SIST EN 61577-4:2015
(Main)Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments -- Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments -- Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
IEC 61577-4:2009 concerns the System for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR) needed for testing, in a reference atmosphere, the instruments measuring radon and RnDP. Provides guidance for those facing problems associated with the production of equipment for setting up reference atmospheres for radon and its decay products.
Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments - Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Instruments de mesure du radon et des descendants du radon -- Partie 4: Dispositif pour la réalisation d’atmosphères de référence contenant des isotopes du radon et leurs descendants (STAR)
La CEI 61577-4:2009 concerne le Système de Test en Atmosphères contenant du Radon (STAR) servant à tester, dans une atmosphère de référence, les instruments mesurant le radon et les RnDP. Est un guide à l'attention de ceux qui se trouvent confrontés aux problèmes associés à la mise en place du matériel nécessaire pour la création des atmosphères de référence pour le radon et ses descendants.
Instrumenti za zaščito pred sevanjem - Instrumenti za merjenje radona in njegovih razpadnih produktov - 4. del: Oprema za proizvodnjo referenčnih atmosfer, ki vsebujejo radonove izotope in njihove razpadne produkte (STAR)
Standard IEC 61577-4:2009 obravnava sistem za preskusne atmosfere z radonom (STAR), potreben za preskušanje instrumentov za merjenje radona in njegovih razpadnih produktov v referenčni atmosferi. Zagotavlja navodila za subjekte, ki se soočajo s težavami, povezanimi s proizvodnjo opreme za vzpostavljanje referenčnih atmosfer za radon in njegove razpadne produkte.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments - Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Instruments de mesure du radon et des descendants du radon -- Partie 4: Dispositif pour la réalisation d’atmosphères de référence contenant des isotopes du radon et leurs descendants (STAR)Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments -- Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)17.240Merjenje sevanjaRadiation measurements13.280Varstvo pred sevanjemRadiation protectionICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 61577-4:2014SIST EN 61577-4:2015en01-september-2015SIST EN 61577-4:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 61577-4
December 2014 ICS 13.280
English Version
Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments - Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR) (IEC 61577-4:2009 , modified)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Instruments de mesure du radon et des descendants du radon - Partie 4: Dispositif pour la réalisation d'atmosphères de référence contenant des isotopes du radon et leurs descendants (STAR) (CEI 61577-4:2009 , modifiée)
Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Geräte für die Messung von Radon und Radon-Folgeprodukten - Teil 4: Einrichtungen für die Herstellung von Referenzatmosphären mit Radonisotopen und ihren Folgeprodukten (STAR) (IEC 61577-4:2009 , modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-11-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 61577-4:2014 E SIST EN 61577-4:2015
EN 61577-4:2014 - 2 -
Foreword This document (EN 61577-4:2014) consists of the text of IEC 61577-4:2009 prepared by IEC/SC 45B "Radiation protection instrumentation" of IEC/TC 45 "Nuclear instrumentation", together with the common modifications prepared by CLC/TC 45B "Radiation protection instrumentation". The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-11-17 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-11-17 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. SIST EN 61577-4:2015
- 3 - EN 61577-4:2014 Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61577-4:2009 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard with agreed common modifications.
COMMON MODIFICATIONS
2 Normative references Replace the title indicated for IEC 61577 (all parts) with “Radiation protection instrumentation – Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments”.
3 Terms, definitions and units 3.2 Specific terms and definitions 3.2.11 unattached fraction of PAEC Delete the note. Add a new note below the entry: NOTE Z1
The particle size concerned is below 10 nm. 3.2.12 attached fraction Replace in the note 0,3 µm with 0,5 µm.
6 Requirements for the reference atmosphere provided by STAR 6.3 Influence quantities 6.3.1 General Add to the paragraph “According to Clause 4, only those influence quantities relevant to the kind of STAR under test need to be considered.”
6.3.2 Temperature In the second paragraph, replace “+18 °C to +22 °C” with “+18 °C to +24 °C”.
6.3.3 Relative humidity In the second paragraph, replace “50 % RH” with “65 % RH” and “40 % RH to 60 % RH” with “40 % RH to 75 % RH”.
