SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
(Main)Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
This part of ISO 5659 specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials, composites or assemblies. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics and may also be used for the evaluation of other materials (e.g. rubbers, textile-coverings, painted surfaces, wood and other materials). It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested, and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties. The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that might be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye. It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this part of ISO 5659 are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.
Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Dieser Teil von ISO 5659 legt ein Verfahren zur Messung des Rauches fest, der auf der Oberfläche von
Probekörpern entsteht, wenn im Wesentlichen flache Werkstoffe, Verbundstoffe oder vorgefertigte Teile mit
einer Dicke von höchstens 25 mm horizontal angeordnet und in einer geschlossenen Prüfkammer mit oder
ohne Anwendung einer Zündflamme einer Wärmebestrahlung mit einer bestimmten Intensität ausgesetzt
werden. Dieses Prüfverfahren gilt für alle Kunststoffe und darf auch zur Bewertung anderer Werkstoffe (z. B.
Gummi, textile Abdeckungen, Flächen mit Farbanstrichen, Holz und andere Baustoffe) angewendet werden.
1.2 Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Werte der nach dieser Prüfung bestimmten optischen Dichte für
den Probekörper oder das vorgefertigte Teil nur in der untersuchten Form und Dicke als spezifisch angesehen
werden und nicht als werkstoffspezifische, grundlegende Eigenschaften.
1.3 Die Prüfung ist in erster Linie für die Anwendung in der Forschung und Entwicklung sowie bei der
brandschutztechnischen Auslegung von Gebäuden, Zügen, Schiffen usw. und nicht als Bewertungsgrundlage
für Bauvorschriften oder sonstige Anwendungen bestimmt. Keine Vorhersage ist für die Dichte des Rauches
möglich, den Werkstoffe bei einer Beanspruchung durch Wärme und Flammen unter anderen Expositionsbedingungen
erzeugen können. Dieses Prüfverfahren schließt den Einfluss von Reizstoffen auf die Augen
aus.
ANMERKUNG Dieses Prüfverfahren berücksichtigt die Einschränkung der Sichtweite (Sichtverhältnisse) durch die
Rauchentwicklung, die generell nicht in Beziehung zur Reizwirkung steht (siehe Anhang E).
1.4 Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die von einem Werkstoff ausgehende Rauchentwicklung von der
Bestrahlungsstärke abhängt, die auf den Probekörper einwirkt. Bei Anwendung der Ergebnisse dieses
Verfahrens sollte beachtet werden, dass die Ergebnisse bei einer Beanspruchung durch spezifische
Bestrahlungsstärken von 25 kW/m2 und 50 kW/m2 erhalten wurden.
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique (ISO 5659-2:2012)
L'ISO 5659-2:2012 spécifie une méthode pour le mesurage de la production de fumée provenant de la surface exposée d'éprouvettes constituées par des matériaux, des composites ou des assemblages. Elle est applicable à des éprouvettes qui ont une surface essentiellement plane et dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à 25 mm, lorsqu'elles sont orientées horizontalement et soumises à des niveaux spécifiés d'éclairement énergétique thermique dans une enceinte fermée, avec ou sans utilisation de flamme pilote. La présente méthode d'essai est applicable à tous les plastiques et peut également être utilisée en vue de l'évaluation d'autres matériaux (par exemple caoutchoucs, revêtements textiles, surfaces peintes, bois et autres matériaux de construction).
Les valeurs de densité optique déterminées par le présent essai sont propres au matériau de l'éprouvette ou de l'assemblage soumis à essai, sous la forme et avec l'épaisseur sélectionnées pour l'essai. Ces valeurs ne doivent pas être considérées comme révélatrices de propriétés de base, inhérentes au produit.
L'essai est principalement destiné à être utilisé en recherche et développement et en ingénierie de sécurité incendie dans les bâtiments, les trains, les navires, etc., et non en tant que base d'appréciation pour des codes de construction ou pour d'autres fins. Aucun élément fondamental n'est fourni pour prévoir la densité de la fumée susceptible d'être produite par les matériaux exposés à la chaleur et à une flamme dans d'autres conditions (réelles) d'exposition. Le présent mode opératoire d'essai ne traite pas de l'effet des irritants sur les yeux.
