SIST EN 303 447 V1.3.1:2022
(Main)Short Range Devices (SRD) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum - Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Short Range Devices (SRD) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum - Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz.
The present document covers the following RMI systems:
• RMI1 systems: RMI systems without receive only mode
• RMI2 systems: RMI systems with receive only mode
NOTE 1: In RMI1 systems the robotic mower is not able to restart automatically if the boundary signal comes back
after the loss of the boundary signal (safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3), while in RMI2 systems the robotic
mower is able to restart automatically after the boundary signal is back. This differentiation has been
introduced to cover receiver spurious emissions for RMI2 systems.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 3: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega spektra - Sistemi z indukcijsko zanko za robotske kosilnice, ki delujejo v frekvenčnem območju od 100 Hz do 148,5 kHz
Ta dokument določa tehnične lastnosti in merilne metode za robotske kosilnice s sistemi z indukcijsko zanko (RMI), ki delujejo v frekvenčnem območju od 100 Hz do 148,5 kHz.
Ta dokument obravnava naslednje sisteme z indukcijsko zanko:
• sistemi RMI1: sistemi RMI brez delovanja samo v načinu za sprejemanje;
• sistemi RMI2: sistemi RMI z delovanjem samo v načinu za sprejemanje.
OPOMBA 1: V sistemih RMI1 se robotska kosilnica ne more samodejno ponovno zagnati, če se po izgubi mejnega signala ta ponovno vzpostavi (varni način, glej klavzulo 4.2.2.3), medtem ko se v sistemih RMI2 robotska kosilnica lahko samodejno znova zažene, potem ko se ponovno vzpostavi mejni signal. To razlikovanje je bilo uvedeno, da bi se zajele neželene emisije sprejemnika za sisteme RMI2.
Ti tipi radijske opreme lahko delujejo v vseh frekvenčnih pasovih iz preglednice 1 ali njihovem delu.
Preglednica 1: Dovoljeno območje delovanja
Dovoljeno območje delovanja
Oddajanje od 100 Hz do 148,5 kHz
Sprejemanje od 100 Hz do 148,5 kHz
OPOMBA: Priporočljivo je upoštevati, da je frekvenčno območje med 9 kHz
in 148,5 kHz harmonizirano za celotno EU za induktivne naprave kratkega dosega
v skladu s sklepom Komisije 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
OPOMBA 2: Razmerje med tem dokumentom in bistvenimi zahtevami člena 3.2 Direktive 2014/53/EU [i.3] je podano v dodatku A.
Ta dokument zajema samo sisteme RMI z velikostjo antene, manjšo od 1,67 km, glej CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], dodatek 9.
OPOMBA 3: Velikost antene je opisana z razdaljo med točkama na anteni, med katerima je razdalja največja (npr. pri pravokotni anteni največja diagonala; pri krožni anteni premer).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG28-552
Keywords
harmonised standard, inductive, measurement,
radio
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3 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Environmental profile . 11
4.2 General . 11
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria . 11
4.2.2 RMI modes . 11
4.2.2.1 General . 11
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes . 11
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode . 12
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements . 12
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR) . 12
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.3.1.2 Description . 12
4.3.1.3 Limits . 13
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements . 13
4.3.2.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.2.2 Description . 13
4.3.2.3 Limits . 13
4.3.2.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emis sions . 13
4.3.3.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.3.2 Description . 14
4.3.3.3 Limits . 14
4.3.3.4 Conformance . 15
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions . 15
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 15
4.3.4.2 Description . 15
4.3.4.3 Limits . 15
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 15
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements . 15
4.4.1 Introduction. 15
4.4.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 15
4.4.2.1 Applicability. 15
4.4.2.2 Description . 16
4.4.2.3 Limits . 16
4.4.2.4 Conformance . 16
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 16
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.3.2 Description . 16
4.4.3.3 Limits . 16
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 16
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4 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 17
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 17
5.2 General conditions for testing . 17
5.3 Artificial antenna . 17
5.4 Measuring receiver . 17
6 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitters and receivers . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Transmitter conformance methods . 18
6.2.1 OFR . 18
6.2.2 H-field . 19
6.2.3 Transmitter unwanted emissions (spurious and OOB emissions) . 20
6.3 Receiver conformance methods . 20
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 20
6.3.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 20
6.3.2.1 General . 20
6.3.2.2 Receiver-Baseline Sensitivity Test . 22
6.3.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 22
6.3.3.1 General . 22
6.3.3.2 Test 1: if robotic mower can handle a lost signal . 22
6.3.3.3 Test 2: if robotic mower can handle a passage of the boundary wire . 24
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 26
Annex B (normative): Test sites and procedures . 27
B.1 Boundary and dependent guidance loops . 27
B.1.1 Artificial antenna for conducted measurements below 30 MHz . 27
B.1.2 General setup and measurement procedure for the current measurement with artificial antenna . 29
B.1.3 Differential mode measurement . 30
B.1.4 Common mode measurement . 31
B.1.5 The reference test garden. 31
B.2 Radiated measurements using anechoic chamber or open area test site . 31
Annex C (informative): Justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 33
C.1 Justification Receiver unwanted emissions . 33
C.2 Justification for other RX-requirements . 33
Annex D (informative): TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz . 35
Annex E (informative): Change history . 36
History . 37
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5 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote
phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.6] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.3].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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6 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Introduction
The present document covers Robotic Mowers with Inductive loop systems (RMI) using the frequency range below
148,5 kHz. An RMI system includes:
• RMI docking station: charging stations for the robotic mower and the signal generator/antenna connecting
point for the signals on the integral antenna and boundary wire.
• Robotic Mower: receiving part inside the RMI.
• Boundary Wire: user installed antenna.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clauses 1 through 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document
and the definitions, symbols and abbreviations used.
• Clause 4 provides the technical requirements specifications, limits and conformance relative to transmitter and
receiver.
• Clause 5 specifies the conditions and information for testing of the equipment and interpretation of the
measurement results.
• Clause 6 specifies the required measurement methods.
• Annex A (informative) provides the relationship between the present document and the essential requirements
of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].
• Annex B (normative) provides necessary information on used test sites and procedures.
• Annex C (informative) provides the justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 [i.5].
• Annex D (informative) provides information on TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz.
• Annex E (informative) provides information on Change history.
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7 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) below 148,5 kHz.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 1: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 2: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (02-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
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8 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] EC Decision 2017/1483/EU: "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of
8 August 2017 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use
by short-range devices and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC".
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.7] EGMF Robotic Mowers Boundary Wire Standard RLM003-1.1/2016.
[i.8] EN 50636-2-107:2015: "Safety of household and similar appliances - Part 2-107: Particular
requirements for robotic battery powered electrical lawnmowers", produced by CENELEC.
[i.9] ETSI EN 303 348: "Induction loop systems intended to assist the hearing impaired in the
frequency range 10 Hz to 9 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.10] ETSI EN 303 454 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Metal and object detection sensors in
the frequency range 1 kHz to 148,5 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] Directive 2006/42/EC or the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on
machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
[i.12] Void.
[i.13] EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
- Measuring apparatus", produced by CENELEC.
[i.14] ETSI TS 103 567 (V1.1.1): "Requirements on signal interferer handling".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated
electromagnetic fields".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
99 % OBW function: measurement function of a spectrum analyser to measure the OBW
antenna: integral antenna, boundary loop, and/or guidance loop (both dependent and independent) which are used in
the RMI
NOTE 1: The inductive wire loops are installed dependent from the shape of the garden.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
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9 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
boundary loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE 1: It can be implemented as a single or multiple turn coil installed by the user in accordance with instruction
from the manufacturer for the purpose of generating magnetic fields to determine the working area.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
dependent guidance loop: guidance loop which is connected to boundary loop (e.g. via a T-junction) and the RMI
docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
guidance loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
inductive loop: electrical loop either wire or coil, where current is fed in order to generate a magnetic field intended for
guidance and/or communication with the robotic mower
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the RMI docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral receiving antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the robotic mower
Occupied BandWidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency
limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE: To clarify Occupied BandWidth (OBW), see figure 1.
Figure 1: Occupied BandWidth (OBW)
RMI docking station: charging station for the robotic mower and the signal generator for the inductive loop(s) and, if
applicable, integral antenna(s)
NOTE: The RMI docking station can be seen as the signal generator/antenna connecting point. In addition, it is
the automatic battery charging facility located on or within the working area.
robotic mower: mobile part of the RMI including cutting means
NOTE: It is the receiving part inside the RMI.
Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system (RMI): system that include robotic mower, power supply, docking
station, and inductive loop(s)
working area: area in which the RMI can function
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10 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Figure 2: Overview of an RMI system, including the different possible antenna/loops
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
C filtering capacitors of the artificial antenna
A
f centre frequency of the OFR
C
f highest frequency of the OFR
H
f lowest frequency of the OFR
L
f higher frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SH
f lower frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SL
I Common mode current
CM
I Differential mode current
DM
L inductive part of the artificial antenna
A
R low frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
A
R common mode resistive part of the artificial antenna
C
R high frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
D
t sweept time for TX measurement
SWT
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
CM Common Mode
DM Differential Mode
EGMF European Garden Machinery industry Federation
IHR Interferer Handling Requirements
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OFR Operating Frequency Range
OOB Out Of Band
RMI Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
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11 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational
environmental profile defined by its intended use.
4.2 General
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria
In general, the robotic mower shall stay in its current operational mode (see clause 4.2.2.2), this is the wanted technical
performance criteria of the RMI system.
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the RMI shall be able to handle two interference scenarios:
• Scenario 1: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect a loss of the
boundary loop signal (see clause 6.3.3.2).