Table 1 – Reference and standard test conditions Replace the line for temperature as follows: Temperature 20 °C 18 °C to 24 °C Replace the line for relative humidity as follows: Relative humidity 65 % 40 % to 75 % SIST EN 61577-4:2015
EN 61577-4:2014 - 4 -
Replace the line for ambient gamma dose rate as follows: Ambient γ dose rate Negligible <0,25 µSv{h–1 Replace the line for unattached fraction as follows: Unattached fraction Negligible <0,25 Replace the line for aerosol size (AMTD or AMAD) as follows: Aerosol size (AMTD or AMAD)* 0,2 µm 0,1 µm to 0,5 µm
Table A.1 – Atmosphere characteristic ranges (typical values) Delete the line of the unattached fraction of RnDP222.
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
- 5 - EN 61577-4:2014 Annex ZA (normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60050-111 1996
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry - -
IEC 60050-393 2003
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation - Physical phenomena and basic concepts - -
IEC 60050-394 2007
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation - Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors - -
IEC 61577 series
Radiation protection instrumentation - Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments
EN 61577 series
ISO/IEC 17025 -
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EN ISO/IEC 17025 -
ISO/IEC Guide 99 2007
International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) - -
ICRP 32 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 32, Limits for inhalation of Radon Daughters by Workers, Vol. 6, N°1, 1981, Pergamon Press - - ICRP 38 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 38, Radionuclide transformations, Energy and Intensity of Emissions, Vol. 11 – 13, 1983, Pergamon Press - - ICRP 65 - Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 65, ICRP Publication 65: Protection against Radon-222 at Home and at Work, Vol. 23/2, 1994, Pergamon Press - -
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
IEC 61577-4Edition 1.0 2009-02INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALERadiation protection instrumentation – Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments –
Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection – Instruments de mesure du radon et des descendants du radon –
Partie 4: Dispositif pour la réalisation d’atmosphères de référence contenant des isotopes du radon et leurs descendants (STAR)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE UICS 13.280 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 978-2-88910-545-8
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale ® SIST EN 61577-4:2015
– 2 – 61577-4 © IEC:2009 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope and object.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms, definitions and units.8 3.1 General terms and definitions.8 3.2 Specific terms and definitions.9 3.3 Units and conversion factors.12 4 General description of a System for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR).13 4.1 General.13 4.2 Mode of operation of a STAR.14 4.2.1 Static mode of operation.14 4.2.2 Dynamic mode of operation.14 5 Characteristics of a STAR.15 5.1 General.15 5.2 STAR for radon.16 5.2.1 General.16 5.2.2 Technical characteristics of STAR containers.16 5.2.3 Radon sources.16 5.2.4 222Rn
and 220Rn analysis and control.17 5.2.5 Analysis and control of climatic parameters.18 5.3 STAR for radon and RnDP.18 5.3.1 General.18 5.3.2 Technical characteristics of STAR containers.18 5.3.3 RnDP sources.18 5.3.4 RnDP analysis and control.19 5.3.5 Sampling flow rate of equipment under test.19 5.3.6 Analysis and control of climatic parameters.20 6 Requirements for the reference atmosphere provided by STAR.20 6.1 General.20 6.2 Reference conditions.20 6.3 Influence quantities.21 6.3.1 General.21 6.3.2 Temperature.22 6.3.3 Relative humidity.22 6.3.4 Atmospheric pressure.22 6.3.5 Ambient gamma field.23 6.3.6 Working range for exposure to RnDP.23 6.3.7 Working range for aerosols.23 6.3.8 Exposure time for the instrument under test.23 7 Calibration and traceability of measurement methods and instruments used in a STAR.23 7.1 Traceability chains.23 7.2 Quality assurance.24 Annex A (informative)
Characteristics of atmospheres that can be simulated in a STAR.25 SIST EN 61577-4:2015
61577-4 © IEC:2009 – 3 – Bibliography.27
Figure 1 – Components of a STAR: general case.13 Figure 2 – Minimum requirements for a STAR.14 Figure 3 – Dynamic mode of operation of a STAR.15
Table 1 – Reference and standard test conditions.21 Table 2 – Tests with variation of the influence quantities.21 Table A.1 – Atmosphere characteristic ranges (typical values).26
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
– 4 – 61577-4 © IEC:2009 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
RADON AND RADON DECAY PRODUCT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS –
Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61577-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 45B/598/FDIS 45B/606/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. SIST EN 61577-4:2015
61577-4 © IEC:2009 – 5 – A list of all parts of the IEC 61577 series, under the general title Radiation protection instrumentation – Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended.