Il est précisé que la production de fumée d'un matériau varie en fonction du niveau d'éclairement énergétique auquel l'éprouvette est soumise. Les résultats fournis par la méthode spécifiée dans l'ISO 5659-2:2012 sont fondés sur une exposition à des niveaux d'éclairement énergétique spécifiques de 25 kW/m2 et de 50 kW/m2.
Polimerni materiali - Nastajanje dima - 2. del: Določanje optične gostote s preskusom v eni preskusni komori (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Ta del standarda ISO 5659 določa metodo merjenja proizvajanja dima na izpostavljenih površinah preskusnih vzorcev materialov, kompozitov in sestavov. Velja za preskusne vzorce, ki imajo v bistvu gladko površino in niso debelejši od 25 mm, če so v vodoravnem položaju in podvrženi določenim ravnem termičnega sevanja v zaprti omari z ali brez uporabe pilotnega plamena. Ta preskusna metoda velja za vse polimerne materiale in se lahko uporablja tudi za vrednotenje drugih materialov (npr. gum, tekstilnih prevlek, barvanih površin, lesa in drugih materialov). Vrednosti optične gostote tega preskusa bi morale biti obravnavane kot vrednosti, ki se nanašajo na preskusne vzorce ali material sestava v obliki in z debelino, za katero je bil preskušen, in niso mišljene kot privzete, temeljne lastnosti. Preskus je namenjen predvsem raziskavam, razvoju in inženiringu požarne varnosti v stavbah, vlakih, ladjah itd. in ne kot osnova za oceno gradbenih predpisov ali v druge namene. Za napovedovanje gostote dima, ki bi lahko nastal po izpostavitvi materialov vročini in plamenom pri drugih (dejanskih) pogojih izpostavljenosti, ni zagotovljene nobene osnove. Ta preskusni postopek ne zajema učinka dražil na oči. Treba je poudariti, da se nastajanje dima iz materiala spreminja glede na raven sevanja, ki mu je preskusni vzorec izpostavljen. Rezultati, pridobljeni z metodo iz tega dela standarda ISO 5659, temeljijo na izpostavitvi ravnem sevanja 25 kW/m2 in 50 kW/m2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
01-maj-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 5659-1:2000
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2007
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL1DVWDMDQMHGLPDGHO 'RORþDQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHV
SUHVNXVRPYHQLSUHVNXVQLNRPRUL ,62
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch
Einkammerprüfung (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un
essai en enceinte unique (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5659-2:2012
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 5659-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2012
ICS 13.220.40; 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 5659-1:1999, EN ISO 5659-2:2006
English Version
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical
density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2:2012)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der
de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique (ISO optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung (ISO 5659-
5659-2:2012) 2:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5659-2:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
EN ISO 5659-2:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
EN ISO 5659-2:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 5659-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 5659-1:1999 and EN ISO 5659-2:2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5659-2:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 5659-2:2012 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5659-2