• If the mower detects the loss of boundary signal, it shall react in the same way as required within the "safe
mode" (see clause 4.2.2.3). The loss of the boundary loop signal can be based on, but not limited to, switching
off the boundary loop signal, disconnection of the boundary loop, or blocking of the receiver within the
mower.
• Scenario 2: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect the passage of
the boundary wire (see clause 6.3.3.3).
4.2.2 RMI modes
4.2.2.1 General
In this clause all general considerations for the testing of the inductive parts for the RMI in the frequency range from
100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are given.
Modes being part of an RMI are explained in the following clauses.
The manufacturer shall provide information (e.g. installation requirements), number and kind of antennas used by the
RMI (e.g. boundary loop(s), guidance loop(s), integral antenna(s), etc.), see figure 2. A RMI is fabricated by one
manufacturer. There is no option to swap e.g. a mower to another boundary installation. Based on the general nature
(TX and RX) of an RMI, covered by the present document, the RMI shall be tested as a system.
The test set-up of the different modes shall be performed as described in clause 6.1 and Annex B.
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes
Operational modes of an RMI are when the robotic mower is travelling around, mowing grass, returning to the docking
station and charging the battery in the docking station.
During the operational modes different combinations of the RMI antennas are active.
The test shall be performed for each active antenna in each operational mode, unless the transmitting signal to the same
antenna is identical over different modes, the test of the active antenna shall be performed only once.
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12 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode
If the robotic mower does not receive its boundary signal adequately, the robotic mower switches into safe mode. This
loss of signal may either be caused by a stop of the signal generation or by interference.
The safe mode is indicated that after a loss of signal the robotic mower does not travel more than 1 m and the cutting
means stops within 5 seconds, see EN 50636-2-107 [i.8], clause 22.104.2.
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each RMI submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
To simplify and harmonise the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clause 4.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1].
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating frequency range is the frequency range over which the RMI is transmitting. The operating frequency
range of the RMI is determined by the lowest (f ) and highest frequency (f ):
L H
OFR = f -f
H L
An RMI can have more than one operating frequency range (relating to the operational modes and antennas of the RMI
system, see clause 4.2.2).
For a single frequency system the OFR is equal to the Occupied BandWidth (OBW) of the RMI system as described in
figure 3.
Figure 3: Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
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13 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
4.3.1.3 Limits
The operating frequency range for intentional emissions shall be within the following limits:
≤ 148,5 kHz.
• Upper edge of the operating frequency range: f
H
• Lower edge of the operating frequency range: f ≥ 100 Hz.
L
For the spurious and OOB emission measurement procedures in clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 the OFR shall be calculated as:
f - f and the centre frequency as:
H L
=
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operational frequency range shall be as defined in clause 6.1 (table 7).
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements
4.3.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
4.3.2.2 Description
The radiated H-field is defined in the direction of maximum field strength of the RMI.
4.3.2.3 Limits
The H-field limits for the bands 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are provided in table 2.
Table 2: H-field limits between 0,1 kHz and 148,5 kHz
Frequency range (kHz)
H-field strength limit (H ) dBμA/m at 10 m
f
0,1 ≤ f < 9
72 descending 10 dB/dec above 0,03 MHz
9 ≤ f < 60
60 ≤ f < 90 42
90 ≤ f < 119
119 ≤ f < 135
135 ≤ f < 140
140 ≤ f < 148,5 37,7
NOTE: For the range 0,1 kHz to 9 kHz the limit is in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1],
Annex 9.
For the range 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz it is in line with EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
4.3.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter H-field requirements shall be as defined in clause 6.1 (table 7).
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions
4.3.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
ETSI
14 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
4.3.3.2 Description
The transmitter spurious emissions for a single frequency system are to be considered in frequency ranges defined in
figure 3 (f < f and f > f ).
SL SH
Figure 4: Out of band and spurious domain of a single frequency system
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SH
1) For systems with f ≤ 9 kHz: f shall be set to 27 kHz.
H SH
2) For systems with f > 9 kHz: f is the smallest of:
H SH
- f = f + 2,5 × OFR; or
C
- f = 148,5 kHz.
NOTE 1: f under number 1) above was calculated based on an assumed f of 4,5 kHz and OBW of 9 kHz.
SH C
NOTE 2: Bullet two of number 2) above ensures that the spurious limits of CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4] applies
above 148,5 kHz.
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SL
1) For systems with calculated f < 100 Hz: f is set to 100 Hz.
SL SL
2) The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and figure 4 for
SL SH
the calculation.
4.3.3.3 Limits
The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 3.
ETSI
15 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
Table 3: TX spurious emissions
State 100 Hz ≤ f < 10 MHz 10 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Operating -36 dBm
46,5 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -3,5 dBμA/m
100 Hz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Standby -57 dBm
25 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -22 dBμA/m
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, based on an EC request. ETSI
proposed the limits to ECC to be implemented in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], for more details see Annex D
of the present document.
NOTE 2: For the frequency range above 9 kHz: the limits are in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], Annex 2.
4.3.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter spurious emissions shall be as defined in clause 6.1 (table 7).
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
4.3.4.2 Description
The transmitter out of band emissions are to be considered in frequency ranges defined in figure 4 (between f and f
SL L
and between f and f ).
H SH
The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and clause 4.3.3.2,
SL SH
figure 4 for the calculation.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The OOB limits are visualized in figure 4 (clause 4.3.3.2); they are descending from the limits from table 2 at f /f with
H L
10 dB/decade.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Transmitter out of band emissions is provided in clause 6.1 (table 7).
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements
4.4.1 Introduction
The justification for the RX-requirements of RMI is provided in Annex C. The receiver concept on signal interferer
handling in ETSI TS 103 567 [i.14] is used. The specific RMI justification for the receiver requirements is provided:
• For receiver unwanted emissions, see clause C.1.
• For Receiver Baseline Sensitivity and Receiver Baseline Resilience, see clause C.2.
4.4.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity
4.4.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
ETSI
16 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
4.4.2.2 Description
The robotic mower is running "trough" the test garden (see clause B.1.5) without switching into a safe mode. The
largest distance to the boundary wire will happen if the mower is in the middle to the test set-up, see clause 6.3.2,
figures 5 and 6 and related parameter for an artificial antenna in clause B.1.1.
4.4.2.3 Limits
The robotic mower has to run longer than 60 seconds without switching into the safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3.
4.4.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Receiver Baseline Sensitivity shall be as defined in clause 6.1 (table 7).
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience
4.4.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI.
4.4.3.2 Description
Receiver Baseline Resilience is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal without
exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequencies other than those of
the receiver spurious responses.
The test shall be in the operational mode (real scenario, see clause 4.2.2.2).
The RMI shall achieve the wanted technical performance criteria, see clause 4.2.1, in the presence of the interfering
signal.
4.4.3.3 Limits
The Receiver Baseline Resilience limits in table 4 shall be fulfilled.
Table 4: Receiver Baseline Resilience requirements
In-band signal OOB signal Remote-band signal
Frequency f = fc f = fc ± OFR f = fc ± 10 × OFR
Interferer signal 98 dBµA/m - 20log10 (f/10 kHz) 98 dBµA/m - 20log10 (f/10 kHz) 98 dBµA/m - 20log10 (f/10 kHz)
level
Kind of CW CW CW
interferer signal
NOTE: The industry standard for RMI (Source: EGMF [i.7]) proposes that robotic mower installations should never
be closer than 1 meter and the RMS current in the wire should never exceed 500 mA. When an interfering
standard garden is located at a distance of 1 m with long side to long side the H field from a 500 mA current
will be 98 dBuA/m (or 100 nT for B-field). Robotic mowers use coils as antennas and the Electromagnetic
Force (EMF) generated in those antennas are proportional to the derivative of the signals. Therefore, when
doubling the frequency of the interfering signal the voltage generated in the antenna will also double. The
100 nT is therefore normalized to a state of the art value for robotic mower signal centre frequency of 10 kHz.
4.4.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Receiver Baseline Resilience shall be as defined in clause 6.1 (table 7).
ETSI
17 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.2.0 (2020-07)
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
operational environmental profile defined by its intended use.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile defined by its
intended use) to give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 General conditions for testing
Clause 5.3 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1] provides information on test conditions, power supply and ambient temperature.
ETSI TS 103 051 [i.15] provides additional information on measurement uncertainty.
5.3 Artificial antenna
The artificial antenna is described in clause B.1.1.
5.4 Measuring receiver
The term "measuring receiver" refers to a selective voltmeter, oscilloscope, a spectrum analyser or a measurement
instrument according to [i.13]. The resolution bandwidth and detector type of the measuring receiver are given in
tables 5 and 6.
Table 5: Resolution Bandwidth and detector type for magnetic field measurements
Frequency: (f) Detector type Resolution bandwidth
Peak 10 Hz
100 Hz ≤ f < 500 Hz
Peak 200 Hz
500 Hz ≤ f < 9 kHz
Quasi Peak 200 Hz
9 kHz ≤ f < 150 kHz
Quasi Peak 9 kHz
150 kHz ≤ f < 30 MHz
Quasi Peak 120 kHz
30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 000 MHz
Table 6: Resolution Bandwidth and detector type for spurious and OOB measurements [i.4]
Frequency: (f) Detector type Resolution bandwidth
RMS 10 Hz
100 Hz ≤ f < 500 Hz
RMS 100 Hz
500 Hz ≤
...
Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG28-552
Keywords
harmonised standard, inductive, measurement,
radio
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ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Environmental profile . 11
4.2 General . 11
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria . 11
4.2.2 RMI modes . 12
4.2.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes . 12
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode . 12
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements . 12
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR) . 12
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.3.1.2 Description . 13
4.3.1.3 Limits . 13
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements . 13
4.3.2.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.2.2 Description . 13
4.3.2.3 Limits . 14
4.3.2.4 Conformance . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emis sions . 14
4.3.3.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.3.2 Description . 14
4.3.3.3 Limits . 15
4.3.3.4 Conformance . 15
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions . 15
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 15
4.3.4.2 Description . 15
4.3.4.3 Limits . 16
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 16
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements . 16
4.4.1 Introduction. 16
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions . 16
4.4.2.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.2.2 Description . 16
4.4.2.3 Limits . 16
4.4.2.4 Conformance . 16
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 16
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.3.2 Description . 17
4.4.3.3 Limits . 17
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 17
ETSI
4 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
4.4.4 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 17
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.4.2 Description . 17
4.4.4.3 Limits . 17
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 17
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 18
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 18
5.2 General conditions for testing . 18
5.3 Artificial antenna . 18
5.4 Measuring receiver . 18
6 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitters and receivers . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Transmitter conformance methods . 19
6.2.1 OFR . 19
6.2.2 H-field . 20
6.2.3 Transmitter unwanted emissions (spurious and OOB emissions) . 21
6.3 Receiver conformance methods . 21
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 21
6.3.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 22
6.3.2.1 General . 22
6.3.2.2 Receiver-Baseline Sensitivity Test . 23
6.3.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 23
6.3.3.1 General . 23
6.3.3.2 Test 1: to test that the robotic mower can handle a lost signal . 24
6.3.3.3 Test 2: to test that the robotic mower can handle a passage of the boundary wire . 25
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 27
Annex B (normative): Test sites and procedures . 29
B.1 Boundary and dependent guidance loops . 29
B.1.1 Artificial antenna for conducted measurements below 30 MHz . 29
B.1.2 General setup and measurement procedure for the current measurement with artificial antenna . 31
B.1.3 Differential mode measurement . 32
B.1.4 Common mode measurement . 33
B.1.5 The reference test garden. 33
B.1.6 Test setup for verification artificial antenna . 33
B.1.6.1 General . 33
B.1.6.2 For Differential Mode Impedance verification . 34
B.1.6.3 For Common Mode Impedance verification . 34
B.2 Radiated measurements using anechoic chamber or open area test site . 35
B.2.1 General . 35
B.2.2 . Radiated emission measurements < 30
MHz . 36
B.2.3 Radiated emission measurements 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. 36
Annex C (informative): Justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 37
C.1 Justification for other RX-requirements . 37
Annex D (informative): TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz . 39
Annex E (informative): Change history . 40
History . 41
ETSI
5 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote
phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.6] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.3].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
ETSI
6 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document covers Robotic Mowers with Inductive loop systems (RMI) using the frequency range below
148,5 kHz. An RMI system includes:
• RMI docking station: charging stations for the robotic mower and the signal generator/antenna connecting
point for the signals on the integral antenna and boundary wire.
• Robotic Mower: receiving part inside the RMI.
• Boundary Wire: user installed antenna.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clauses 1, 2 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document
and the definitions, symbols and abbreviations used.
• Clause 4 provides the technical requirements specifications, limits and conformance relative to transmitter and
receiver.
• Clause 5 specifies the conditions and information for testing of the equipment and interpretation of the
measurement results.
• Clause 6 specifies the required measurement methods.
• Annex A (informative) provides the relationship between the present document and the essential requirements
of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].
• Annex B (normative) provides necessary information on used test sites and procedures.
• Annex C (informative) provides the justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 [i.5].
• Annex D (informative) provides information on TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz.
• Annex E (informative) provides information on Change history.
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) below 148,5 kHz.
The present document covers the following RMI systems:
• RMI1 systems: RMI systems without receive only mode of the robotic mower
• RMI2 systems: RMI systems with receive only mode of the robotic mower
NOTE 1: In RMI1 systems the robotic mower is not able to restart automatically if the boundary signal comes back
after the loss of the boundary signal (safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3), while in RMI2 systems the robotic
mower is able to restart automatically after the boundary signal is back. This differentiation has been
introduced to cover receiver spurious emisisons for RMI2 systems.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 3: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (02-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU".
ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] EC Decision 2017/1483/EU: "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of
8 August 2017 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use
by short-range devices and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC".
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.7] EGMF Robotic Mowers Boundary Wire Standard RLM003-1.1/2016.
[i.8] EN 50636-2-107:2015: "Safety of household and similar appliances - Part 2-107: Particular
requirements for robotic battery powered electrical lawnmowers", produced by CENELEC.
[i.9] Void.
[i.10] ETSI EN 303 454 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Metal and object detection sensors in
the frequency range 1 kHz to 148,5 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] Void.
[i.12] Void.
[i.13] EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
- Measuring apparatus", (produced by CENELEC).
[i.14] ETSI TS 103 567 (V1.1.1): "Requirements on signal interferer handling".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated
electromagnetic fields".
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
99 % OBW function: measurement function of a spectrum analyser to measure the OBW
antenna: integral antenna, boundary loop, and/or guidance loop (both dependent and independent) which are used in
the RMI
NOTE 1: The inductive wire loops are installed dependent from the shape of the garden.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
boundary loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE 1: It can be implemented as a single or multiple turn coil installed by the user in accordance with instruction
from the manufacturer for the purpose of generating magnetic fields to determine the working area.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
dependent guidance loop: guidance loop which is connected to boundary loop (e.g. via a T-junction) and the RMI
docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
guidance loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
inductive loop: all electrical loop either wire or coil, where current is fed in order to generate a magnetic field intended
for guidance and/or communication with the robotic mower
NOTE: In figure 2 different inductive loops are shown and named based on their function within the RMI system,
e.g boundary loop, guidance loop.
integral antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the RMI docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral receiving antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the robotic mower
Occupied BandWidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency
limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE: To clarify Occupied BandWidth (OBW), see figure 1.
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
Figure 1: Occupied BandWidth (OBW)
RMI docking station: charging station for the robotic mower and the signal generator for the inductive loop(s) and, if
applicable, integral antenna(s)
NOTE: The RMI docking station can be seen as the signal generator/antenna connecting point. In addition, it is
the automatic battery charging facility located on or within the working area.
robotic mower: mobile part of the RMI including cutting means
NOTE: It is the receiving part inside the RMI.
Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system (RMI): system that includes robotic mower, power supply, docking
station, and inductive loop(s)
working area: area in which the RMI can function
Figure 2: Overview of an RMI system, including the different possible antenna/loops
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
C filtering capacitors of the artificial antenna
A
f centre frequency of the OFR
C
f highest frequency of the OFR
H
f lowest frequency of the OFR
L
f higher frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SH
f lower frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SL
I Common mode current
CM
I Differential mode current
DM
L inductive part of the artificial antenna
A
R low frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
A
R common mode resistive part of the artificial antenna
C
R high frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
D
t sweept time for TX measurement
SWT
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
CM Common Mode
DM Differential Mode
EGMF European Garden Machinery industry Federation
IHR Interferer Handling Requirements
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OFR Operating Frequency Range
OOB Out Of Band
RMI Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational
environmental profile defined by its intended use.
4.2 General
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria
In general, the robotic mower shall stay in its current operational mode (see clause 4.2.2.2), this is the wanted technical
performance criteria of the RMI system.
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the RMI shall be able to handle two interference scenarios:
• Scenario 1: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect a loss of the
boundary loop signal (see clause 6.3.3.2).
ETSI
12 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
• If the mower detects the loss of boundary signal, it shall react in the same way as required within the "safe
mode" (see clause 4.2.2.3). The loss of the boundary loop signal can be based on, but not limited to, switching
off the boundary loop signal, disconnection of the boundary loop, or blocking of the receiver within the
mower.
• Scenario 2: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect the passage of
the boundary wire (see clause 6.3.3.3).
4.2.2 RMI modes
4.2.2.1 General
In this clause all general considerations for the testing of the inductive parts for the RMI in the frequency range from
100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are given.
Modes being part of an RMI are explained in the following clauses.
The manufacturer shall provide information (e.g. installation requirements), number and kind of antennas used by the
RMI (e.g. boundary loop(s), guidance loop(s), integral antenna(s), etc.), see figure 2. A RMI is fabricated by one
manufacturer. There is no option to swap e.g. a mower to another boundary installation. Based on the general nature
(TX and RX) of an RMI, covered by the present document, the RMI shall be tested as a system.
The test set-up of the different modes shall be performed as described in clause 6.1 and Annex B.
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes
Operational modes of an RMI are when the robotic mower is travelling around, mowing grass, returning to the docking
station and charging the battery in the docking station.
During the operational modes different combinations of the RMI antennas are active.
The test shall be performed for each active antenna in each operational mode, unless the transmitting signal to the same
antenna is identical over different modes, the test of the active antenna shall be performed only once.
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode
If the robotic mower does not receive its boundary signal adequately, the robotic mower switches into safe mode. This
loss of signal may either be caused by a stop of the signal generation or by interference.
The safe mode is indicated that after a loss of signal the robotic mower does not travel more than 1 m and the cutting
means stops within 5 seconds, see EN 50636-2-107 [i.8], clause 22.104.2.
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each RMI submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
To simplify and harmonise the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clause 4.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1].
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
ETSI
13 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating frequency range is the frequency range over which the RMI is transmitting. The operating frequency
range of the RMI is determined by the lowest (f ) and highest frequency (f ):
L H
OFR = f - f
H L
An RMI can have more than one operating frequency range (relating to the operational modes and antennas of the RMI
system, see clause 4.2.2).
For a single frequency system the OFR is equal to the Occupied BandWidth (OBW) of the RMI system as described in
figure 3.
