SIST EN 13284-1:2002
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric method
This European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ducted gaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 standard conditions. This method has been validated with special emphasis around 5 mg/m3 on an average half hour sampling time.
This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations.
If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depend on the sampling and filter treatment conditions.
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Staubmassenkonzentration bei geringen Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrisches Verfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Konventionsmessverfahren zur Messung geringer Staubkonzentrationen in geführten Gasströmen im Konzentrationsbereich unterhalb von 50 mg/m3 unter Bezugsbedingungen fest. Das Verfahren wurde insbesondere für den Bereich um 5 mg/m3 auf der Basis einer Probenahmedauer von einer halben Stunde validiert.
Diese Europäische Norm wurde in erster Linie zur Untersuchung der Abgasströme von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen entwickelt und validiert. Darüber hinaus kann sie auch auf Abgase von stationären Quellen und bei höheren Konzentrationen angewandt werden.
Falls die Abgase instabile, reaktive oder halbflüchtige Stoffe enthalten, hängt die Messung von den Bedingungen der Probenahme und der Filterbehandlung ab.
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible concentration en masse de poussieres - Partie 1: Méthode gravimétrique manuelle
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de référence pour le mesurage de faibles concentrations de poussieres inférieures a 50 mg/m3 dans les conditions normales dans des effluents gazeux. Cette méthode a été validée plus particulierement pour des concentrations voisines de 5 mg/m3 avec une durée moyenne d'échantillonnage d'une demi-heure.
La présente Norme européenne est principalement développée et validée pour les effluents gazeux d'incinérateurs de déchets. De maniere plus générale, elle peut s'appliquer aux effluents gazeux de sources fixes et a des concentrations plus élevées.
Lorsque les effluents gazeux contiennent des substances instables, réactives ou semi-volatiles, le mesurage dépend des conditions d'échantillonnage et de filtration.
Emisije nepremičnih virov - Določevanje nizkih masnih koncentracij prahu - 1. del: Ročna gravimetrijska metoda
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung der Staubmassenkonzentration bei geringen Staubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrisches VerfahrenEmissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faible concentration en masse de poussieres - Partie 1: Méthode gravimétrique manuelleStationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric method13.040.40Stationary source emissionsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13284-1:2001SIST EN 13284-1:2002en,fr,de01-maj-2002SIST EN 13284-1:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13284-1November 2001ICS 13.040.40English versionStationary source emissions - Determination of low range massconcentration of dust - Part 1: Manual gravimetric methodEmissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la faibleconcentration en masse de poussières - Partie 1: Méthodegravimétrique manuelleEmissionen aus stationären Quellen - Ermittlung derStaubmassenkonzentration bei geringenStaubkonzentrationen - Teil 1: Manuelles gravimetrischesVerfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13284-1:2001 ESIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)2ContentspageForeword.41Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.54Principle.85Sampling plane and sampling points.95.1General.95.2Sampling plane.95.3Minimum number and location of sampling points.95.4Access ports and working platform.106Equipment and materials.116.1Gas velocity, temperature, pressure and composition measurement devices.116.2Sampling equipment.116.3Dust deposit recovery accessories.176.4Equipment for conditioning and weighing.177Weighing procedure.187.1General aspects.187.2Pre-sampling conditioning.187.3Weighing.187.4Post-sampling treatment of weighed parts.197.5Post-sampling treatment of the rinsing solutions.197.6Improvement of the weighing procedure.198Sampling procedure.208.1General aspects.208.2Preparation.208.3Pre measurements.208.4Sampling procedure.218.5Recovery of deposits upstream of the filter.228.6Overall blank sample.229Thermal behaviour of dusts.2210Validation of results.2310.1General.2310.2Parameters depending on the stationary source.2310.3Leak check.2310.4Isokinetic rate.2410.5Deposits of dust on non-weighed parts upstream the filter.2410.6Overall blank.2411Calculation.2411.1Sampling volumetric flow rate.2411.2Dust concentration.2512Performance characteristics of the method.2512.1General aspects.2512.2Experimental data.2612.3Comments.2713Test report.27SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)3Annex A
(normative)
Requirements related to the working platform.30Annex B
(normative)
Determination of flow direction with Pitot tubes.31B.1Type L Pitot tube.31B.2Type S Pitot tube.31Annex C
(normative)