Third edition
2012-12-01
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a
single-chamber test
Plastiques — Production de fumée —
Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en
enceinte unique
Reference number
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of the test . 3
5 Suitability of a material for testing . 3
5.1 Material geometry . 3
5.2 Physical characteristics . 3
6 Specimen construction and preparation. 3
6.1 Number of specimens . 3
6.2 Size of specimens . 3
6.3 Specimen preparation . 4
6.4 Wrapping of specimens . 4
6.5 Conditioning . 4
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Test chamber . 5
7.3 Specimen support and heating arrangements . 9
7.4 Gas supply .14
7.5 Photometric system .15
7.6 Chamber leakage .17
7.7 Cleaning materials .17
7.8 Ancillary equipment .17
8 Test environment .18
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures .18
9.1 General .18
9.2 Alignment of photometric system .19
9.3 Selection of compensating filter(s) .19
9.4 Linearity check .20
9.5 Calibration of range-extension filter .20
9.6 Chamber leakage rate test .20
9.7 Burner calibration .20
9.8 Radiator cone calibration.21
9.9 Cleaning .21
9.10 Frequency of checking and calibrating procedure .21
10 Test procedure .22
10.1 General .22
10.2 Preparation of test chamber .22
10.3 Tests with pilot flame .22
10.4 Preparation of the photometric system .22
10.5 Loading the specimen .22
10.6 Recording of light transmission .23
10.7 Observations .23
10.8 Termination of test .24
10.9 Testing in different modes .24
11 Expression of results .25
11.1 Specific optical density D .
s 25
11.2 Clear-beam correction factor D .
c 25
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
12 Precision .25
13 Test report .26
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter .27
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the single-
chamber test .28
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density .30
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials .35
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing .37
Bibliography .45
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5659-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5659-2:2006), which has been technically
revised. It also replaces ISO 5659-1:1996 (Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 1: Guidance on optical-
density testing), which will be withdrawn upon publication of this edition.
ISO 5659 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Smoke generation:
— Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
— Part 3: Determination of optical density by a dynamic-flow method (Technical Report)
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
Introduction
Fire is a complex phenomenon: its development and effects depend upon a number of interrelated factors.
The behaviour of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the method of use
[1]
of the materials and the environment in which they are exposed (see also ISO/TR 3814 and ISO 13943).
A test such as is specified in this part of ISO 5659 deals only with a simple representation of a particular
aspect of the potential fire situation, typified by a radiant heat source, and it cannot alone provide any
direct guidance on behaviour or safety in fire. A test of this type may, however, be used for comparative
purposes or to ensure the existence of a certain quality of performance (in this case, smoke production)
considered to have a bearing on fire behaviour generally. It would be wrong to attach any other meaning
to results from this test.
The term “smoke” is defined in ISO 13943 as a visible suspension of solid and/or liquid particles in gases
resulting from incomplete combustion. It is one of the first response characteristics to be manifested
and should almost always be taken into account in any assessment of fire hazard as it represents one of
the greatest threats to occupants of a building or other enclosure, such as a ship or train, on fire.
The responsibility for the preparation of ISO 5659 was transferred during 1987 from ISO/TC 92 to
ISO/TC 61 on the understanding that the scope and applicability of the standard for the testing of
materials should not be restricted to plastics but should also be relevant to other materials where
possible, including building materials.
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 5659 specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface
of specimens of materials, composites or assemblies. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially
flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected
to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot
flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics and may also be used for the evaluation of other
materials (e.g. rubbers, textile-coverings, painted surfaces, wood and other materials).
1.2 It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the
specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested, and are not to be considered inherent,
fundamental properties.
1.3 The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in
buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis
is provided for predicting the density of smoke that might be generated by the materials upon exposure
to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of
irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related
to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
1.4 It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to
which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this part of ISO 5659 are
2 2
based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m and 50 kW/m .
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
ISO 14934-3, Fire tests — Calibration and use of heat flux meters — Part 3:Secondary calibration method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
3.1
assembly
fabrication of materials and/or composites
NOTE 1 Sandwich panels are an example of an assembly.
NOTE 2 The assembly may include an air gap.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
3.2
composite
combination of materials which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities
NOTE Coated or laminated materials are examples of composites.
3.3
essentially flat surface
surface which does not deviate from a plane by more than 1 mm
3.4
exposed surface
surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test
3.5
irradiance
radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point divided by the area
of that element
3.6
material
basic single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture
NOTE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre and polymers are examples.
3.7
mass optical density
MOD
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke in terms of the mass loss of the material
3.8
optical density of smoke
D
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke, taken as the negative common logarithm of the relative
transmission of light
3.9
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
3.10
specific optical density
D
s
optical density multiplied by a factor which is calculated by dividing the volume of the test chamber by
the product of the exposed area of the specimen and the path length of the light beam
NOTE See 11.1.1.
