SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018

Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations

This part of IEC 60099 provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the
selection and application of surge arresters to be used in three-phase systems with nominal
voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in
IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure – rated
52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series
gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In
Annex J, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed.
Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter to which most users have paid a lot of
attention to when selecting the type and rating. Typical maximum residual voltages are given
in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the
requirements on system reliability and design are sufficiently uniform, so that the
recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of
arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole
process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting
from prior practice may be continued.
Annexes H and I present comparisons and calculations between old line discharge
classification and new charge classification.

Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl und die Anwendung

Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et l'utilisation

NEW!IEC 60099-5:2018 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60099-5:2018 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.

Prenapetostni odvodniki - 5. del: Izbira in priporočila za uporabo

Ta del standarda IEC 60099 vsebuje informacije, smernice in priporočila za izbiro in uporabo prenapetostnih odvodnikov, ki se uporabljajo v trifaznih sistemih z nazivnimi napetostmi nad 1 kV. Uporablja se za prenapetostne odvodnike iz kovinskega oksida brez iskrišč, kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-4, za prenapetostne odvodnike s tako skupinsko kot tudi z vzporedno strukturo z iskrišči, ki so ocenjeni na 52 kV in manj, kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-6, ter prenapetostne odvodnike iz kovinskega oksida z zunanjim iskriščem skupinske strukture za nadzemni prenos in razdelilna omrežja (EGLA), kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60099-8. V dodatku J so obravnavani nekateri vidiki v zvezi s starejšo vrsto prenapetostnih odvodnikov SiC z iskriščem. Preostala napetost prenapetostnega odvodnika je pomemben parameter, ki mu je večina uporabnikov posvetila veliko pozornosti pri izbiranju vrste in značilnosti. Tipične največje preostale napetosti so podane v dodatku F. Vendar je verjetno, da so pri nekaterih sistemih ali v nekaterih državah zahteve za zanesljivost sistema in zasnova dovolj enotne, da lahko priporočila sedanjega standarda vodijo k določitvi ozkih območij odvodnikov. Uporabnikom prenapetostnih odvodnikov v tem primeru ne bo treba uporabiti celotnega, tukaj predstavljenega postopka za vsako novo namestitev in lahko nadaljujejo z izbiro značilnosti, ki izhaja iz predhodne prakse.
V dodatkih H in I so predstavljene primerjave in izračuni med staro klasifikacijo razelektritve voda in novo klasifikacijo napajanja.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Apr-2018
• ICS: 29.240.10 - Substations. Surge arresters
• Technical Committee: POD - Surge aresters
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2018
• Due Date: 10-Jun-2018
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2018
• Ref Project: EN IEC 60099-5:2018 - Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 60099-5:2013 - Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018
01-maj-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60099-5:2013
3UHQDSHWRVWQLRGYRGQLNLGHO,]ELUDLQSULSRURþLOD]DXSRUDER
Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations
Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl und die Anwendung
Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et l'utilisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60099-5:2018
ICS:
29.240.10 Transformatorske postaje. Substations. Surge arresters
Prenapetostni odvodniki
SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60099-5

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2018
ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 Supersedes EN 60099-5:2013
English Version
Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application
recommendations
(IEC 60099-5:2018)
Parafoudres - Partie 5: Recommandations pour le choix et Überspannungsableiter - Teil 5: Anleitung für die Auswahl
l'utilisation und die Anwendung
(IEC 60099-5:2018) (IEC 60099-5:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-02-23. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN IEC 60099-5:2018 E

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 (E)

European foreword
The text of document 37/437/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60099-5, prepared by IEC/TC 37 "Surge
arresters" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 60099-5:2018.

The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be (dop) 2018-11-23
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2021-02-23
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 60099-5:2013.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60099-5:2018 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
2

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018
EN IEC 60099-5:2018 (E)

Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.

NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.

NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60071-1 2006 Insulation co-ordination -- Part 1: EN 60071-1 2006
Definitions, principles and rules
+ A1 2010  + A1 2010
IEC 60071-2 1996 Insulation co-ordination -- Part 2: EN 60071-2 1997
Application guide
IEC 60099-4 2004  Surge arresters -- Part 4: Metal-oxide EN 60099-4 2004
surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems
+ A1 2006  + A1 2006
+ A2 2009  + A2 2009
IEC 60099-4 2014 Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge EN 60099-4 2014
arresters without gaps for a.c. systems
IEC 60099-6 2002 Surge arresters -- Part 6: Surge arresters - -
containing both series and parallel gapped
structures - Rated 52 kV and less
IEC 60099-8 2011 Surge arresters -- Part 8: Metal-oxide EN 60099-8 2011
surge arresters with external series gap
(EGLA) for overhead transmission and
distribution lines of a.c. systems above 1
kV
IEC 60507 -  Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage EN 60507 -
ceramic and glass insulators to be used on
a.c. systems
IEC 62271-200 -  High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- EN 62271-200 -
Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear
and controlgear for rated voltages above 1
kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-203 -  High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- EN 62271-203 -
Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed
switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
IEC/TR 60071-4 -  Insulation co-ordination -- Part 4: - -
Computational guide to insulation co-
ordination and modelling of electrical
networks
IEC/TS 60815-1 2008 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage - -
insulators intended for use in polluted
conditions - Part 1: Definitions, information
and general principles


3

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018




IEC 60099-5

®


Edition 3.0 2018-01




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD








colour

inside










Surge arresters –

Part 5: Selection and application recommendations



























INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL


COMMISSION





ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-5075-4



  Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.


® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

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SIST EN IEC 60099-5:2018
– 2 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 General principles for the application of surge arresters . 21
5 Surge arrester fundamentals and applications issues . 22
5.1 Evolution of surge protection equipment . 22
5.2 Different types and designs and their electrical and mechanical
characteristics . 23
5.2.1 General . 23
5.2.2 Metal-oxide arresters without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 . 24
5.2.3 Metal-oxide surge arresters with internal series gaps according to
IEC 60099-6 . 34
5.2.4 Externally gapped line arresters (EGLA) according to IEC 60099-8. 36
5.2.5 Application considerations . 39
6 Insulation coordination and surge arrester applications. 52
6.1 General . 52
6.2 Insulation coordination overview . 52
6.2.1 General . 52
6.2.2 IEC insulation coordination procedure . 53
6.2.3 Overvoltages . 53
6.2.4 Line insulation coordination: Arrester Application Practices . 59
6.2.5 Substation insulation coordination: Arrester application practices . 64
6.2.6 Insulation coordination studies. 68
6.3 Selection of arresters . 70
6.3.1 General . 70
6.3.2 General procedure for the selection of surge arresters . 70
6.3.3 Selection of line surge arresters, LSA . 84
6.3.4 Selection of arresters for cable protection . 93
6.3.5 Selection of arresters for distribution systems – special attention . 95
6.3.6 Application and coordination of disconnectors . 96
6.3.7 Selection of UHV arresters . 98
6.4 Standard and special service conditions . 99
6.4.1 Standard service conditions . 99
6.4.2 Special service conditions . 99
7 Surge arresters for special applications . 103
7.1 Surge arresters for transformer neutrals . 103
7.1.1 General . 103
7.1.2 Surge arresters for fully insulated transformer neutrals . 103
7.1.3 Surge arresters for neutrals of transformers with non-uniform insulation . 103
7.2 Surge arresters between phases . 104
7.2.1 General . 104
7.2.2 6-arrester arrangement . 104
7.2.3 4-arrester (Neptune) arrangement . 104
7.3 Surge arresters for rotating machines . 105
7.4 Surge arresters in parallel . 106