Methods for determining the positions of sampling points in circular andrectangular ducts.32C.1Method for circular ducts.32C.1.1General.32C.1.2General method for circular ducts.32C.1.3Tangential method for circular ducts.34C.2Method for rectangular ducts.35Annex D
(informative)
Examples of suitable access ports for sampling equipment.37Annex E
(normative)
Proven design of the entry nozzles.39Annex F
(normative)
Summary of the requirements.42Annex G
(informative)
Sampling volume, flow rate and duration.43G.1General.43G.2Weighing uncertainties.43G.3Sampling volume.43G.4Sampling flow rate and duration.43Annex H
(informative)
Examples of weighing bias.44H.1General.44H.2Effect of insufficient temperature equilibrium.44H.3Effect of temperature variations.44H.4Effect of barometric pressure variations.44H.5Conclusions.44Bibliography.46SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)4ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 "Air quality", the secretariat ofwhich is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by May 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byMay 2002.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the EuropeanFree Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).This European Standard consists of two parts:— EN 13284-1, Stationary source emissions – Determination of low range mass concentration of dust – Part 1:Manual gravimetric method— EN 13284-2, Stationary source emissions – Determination of low range mass concentration of dust – Part 2:Automated measuring systemsThe annexes A, B, C, E and F are normative. The annexes D, G and H are informative.This standard contains a Bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)51 ScopeThis European Standard specifies a reference method for the measurement of low dust concentration in ductedgaseous streams in the concentrations below 50 mg/m3 standard conditions. This method has been validated withspecial emphasis around 5 mg/m3 on an average half hour sampling time.This European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators.More generally, it may be applied to gases emitted from stationary sources, and to higher concentrations.If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement depend on the sampling andfilter treatment conditions.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).ISO 3966:1977, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conducts – Velocity area method using Pitot statictubes.ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and result – Part 2: Basismethod for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1dustparticles, of any shape, structure or density, dispersed in the gas phase at the sampling point conditions which maybe collected by filtration under specified conditions after representative sampling of the gas to be analysed, andwhich remain upstream of the filter and on the filter after drying under specified conditions3.2filtration temperaturetemperature of the sampled gas immediately downstream of the filter3.3"in-stack" filtrationfiltration in the duct with the filter in its filter holder placed immediately downstream of the sampling nozzle3.4"out-stack" filtrationfiltration outside of the duct with the filter in its heated filter holder placed downstream of the sampling nozzle andthe suction tube (sampling probe)3.5isokinetic samplingsampling at a flow rate such that the velocity vN and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle are the sameas the velocity va and direction of the gas in the duct at the sampling point (see Figure 1)SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)6Key1 Duct2 Internal diameter i3 Radius of the bend (minimum 1,5 i)Figure 1 — Isokinetic sampling3.6isokinetic ratevelocity ratio vN / va expressed in percentage as a characteristics of the deviation from isokinetic sampling (see 3.5)3.7hydraulic diametercharacteristic dimension of a duct cross-section defined by:planesamplingofperimeterplanesamplingofarea4hd(1)3.8sampling plane (or sampling section)plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position (see Figure 2)SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)73.9sampling lineslines in the sampling plane along which the sampling points are located (see Figure 2), bounded by the inner ductwallKey1Sampling line2Sampling plane3Access port4Flow rateFigure 2 — Illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct3.10sampling pointspecific position on a sampling line at which a sample is extractedSIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)83.11standard conditionsreference values for a dry gas at a pressure of 101,325 kPa rounded to 101,3 kPa and a temperature of 273,15 Krounded to 273 K3.12overall blanktest sample taken at the plant site in an identical manner to the normal samples in the series, except that no gas issampled during test durationNote
The measured mass variation provides an estimation of the uncertainties. The overall blank value, divided by theaverage sampling volume of the measurement series, provides an estimation of the detection limit (in milligrams per cubicmetre) of the whole measurement process, as carried out by the operators. The overall blank includes possible deposits on thefilter and on all parts upstream.3.13weighing controlprocedure for the detection/correction of apparent weight variations due to possible changes between pre and postsampling weighing conditions3.14measurement seriessuccessive measurements carried out at the same sampling plane, and at the same process conditions3.15limit valuedust concentration which is permitted by authorities for the plant process (i.e. average limit value)Note