3.11
specimen
representative piece of the product to be tested together with any substrate or surface coating.
NOTE The specimen may include an air gap.
3.12
intumescent material
dimensionally unstable material, developing a carbonaceous expanded structure of thickness > 10 mm
during the test, with the cone heater 25 mm from the specimen
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
4 Principles of the test
Specimens of the product are mounted horizontally within a chamber and exposed to thermal radiation
2
on their upper surfaces at selected levels of constant irradiance up to 50 kW/m .
The smoke evolved is collected in the chamber, which also contains photometric equipment. The
attenuation of a light beam passing through the smoke is measured. The results are reported in terms
of specific optical density.
5 Suitability of a material for testing
5.1 Material geometry
5.1.1 The method is applicable to essentially flat materials, composites and assemblies not exceeding
25 mm in thickness.
5.1.2 The method is sensitive to small variations in geometry, surface orientation, thickness (either
overall or of the individual layers), mass and composition of the material, and so the results obtained by
this method only apply to the thickness of the material as tested.
NOTE It is not possible to calculate the specific optical density of one thickness of a material from the specific
optical density of another thickness of the material.
5.2 Physical characteristics
Materials submitted for evaluation by this method could have faces which differ or could contain
laminations of different materials arranged in a different order in relation to the two faces. If either of
the faces is likely to be exposed to a fire condition when in use, then both faces shall be evaluated.
6 Specimen construction and preparation
6.1 Number of specimens
6.1.1 The test sample shall comprise a minimum of 12 specimens if all four modes are to be tested: six
2
specimens shall be tested at 25 kW/m (three specimens with a pilot flame and three specimens without
2
a pilot flame) and six specimens shall be tested at 50 kW/m (three specimens with a pilot flame and
three specimens without a pilot flame).
If fewer than four modes are to be tested, a minimum of three specimens per mode shall be tested.
6.1.2 An additional number of specimens as specified in 6.1.1 shall be used for each face, in accordance
with the requirements of 5.2.
6.1.3 An additional 12 specimens (i.e. three specimens per test mode) shall be held in reserve if required
by the modes specified in 10.9.
6.1.4 In case of intumescent materials, it is necessary to make a preliminary test with the cone heater
at 50 mm from the specimen, so at least two additional specimens are required.
6.2 Size of specimens
6.2.1 The specimens shall be square, with sides measuring 75 mm ± 1 mm.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 5659-2:2014
ISO 5659-2:2012(E)
6.2.2 Materials of 25 mm nominal thickness or less shall be evaluated at their full thickness. For
comparative testing, materials shall be evaluated at a thickness of 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm. All materials consume
oxygen when they burn in the chamber, and the smoke generation of some materials (especially rapid-
burning or thick specimens) is influenced by the reduced oxygen concentration in the chamber. As far as
possible, materials shall be tested in their end-use thickness.
6.2.3 Materials with a thickness greater than 25 mm shall be cut to give a specimen thickness of 25 mm
± 0,1 mm, in such a way that the original (uncut) face can be evaluated.
6.2.4 Specimens of multi-layer materials with a thickness greater than 25 mm, consisting of core
material(s) with facings of different materials, shall be prepared as specified in 6.2.3 (see also 6.3.2).
6.3 Specimen preparation
6.3.1 The specimen shall be representative of the material and shall be prepared in accordance with the
procedures described in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. The specimens shall be cut, sawn, moulded or stamped from identical
sample areas of the material, and records shall be kept of their thicknesses and, if required, their masses.