Figure 3: Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.3 Limits
The operating frequency range for intentional emissions shall be within the following limits:
• Upper edge of the operating frequency range: f ≤ 148,5 kHz.
H
• Lower edge of the operating frequency range: f ≥ 100 Hz.
L
For the spurious and OOB emission measurement procedures in clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 the OFR shall be calculated as:
f - f and the centre frequency as:
H L
� ��
� �
� =
�
�
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operational frequency range shall be as defined in clause 6.2.1.
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements
4.3.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.2.2 Description
The radiated H-field is defined in the direction of maximum field strength of the RMI.
ETSI
14 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
4.3.2.3 Limits
The H-field limits for the bands 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are provided in table 2.
Table 2: H-field limits between 0,1 kHz and 148,5 kHz
Frequency range (kHz) H-field strength limit (H ) dBμA/m at 10 m
f
0,1 ≤ f < 9 82
72 descending 10 dB/dec above 0,03 MHz
9 ≤ f < 60
60 ≤ f < 90
90 ≤ f < 119
119 ≤ f < 135 42
135 ≤ f < 140
37,7
140 ≤ f < 148,5
NOTE: For the range 0,1 kHz to 9 kHz the limit is in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1],
Annex 9.
For the range 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz it is in line with EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
4.3.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter H-field requirements shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions
4.3.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.3.2 Description
The transmitter spurious emissions for a single frequency system are to be considered in frequency ranges defined in
figure 3 (f < f and f > f ).
SL SH
Figure 4: Out of band and spurious domain of a single frequency system
ETSI
15 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SH
1) For systems with f ≤ 9 kHz: f shall be set to 27 kHz.
H SH
2) For systems with f > 9 kHz: f is the smallest of:
H SH
- f = f + 2,5 × OFR; or
C
- f = 148,5 kHz.
NOTE 1: f under number 1) above was calculated based on an assumed f of 4,5 kHz and OBW of 9 kHz.
SH C
NOTE 2: Bullet two of number 2) above ensures that the spurious limits of CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4] applies
above 148,5 kHz.
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SL
1) For systems with calculated f < 100 Hz: f is set to 100 Hz.
SL SL
2) The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and figure 4 for
SL SH
the calculation.
4.3.3.3 Limits
The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 3.
Table 3: TX spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 10 MHz 10 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Operating 46,5 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -3,5 dBμA/m -36 dBm
(note 3) (note 3) (note 4)
100 Hz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Standby -57 dBm
25 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -22 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, based on an EC request. ETSI
proposed the limits to ECC to be implemented in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], for more details see Annex D
of the present document.
NOTE 2: For the frequency range above 9 kHz: the limits are in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], Annex 2.
NOTE 3: The limit is specified at a distance of 10 m.
NOTE 4: The limit is specified as e.r.p.
4.3.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter spurious emissions shall be as defined in clause 6.2.3.
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.4.2 Description
The transmitter out of band emissions are to be considered in frequency ranges defined in figure 4 (between f and f
SL L
and between f and f ).
H SH
The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and clause 4.3.3.2, figure 4
SL SH
for the calculation.
ETSI
16 Draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.0 (2021-09)
4.3.4.3 Limits
The OOB limits are visualized in figure 4 (clause 4.3.3.2); they are descending from the limits from table 2 at f / f with
H L
10 dB/decade.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Transmitter out of band emissions is provided in clause 6.2.3.
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements
4.4.1 Introduction
The justification for the RX-requirements of RMI is provided in Annex C. The receiver concept on signal interferer
handling in ETSI TS 103 567 [i.14] is used. The specific RMI justification for the receiver requirements is provided:
• For Receiver Baseline Sensitivity and Receiver Baseline Resilience, see clause C.1.
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions
4.4.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies only to RMI2 systems.
4.4.2.2 Description
The receiver spurious emissions of the RMI system is in the receive only mode, e.g. if the mower is in sleep/standstill
mode after the loss of the boundary signal.
4.4.2.3 Limits
The receiver spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 4a.
Table 4a: Receiver spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 9 kHz 9 kHz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
(note 1) MHz
Operating 5,5 dBµA/m -57 dBm
5,5 dBμA/m at 9 kHz -22 dBμA/m
(note 4)
descending 3 dB/oct (note 3)
(note 3)
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], there
are no limits proposed. See similar information in table 3
NOTE 2: For the frequency range ab
...
Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum; Inductive
loop systems for robotic mowers operating within the
frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
2 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG28-552
Keywords
harmonised standard, inductive, measurement,
radio
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Environmental profile . 11
4.2 General . 11
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria . 11
4.2.2 RMI modes . 12
4.2.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes . 12
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode . 12
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements . 12
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR) . 12
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.3.1.2 Description . 13
4.3.1.3 Limits . 13
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements . 13
4.3.2.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.2.2 Description . 13
4.3.2.3 Limits . 14
4.3.2.4 Conformance . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions . 14
4.3.3.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.3.2 Description . 14
4.3.3.3 Limits . 15
4.3.3.4 Conformance . 15
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions . 15
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 15
4.3.4.2 Description . 15
4.3.4.3 Limits . 16
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 16
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements . 16
4.4.1 Introduction. 16
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions . 16
4.4.2.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.2.2 Description . 16
4.4.2.3 Limits . 16
4.4.2.4 Conformance . 16
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 16
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.3.2 Description . 17
4.4.3.3 Limits . 17
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 17
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
4.4.4 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 17
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.4.2 Description . 17
4.4.4.3 Limits . 17
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 17
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 18
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 18
5.2 General conditions for testing . 18
5.3 Artificial antenna . 18
5.4 Measuring receiver . 18
5 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitters and receivers . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Transmitter conformance methods . 19
6.2.1 OFR . 19
6.2.2 H-field . 20
6.2.3 Transmitter unwanted emissions (spurious and OOB emissions) . 21
6.3 Receiver conformance methods . 21
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 21
6.3.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 22
6.3.2.1 General . 22
6.3.2.2 Receiver-Baseline Sensitivity Test . 23
6.3.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience (RBR) . 23
6.3.3.1 General . 23
6.3.3.2 RBR Test 1: to test that the robotic mower can handle a lost signal . 24
6.3.3.3 RBR Test 2: to test that the robotic mower can handle a passage of the boundary wire . 25
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 27
Annex B (normative): Test sites and procedures . 29
B.1 Boundary and dependent guidance loops . 29
B.1.1 Artificial antenna for conducted measurements below 30 MHz . 29
B.1.2 General setup and measurement procedure for the current measurement with artificial antenna . 31
B.1.3 Differential mode measurement . 32
B.1.4 Common mode measurement . 33
B.1.5 The reference test garden. 33
B.1.6 Test setup for verification artificial antenna . 33
B.1.6.1 General . 33
B.1.6.2 For Differential Mode Impedance verification . 34
B.1.6.3 For Common Mode Impedance verification . 34
B.2 Radiated measurements using anechoic chamber or open area test site . 35
B.2.1 General . 35
B.2.2 Radiated emission measurements < 30 MHz . 35
B.2.3 Radiated emission measurements 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. 36
Annex C (informative): Justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 37
C.1 Justification for other RX-requirements . 37
Annex D (informative): TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz . 39
Annex E (informative): Change history . 40
History . 41
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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Foreword
This final draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.6] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.3].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
ETSI
6 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document covers Robotic Mowers with Inductive loop systems (RMI) using the frequency range below
148,5 kHz. An RMI system includes:
• RMI docking station: charging stations for the robotic mower and the signal generator/antenna connecting
point for the signals on the integral antenna and boundary wire.
• Robotic Mower: receiving part inside the RMI.
• Boundary Wire: user installed antenna.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clauses 1, 2 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document
and the definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations used.
• Clause 4 provides the technical requirements specifications, limits and conformance relative to transmitter and
receiver.
• Clause 5 specifies the conditions and information for testing of the equipment and interpretation of the
measurement results.
• Clause 6 specifies the required measurement methods.
• Annex A (informative) provides the relationship between the present document and the essential requirements
of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].
• Annex B (normative) provides necessary information on used test sites and procedures.
• Annex C (informative) provides the justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 [i.5].
• Annex D (informative) provides information on TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz.
• Annex E (informative) provides information on Change history.
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz.
The present document covers the following RMI systems:
• RMI1 systems: RMI systems without receive only mode
• RMI2 systems: RMI systems with receive only mode
NOTE 1: In RMI1 systems the robotic mower is not able to restart automatically if the boundary signal comes back
after the loss of the boundary signal (safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3), while in RMI2 systems the robotic
mower is able to restart automatically after the boundary signal is back. This differentiation has been
introduced to cover receiver spurious emissions for RMI2 systems.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 3: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (02-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision
2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing
Decision 2006/804/EC.
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.7] EGMF Robotic Mowers Boundary Wire Standard RLM003-1.1/2016.
[i.8] EN 50636-2-107:2015: "Safety of household and similar appliances - Part 2-107: Particular
requirements for robotic battery powered electrical lawnmowers", produced by CENELEC.
[i.9] Void.
[i.10] ETSI EN 303 454 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Metal and object detection sensors in
the frequency range 1 kHz to 148,5 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] Void.
[i.12] Void.
[i.13] EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
- Measuring apparatus", produced by CENELEC.