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7.4.1 General . 106
7.4.2 Combining different designs of arresters . 107
7.5 Surge arresters for capacitor switching . 107
7.6 Surge arresters for series capacitor banks . 109
8 Asset management of surge arresters . 110
8.1 General . 110
8.2 Managing surge arresters in a power grid . 110
8.2.1 Asset database . 110
8.2.2 Technical specifications . 110
8.2.3 Strategic spares . 110
8.2.4 Transportation and storage . 111
8.2.5 Commissioning . 111
8.3 Maintenance . 111
8.3.1 General . 111
8.3.2 Polluted arrester housing . 112
8.3.3 Coating of arrester housings . 112
8.3.4 Inspection of disconnectors on surge arresters . 112
8.3.5 Line surge arresters . 112
8.4 Performance and diagnostic tools . 112
8.5 End of life . 113
8.5.1 General . 113
8.5.2 GIS arresters . 113
8.6 Disposal and recycling . 113
Annex A (informative) Determination of temporary overvoltages due to earth faults . 114
Annex B (informative) Current practice . 118
Annex C (informative)  Arrester modelling techniques for studies involving insulation
coordination and energy requirements . 119
C.1 Arrester models for impulse simulations . 119
C.2 Application to insulation coordination studies . 120
C.3 Summary of proposed arrester models to be used for impulse applications . 120
Annex D (informative) Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service . 122
D.1 General . 122
D.1.1 Overview . 122
D.1.2 Fault indicators . 122
D.1.3 Disconnectors . 122
D.1.4 Surge counters . 122
D.1.5 Monitoring spark gaps . 123
D.1.6 Temperature measurements . 123
D.1.7 Leakage current measurements of gapless metal-oxide arresters . 123
D.2 Measurement of the total leakage current . 128
D.3 Measurement of the resistive leakage current or the power loss. 129
D.3.1 General . 129
D.3.2 Method A1 – Using the applied voltage signal as a reference . 129
D.3.3 Method A2 – Compensating the capacitive component using a voltage
signal . 130
D.3.4 Method A3 – Compensating the capacitive component without using a
voltage signal . 131
D.3.5 Method A4 – Capacitive compensation by combining the leakage
current of the three phases . 131

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D.3.6 Method B1 – Third order harmonic analysis . 132
D.3.7 Method B2 – Third order harmonic analysis with compensation for
harmonics in the voltage . 133
D.3.8 Method B3 – First order harmonic analysis . 133
D.3.9 Method C – Direct determination of the power losses . 133
D.4 Leakage current information from the arrester manufacturer . 133
D.5 Summary of diagnostic methods . 135
Annex E (informative) Typical data needed from arrester manufacturers for proper
selection of surge arresters . 136
Annex F (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages for metal-oxide arresters
without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 . 137
Annex G (informative) Steepness reduction of incoming surge with additional line
terminal surge capacitance . 138
G.1 General . 138
G.2 Steepness reduction factor . 138
G.3 Equivalent capacitance associated with incoming surge fronts . 140
G.3.1 General . 140
G.3.2 Examples of incoming surge steepness change, f , using typical 550 kV
s
& 245 kV circuit parameters . 141
G.3.3 Change in coordination withstand voltage, U , with steepness
cw
reduction, f : . 142
s
G.4 EMTP & capacitor charging models for steepness change comparisons at
line open terminal . 142
G.5 Typical steepness (S = 1000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C & C . 143
0 0 s
G.6 Faster steepness (2000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C & C . 145
o s
Annex H (informative) Comparison of the former energy classification system based
on line discharge classes and the present classification system based on thermal
energy ratings for operating duty tests and repetitive charge transfer ratings for
repetitive single event energies. 147
H.1 General . 147
H.2 Examples . 150
Annex I (informative) Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during
line switching . 155
I.1 Simplified method of estimating arrester line switching energies . 155
I.1.1 Introduction . 155
I.1.2 Simplified method calculation steps . 156
I.1.3 Typical line surge impedances with bundled conductors . 158
I.1.4 Prospective switching surge overvoltages . 158
I.1.5 Use of IEC 60099-4:2009 to obtain values for surge impedance and
prospective surge voltages . 159
I.2 Example of charge and energy calculated using line discharge parameters. 160
I.3 Arrester line switching energy examples . 164
I.3.1 General . 164
I.3.2 Case 1 – 145 kV . 167
I.3.3 Case 2 – 242 kV . 167
I.3.4 Case 3 – 362 kV . 167
I.3.5 Case 4 – 420 kV . 168
I.3.6 Case 5 – 550 kV . 168
Annex J (informative) End of life and replacement of old gapped SiC-arresters . 180
J.1 Overview. 180
J.2 Design and operation of SiC-arresters . 180