6.3.2 If flat
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
01-junij-2011
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL1DVWDMDQMHGLPDGHO 'RORþDQMHRSWLþQHJRVWRWHV
SUHVNXVRPYHQLSUHVNXVQLNRPRUL ,62',6
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011)
Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch
Einkammerprüfung (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un
essai en enceinte unique (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 5659-2
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 5659-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2011
ICS 83.080.01; 13.220.40 Will supersede EN ISO 5659-2:2006
English Version
Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2: Determination of optical
density by a single-chamber test (ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011)
Plastiques - Production de fumée - Partie 2: Détermination Kunststoffe - Rauchentwicklung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der
de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung (ISO/DIS 5659-
(ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011) 2:2011)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 249.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 5659-2:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
prEN ISO 5659-2:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
prEN ISO 5659-2:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 5659-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN ISO 5659-2:2006.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 5659-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 5659-2:2011 without any
modification.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 5659-2
ISO/TC 61/SC 4 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2011-03-03 2011-08-03
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
Plastiques — Production de fumée —
Partie 2: Détermination de la densité optique par un essai en enceinte unique
[Revision of second edition (ISO 5659-2:2006)]
ICS 13.220.40; 83.080.01
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and
processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME
STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principles of the test .2
5 Suitability of a material for testing.3
6 Specimen construction and preparation.3
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment.5
8 Test environment.17
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures.17
10 Test procedure.20
11 Expression of results .23
12 Precision.24
13 Test report .24
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter.25
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the single-
chamber test .26
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density.28
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials .33
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing .36
Bibliography.43
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5659-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5659-2:2006), which has been technically revised. It
also replaces ISO 5659-1:1996, which has been withdrawn.
ISO 5659 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Smoke generation:
[— Part 1: Guidance]
Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single chamber test
Part 3: Determination of dynamic optical density by a dynamic flow test
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
Introduction
Fire is a complex phenomenon: its development and effects depend upon a number of interrelated factors. The
behaviour of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the method of use of the materials
and the environment in which they are exposed (see also ISO/TR 3814 and ISO 13943).
A test such as is specified in this part of ISO 5659 deals only with a simple representation of a particular aspect of
the potential fire situation, typified by a radiant heat source, and it cannot alone provide any direct guidance on
behaviour or safety in fire. A test of this type may, however, be used for comparative purposes or to ensure the
existence of a certain quality of performance (in this case, smoke production) considered to have a bearing on fire
behaviour generally. It would be wrong to attach any other meaning to results from this test.
The term “smoke” is defined in ISO 13943 as a visible suspension of solid and/or liquid particles in gases resulting
from incomplete combustion. It is one of the first response characteristics to be manifested and should almost
always be taken into account in any assessment of fire hazard as it represents one of the greatest threats to
occupants of a building or other enclosure, such as a ship or train, on fire.
The responsibility for the preparation of ISO 5659 was transferred during 1987 from ISO/TC 92 to ISO/TC 61 on the
understanding that the scope and applicability of the standard for the testing of materials should not be restricted to
plastics but should also be relevant to other materials where possible, including building materials.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 5659-2
Plastics — Smoke generation —
Part 2:
Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 5659 specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of
specimens of essentially flat materials, composites or assemblies not exceeding 25 mm in thickness when placed
in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without
the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics and may also be used for the
evaluation of other materials (e.g. rubbers, textile-coverings, painted surfaces, wood and other materials).
1.2 It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or
assembly material in the form and thickness tested, and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties.
1.3 The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings,
trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for
predicting the density of smoke that may be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under
other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy
potency (see Annex E).
1.4 It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the
specimen is exposed. In making use of the results of this method, it should be borne in mind that the results are
2 2
based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m and 50 kW/m .
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 5659. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 5659 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 5659, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
3.1
assembly
fabrication of materials and/or composites
NOTE 1 Sandwich panels are an example of an assembly.
NOTE 2 The assembly may include an air gap.
3.2
composite
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
combination of materials which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities
NOTE Coated or laminated materials are examples of composites.
3.3
essentially flat surface
surface which does not deviate from a plane by more than 1 mm
3.4
exposed surface
surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test
3.5
irradiance
radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of the surface containing the point divided by the area of that
element
3.6
material
basic single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture
NOTE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre, polymers are examples.