[i.14] ETSI TS 103 567 (V1.1.1): "Requirements on signal interferer handling".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
99 % OBW function: measurement function of a spectrum analyser to measure the OBW
antenna: integral antenna, boundary loop, and/or guidance loop (both dependent and independent) which are used in
the RMI
NOTE 1: The inductive wire loops are installed dependent from the shape of the garden.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
boundary loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE 1: It can be implemented as a single or multiple turn coil installed by the user in accordance with instruction
from the manufacturer for the purpose of generating magnetic fields to determine the working area.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
dependent guidance loop: guidance loop which is connected to boundary loop (e.g. via a T-junction) and the RMI
docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
guidance loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
inductive loop: all electrical loop either wire or coil, where current is fed in order to generate a magnetic field intended
for guidance and/or communication with the robotic mower
NOTE: In figure 2 different inductive loops are shown and named based on their function within the RMI system,
e.g. boundary loop, guidance loop.
integral antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the RMI docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral receiving antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the robotic mower
Occupied BandWidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency
limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE: To clarify Occupied BandWidth (OBW), see figure 1.
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
Figure 1: Occupied BandWidth (OBW)
RMI docking station: charging station for the robotic mower and the signal generator for the inductive loop(s) and, if
applicable, integral antenna(s)
NOTE: The RMI docking station can be seen as the signal generator/antenna connecting point. In addition, it is
the automatic battery charging facility located on or within the working area.
robotic mower: mobile part of the RMI including cutting means
NOTE: It is the receiving part inside the RMI.
Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system (RMI): system that includes robotic mower, power supply, docking
station, and inductive loop(s)
working area: area in which the RMI can function
Figure 2: Overview of an RMI system, including the different possible antenna/loops
ETSI
11 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
C filtering capacitors of the artificial antenna
A
f centre frequency of the OFR
C
f highest frequency of the OFR
H
f lowest frequency of the OFR
L
f higher frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SH
f lower frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SL
I common mode current
CM
I differential mode current
DM
L inductive part of the artificial antenna
A
R low frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
A
R common mode resistive part of the artificial antenna
C
R high frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
D
t sweept time for TX measurement
SWT
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
CM Common Mode
CW Continuous Wave
DM Differential Mode
EGMF European Garden Machinery industry Federation
IHR Interferer Handling Requirements
LO Local Oscillator
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OFR Operating Frequency Range
OOB Out Of Band
RBR Receiver Baseline Resilience
RMI Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational
environmental profile defined by its intended use.
4.2 General
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria
In general, the robotic mower shall stay in its current operational mode (see clause 4.2.2.2), this is the wanted technical
performance criteria of the RMI system.
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the RMI shall be able to handle two interference scenarios:
• Scenario 1: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect a loss of the
boundary loop signal (see clause 6.3.3.2).
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
• If the mower detects the loss of boundary signal, it shall react in the same way as required within the "safe
mode" (see clause 4.2.2.3). The loss of the boundary loop signal can be based on, but not limited to, switching
off the boundary loop signal, disconnection of the boundary loop, or blocking of the receiver within the
mower.
• Scenario 2: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect the passage of
the boundary wire (see clause 6.3.3.3).
4.2.2 RMI modes
4.2.2.1 General
In this clause all general considerations for the testing of the inductive parts for the RMI in the frequency range from
100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are given.
Modes being part of an RMI are explained in the following clauses.
The manufacturer shall provide information (e.g. installation requirements), number and kind of antennas used by the
RMI (e.g. boundary loop(s), guidance loop(s), integral antenna(s), etc.), see figure 2. A RMI is fabricated by one
manufacturer. There is no option to swap e.g. a mower to another boundary installation. Based on the general nature
(TX and RX) of an RMI, covered by the present document, the RMI shall be tested as a system.
The test set-up of the different modes shall be performed as described in clause 6.1 and Annex B.
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes
Operational modes of an RMI are when the robotic mower is travelling around, mowing grass, returning to the docking
station and charging the battery in the docking station.
During the operational modes different combinations of the RMI antennas are active.
The test shall be performed for each active antenna in each operational mode, unless the transmitting signal to the same
antenna is identical over different modes, the test of the active antenna shall be performed only once.
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode
If the robotic mower does not receive its boundary signal adequately, the robotic mower switches into safe mode. This
loss of signal may either be caused by a stop of the signal generation or by interference.
The safe mode is indicated that after a loss of signal the robotic mower does not travel more than 1 m and the cutting
means stops within 5 seconds, see EN 50636-2-107 [i.8], clause 22.104.2.
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each RMI submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
To simplify and harmonise the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clause 4.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1].
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
ETSI
13 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating frequency range is the frequency range over which the RMI is transmitting. The operating frequency
range of the RMI is determined by the lowest (f ) and highest frequency (f ):
L H
OFR = fH - fL
An RMI can have more than one operating frequency range (relating to the operational modes and antennas of the RMI
system, see clause 4.2.2).
For a single frequency system the OFR is equal to the Occupied BandWidth (OBW) of the RMI system as described in
figure 3.
Figure 3: Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.3 Limits
The operating frequency range for intentional emissions shall be within the following limits:
• Upper edge of the operating frequency range: f ≤ 148,5 kHz.
H
• Lower edge of the operating frequency range: f ≥ 100 Hz.
L
For the spurious and OOB emission measurement procedures in clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 the OFR shall be calculated as:
f - f
H L
and the centre frequency as:
� ��
� �
� =
�
�
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operational frequency range shall be as defined in clause 6.2.1.
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements
4.3.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.2.2 Description
The radiated H-field is defined in the direction of maximum field strength of the RMI.
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14 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
4.3.2.3 Limits
The H-field limits for the bands 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are provided in table 2.
Table 2: H-field limits between 0,1 kHz and 148,5 kHz
Frequency range (kHz)
H-field strength limit (H ) dBμA/m at 10 m
f
0,1 ≤ f < 9 82
9 ≤ f < 60 72 descending 10 dB/dec above 0,03 MHz
60 ≤ f < 90
90 ≤ f < 119
119 ≤ f < 135
135 ≤ f < 140 42
37,7
140 ≤ f < 148,5
NOTE: For the range 0,1 kHz to 9 kHz the limit is in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1],
Annex 9.
For the range 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz it is in line with EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
4.3.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter H-field requirements shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions
4.3.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.3.2 Description
The transmitter spurious emissions are to be considered in frequency ranges defined by f < f and f > f . For a single
SL SH
frequency system the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
Figure 4: Out of band and spurious domain of a single frequency system
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15 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SH
1) For systems with f ≤ 9 kHz: f shall be set to 27 kHz.
H SH
2) For systems with f > 9 kHz: f is the smallest of:
H SH
- f = f + 2,5 × OFR; or
C
- f = 148,5 kHz.
NOTE 1: f under number 1) above was calculated based on an assumed f of 4,5 kHz and OBW of 9 kHz.
SH C
NOTE 2: Bullet two of number 2) above ensures that the spurious limits of CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4] apply
above 148,5 kHz.
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SL
1) For systems with calculated f < 100 Hz: f is set to 100 Hz.
SL SL
2) The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and figure 4 for
SL SH
the calculation.
4.3.3.3 Limits
The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 3.
Table 3: TX spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 10 MHz 10 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Operating 46,5 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -3,5 dBμA/m -36 dBm
(note 3) (note 3) (note 4)
100 Hz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Standby -57 dBm
25 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -22 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, based on an EC request. ETSI
proposed the limits to ECC to be implemented in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], for more details see Annex D
of the present document.
NOTE 2: For the frequency range above 9 kHz: the limits are in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], Annex 2.
NOTE 3: The limit is specified at a distance of 10 m.
NOTE 4: The limit is specified as e.r.p.
4.3.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter spurious emissions shall be as defined in clause 6.2.3.
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.4.2 Description
The transmitter Out Of Band emissions are to be considered in the frequency ranges between f and f (f ≤ f < f ) and
SL L SL L
between f and f (f > f ≥ f ). For a single frequency system, the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
H SH H SH
The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and clause 4.3.3.2,
SL SH
figure 4 for the calculation.
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16 Final draft ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-04)
4.3.4.3 Limits
The OOB limits are visualized in figure 4 (clause 4.3.3.2); they are descending from the limits from table 2 at f / f with
H L
10 dB/decade.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Transmitter out of band emissions is provided in clause 6.2.3.
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements
4.4.1 Introduction
The justification for the RX-requirements of RMI is provided in Annex C. The receiver concept on signal interferer
handling in ETSI TS 103 567 [i.14] is used. The specific RMI justification for the receiver requirements is provided:
• For Receiver Baseline Sensitivity and Receiver Baseline Resilience, see clause C.1.
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions
4.4.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies only to RMI2 systems.
4.4.2.2 Description
The receiver spurious emissions of the RMI system is in the receive only mode, e.g. if the mower is in sleep/standstill
mode after the loss of the boundary signal.
4.4.2.3 Limits
The receiver spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 4a.
Table 4a: Receiver spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 9 kHz 9 kHz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
(note 1)
Operating 5,5 dBµA/m -57 dBm
5,5 dB
...
