßgeräte und ihr Zubehör - Meßgeräte mit Skalenanzeige -- Teil 1: Definitionen und allgemeine Anforderungen für alle Teile dieser Norm
Appareils mesureurs électriques indicateurs analogiques à action directe et leurs accessoires -- Partie 1: Définitions et prescriptions générales communes à toutes les parties
S'applique aux appareils mesureurs électriques indicateurs à action directe à affichage analogique, à savoir: ampèremètres, voltmètres, wattmètres, varmètres, phase-mètres, fréquencemètres, synchronoscopes et ohmmètres. S'applique également à certains accessoires utilisés avec ces appareils tels que: shunts, résistances et impédances additionnelles.
Neposredni kazalni analogni električni merilni instrumenti in njihov pribor – 1. del: Definicije in splošne zahteve, skupne vsem delom (IEC 60051-2:1997)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Direkt wirkende anzeigende elektrische Meßgeräte und ihr Zubehör - Meßgeräte mit Skalenanzeige -- Teil 1: Definitionen und allgemeine Anforderungen für alle Teile dieser NormAppareils mesureurs électriques indicateurs analogiques à action directe et leurs accessoires -- Partie 1: Définitions et prescriptions générales communes à toutes les partiesDirect acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories -- Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts17.220.20Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities01.040.17Meroslovje in merjenje. Fizikalni pojavi (Slovarji)Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60051-1:1998SIST EN 60051-1:2000en01-september-2000SIST EN 60051-1:2000SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 60051-1:1995/A2:2000SIST EN 60051-1:1995/A1:2000SIST EN 60051-1:19951DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60051-1:2000
SIST EN 60051-1:2000
SIST EN 60051-1:2000
SIST EN 60051-1:2000
SIST EN 60051-1:2000
NORMEINTERNATIONALECEIIECINTERNATIONALSTANDARD60051-1Cinquième éditionFifth edition1997-12Appareils mesureurs électriquesindicateurs analogiques à action directeet leurs accessoires –Partie 1:Définitions et prescriptions généralescommunes à toutes les partiesDirect acting indicating analogue electricalmeasuring instruments and their accessories –Part 1:Definitions and general requirementscommon to all parts Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical
CommissionPour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current
catalogueÓ IEC 1997
Droits de reproduction réservés
¾
Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunprocédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized inany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission inwriting
from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission3, rue de Varembé
Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site
http: //www.iec.chCODE PRIXPRICE CODEXSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 3 –CONTENTSPageFOREWORD.7Clause1General.111.1Scope.111.2Normative references.112Definitions.132.1General terms.132.2Description of instruments according to their method of operation.192.3Constructional features of instruments.232.4Characteristic features of instruments.292.5Characteristic values.292.6Influence quantity, reference conditions, nominal range of useand preconditioning.312.7Errors and variations.332.8Accuracy, accuracy class and class index.333Description, classification and compliance.353.1Description.353.2Classification.353.3Compliance with the requirements of this standard.354Reference conditions and intrinsic errors.354.1Reference conditions.354.2Limits of intrinsic error, fiducial value.375Nominal range of use and variations.415.1Nominal range of use.415.2Limits of variations.415.3Conditions for the determination of variations.456Further electrical and mechanical requirements.456.1Voltage tests, insulation tests and other safety requirements.476.2Damping.476.3Self-heating.476.4Permissible overloads.496.5Limiting values of temperature.496.6Deviation from zero.497 Constructional requirements.497.1Sealing to prevent access.497.2Scales.497.3Indication of out-of-range values of the measurand.537.4Preferred values.537.5Adjusters, mechanical and/or electrical.537.6Effects of vibration and shock.55SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 5 –Page8Information, general markings and symbols.578.1Information.578.2Markings, symbols and their locations.598.3Markings relating to the reference values and nominal ranges of useof influence quantities.619Markings and symbols for terminals.739.1Requirements for markings.739.2Earthing (grounding) terminals.739.3Measuring circuit terminals.749.4Special markings for terminals.7510Tests to prove compliance with this standard.75Annex A-1 – Tests.77Annex B-1 – Permissible errors and variations.79SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 7 –INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION_________DIRECT ACTING INDICATING ANALOGUE ELECTRICAL MEASURINGINSTRUMENTS AND THEIR ACCESSORIES –Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all partsFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promoteinternational co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. Tothis end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation isentrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with mayparticipate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaisingwith the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the twoorganizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representationfrom all interested National Committees.3)The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Anydivergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearlyindicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6)Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard IEC 60051-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 85:Measuring equipment for electromagnetic quantities.This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1984, amendment 1(1994) and amendment 2 (1995). It constitutes a technical revision.The text of this standard is based on the fourth edition, amendment 1, amendment 2 and thefollowing documents:FDISReport on voting85/166/FDIS85/177/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report onvoting indicated in the above table.SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 9 –INTRODUCTIONIEC 60051 is published in separate parts according to the following structure and under thegeneral title Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and theiraccessories.Part 1:Definitions and General Requirements Common to all Pans.Part 2:Special Requirements for Ammeters and Voltmeters.Part 3:Special Requirements for Wattmeters and Varmeters.Part 4:Special Requirements for Frequency Meters.Part 5:Special Requirements for Phase Meters, Power Factor Meters and Synchroscopes.Part 6:Special Requirements for Ohmmeters (Impedance Meters) and Conductance Meters.Part 7:Special Requirements for Multi-function Instruments.Part 8:Special Requirements for Accessories.Part 9:Recommended Test Methods.Parts 2 to 9 are not complete in themselves and shall be read in conjunction with this Part 1.All of these pans are arranged in the same format and a standard relationship between subjectand clause number is maintained throughout. In addition, tables, figures and annexes add asuffix to the part number in order to differentiate the pans. This re-arrangement will assist thereader of IEC 60051 to distinguish information relating to the different types of instruments.SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 11 –DIRECT ACTING INDICATING ANALOGUE ELECTRICAL MEASURINGINSTRUMENTS AND THEIR ACCESSORIES –Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts1 General1.1 ScopeThis standard applies to direct acting indicating electrical measuring instruments having ananalogue display, such as:–ammeters and voltmeters;–wattmeters and varmeters;–frequency meters of pointer and vibrating-reed types;–phasemeters, power-factor meters and synchroscopes;–ohmmeters, impedance meters and conductance meters;–multi-function instruments of the above types.It also applies to certain accessories used with these instruments, such as:–shunts;–series resistors and impedance elements.If other accessories are associated with instruments, this standard is applicable to thecombination of the instrument and the accessory provided that the adjustments have beenmade for the combination.This standard also applies to a direct acting indicating electrical measuring instrument whosescale marks do not correspond directly to its electrical input quantity, provided that therelationship between them is known.This standard also applies to instruments and accessories having electronic devices in theirmeasuring and/or auxiliary circuits.This standard does not apply to special purpose instruments which are covered by their ownIEC standards.This standard does not apply to special purpose devices which are covered by their own IECstandards when they are used as accessories.This standard does not contain either requirements for protection against environmentalconditions or the relevant tests. However, when necessary, and then only by agreementbetween the manufacturer and the user, tests to approximate the conditions of use may beselected from IEC 60068.This standard does not specify requirements concerning dimensions of instruments oraccessories (for the former, see IEC 60473).SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 13 –1.