For purposes other than regulatory uses the measurement value should be compared to a stated reference value.4 PrincipleA sample stream of the gas is extracted from the main gas stream at representative sampling points for ameasured period of time, with an isokinetically controlled flow rate and a measured volume. The dust entrained inthe gas sample is separated by a pre-weighed plane filter, which is then dried and re-weighed. Deposits upstreamof the filter in the sampling equipment are also recovered and weighed. The increase of mass of the filter and thedeposited mass upstream the filter are attributed to dust collected from the sampled gas, which allows the dustconcentration to be calculated.Two different configurations of the sampling equipment may be used depending on the characteristics of gases tobe sampled (see 6.2.2).Valid measurements can be achieved only when:a) the gas stream in the duct at the sampling location has a sufficiently homogeneous and steady velocityprofile (see 5.2);b) sampling is carried out without disturbance of the gas stream with a sharp edged nozzle facing into the streamunder isokinetic conditions;c) samples are taken at a pre-selected number of stated positions in the sampling plane, to allow for a non uniformdistribution of dust in the duct;d) the sampling train is designed and operated to avoid condensation, chemical reactions and to minimise dustdeposits upstream of the filter and to be leak free;e) dust deposits upstream of the filter are taken into account;f) the overall blank value does not exceed 10 % of the daily limit value set for the process;SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)9g) the sampling and weighing procedures are adapted to the expected dust quantities.5 Sampling plane and sampling points5.1 GeneralSampling is only possible when a suitable location is available, with sufficiently high and homogeneous gas velocityat the sampling plane.The sampling plane shall be easily reached from convenient access ports and a safe working platform (seeannex A).Sampling shall be carried out at a sufficient number of sampling points located on the sampling plane.5.2 Sampling planeThe sampling plane shall be situated in a length of straight duct, (preferably vertical) and with constant shape andcross-sectional area. Where possible, the sampling plane shall be as far downstream and upstream from anydisturbance, which could produce a change in direction of flow (e.g. disturbances can be caused by bends, fans orpartially closed dampers).Measurements at all the sampling points defined in 5.3 and annex C shall prove that the gas stream at the samplingplane meets the following requirements:a) angle of gas flow less than 15° with regard to duct axis (method for determination is indicated in annex B);b) no local negative flow;c) minimum velocity depending on the flow rate measuring method used (for Pitot tubes a differential pressurelarger than 5 Pa);d) ratio of the highest to lowest local gas velocities less than 3:1.If the above requirements cannot be met, the sampling location is not in compliance with this European Standard(see 10.2).NOTEThe above requirements are generally fulfilled in sections of duct with at least five hydraulic diameters of straight ductupstream of the sampling plane and two hydraulic diameters downstream (five hydraulic diameters form the top of a stack.Therefore, it is strongly recommended to design sampling locations accordingly.5.3 Minimum number and location of sampling pointsThe dimensions of the sampling plane dictate the minimum number of sampling points. This number increases asthe duct dimensions increase.Tables 1 and 2 give the minimum number of sampling points to be used for circular and rectangular ductsrespectively. The sampling points to be used shall be located at the centre of equal areas in the sampling plane(see Annex C).Sampling points shall be located either more than 3 % of the sampling line length or more than 5 cm whichever isthe greater value from the inner duct wall. This may arise when selecting more than the minimum numbers ofsampling points presented in Tables 1 and 2, for example in cases of unusual duct shape.NOTEWhen the requirements for the sampling plane (see 5.2) cannot be met it may be possible to improve representativesampling by increasing the number of sampling points above those specified in Tables 1 and 2.SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)10Table 1 — Minimum number of sampling points for circular ductsRange of samplingplane areasRange of ductsdiametersMinimum number of sampling lines(diameters)Minimum number ofsampling points perplanem2m< 0,1< 0,35–1 a0,1 to 1,00,35 to 1,1241,1 to 2,01,1 to 1,628> 2,0> 1,62at least 12and 4 per m2 baUsing only one sampling point may give rise to errors greater than those specified in this standard.bFor large ducts, a number of 20 sampling points is generally sufficient.Table 2 — Minimum number of sampling points for rectangular ductsRange of sampling planeareasMinimum number of sidedivisions aMinimum number ofsampling pointsm2< 0,1-1 b0,1 to 1,0241,1 to 2,039> 2,03at least 12and 4 per m2 caOther side divisions may be