SIST EN 61577-4:2015
– 6 – 61577-4 © IEC:2009 INTRODUCTION Radon is a radioactive gas produced by the decay of 226Ra, 223Ra and 224Ra, respectively decay products of 238U, 235U and 232Th which are present in the earth's crust. By decay, radon isotopes (i.e. 222Rn, 219Rn, 220Rn) produce three decay chains, each ending in a stable lead isotope.
NOTE In normal conditions, due to the very short half-life of 219Rn, its activity and the activity of its RnDP1 are considered negligible compared to the activity of the two other series. Its health effects are therefore not important. Thus in this standard 219Rn and its decay products are not considered. Radon isotopes and their corresponding short-lived Radon Decay Products (RnDP) (i.e. 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, 214Po for 222Rn, and 216Po, 212Pb, 212Bi, 212Po, 208Tl for 220Rn) are of considerable importance, as they constitute the major part of the radiological exposure to natural radioactivity for the general public and workers. In some workplaces, for instance in underground mines, spas and waterworks, the workers are exposed to very significant levels of RnDP. These radionuclides are present in variable quantities in the air, in a gaseous form for the radon isotopes, and as very fine particles for the decay products. It is worthwhile for health physicists to be able to measure with a great accuracy the level of this kind of natural radioactivity in the atmosphere. Because the very particular behaviour of these radioactive elements in the atmosphere and in the corresponding measuring instruments, it is necessary to formalize the way such instruments could be tested. Remark: In order to facilitate its use, the IEC 61577 series is divided into the following different parts: IEC 61577-1: This emphasizes the terminology and units of the specific field of radon and radon decay products (RnDP) measurement techniques and presents briefly the concept of System for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR) used for test and calibration of radon and RnDP measuring devices.
IEC 61577-2: This part is dedicated to the tests of 222Rn and 220Rn measuring instruments. IEC 61577-3: This part is dedicated to the tests of RnDP222 and RnDP220 measuring instruments. IEC 61577-4: Details how a STAR is constructed and how it can be used for testing.
——————— 1
RnDP is the acronym of Radon Decay Products and it is equivalent to Radon Progeny (see
[1] in the Bibliography). SIST EN 61577-4:2015
61577-4 © IEC:2009 – 7 – RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
RADON AND RADON DECAY PRODUCT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS –
Part 4: Equipment for the production of reference atmospheres containing radon isotopes and their decay products (STAR)
1 Scope and object The IEC 61577 series covers the general features concerning test and calibration of radon and radon decay products measuring instruments. It is also intended to help define type tests, which have to be conducted in order to qualify these instruments. These type tests are described in IEC 61577-2 and IEC 61577-3. This standard addresses only the instruments and associated methods for measuring isotopes 220 and 222 of radon and their subsequent short-lived decay products in gases. IEC 61577-4 concerns the System for Test Atmospheres with Radon (STAR) needed for testing, in a reference atmosphere, the instruments measuring radon and RnDP. The clauses that follow do neither claim to solve all the problems involved in the production of equipment for setting up reference atmospheres for radon and its decay products, nor to describe all the methods for doing so. They do however set out to be a guide enabling those faced with such problems to choose the best methods for adoption in full knowledge of the facts. 2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-111:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry
IEC 60050-393:2003, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation – Physical phenomena and basic concepts IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation – Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors IEC 61577 (all parts), Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. – Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ICRP 32: Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 32, Limits for inhalation of Radon Daughters by Workers, Vol. 6, N°1, 1981, Pergamon Press ICRP 38: Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 38, Radionuclides transformations, Energy and Intensity of Emissions, Vol. 11 - 13, 1983, Pergamon Press SIST EN 61577-4:2015
