SIST EN 1756-1:2021
(Main)Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
This document specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for mounting on wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that has to be provided for their use.
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as intended by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
It applies to tail lifts:
- used for the purpose of loading and/or unloading such vehicles;
- intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the wheeled vehicle;
- driven either by hand or electric powered;
- equipped with a platform to support loads which comprise goods, an operator, or a combination of the two;
- with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above ground when the platform is unloaded;
- rotary type with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m;
- used as a link bridge when intended by the manufacturer.
NOTE A tail lift is not to be confused with a link bridge attached to a loading dock which is included within the definition of a dock leveller and is outside the scope of this document.
Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower loads.
This document does not establish the additional requirements for:
- operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields);
- operations subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
- supply by electrical networks and the electrical circuit;
- power take off part of the system;
- electronic equipment;
- electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity);
- static electricity problems;
- handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases, radiating materials, especially brittle loads);
- hazards occurring during installation, transportation, decommissioning;
- hazards occurring when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
- requirement related to the use on public roads;
- wind pressure in and out of use;
- direct contact with foodstuffs;
- earthquake;
- lightning;
This document is not applicable to tail lifts manufactured before the publication of this document.
Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
Dieses Dokument legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen für die Gestaltung von nach 3.1 definierten Hubladebühnen, die zur Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen für den Lastentransport bestimmt sind, fest. Sie legt auch die Prüfung der Hubladebühnen und die Sicherheitsangaben für ihren Einsatz fest.
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Anforderungen zur Minimierung von den in Abschnitt 4 aufgelisteten Gefährdungen, die während der Benutzung der Hubladebühnen nach den Vorgaben des Herstellers oder seines bevollmächtigten Repräsentanten auftreten können, fest.
Sie ist anzuwenden bei Hubladebühnen:
- zur Be- und/oder Entladung solcher Fahrzeuge;
- zur dauernden oder zeitweiligen Anbringung an einem Radfahrzeug am Heck oder seitlich oder vorne oder innen;
- durch Hand oder elektrische Kraft angetrieben;
- ausgestattet mit einer Plattform zur Lastaufnahme, wobei die Last aus Gütern, aus einem Bediener oder aus beidem bestehen kann;
- mit einer maximalen Hubhöhe von nicht mehr als 3 m über dem Boden, wobei die Messung bei unbeladener Plattform zu erfolgen hat;
- von nicht mehr als 2 m Hubhöhe, wenn die Hubladebühne ein schwenkbarer Typ ist;
- die als Überfahrbrücke verwendet werden, sofern vom Hersteller dafür zugelassen.
ANMERKUNG Eine Hubladebühne ist von einer an einer festen Rampe angebrachten Überfahrbrücke zu unterscheiden. Solche Überfahrbrücken sind als „Ladebrücken“ definiert und außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments.
Be- und/oder Entladung schließt die Verwendung einer Hubladebühne zum Heben und/oder Senken von Lasten ein.
Dieses Dokument legt nicht die zusätzlichen Anforderungen fest für:
- Betrieb unter schwierigen Verhältnissen (z. B. extreme Umwelteinflüsse wie Frost, hohe Temperaturen, tropisches Klima, korrosive Umgebung, kontaminierte Umgebung, starke magnetische Felder);
- Betrieb in Verhältnissen mit besonderen Vorschriften (z. B. explosive Atmosphäre);
- elektrische Schaltung bei Stromversorgung aus dem öffentlichen Netz;
- Antrieb mittels Nebenabtrieb des Fahrzeugs;
- elektronische Ausstattung;
- elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Emissionsunempfindlichkeit);
- elektrostatische Probleme;
- Einsatz bei Lasten, deren Art zu gefährlichen Situationen führen kann (z. B. flüssiges Metall, Säuren/Laugen, strahlende Materialien, zerbrechliche Lasten);
- Gefährdungen, die während der Montage, dem Transport und der Außerbetriebnahme auftreten;
- Gefährdungen, die durch Hantieren mit hängenden Lasten, die frei schwingen können, auftreten;
- Anforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Benutzung auf öffentlichen Straßen;
- Windlasten während und außerhalb des Betriebs;
- direkten Kontakt mit Nahrungsmitteln;
- Erdbeben;
- Blitzschlag.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Hubladebühnen, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité à respecter pour la conception des hayons élévateurs tels que définis en 3.1 pour le montage sur véhicules roulants de transport de marchandises. Il spécifie également la vérification de ces hayons élévateurs et les informations de sécurité qui doivent être fournies pour l’utilisation de ces hayons élévateurs.