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum;
Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers operating
within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
2 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG28-552
Keywords
harmonised standard, inductive, measurement,
radio
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Environmental profile . 11
4.2 General . 11
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria . 11
4.2.2 RMI modes . 12
4.2.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes . 12
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode . 12
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements . 13
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR) . 13
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.1.2 Description . 13
4.3.1.3 Limits . 13
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements . 14
4.3.2.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.2.2 Description . 14
4.3.2.3 Limits . 14
4.3.2.4 Conformance . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions . 14
4.3.3.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.3.2 Description . 14
4.3.3.3 Limits . 15
4.3.3.4 Conformance . 16
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions . 16
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 16
4.3.4.2 Description . 16
4.3.4.3 Limits . 16
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 16
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements . 16
4.4.1 Introduction. 16
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions . 16
4.4.2.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.2.2 Description . 17
4.4.2.3 Limits . 17
4.4.2.4 Conformance . 17
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 17
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.3.2 Description . 17
4.4.3.3 Limits . 17
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.4.4 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 17
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.4.2 Description . 17
4.4.4.3 Limits . 18
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 18
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 18
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 18
5.2 General conditions for testing . 18
5.3 Artificial antenna . 18
5.4 Measuring receiver . 19
5 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitters and receivers . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Transmitter conformance methods . 20
6.2.1 OFR . 20
6.2.2 H-field . 21
6.2.3 Transmitter unwanted emissions (spurious and OOB emissions) . 21
6.3 Receiver conformance methods . 22
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 22
6.3.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 23
6.3.2.1 General . 23
6.3.2.2 Receiver-Baseline Sensitivity Test . 24
6.3.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience (RBR) . 24
6.3.3.1 General . 24
6.3.3.2 RBR Test 1: to test that the robotic mower can handle a lost signal . 25
6.3.3.3 RBR Test 2: to test that the robotic mower can handle a passage of the boundary wire . 26
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 28
Annex B (normative): Test sites and procedures . 30
B.1 Boundary and dependent guidance loops . 30
B.1.1 Artificial antenna for conducted measurements below 30 MHz . 30
B.1.2 General setup and measurement procedure for the current measurement with artificial antenna . 32
B.1.3 Differential mode measurement . 33
B.1.4 Common mode measurement . 34
B.1.5 The reference test garden. 34
B.1.6 Test setup for verification artificial antenna . 34
B.1.6.1 General . 34
B.1.6.2 For Differential Mode Impedance verification . 35
B.1.6.3 For Common Mode Impedance verification . 35
B.2 Radiated measurements using anechoic chamber or open area test site . 36
B.2.1 General . 36
B.2.2 Radiated emission measurements < 30 MHz . 36
B.2.3 Radiated emission measurements 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. 37
Annex C (informative): Justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 38
C.1 Justification for other RX-requirements . 38
Annex D (informative): TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz . 40
Annex E (informative): Change history . 41
History . 42
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the ®
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Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.6] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.3].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 27 June 2022
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2022
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2023
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2024
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document covers Robotic Mowers with Inductive loop systems (RMI) using the frequency range below
148,5 kHz. An RMI system includes:
• RMI docking station: charging stations for the robotic mower and the signal generator/antenna connecting
point for the signals on the integral antenna and boundary wire.
• Robotic Mower: receiving part inside the RMI.
• Boundary Wire: user installed antenna.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clauses 1, 2 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document
and the definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations used.
• Clause 4 provides the technical requirements specifications, limits and conformance relative to transmitter and
receiver.
• Clause 5 specifies the conditions and information for testing of the equipment and interpretation of the
measurement results.
• Clause 6 specifies the required measurement methods.
• Annex A (informative) provides the relationship between the present document and the essential requirements
of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].
• Annex B (normative) provides necessary information on used test sites and procedures.
• Annex C (informative) provides the justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 [i.5].
• Annex D (informative) provides information on TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz.
• Annex E (informative) provides information on Change history.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz.
The present document covers the following RMI systems:
• RMI1 systems: RMI systems without receive only mode
• RMI2 systems: RMI systems with receive only mode
NOTE 1: In RMI1 systems the robotic mower is not able to restart automatically if the boundary signal comes back
after the loss of the boundary signal (safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3), while in RMI2 systems the robotic
mower is able to restart automatically after the boundary signal is back. This differentiation has been
introduced to cover receiver spurious emissions for RMI2 systems.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 3: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (02-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision
2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing
Decision 2006/804/EC.
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.7] EGMF Robotic Mowers Boundary Wire Standard RLM003-1.1/2016.
[i.8] EN 50636-2-107:2015: "Safety of household and similar appliances - Part 2-107: Particular
requirements for robotic battery powered electrical lawnmowers", produced by CENELEC.
[i.9] Void.
[i.10] ETSI EN 303 454 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Metal and object detection sensors in
the frequency range 1 kHz to 148,5 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] Void.
[i.12] Void.
[i.13] EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
- Measuring apparatus", produced by CENELEC.
[i.14] ETSI TS 103 567 (V1.1.1): "Requirements on signal interferer handling".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
99 % OBW function: measurement function of a spectrum analyser to measure the OBW
antenna: integral antenna, boundary loop, and/or guidance loop (both dependent and independent) which are used in
the RMI
NOTE 1: The inductive wire loops are installed dependent from the shape of the garden.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
boundary loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE 1: It can be implemented as a single or multiple turn coil installed by the user in accordance with instruction
from the manufacturer for the purpose of generating magnetic fields to determine the working area.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
dependent guidance loop: guidance loop which is connected to boundary loop (e.g. via a T-junction) and the RMI
docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
guidance loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
inductive loop: all electrical loop either wire or coil, where current is fed in order to generate a magnetic field intended
for guidance and/or communication with the robotic mower
NOTE: In figure 2 different inductive loops are shown and named based on their function within the RMI system,
e.g. boundary loop, guidance loop.
integral antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the RMI docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral receiving antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the robotic mower
Occupied BandWidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency
limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE: To clarify Occupied BandWidth (OBW), see figure 1.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Figure 1: Occupied BandWidth (OBW)
RMI docking station: charging station for the robotic mower and the signal generator for the inductive loop(s) and, if
applicable, integral antenna(s)
NOTE: The RMI docking station can be seen as the signal generator/antenna connecting point. In addition, it is
the automatic battery charging facility located on or within the working area.
robotic mower: mobile part of the RMI including cutting means
NOTE: It is the receiving part inside the RMI.
Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system (RMI): system that includes robotic mower, power supply, docking
station, and inductive loop(s)
working area: area in which the RMI can function
Figure 2: Overview of an RMI system, including the different possible antenna/loops
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
C filtering capacitors of the artificial antenna
A
f centre frequency of the OFR
C
f highest frequency of the OFR
H
f lowest frequency of the OFR
L
f higher frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SH
f lower frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SL
I common mode current
CM
I differential mode current
DM
L inductive part of the artificial antenna
A
R low frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
A
R common mode resistive part of the artificial antenna
C
R high frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
D
t sweept time for TX measurement
SWT
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CF Conversion Factor
CM Common Mode
CW Continuous Wave
DM Differential Mode
EGMF European Garden Machinery industry Federation
IHR Interferer Handling Requirements
LO Local Oscillator
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OFR Operating Frequency Range
OOB Out Of Band
PT SRD-MG Project Team Short Range Device-Maintenance Group
RBR Receiver Baseline Resilience
RMI Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
WG FM Working Group Frequency Management
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational
environmental profile defined by its intended use.
4.2 General
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria
In general, the robotic mower shall stay in its current operational mode (see clause 4.2.2.2), this is the wanted technical
performance criteria of the RMI system.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the RMI shall be able to handle two interference scenarios:
• Scenario 1: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect a loss of the
boundary loop signal (see clause 6.3.3.2).
• If the mower detects the loss of boundary signal, it shall react in the same way as required within the "safe
mode" (see clause 4.2.2.3). The loss of the boundary loop signal can be based on, but not limited to, switching
off the boundary loop signal, disconnection of the boundary loop, or blocking of the receiver within the
mower.
• Scenario 2: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect the passage of
the boundary wire (see clause 6.3.3.3).
4.2.2 RMI modes
4.2.2.1 General
In this clause all general considerations for the testing of the inductive parts for the RMI in the frequency range from
100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are given.
Modes being part of an RMI are explained in the following clauses.
The manufacturer shall provide information (e.g. installation requirements), number and kind of antennas used by the
RMI (e.g. boundary loop(s), guidance loop(s), integral antenna(s), etc.), see figure 2. A RMI is fabricated by one
manufacturer. There is no option to swap e.g. a mower to another boundary installation. Based on the general nature
(TX and RX) of an RMI, covered by the present document, the RMI shall be tested as a system.
The test set-up of the different modes shall be performed as described in clause 6.1 and Annex B.
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes
Operational modes of an RMI are when the robotic mower is travelling around, mowing grass, returning to the docking
station and charging the battery in the docking station.
During the operational modes different combinations of the RMI antennas are active.
The test shall be performed for each active antenna in each operational mode, unless the transmitting signal to the same
antenna is identical over different modes, the test of the active antenna shall be performed only once.
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode
If the robotic mower does not receive its boundary signal adequately, the robotic mower switches into safe mode. This
loss of signal may either be caused by a stop of the signal generation or by interference.
The safe mode is indicated that after a loss of signal the robotic mower does not travel more than 1 m and the cutting
means stops within 5 seconds, see EN 50636-2-107 [i.8], clause 22.104.2.
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each RMI submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
To simplify and harmonise the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clause 4.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1].
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating frequency range is the frequency range over which the RMI is transmitting. The operating frequency
range of the RMI is determined by the lowest (f ) and highest frequency (f ):
L H
OFR = f - f
H L
An RMI can have more than one operating frequency range (relating to the operational modes and antennas of the RMI
system, see clause 4.2.2).
For a single frequency system the OFR is equal to the Occupied BandWidth (OBW) of the RMI system as described in
figure 3.
Figure 3: Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.3 Limits
The operating frequency range for intentional emissions shall be within the following limits:
• Upper edge of the operating frequency range: f ≤ 148,5 kHz.
H
• Lower edge of the operating frequency range: f ≥ 100 Hz.
L
For the spurious and OOB emission measurement procedures in clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 the OFR shall be calculated as:
f - f
H L
and the centre frequency as:
� ��
� �
� =
�
�
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operational frequency range shall be as defined in clause 6.2.1.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements
4.3.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.2.2 Description
The radiated H-field is defined in the direction of maximum field strength of the RMI.
4.3.2.3 Limits
The H-field limits for the bands 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are provided in table 2.