3.7
mass optical density
MOD
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke in terms of the mass loss of the material
3.8
optical density of smoke
D
measure of the degree of opacity of smoke, taken as the negative common logarithm of the relative transmission of
light
3.9
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
3.10
specific optical density
D
s
optical density multiplied by a factor which is calculated by dividing the volume of the test chamber by the product
of the exposed area of the specimen and the path length of the light beam
NOTE See 11.1.1.
3.11
specimen
representative piece of the product to be tested together with any substrate or surface coating.
NOTE The specimen may include an air gap.
3.12
intumescent material
dimensionally unstable material, developing a carbonaceous expanded structure of thickness > 10 mm during the
test, with the cone heater 25 mm from the specimen
4 Principles of the test
Specimens of the product are mounted horizontally within a chamber and exposed to thermal radiation on their
2
upper surfaces at selected levels of constant irradiance up to 50 kW/m .
The smoke evolved is collected in the chamber, which also contains photometric equipment. The attenuation of a
light beam passing through the smoke is measured. The results are reported in terms of specific optical density.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5659-2:2011
ISO/DIS 5659-2
5 Suitability of a material for testing
5.1 Material geometry
5.1.1 The method is applicable to essentially flat materials, composites and assemblies not exceeding 25 mm in
thickness.
5.1.2 The method is sensitive to small variations in geometry, surface orientation, thickness (either overall or of
the individual layers), mass and composition of the material, and so the results obtained by this method only apply
to the thickness of the material as tested. It is not possible to calculate the specific optical density of one thickness
of a material from the specific optical density of another thickness of the material.
5.2 Physical characteristics
Materials submitted for evaluation by this method could have faces which differ or could contain laminations of
different materials arranged in a different order in relation to the two faces. If either of the faces is likely to be
exposed to a fire condition when in use, then both faces shall be evaluated.
6 Specimen construction and preparation
6.1 Number of specimens
6.1.1 The test sample shall comprise a minimum of twelve specimens if all four modes are to be tested: six
2
specimens shall be tested at 25 kW/m (three specimens with a pilot flame and three specimens without a pilot
2
flame) and six specimens shall be tested at 50 kW/m (three specimens with a pilot flame and three specimens
without a pilot flame).
If fewer than four modes are to be tested a minimum of three specimens per mode shall be tested.
6.1.2 An additional number of specimens as specified in 6.1.1 shall be used for each face, in accordance with
the requirements of 5.2.
6.1.3 An additional twelve specimens (i.e. three specimens per test mode) shall be held in reserve if required by
the modes specified in 10.8.2.
6.1.4 In case of intumescent materials, it is necessary to make a preliminary test with the cone heater at 50 mm
from the specimen, so at least 2 additional specimens are required.
6.2 Size of specimens
6.2.1 The specimens shall be square, with sides measuring 75 mm ±1 mm.
6.2.2 Materials of 25 mm nominal thickness or less shall be evaluated at their full thickness. For comparative
testing, materials shall be evaluated at a thickness of 1,0 mm ± 0,1 mm. All materials consume oxygen when they
burn in the chamber, and the smoke generation of some materials (especially rapid-burning or thick specimens) is
influenced by the reduced oxygen concentration in the chamber. As far as possible, materials shall be tested in
their end-use thickness.
6.2.3 Materials with a thickness greater than 25 mm shall be cut to give a specimen thickness of 25 mm ± 0,1
mm, in such a way that the original (uncut) face can be evaluated.
6.2.4 Specimens of multi-layer materials with a thickness greater than 25 mm, consisting of core material(s) with
facings of different materials, shall be prepared as specified in 6.2.3 (see also 6.3.2).
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ISO/DIS 5659-2
6.3 Specimen preparation
6.3.1 The specimen shall be representative of the material and shall be prepared in accordance with the
procedures described in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. The specimens shall be cut, sawn, moulded or stamped from identical
sample areas of the material, and records shall be kept of their thicknesses and, if required, their masses.
6.3.2 If flat sections of the same thickness and composition are tested in place of curved, moulded or speciality
parts, this shall be stated in the test report. Any substrate or core materials for the specimens shall be the same as
those used in practice.