Le présent document traite des exigences techniques permettant de réduire au minimum les risques énoncés dans l'Article 4 qui peuvent survenir pendant le fonctionnement des hayons élévateurs lorsqu’ils sont utilisés conformément aux spécifications prévues par le fabricant ou son représentant autorisé.
Il s’applique aux hayons élévateurs :
- utilisés pour charger et/ou décharger ces véhicules ;
- destinés à être montés de façon temporaire ou permanente, soit à l'intérieur, soit à l'avant, sur le côté ou à l'arrière du véhicule roulant ;
- actionnés manuellement ou motorisés ;
- équipés d'une plate-forme pour supporter des charges comprenant des marchandises, un opérateur ou une combinaison des deux ;
- dont la hauteur de levage maximale ne dépasse pas 3 m au-dessus du sol, lorsque la plate-forme est non chargée ;
- de type pivotant, avec une hauteur de levage maximale ne dépassant pas 2 m ;
- utilisés comme ponts de liaison, lorsque cela est prévu par le fabricant.
NOTE Un hayon élévateur en doit pas être confondu avec un pont de liaison attenant à un quai de chargement, lequel est inclus dans la définition d’une rampe ajustable et n’entre pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document.
Les opérations de chargement et/ou de déchargement comprennent l’utilisation d’un hayon élévateur pour monter et/ou descendre des charges.
Le présent document n’établit pas d’exigences supplémentaires pour :
- le fonctionnement dans de très mauvaises conditions (par exemple conditions ambiantes extrêmes telles que congélation, températures élevées, milieu corrosif, milieu tropical, milieux contaminants, forts champs magnétiques) ;
- le fonctionnement soumis à des règles spéciales (par exemple atmosphères potentiellement explosibles) ;
- le réseau d’alimentation électrique et le circuit électrique ;
- la partie de prise de force du système ;
- les équipements électroniques ;
- la compatibilité électromagnétique (émission-immunité) ;
- les problèmes d’électricité statique ;
- le traitement de charges dont la nature peut entraîner des situations dangereuses (par exemple métal en fusion, acides/bases, matériaux irradiants, charges particulièrement cassantes) ;
- les risques survenant lors de l’installation, du transport, de sa mise hors service ;
- les risques survenant lors de la manipulation de charges suspendues pouvant osciller librement ;
- les exigences relatives à l’utilisation sur les voies publiques ;
- la pression du vent pendant et en-dehors de l’utilisation ;
- le contact direct avec des produits alimentaires ;
- les tremblements de terre ;
- la foudre.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux hayons élévateurs fabriqués avant la date de sa publication.