Table 2: H-field limits between 0,1 kHz and 148,5 kHz
Frequency range (kHz) H-field strength limit (H ) dBμA/m at 10 m
f
0,1 ≤ f < 9
72 descending 10 dB/dec above 0,03 MHz
9 ≤ f < 60
60 ≤ f < 90
90 ≤ f < 119
119 ≤ f < 135 42
135 ≤ f < 140
37,7
140 ≤ f < 148,5
NOTE: For the range 0,1 kHz to 9 kHz the limit is in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1],
Annex 9.
For the range 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz it is in line with EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
4.3.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter H-field requirements shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions
4.3.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.3.2 Description
The transmitter spurious emissions are to be considered in frequency ranges defined by f < f and f > f . For a single
SL SH
frequency system the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Figure 4: Out of band and spurious domain of a single frequency system
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SH
1) For systems with f ≤ 9 kHz: f shall be set to 27 kHz.
H SH
2) For systems with f > 9 kHz: f is the smallest of:
H SH
- f = f + 2,5 × OFR; or
C
- f = 148,5 kHz.
NOTE 1: f under number 1) above was calculated based on an assumed f of 4,5 kHz and OBW of 9 kHz.
SH C
NOTE 2: Bullet two of number 2) above ensures that the spurious limits of CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4] apply
above 148,5 kHz.
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SL
1) For systems with calculated f < 100 Hz: f is set to 100 Hz.
SL SL
2) The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and figure 4 for
SL SH
the calculation.
4.3.3.3 Limits
The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 3.
ETSI
16 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Table 3: TX spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 10 MHz 10 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Operating -36 dBm
46,5 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -3,5 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
100 Hz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Standby -57 dBm
25 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -22 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, based on an EC request. ETSI
proposed the limits to ECC to be implemented in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], for more details see Annex D
of the present document.
NOTE 2: For the frequency range above 9 kHz: the limits are in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], Annex 2.
NOTE 3: The limit is specified at a distance of 10 m.
NOTE 4: The limit is specified as e.r.p.
4.3.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter spurious emissions shall be as defined in clause 6.2.3.
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.4.2 Description
The transmitter Out Of Band emissions are to be considered in the frequency ranges between f and f (f ≤ f < f ) and
SL L SL L
between f and f (f > f ≥ f ). For a single frequency system, the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
H SH H SH
The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and clause 4.3.3.2,
SL SH
figure 4 for the calculation.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The OOB limits are visualized in figure 4 (clause 4.3.3.2); they are descending from the limits from table 2 at f / f with
H L
10 dB/decade.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for Transmitter out of band emissions is provided in clause 6.2.3.
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements
4.4.1 Introduction
The justification for the RX-requirements of RMI is provided in Annex C. The receiver concept on signal interferer
handling in ETSI TS 103 567 [i.14] is used. The specific RMI justification for the receiver requirements is provided:
• For Receiver Baseline Sensitivity and Receiver Baseline Resilience, see clause C.1.
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions
4.4.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies only to RMI2 systems.
ETSI
17 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.4.2.2 Description
The receiver spurious emissions of the RMI system is in the receive only mode, e.g. if the mower is in sleep/standstill
mode after the loss of the boundary signal.
4.4.2.3 Limits
The receiver spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 4a.
Table 4a: Receiver spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 9 kHz 9 kHz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
(note 1)
Operating 5,5 dBµA/m 5,5 dBμA/m at 9 kHz -22 dBμ
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega
spektra - Sistemi z indukcijsko zanko za robotske kosilnice, ki delujejo v
frekvenčnem območju od 100 Hz do 148,5 kHz
Short Range Devices (SRD) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum -
Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers operating within the frequency range 100 Hz
to 148,5 kHz
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
ICS:
33.060.01 Radijske komunikacije na Radiocommunications in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum;
Inductive loop systems for robotic mowers operating
within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
2 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG28-552
Keywords
harmonised standard, inductive, measurement,
radio
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 11
4.1 Environmental profile . 11
4.2 General . 11
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria . 11
4.2.2 RMI modes . 12
4.2.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes . 12
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode . 12
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements . 13
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR) . 13
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 13
4.3.1.2 Description . 13
4.3.1.3 Limits . 13
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 13
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements . 14
4.3.2.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.2.2 Description . 14
4.3.2.3 Limits . 14
4.3.2.4 Conformance . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions . 14
4.3.3.1 Applicability. 14
4.3.3.2 Description . 14
4.3.3.3 Limits . 15
4.3.3.4 Conformance . 16
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions . 16
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 16
4.3.4.2 Description . 16
4.3.4.3 Limits . 16
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 16
4.4 Receiver conformance requirements . 16
4.4.1 Introduction. 16
4.4.2 Receiver Spurious Emissions . 16
4.4.2.1 Applicability. 16
4.4.2.2 Description . 17
4.4.2.3 Limits . 17
4.4.2.4 Conformance . 17
4.4.3 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 17
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.3.2 Description . 17
4.4.3.3 Limits . 17
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.4.4 Receiver Baseline Resilience . 17
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 17
4.4.4.2 Description . 17
4.4.4.3 Limits . 18
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 18
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 18
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 18
5.2 General conditions for testing . 18
5.3 Artificial antenna . 18
5.4 Measuring receiver . 19
5 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitters and receivers . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Transmitter conformance methods . 20
6.2.1 OFR . 20
6.2.2 H-field . 21
6.2.3 Transmitter unwanted emissions (spurious and OOB emissions) . 21
6.3 Receiver conformance methods . 22
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 22
6.3.2 Receiver Baseline Sensitivity . 23
6.3.2.1 General . 23
6.3.2.2 Receiver-Baseline Sensitivity Test . 24
6.3.3 Receiver Baseline Resilience (RBR) . 24
6.3.3.1 General . 24
6.3.3.2 RBR Test 1: to test that the robotic mower can handle a lost signal . 25
6.3.3.3 RBR Test 2: to test that the robotic mower can handle a passage of the boundary wire . 26
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 28
Annex B (normative): Test sites and procedures . 30
B.1 Boundary and dependent guidance loops . 30
B.1.1 Artificial antenna for conducted measurements below 30 MHz . 30
B.1.2 General setup and measurement procedure for the current measurement with artificial antenna . 32
B.1.3 Differential mode measurement . 33
B.1.4 Common mode measurement . 34
B.1.5 The reference test garden. 34
B.1.6 Test setup for verification artificial antenna . 34
B.1.6.1 General . 34
B.1.6.2 For Differential Mode Impedance verification . 35
B.1.6.3 For Common Mode Impedance verification . 35
B.2 Radiated measurements using anechoic chamber or open area test site . 36
B.2.1 General . 36
B.2.2 Radiated emission measurements < 30 MHz . 36
B.2.3 Radiated emission measurements 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. 37
Annex C (informative): Justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 38
C.1 Justification for other RX-requirements . 38
Annex D (informative): TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz . 40
Annex E (informative): Change history . 41
History . 42
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
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pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
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ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
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Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.6] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.3].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 27 June 2022
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2022
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2023
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2024
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document covers Robotic Mowers with Inductive loop systems (RMI) using the frequency range below
148,5 kHz. An RMI system includes:
• RMI docking station: charging stations for the robotic mower and the signal generator/antenna connecting
point for the signals on the integral antenna and boundary wire.
• Robotic Mower: receiving part inside the RMI.
• Boundary Wire: user installed antenna.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clauses 1, 2 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document
and the definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations used.
• Clause 4 provides the technical requirements specifications, limits and conformance relative to transmitter and
receiver.
• Clause 5 specifies the conditions and information for testing of the equipment and interpretation of the
measurement results.
• Clause 6 specifies the required measurement methods.
• Annex A (informative) provides the relationship between the present document and the essential requirements
of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.3].
• Annex B (normative) provides necessary information on used test sites and procedures.
• Annex C (informative) provides the justification for missing RX-requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 [i.5].
• Annex D (informative) provides information on TX spurious emission limit assessment below 9 kHz.
• Annex E (informative) provides information on Change history.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Robotic Mowers with
Inductive loop systems (RMI) operating within the frequency range 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz.
The present document covers the following RMI systems:
• RMI1 systems: RMI systems without receive only mode
• RMI2 systems: RMI systems with receive only mode
NOTE 1: In RMI1 systems the robotic mower is not able to restart automatically if the boundary signal comes back
after the loss of the boundary signal (safe mode, see clause 4.2.2.3), while in RMI2 systems the robotic
mower is able to restart automatically after the boundary signal is back. This differentiation has been
introduced to cover receiver spurious emissions for RMI2 systems.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted range of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
Receive 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz
NOTE: It should be noted that the frequency range between 9 kHz and
148,5 kHz is EU wide harmonised for inductive Short Range
Devices according to EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.3] is given in Annex A.
The present document only covers RMI systems with antenna sizes smaller than 1,67 km, see
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1], Annex 9.
NOTE 3: The antenna size is described by the distance between those two points on the antenna that have the
largest distance between them (e.g. for a rectangle shaped antenna the largest diagonal; for a circular
shaped antenna the diameter).
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1) (02-2017): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision
2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing
Decision 2006/804/EC.
[i.3] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.7] EGMF Robotic Mowers Boundary Wire Standard RLM003-1.1/2016.
[i.8] EN 50636-2-107:2015: "Safety of household and similar appliances - Part 2-107: Particular
requirements for robotic battery powered electrical lawnmowers", produced by CENELEC.
[i.9] Void.
[i.10] ETSI EN 303 454 (V1.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Metal and object detection sensors in
the frequency range 1 kHz to 148,5 kHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.11] Void.
[i.12] Void.