necessary, for example if the longest duct side length ismore than twice the length of the shortest side (see C.3).bUsing only one sampling point may give rise to errors greater than those specified inthis standard.cFor large ducts, a number of 20 sampling points is generally sufficient.5.4 Access ports and working platformPorts shall be provided for access to the sampling points selected in accordance with 5.3 and annex C.The port dimensions shall allow sufficient space for insertion and withdrawal of the sampling equipment. A minimumdiameter of 125 mm or a surface area of 100 mm x 250 mm are recommended, except for small ducts (less than0,7 m diameter) for which the port size needs to be smaller.Two examples of suitable access ports are given in annex D.For safety and practical reasons, the working platform shall comply with the requirements of annex A.SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)116 Equipment and materials6.1 Gas velocity, temperature, pressure and composition measurement devicesVelocity measurements shall be carried out using standardised type L Pitot tubes, as described in ISO 3966:1977,annex A. Alternatively, other measurement devices (e.g. type S Pitot tube) may also be used, provided that they arecalibrated against standardised Pitot tubes (see [5]).The temperature and the pressure in the duct shall be measured in order to calculate the actual density of the gaswithin ±0,05 kg/m3, also taking the gas composition into account.When expressing dust concentrations on a dry basis, and/or where the concentrations shall be expressed in relationto a reference oxygen concentration, humidity (moisture) and/or oxygen measurements shall be carried out in thevicinity of the sampling plane.6.2 Sampling equipment6.2.1The sampling train principally consists of:a) entry nozzle;b) filtration device;c) suction tube;d) gas pump;e) system for measurement of sampled gas volume at identified temperature and pressure;f) system for controlling isokinetic sampling conditions.6.2.2The filtration device is either located in the duct ("in-stack filtration") or placed outside the duct ("out-stackfiltration"):a) "in-stack" filtration devices (see Figure 3): the part of the tubing between nozzle and filter – should be very short,thereby minimising dust deposits upstream of the filter. Due to available access port dimensions on ducts, thefilter diameter is then typically limited to 50 mm, with a sample flow rate of approximately 1 m3/h to 3 m3/h. Sincethe filtration temperature is generally identical to that of the gas in the duct, filter clogging may occur if the stackgas contains water droplets. To allow access to all sampling points in the duct, a leak free rigid tube of sufficient length (support tube) is useddownstream of the filter housing for mechanical support of the nozzle and filter housing.b) "out-stack" filtration devices (see Figure 4): the part of tubing between the nozzle and the filter (suction tube)shall be of sufficient length to allow access to all sampling points in the duct. The suction tube and the filterholder shall be temperature controlled, which provides evaporation of possible water droplets or avoids filtrationdifficulties related to high acid dew point gases. Filter diameters between 50 mm and 150 mm are generallyused, with associate flow rate of 1 m3/h to 10 m3/h.SIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)12Key1Entry nozzle7Dynamic pressure measurement2Filter holder8Support tube („in stack“ device)3Pitot tube9Cooling and drying system4Temperature sensor10Suction unit and gas metering device5Temperature indicator11Pressure gauge6Static pressure measurementFigure 3 — Example of "in-stack" filter sampling systemSIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)13Key1Entry nozzle7Dynamic pressure measurement2Filter holder8Suction tube („out-stack“ device)3Pitot tube9Cooling and drying system4Temperature sensor10Suction unit and gas metering device (see Figure 5)5Temperature indicator11Pressure gauge6Static pressure measurementFigure 4 — Example of "out-stack" filter sampling systemSIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)14Key10aShut off valve10gOrifice plate10bAdjustment valve10hHeated diaphragm10cPump10iCompressed air ejector10dFlow meter11Pressure gauge10eDry gas volume meter12Dry gas10fTemperature indicator13Wet gasFigure 5 — Examples of suction unit and gas metering devicesSIST EN 13284-1:2002
EN 13284-1:2001 (E)156.2.3The sampling parts of the system have to be made of corrosion resistant and, if necessary, heat resistantmaterial, e.g. stainless steel, titanium, quartz or glass.NOTEIf further analysis of collected dust is to be performed, materials in contact with the sample gas and the filter should befit for purpose to avoid contamination.The surfaces of parts upstream the filter shall be smooth and well polished and the number of joints shall be kept toa minimum.Any changes in bore diameter shall be smoothly tapered and not stepped.The sampling equipment shall also be designed in order to facilitate the cleaning of internal parts upstream the filter.All parts of the equipment which come in contact with the sample shall be protected from contamination duringhandling, transportation, etc.6.2.4Entry nozzleThe sample gas stream to be measured ente
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.