Dvižne ploščadi - Dvižne ploščadi, nameščene na cestna vozila - Varnostne zahteve - 1. del: Tovorne dvižne ploščadi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1756-1:2021
01-december-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1756-1:2002+A1:2008
Dvižne ploščadi - Dvižne ploščadi, nameščene na cestna vozila - Varnostne
zahteve - 1. del: Tovorne dvižne ploščadi
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1:
Tail lifts for goods
Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen -
Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants -
Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1756-1:2021
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
SIST EN 1756-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.99; C Supersedes EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008
English Version
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles -
Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an
sur véhicules roulants - Exigences de sécurité - Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1:
Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises Hubladebühnen für Güter
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 July 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1756-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 List of hazards . 17
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 20
5.1 General requirements . 20
5.2 Working area . 20
5.3 Manual effort . 20
5.4 Operating speeds . 21
5.4.1 General . 21
5.4.2 Vertical speed . 21
5.4.3 Stowing and deploying speeds . 21
5.4.4 Tilting speed . 21
5.5 Load stability . 22
5.5.1 Tilt angle . 22
5.5.2 Stop devices . 22
5.6 Limitations of travel . 22
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes . 22
5.8 Unauthorized operation . 22
5.9 Power supply . 22
5.9.1 Isolation of energy sources . 22
5.9.2 Tail lift electrical installation . 22
5.10 Tail lift stowage . 23
5.10.1 Indication . 23
5.10.2 Security . 23
5.11 Crushing and shearing . 23
5.12 Static load coefficients . 23
5.13 Platform . 23
5.13.1 Surface . 23
5.13.2 Bluntness of edges . 24
5.13.3 Tail lift used as a link bridge . 24
5.13.4 Visibility of platform . 24
5.14 Drive systems . 24
5.14.1 Unintentional movements . 24
5.14.2 Mechanical suspension systems . 25
5.14.3 Hydraulic systems . 26
5.15 Safety devices . 27
5.15.1 Safety related functions . 27
5.15.2 Safety mechanisms . 28
5.15.3 Springs inside safety devices . 28
5.16 Loading control . 28
5.16.1 Prevention of lifting excessive loads . 28
5.16.2 Excessive moment . 28
2
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
5.17 Control devices . 28
5.17.1 Hold-to run principle. 28
5.17.2 Logic . 28
5.17.3 Unintentional operation . 28
5.17.4 One control device for several movements . 29
5.17.5 Several control devices for one movement . 29
5.17.6 Mobile control units . 29
5.17.7 Cableless mobile control systems . 29
5.18 Control positions . 30
5.18.1 Multiple control positions . 30
5.18.2 Location of control positions . 30
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 30
7 Information for use . 35
7.1 General . 35
7.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge . 35
7.3 Inherent risks associated with improper use . 35
7.4 Location and nature of information for use . 35
7.4.1 Marking on the tail lift . 35
7.4.2 Instructions and handbooks . 36
7.4.3 Inspection record . 39
Annex A (informative) Tail lift mechanisms and types . 40
A.1 Mechanisms . 40
A.1.1 Parallelogram . 40
A.1.2 Column . 40
A.1.3 Telescopic . 41
A.2 Types . 41
A.2.1 Conventional: (full and part width) . 41
A.2.2 Folding platform . 42
A.2.3 Retractable . 43
A.2.4 Rotary. 43
A.2.5 Door mounted . 44
A.2.6 Inset . 45
A.2.7 Internally mounted . 45
A.3 Types of platform . 45
Annex B (normative) Crushing and shearing . 46
B.1 General . 46
B.2 Platform lifting and lowering . 46
B.2.1 General . 46
B.2.2 Two-hand control units . 46
B.2.3 Two-foot control units . 47
B.2.4 Toe guard . 47
B.2.5 Hinged foot protector . 50
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
B.2.6 Safety sensor . 51
B.2.7 Automatic toe protector . 52
B.2.8 Assigned operator position . 53
B.3 Platforms capable of lifting above vehicle floor level . 54
B.4 Platform closure and opening . 54
B.4.1 General . 54
B.4.2 Two-hand control units . 54
B.4.3 Safety sensor . 54
B.4.4 Mobile control units . 55
Annex C (informative) Structure and drive system . 56
Annex D (normative) Drive systems – Steel wire ropes and chains . 58
D.1 Recommended specifications of steel wire ropes . 58
D.2 Dimensions of pulley grooves . 58
D.3 Flare angle . 58
D.4 Fleet angles . 59
D.5 Pitch circle . 59
Annex E (normative) Examples of controls logic . 60
Annex F (informative) Marking . 62
Annex G (informative) Detailed examples of unintentional operation . 63
Annex H (normative) Verification concerning installation. 64
H.1 Compatibility between the lift and the vehicle . 64
H.2 Optional equipment . 64
H.3 Static test . 64
H.3.1 Deformation . 64
H.3.2 Drift . 64
H.4 Dynamic test . 64
H.5 Test of operation and safety function . 64
H.6 Test to verify that the tail lift cannot lift excessive load . 65
Annex I (informative) Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level . 66
Annex J (informative) Protective devices for the working area . 67
J.1 General . 67
J.2 Handholds . 67
J.3 Guard-rails . 67
J.4 Examples of platform mounted guard-rails . 68
J.4.1 General . 68
J.4.2 Demountable side guard-rails mounted on the platform surface . 68
4