[i.13] EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
- Measuring apparatus", produced by CENELEC.
[i.14] ETSI TS 103 567 (V1.1.1): "Requirements on signal interferer handling".
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
99 % OBW function: measurement function of a spectrum analyser to measure the OBW
antenna: integral antenna, boundary loop, and/or guidance loop (both dependent and independent) which are used in
the RMI
NOTE 1: The inductive wire loops are installed dependent from the shape of the garden.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
boundary loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE 1: It can be implemented as a single or multiple turn coil installed by the user in accordance with instruction
from the manufacturer for the purpose of generating magnetic fields to determine the working area.
NOTE 2: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
dependent guidance loop: guidance loop which is connected to boundary loop (e.g. via a T-junction) and the RMI
docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
guidance loop: inductive wire loop which is defined by manufacturer and prepared by the user
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
inductive loop: all electrical loop either wire or coil, where current is fed in order to generate a magnetic field intended
for guidance and/or communication with the robotic mower
NOTE: In figure 2 different inductive loops are shown and named based on their function within the RMI system,
e.g. boundary loop, guidance loop.
integral antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the RMI docking station
NOTE: To clarify the different loops see figure 2.
integral receiving antenna: single or multiple turn inductive loop preinstalled inside the robotic mower
Occupied BandWidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency
limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE: To clarify Occupied BandWidth (OBW), see figure 1.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Figure 1: Occupied BandWidth (OBW)
RMI docking station: charging station for the robotic mower and the signal generator for the inductive loop(s) and, if
applicable, integral antenna(s)
NOTE: The RMI docking station can be seen as the signal generator/antenna connecting point. In addition, it is
the automatic battery charging facility located on or within the working area.
robotic mower: mobile part of the RMI including cutting means
NOTE: It is the receiving part inside the RMI.
Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system (RMI): system that includes robotic mower, power supply, docking
station, and inductive loop(s)
working area: area in which the RMI can function
Figure 2: Overview of an RMI system, including the different possible antenna/loops
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
C filtering capacitors of the artificial antenna
A
f centre frequency of the OFR
C
f highest frequency of the OFR
H
f lowest frequency of the OFR
L
f higher frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SH
f lower frequency border between OOB and spurious domain
SL
I common mode current
CM
I differential mode current
DM
L inductive part of the artificial antenna
A
R low frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
A
R common mode resistive part of the artificial antenna
C
R high frequency resistive part of the artificial antenna
D
t sweept time for TX measurement
SWT
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 300 330 [1] and the following apply:
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CF Conversion Factor
CM Common Mode
CW Continuous Wave
DM Differential Mode
EGMF European Garden Machinery industry Federation
IHR Interferer Handling Requirements
LO Local Oscillator
OBW Occupied BandWidth
OFR Operating Frequency Range
OOB Out Of Band
PT SRD-MG Project Team Short Range Device-Maintenance Group
RBR Receiver Baseline Resilience
RMI Robotic Mower with Inductive loop system
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
WG FM Working Group Frequency Management
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational
environmental profile defined by its intended use.
4.2 General
4.2.1 Wanted technical performance criteria
In general, the robotic mower shall stay in its current operational mode (see clause 4.2.2.2), this is the wanted technical
performance criteria of the RMI system.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
For the purpose of the receiver performance tests, the RMI shall be able to handle two interference scenarios:
• Scenario 1: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect a loss of the
boundary loop signal (see clause 6.3.3.2).
• If the mower detects the loss of boundary signal, it shall react in the same way as required within the "safe
mode" (see clause 4.2.2.3). The loss of the boundary loop signal can be based on, but not limited to, switching
off the boundary loop signal, disconnection of the boundary loop, or blocking of the receiver within the
mower.
• Scenario 2: under the presence of an interfering signal, the robotic mower shall be able to detect the passage of
the boundary wire (see clause 6.3.3.3).
4.2.2 RMI modes
4.2.2.1 General
In this clause all general considerations for the testing of the inductive parts for the RMI in the frequency range from
100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are given.
Modes being part of an RMI are explained in the following clauses.
The manufacturer shall provide information (e.g. installation requirements), number and kind of antennas used by the
RMI (e.g. boundary loop(s), guidance loop(s), integral antenna(s), etc.), see figure 2. A RMI is fabricated by one
manufacturer. There is no option to swap e.g. a mower to another boundary installation. Based on the general nature
(TX and RX) of an RMI, covered by the present document, the RMI shall be tested as a system.
The test set-up of the different modes shall be performed as described in clause 6.1 and Annex B.
4.2.2.2 Operational Modes
Operational modes of an RMI are when the robotic mower is travelling around, mowing grass, returning to the docking
station and charging the battery in the docking station.
During the operational modes different combinations of the RMI antennas are active.
The test shall be performed for each active antenna in each operational mode, unless the transmitting signal to the same
antenna is identical over different modes, the test of the active antenna shall be performed only once.
4.2.2.3 Safe Mode
If the robotic mower does not receive its boundary signal adequately, the robotic mower switches into safe mode. This
loss of signal may either be caused by a stop of the signal generation or by interference.
The safe mode is indicated that after a loss of signal the robotic mower does not travel more than 1 m and the cutting
means stops within 5 seconds, see EN 50636-2-107 [i.8], clause 22.104.2.
4.2.3 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each RMI submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to make the test, shall be supplied.
To simplify and harmonise the testing procedures between different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples defined in clause 4.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 330 [1].
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.3 Transmitter conformance requirements
4.3.1 Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating frequency range is the frequency range over which the RMI is transmitting. The operating frequency
range of the RMI is determined by the lowest (f ) and highest frequency (f ):
L H
OFR = f - f
H L
An RMI can have more than one operating frequency range (relating to the operational modes and antennas of the RMI
system, see clause 4.2.2).
For a single frequency system the OFR is equal to the Occupied BandWidth (OBW) of the RMI system as described in
figure 3.
Figure 3: Operating Frequency Range (OFR)
4.3.1.3 Limits
The operating frequency range for intentional emissions shall be within the following limits:
• Upper edge of the operating frequency range: f ≤ 148,5 kHz.
H
• Lower edge of the operating frequency range: f ≥ 100 Hz.
L
For the spurious and OOB emission measurement procedures in clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 the OFR shall be calculated as:
f - f
H L
and the centre frequency as:
� ��
� �
� =
�
�
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operational frequency range shall be as defined in clause 6.2.1.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
4.3.2 Transmitter H-field requirements
4.3.2.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.2.2 Description
The radiated H-field is defined in the direction of maximum field strength of the RMI.
4.3.2.3 Limits
The H-field limits for the bands 100 Hz to 148,5 kHz are provided in table 2.
Table 2: H-field limits between 0,1 kHz and 148,5 kHz
Frequency range (kHz) H-field strength limit (H ) dBμA/m at 10 m
f
0,1 ≤ f < 9
72 descending 10 dB/dec above 0,03 MHz
9 ≤ f < 60
60 ≤ f < 90
90 ≤ f < 119
119 ≤ f < 135 42
135 ≤ f < 140
37,7
140 ≤ f < 148,5
NOTE: For the range 0,1 kHz to 9 kHz the limit is in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 [i.1],
Annex 9.
For the range 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz it is in line with EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.2].
4.3.2.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter H-field requirements shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.3 Transmitter spurious emissions
4.3.3.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.3.2 Description
The transmitter spurious emissions are to be considered in frequency ranges defined by f < f and f > f . For a single
SL SH
frequency system the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Figure 4: Out of band and spurious domain of a single frequency system
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SH
1) For systems with f ≤ 9 kHz: f shall be set to 27 kHz.
H SH
2) For systems with f > 9 kHz: f is the smallest of:
H SH
- f = f + 2,5 × OFR; or
C
- f = 148,5 kHz.
NOTE 1: f under number 1) above was calculated based on an assumed f of 4,5 kHz and OBW of 9 kHz.
SH C
NOTE 2: Bullet two of number 2) above ensures that the spurious limits of CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4] apply
above 148,5 kHz.
The following additional conditions applying for f :
SL
1) For systems with calculated f < 100 Hz: f is set to 100 Hz.
SL SL
2) The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and figure 4 for
SL SH
the calculation.
4.3.3.3 Limits
The spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits given in table 3.
ETSI
16 ETSI EN 303 447 V1.3.1 (2022-07)
Table 3: TX spurious emissions
State
100 Hz ≤ f < 10 MHz 10 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Operating -36 dBm
46,5 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -3,5 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
100 Hz ≤ f < 4,78 MHz 4,78 MHz ≤ f < 30 MHz 30 MHz ≤ f < 1 GHz
Standby -57 dBm
25 dBμA/m at 100 Hz descending 3 dB/oct -22 dBμA/m
(note 4)
(note 3) (note 3)
NOTE 1: For the frequency range below 9 kHz: the limits are on voluntary basis, based on an EC request. ETSI
proposed the limits to ECC to be implemented in CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], for more details see Annex D
of the present document.
NOTE 2: For the frequency range above 9 kHz: the limits are in line with CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01 [i.4], Annex 2.
NOTE 3: The limit is specified at a distance of 10 m.
NOTE 4: The limit is specified as e.r.p.
4.3.3.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for transmitter spurious emissions shall be as defined in clause 6.2.3.
4.3.4 Transmitter Out Of Band (OOB) emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement applies to all RMI systems.
4.3.4.2 Description
The transmitter Out Of Band emissions are to be considered in the frequency ranges between f and f (f ≤ f < f ) and
SL L SL L
between f and f (f > f ≥ f ). For a single frequency system, the ranges are illustrated in figure 4.
H SH H SH
The f and f shall be calculated based on the OFR result, see clause 4.3.1 (definition OFR) and clause 4.3.3
...
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