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60051. At the time of publication, the editions indicatedwere valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements basedon this part of IEC 60051 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technologyIEC 60050(301), (302), (303):1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter301: General terms on measurements in electricity – Chapter 302: Electrical measuringinstruments – Chapter 303: Electronic measuring instrumentsIEC 60051-9:1988, Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and theiraccessories – Part 9: Recommended test methodsIEC 60068-2-6:1995, Environmental tests – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc and guidance: Vibrations(sinusoidal)IEC 60068-2-27:1987, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: ShockIEC 60417:1973, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Index, survey and compilation ofthe single sheetsIEC 60473:1974, Dimensions for panel-mounted indicating and recording electrical measuringinstruments*IEC 60617-2:1996, Graphical symbols for diagrams – Part 2: Symbol elements, qualifyingsymbols and other symbols having general applicationIEC 61010-1:1990, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, andlaboratory use – Part 1: General requirements2 DefinitionsThe values of a.c. quantities, given in this standard, are r.m.s. values unless otherwise stated.For the purpose of this standard, terms as defined in IEC 60050 apply, together with thefollowing additional terms.2.1 General terms2.1.1electrical measuring instrumenta measuring instrument intended to measure an electrical or non-electrical quantity usingelectrical means–––––––––––* Revision in preparationSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 15 –2.1.2analogue display instrumenta measuring instrument intended to present or display the output information as a continuousfunction of the measured quantityNOTE – An instrument in which a change of the indication occurs by small discrete steps, but which does not havea digital display, is considered to be an analogue instrument.2.1.3indicating instrumenta measuring instrument which displays at any time the value of the measured quantity withoutrecording itNOTE – The indicated value may be different from the value of the quantity measured by the instrument and maybe in units of a different quantity.2.1.4direct acting indicating instrumentan instrument in which the indicating device is mechanically connected to and actuated by themoving element2.1.5electronic measuring instrumenta measuring instrument intended to measure an electrical or non-electrical quantity usingelectronic means2.1.6single function instrumentan instrument intended for the measurement of one kind of quantity only2.1.7multi-function instrumentan instrument having a single means of indication intended for the measurement of more thanone kind of quantity (e.g. an instrument measuring current, voltage and resistance)2.1.8fixed instrumentan instrument designed to be permanently mounted and which is intended to be connected to(an) external circuit(s) by means of permanently installed leads2.1.9portable instrumentan instrument specifically designed to be carried out by handNOTE – The instrument is intended to be connected and disconnected by the user.2.1.10polyphase instrumentan instrument for measurement in a polyphase system and arranged for connection to morethan one phase of the systemSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 17 –2.1.11balanced load polyphase instrumenta polyphase instrument for use in a balanced polyphase system. This does not include asingle-phase wattmeter scaled in terms of polyphase power2.1.12instrument with magnetic screenan instrument shielded by ferro-magnetic material from the influence of a magnetic field ofexternal origin2.1.13astatic instrumentan instrument in which the measuring element is so constructed as to be unaffected by auniform magnetic field of external origin2.1.14instrument with electric screenan instrument shielded by conductive material from the influence of an electric field of externalorigin2.1.15accessoryan element group of elements or device associated with the measuring circuit of a measuringinstrument in order to confer specified characteristics to the measuring instrument2.1.15.1interchangeable accessoryan accessory having its own properties and accuracy, these being independent of those of theinstrument with which it may be associatedNOTE – An accessory is considered to be interchangeable when its rated characteristics are known and markedand are sufficient to enable its errors and variations to be determined without using the associated instrument. Ashunt whose adjustment takes into account an instrument current which is not negligible and which is known, isconsidered to be interchangeable.2.1.15.2accessory of limited interchangeabilityan accessory having its own properties and accuracy, which can only be associated withmeasuring instruments for which certain characteristics are within specified limits2.1.15.3non-interchangeable accessoryan accessory adjusted to take into account the electrical characteristics of a specific measuringinstrument2.1.16shunta resistor connected in parallel with a measuring circuit of a measuring instrumentNOTE – A shunt is generally intended to provide a voltage proportional to a current to be measured.SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 19 –2.1.17series resistor (impedance)a resistor (impedance) connected in series with a measuring circuit of a measuring instrumentNOTE – A series resistor (impedance) is generally intended to extend the voltage measuring range of aninstrument.2.1.18instrument leada lead comprising one or more conductors, specially designed for interconnecting measuringinstruments to external circuits or to accessories2.1.19calibrated instrument leadan instrument lead whose resistance has a specified valueNOTE – A calibrated instrument lead is considered as being an interchangeable accessory of a measuringinstrument.2.1.20distortion factor (total harmonic distortion factor) (of a quantity)the ratio: r.m.s. value of the harmonic contentr.m.s. value of the non-sinusoidal quantity2.1.21ripple content of a quantitythe ratio: rms. value of the fluctuating componentvalue of the d.c. component2.1.22peak factorthe ratio of the peak value to the r.m.s. value of a periodic quantity2.2 Description of instruments according to their method of operation2.2.1permanent-magnet moving-coil instrumentan instrument which operates by the interaction of the magnetic field due to a current in amovable coil with the field of a fixed permanent magnetNOTE – The instrument can have more than one coil, measuring the sum or ratio of the currents in them.2.2.2moving-magnet instrumentan instrument which operates by the interaction of the field of a movable permanent magnetwith the magnetic field due to a current in a fixed coilNOTE – The instrument can have more than one coil.SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 21 –2.2.3moving-iron instrumentan instrument which operates by the attraction between a movable piece of “soft" magneticmaterial and the field due to a current in a fixed coil or by the repulsion (and attraction)between one (or more) fixed piece(s) of “soft" magnetic material and a movable piece of “soft"magnetic material, both (all) magnetized by a current in a fixed coil2.2.4polarized moving-iron instrumentan instrument comprising a movable piece of "soft" magnetic material polarized by a fixedpermanent magnet and magnetically excited by a current in a fixed coil2.2.5electrodynamic instrumentan instrument which operates by the interaction of the magnetic field due to a current in amovable coil with the magnetic field due to a current in one or more fixed coils2.2.6ferrodynamic instrument (iron-cored electrodynamic instrument)an electrodynamic instrument in which the electrodynamic effect is modified by the presence of"soft" magnetic material in the magnetic circuit.2.2.7induction instrumentan instrument which operates by the interaction of the magnetic field(s) of (a) fixed a.c.electromagnet(s) with the magnetic field(s) due to currents which they induce in (a) movableconductive element(s)2.2.8thermal instrument (electrothermal instrument)an instrument which operates by the heating effect(s) of (a) current(s) m it(s) conductor(s)2.2.8.1bimetallic instrumenta thermal instrument in which the deformation of a bimetallic element (the materials havingdifferent rates of expansion due to a change in temperature), heated directly or indirectly by acurrent, produces the indication2.2.8.2thermocouple instrumenta thermal instrument making use of the e.m.f. of one or more thermocouples heated by thecurrent to be measuredNOTE – The e.m.f. is often measured using a permanent-magnet moving-coil instrument.2.2.9rectifier instrumentan instrument which is the combination of a measuring instrument sensitive to direct currentand a rectifying device whereby alternating currents or voltages may be measuredSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 23 –2.2.10electrostatic instrumentan instrument the operation of which depends on the effects of electrostatic forces betweenfixed and movable electrodes2.2.11pointer-type frequency meteran instrument which indicates the measured frequency by the relationship between an indexand a scale2.2.12vibrating-reed frequency meteran instrument intended to measure frequency, comprising a set of tuned vibrating reeds, one ora few of which resonate under the action of an alternating current of the relevant frequencyflowing through one or more fixed coils2.2.13phase meteran instrument which indicates the phase angle between two electrical input quantities of thesame frequency and of similar waveformSuch an instrument measures:–the phase angle between a voltage and another voltage or between a current and anothercurrent,or–the phase angle between a voltage and a current.2.2.14power factor meteran instrument intended to measure the ratio between the active and the apparent power in anelectrical circuitIn practice, power factor meters indicate the cosine of the phase angle between a current and arelated voltage.2.2.15ratiometer (quotientmeter)an instrument for measuring the ratio (quotient) of two quantities2.2.16R.M.S.