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
J.4.3 Foldable side guard-rail mounted on the platform surface . 68
J.4.4 Side guard-rail swinging open to the pavement . 69
J.4.5 Runner mounted guard-rails – Three-side protection – not permitting side
(un)loading . 70
J.5 Examples of body mounted guard-rails . 70
Annex K (informative) Tail lift electrics . 72
K.1 General . 72
K.2 Vehicle – Tail lift interface . 72
K.2.1 ETMA Code A and B . 72
K.2.2 Interface positions . 72
K.3 Power supply . 73
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 75
Bibliography . 79
5
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 1756-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting
platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.
The following significant changes, compared to the previous edition, have been made:
— the introduction of new terms and changed definitions for some existing terms;
— the introduction of Performance level as a concept for safety;
— support for cableless mobile control systems.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
6
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
While producing this document, it was assumed that:
— only trained persons operate the machine;
— components without specific requirements are:
— designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, Including all
failure modes;
— of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
— made of materials, with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
— free of defects;
— harmful materials, such as asbestos are not used;
— components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain
fulfilled despite wear;
— by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is ensured for loading ranging
from zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during the tests;
7
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SIST EN 1756-1:2021
EN 1756-1:2021 (E)
— with the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device built according to good practice and
the requirements in this document, will not deteriorate
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
01-julij-2020
Dvižne ploščadi - Dvižne ploščadi, nameščene na cestna vozila - Varnostne
zahteve - 1. del: Tovorne dvižne ploščadi
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles - Safety requirements - Part 1:
Tail lifts for goods
Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an Radfahrzeugen -
Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1: Hubladebühnen für Güter
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter sur véhicules roulants -
Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 : Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1756-1
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1756-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2020
ICS 53.020.99 Will supersede EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008
English Version
Tail lifts - Platform lifts for mounting on wheeled vehicles -
Safety requirements - Part 1: Tail lifts for goods
Hayons élévateurs - Plates-formes élévatrices à monter Hubladebühnen - Plattformlifte für die Anbringung an
sur véhicules roulants - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1 Radfahrzeugen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 1:
: Hayons élévateurs pour marchandises Hubladebühnen für Güter
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 98.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1756-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
prEN 1756-1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of hazards . 14
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 17
5.1 General requirements . 17
5.2 Working area . 17
5.3 Manual effort . 18
5.4 Operating speeds . 18
5.5 Load stability . 19
5.6 Limitations of travel . 19
5.7 Layout of wires and pipes . 19
5.8 Unauthorized operation . 19
5.9 Isolation of energy sources . 19
5.10 Tail lift stowage . 20
5.11 Crushing and shearing . 20
5.12 Static load coefficients . 20
5.13 Platform . 20
5.14 Drive systems . 21
5.15 Safety devices . 24
5.16 Loading control . 24
5.17 Control devices . 24
5.18 Control positions . 26
6 Optional equipment . 26
7 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 26
8 Information for use . 29
8.1 General . 29
8.2 Tail lift used as a link bridge . 29
8.3 Inherent risks associated with improper use . 29
8.4 Location and nature of information for use . 29
Annex A (informative) Tail lift mechanisms and types . 34
Annex B (normative) Crushing and shearing . 40
Annex C (informative) Structure and drive system . 49
Annex D (normative) Drive systems – Steel wire ropes and chains . 51
Annex E (normative) Examples of controls logic . 53
Annex F (informative) Marking . 55
Annex G (informative) Unintentional operation . 56
Annex H (normative) Verification by the installer . 57
2
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oSIST prEN 1756-1:2020
prEN 1756-1:2020 (E)
Annex I (informative) Overloads onto a platform at vehicle floor level . 58
Annex J (informative) Protective devices for the working area . 59
Annex K (informative) Tail lift electrics . 64
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 67
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1756-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting
platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1756-1:2001+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
A transition period of 6 months (dav + 6 months) is proposed.