– 8 – 61577-4 © IEC:2009 ICRP 65: Annals of the ICRP, Publication N° 65, ICRP Publication 65: Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work, Vol. 23/2, 1994, Pergamon Press 3 Terms, definitions and units For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and units apply. Throughout the whole standard, the term RADON is used to denote all the radon isotopes, which are covered by this standard. When a particular isotope is to be referred to, it will be indicated by its chemical symbol preceded by its mass number (e.g. 220Rn, 222Rn). For historical reasons, 220Rn is also called thoron. The term RADON DECAY PRODUCTS or its abbreviation (RnDP) denotes the whole set of short-lived decay products, which are concerned by this standard. A particular isotope is indicated by its chemical symbol preceded by its mass number. The subscripts 222, 220 added to the symbol RnDP refer to the whole set of short-lived decay products of the corresponding radon isotope (218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, 214Po), (216Po, 212Pb, 212Bi, 212Po, 208Tl). All the nuclear data used in this standard refers to ICRP 38, as this standard applies mainly to instruments used for radiation protection purposes. 3.1 General terms and definitions 3.1.1
activity
A
quotient, for an amount of radionuclide in a particular energy state at a given time, of dN by dt, where dN is the expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear transitions from this energy state in the time interval of duration dt:
tNAdd=
NOTE This quantity is expressed in becquerels (Bq). [IEV 393-14-12] 3.1.2
volumic activity activity concentration CA
quotient of the activity by the total volume of the sample NOTE 1 For a gas, it is necessary to indicate the temperature and pressure conditions for which the volumic activity, expressed in becquerel per cubic metre, is measured, for example standard temperature and pressure (STP). NOTE 2 This quantity is expressed in becquerels per cubic metre (Bq·m–3). [IEV 393-14-16] 3.1.3
primary standard
standard that is designed or widely acknowledged as having the highest metrological qualities and whose value is accepted without reference to other standards of the same quantity NOTE The concept of primary standard is equally valid for base quantities and derived quantities. [VIM, 5.4, modified] SIST EN 61577-4:2015
61577-4 © IEC:2009 – 9 – 3.1.4
secondary standard
standard whose value is assigned by comparison with a primary standard of the same quantity
[VIM, 5.5, modified] 3.1.5
reference standard
standard generally having the highest metrological quality available at a given location or in a given organization, from which measurements made there are derived
[VIM, 5.6, modified] 3.1.6
mass flow rate (kg·s–1) mass of a gas flowing in a conduit during a unit time
3.1.7
volume flow rate
(m3·s–1) volume of gas flowing in a conduit during a unit time
3.1.8
aerosol
set of solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gaseous medium
NOTE The range of particle diameter is generally from a few nanometres up to 10 m.
[IEV 393-11-37]
3.1.9
homogeneous
qualifies a physical medium in which the relevant properties are independent of the position in the medium
[IEV 111-13-08] 3.1.10
conventionally true value of a quantity
vc value attributed to a particular quantity and accepted, sometimes by convention, as having an uncertainty appropriate for a given purpose
NOTE "Conventionally true value of a quantity" is sometimes called assigned value, best estimate of the value, conventional value or reference value.
[IEV 394-40-10] 3.2 Specific terms and definitions 3.2.1
Potential Alpha Energy
PAE or
εp
total alpha energy emitted during the decay of RnDP atoms along the decay chain through to 210Pb or 208Pb respectively for the decay chains of the 222Rn and 220Rn εp 222 =[(6,003 + 7,687)×N218Po+7,687×(N214Pb+N214Bi)+7,687 × N214Po]×1,602×10–13 (J) εp 220 =[(6,779 + 7,804)×N216Po+7,804×(N212Pb+N212Bi)+8,785 × N212Po]×1,602×10–13 (J) SIST EN 61577-4:2015
– 10 – 61577-4 © IEC:2009 where N is the number of atoms NOTE 1 The 7,804 MeV alpha energy corresponds to a virtual alpha emission due to the branching ratio of 212Bi. NOTE 2 Annual Limits of Intake (ALI) can be expressed in the term of PAE222 and PAE220. For this reason, PAE222 and PAE220 are used as health risk indicator. [ICRP 32] 3.2.2
Potential Alpha Energy Concentration PAEC or cp
concentration of any mixture of short-lived radon decay products in air in terms of the alpha energy released during decay through 210Pb or 208Pb NOTE This quantity is expressed in the SI unit J·m–3. [ICRP 32] 3.2.3
Potential alpha energy exposure Pp(T)
time integral of the potential alpha energy concentration in air, cp, to which an individual is exposed over a given time period T, e.g. one year ∫=TdttcTP).()(pp NOTE This quantity is expressed in the SI unit J·m–3·h. [ICRP 65] 3.2.4
equilibrium equivalent concentration ceq
activity concentration of radon, in radioactive equilibrium with its short-lived decay products that has the same potential alpha energy concentration as the non-equilibrium mixture to which the ceq refers
NOTE This quantity is expressed in the SI unit Bq·m–3. [ICRP 32] 3.2.5
equilibrium factor F
ratio of equilibrium equivalent concentration to the radon gas concentration CcFRneq= [ICRP 65] 3.2.6
emanating power (or emanation coefficient) ratio between the number of radon atoms (n) transferred to the pore space of the material and the num
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