-responding instrumentan instrument which, over a specified frequency range, provides an indication which isdesigned to be proportional to the root-mean-square value of the measured quantity, evenwhen it is not sinusoidal or containing a d.c. part2.3 Constructional features of instruments2.3.1measuring circuit (of an instrument)the part of the electrical circuit internal to the instrument and its accessories, together with theinterconnecting leads, if any, which is energized by a voltage or a current, one or both of thesequantities being a prime factor in determining the indication of the measured quantity (one ofthese quantities may be the measured quantity itself)SIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 25 –2.3.1.1current circuita measuring circuit through which flows a current which is a prime factor in determining theindication of the measured quantityNOTE – It may be the current directly involved in the measurement or a proportional current supplied by an externalcurrent transformer or derived from an external shunt.2.3.1.2voltage circuita measuring circuit to which is applied a voltage which is a prime factor in determining theindication of a measured quantityNOTE – It may be the voltage directly involved in the measurement or a proportional voltage supplied by an externalvoltage transformer or an external voltage divider or derived by means of an external series resistor (impedance).2.3.2external measuring circuitthe part of the electrical circuit external to the instrument from which a measured value isobtained2.3.3auxiliary circuita circuit, other than a measuring circuit, required for the operation of the instrument2.3.3.1auxiliary supplyan auxiliary circuit which provides electrical energy2.3.4measuring elementthe assembly of those parts of a measuring instrument which are acted upon by a measuredquantity, resulting in a movement of the moving element related to that quantity2.3.5moving elementthe moving part of a measuring element2.3.6indicating devicethe part of a measuring instrument which displays values of the measured quantity2.3.7indexthe means which, in conjunction with the scale, indicates the position of the moving element ofan instrument2.3.8scalethe series of marks and numbers from which, in conjunction with the index, the value of themeasured quantity is obtainedSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 27 –2.3.8.1scale marksmarks on the dial for the purpose of dividing it into suitable intervals so that the position of theindex may be determined2.3.8.2zero scale markthe mark on the dial associated with the figure zero2.3.8.3scale divisionthe distance between any two consecutive scale marks2.3.9scale numbersthe series of numbers which are associated with the scale marks2.3.10dialthe surface which carries the scale and other marks and symbols2.3.11mechanical zerothe equilibrium position which the index will approach when the measuring element (ifmechanically controlled) is de-energized. This may or may not coincide with the zero scalemark.In mechanically suppressed zero instruments, the mechanical zero does not correspond to ascale mark.In instruments without restoring torque the mechanical zero is indeterminate.2.3.11.1mechanical zero adjusterthe mechanism by means of which the instrument may be adjusted so that the mechanical zerocoincides with the appropriate scale mark2.3.11.2mechanical span adjusterthe mechanism by means of which the instrument may be adjusted so that the lower/upper limitof the measuring range coincides with the appropriate scale mark2.3.12electrical zerothe equilibrium position which the index will approach when the measured electrical quantity iseither zero or a set value and the control circuit (if any), producing a restoring torque, isenergizedSIST EN 60051-1:2000
60051-1 © IEC:1997– 29 –2.3.12.1electrical zero adjusterfor an instrument which needs an auxiliary supply, the mechanism by means of which theinstrument may be adjusted so that the electrical zero coincides with the appropriate scalemark2.3.12.2electrical span adjusterfor an instrument which needs an auxiliary supply, the mechanism by means of which theinstrument may be adjusted so that the lower/upper limit of the measuring range coincides withthe appropriate scale mark2.4 Characteristic features of instruments2.4.1scale lengththe length of the line (curved or straight) which passes through the centres of all the shortestscale marks contained between the first and the last scale marksIt is expressed in units of length.NOTE – If an instrument has more than one scale, each scale may have its own scale length. For convenience, thescale length of the instrument is taken to be that of the major scale.2.4.2spanthe algebraic difference between the upper and lower limits of the measuring rangeIt is expressed in units of the measured quantity.2.4.3measuring range (effective range)the range defined by two values of the measured quantity within which the limits of error of ameasuring instrument (and/or accessory) are specifiedNOTE – A
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.