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IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 5 –
J.3 Failure causes and aging phenomena . 180
J.3.1 General . 180
J.3.2 Sealing problems . 180
J.3.3 Equalization of internal and external pressure and atmosphere . 181
J.3.4 Gap electrode erosion . 181
J.3.5 Ageing of grading components . 182
J.3.6 Changed system conditions . 182
J.3.7 Increased pollution levels . 182
J.4 Possibility to check the status of the arresters . 182
J.5 Advantages of planning replacements ahead . 182
J.5.1 General . 182
J.5.2 Improved reliability . 183
J.5.3 Cost advantages . 183
J.5.4 Increased safety requirements . 183
J.6 Replacement issues . 183
J.6.1 General . 183
J.6.2 Establishing replacement priority . 183
J.6.3 Selection of MO arresters for replacement installations . 184
Bibliography . 185

Figure 1 – Example of GIS arresters of three mechanical/one electrical column
(middle) and one column (left) design and current path of the three mechanical/one
electrical column design (right) . 29
Figure 2 – Typical deadfront arrester . 30
Figure 3 – Internally gapped metal-oxide surge arrester designs . 35
Figure 4 – Components of an EGLA acc. to IEC 60099-8 . 36
Figure 5 – Typical arrangement of a 420 kV arrester . 41
Figure 6 – Examples of UHV and HV arresters with grading and corona rings . 42
Figure 7 – Same type of arrester mounted on a pedestal (left), suspended from an
earthed steel structure (middle) or suspended from a line conductor (right . 43
Figure 8 – Installations without earth-mat (distribution systems) . 44
Figure 9 – Installations with earth-mat (high-voltage substations) . 45
Figure 10 – Definition of mechanical loads according to IEC 60099-4:2014 . 47
Figure 11 – Distribution arrester with disconnector and insulating bracket. 48
Figure 12 – Examples of good and poor connection principles for distribution arresters . 50
Figure 13 – Typical voltages and duration example for differently earthed systems . 54
Figure 14 – Typical phase-to-earth overvoltages encountered in power systems . 55
Figure 15 – Arrester voltage-current characteristics . 56
Figure 16 – Direct strike to a phase conductor with LSA . 61
Figure 17 – Strike to a shield wire or tower with LSA . 62
Figure 18 – Typical procedure for a surge arrester insulation coordination study . 69
Figure 19 – Flow diagrams for standard selection of surge arrester . 73
Figure 20 – Examples of arrester TOV capability . 74
Figure 21 – Flow diagram for the selection of NGLA . 87
Figure 22 – Flow diagram for the selection of EGLA . 91
Figure 23 – Common neutral configurations . 96

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Figure 24 – Typical configurations for arresters connected phase-to-phase and phase-
to-ground . 105
Figure A.1 – Earth fault factor k on a base of X /X , for R /X = R = 0 . 114
0 1 1 1 1
Figure A.2 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = 0 . 115
1
Figure A.3 – Relationship between R0/X1 and X0/X1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R = 0,5 X . 115
1 1
Figure A.4 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = X . 116
1 1
Figure A.5 – Relationship between R /X and X /X for constant values of earth fault
0 1 0 1
factor k where R = 2X .
...