6.3.3 When coating materials, including paints and adhesives, are tested with the substrate or core as used in
practice, specimens shall be prepared following normal practice, and in such cases the method of application of the
coating, the number of coats and the type of substrate shall be included in the test report.
6.4 Wrapping of specimens
6.4.1 All specimens shall be covered across the back, along the edges and over the front surface periphery,
leaving a central exposed specimen area of 65 mm × 65 mm, using a single sheet of aluminium foil (approximately
0,04 mm thick) with the dull side in contact with the specimen. Care shall be taken not to puncture the foil or to
introduce unnecessary wrinkles during the wrapping operation. The foil shall be folded in such a way as to minimize
losses of any melted specimen material at the bottom of the specimen holder. After mounting the specimen in its
holder, any excess foil along the front edges shall be trimmed off.
6.4.2
1) Wrapped specimens of thickness up to 12,5 mm shall be backed with a sheet of non-combustible insulating
3 3
board of oven-dry density 850 kg/m ± 100 kg/ m and nominal thickness 12,5 mm and a layer of low-
3
density (nominal 65 kg/m ) refractory fibre blanket under the non-combustible board.
2) Wrapped specimens of thickness greater than 12,5 mm but less than 25 mm shall be backed with a layer
3
of low-density (nominal 65 kg/m ) refractory fibre blanket
3) Wrapped specimens of a thickness of 25 mm shall be tested without any backing board or refractory fibre
blanket.
6.4.3 For resilient materials, each specimen in its aluminium foil wrapper shall be installed in the holder in such
a way that the exposed surface lies flush with the inside face of the opening of the specimen holder. Materials with
uneven exposed surfaces shall not protrude beyond the plane of the opening in the specimen holder.
6.4.4 When thin impermeable specimens, such as thermoplastic films, become inflated during the test owing to
gases trapped between the film and backing, they shall be maintained essentially flat by making two or three cuts
(20 mm to 40 mm long) in the film to act as vents.
6.5 Conditioning
6.5.1 Before preparing the specimens for test, they shall be conditioned to constant mass at 23 °C ± 2 °C and a
relative humidity of (50 ± 10) % where constant mass shall be considered to have been reached when two
successive weighing operations, carried out at an interval of 24 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of
the test specimen or 0,1 g, whichever is the greater.
6.5.2 While in the conditioning chamber, specimens shall be supported in racks so that air has access to all
surfaces.
NOTE 1 Forced-air movement in the conditioning chamber may be used to assist in accelerating the conditioning process.
NOTE 2 The results obtained from this method are sensitive to small differences in specimen conditioning. It is important
therefore to ensure that the requirements of 6.5 are followed carefully.
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7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment
7.1 General
The apparatus (see Figure 1) shall consist of an air-tight test chamber with provision for containing a specimen
holder, radiation cone, pilot burner, light transmission and measuring system and other, ancillary facilities for
controlling the conditions of operation during a test.
7.2 Test chamber
7.2.1 Construction
7.2.1.1 The test chamber (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) shall be fabricated from laminated panels, the inner
surfaces of which shall consist of either a porcelain enamelled metal not more than 1 mm thick or an equivalent
coated metal which is resistant to chemical attack and corrosion and capable of easy cleaning. The internal
dimensions of the chamber shall be 914 mm ± 3 mm long, 914 mm ± 3 mm high and 610 mm ± 3 mm deep. It shall
be provided with a hinged front-mounted door with an observation window and a removable opaque door cover to
the window to prevent light entering the chamber. A safety blow-out panel, consisting of a sheet of aluminium foil of
2
thickness not greater than 0,04 mm and having a minimum area of 80 600 mm , shall be provided in the chamber,
fastened in such a way as to provide an airtight seal.
The blow-out panel may be protected by a stainless-steel wire mesh. It is important that any such mesh is spaced
at least 50 mm from the blow-out panel to prevent any obstruction in the event of an explosion.
7.2.1.2 Two optical windows, each with a diam
...
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