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Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
document.
While producing this document, it was assumed that:
— only trained persons operate the machine;
— components without specific requirements are:
— designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, Including all
failure modes;
— of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
— made of materials, with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
— free of defects;
— harmful materials, such as asbestos are not used;
— components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain
fulfilled despite wear;
— by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranging
from zero to 100 % of the rated possibilities and during the tests;
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— with the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device built according to good practice and
the requirements in this document, will not deteriorate to a point of creating a hazard without the
possibility of detection;
— the equipment is capable of operating correctly within a temperature range of -15 °C to +40 °C;
— a negotiation takes place between the manufacturer of the tail lift and the installer for the
characteristics of the supporting wheeled vehicle (see also Clause 6), the fitting of the tail lift on the
vehicle and between the installer and the user relating to the specific conditions of the use, places of
use of the machinery, also some of the characteristics of the vehicle, the appropriate language;
— the working area is adequately lit (if lighting is not provided with the tail lift);
— if the place of installation allows a vertical falling height of persons of more than 3 m notwithstanding
the limited travel height indicated in the scope, means external to the machine are used to limit this
falling height to 3 m.
Provision is made in this document to protect against falling hazards where the risk of falling exceeds
2 m. However, accidents statistics show that people fall from the raised tail lift during loading/unloading
the vehicle also for lifting heights below 2 m. The present state of the art does not allow a proven,
universal solution to the prevention of falling suitable for all tail lift applications, without the introduction
of other hazards.
The European safety organisations and manufacturers are continuing to review and test such solutions.
Meanwhile, methods of mitigating these risks are shown in informative Annex J. For lifts where the risk
of falling exceeds 2 m, refer to the requirements of 5.2.
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1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements for design of tail lifts as defined in 3.1 for mounting on
wheeled goods vehicles. It also specifies the verification of such tail lifts and the safety information that
has to be provided for their use.
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which
can arise during the operation of tail lifts when carried out in accordance with the specifications as
intended by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
It applies to tail lifts:
— used for the purpose of loading and/or unloading such vehicles;
— intended to be fitted, temporarily or permanently, either inside or on the front, side or rear of the
wheeled vehicle;
— driven either by hand or electric powered;
— equipped with a platform to support loads which comprise goods, an operator, or a combination of
the two;
— with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 3 m above ground when the platform is unloaded;
— rotary type with a maximum lifting height not exceeding 2 m;
— used as a link bridge when intended by the manufacturer.
NOTE A tail lift is not to be confused with a link bridge attached to a loading dock which is included within the
definition of a dock leveller and is outside the scope of this document.
Loading and/or unloading operations include the use of a tail lift to lift and/or lower loads.
This document does not establish the additional requirements for:
— operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as freezer applications,
high temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments,
strong magnetic fields);
— operations subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
— supply by electrical networks and the electrical circuit;
— power take off part of the system;
— electronic equipment;
— electromagnetic compatibility (emission-immunity);
— static electricity problems;
— handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,
acids/bases, radiating materials, especially brittle loads);
— hazards occurring during installation, transportation, decommissioning;
— hazards occurring when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;
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— requirement related to the use on public roads;
— wind pressure in and out of use;
— direct contact with foodstuffs;
— earthquake;
— lightning;
This document is not applicable to tail lifts manufactured before the publication of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
EN 61310-2:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for
marking (IEC 61310-2:2007)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Principles for design and selection
(ISO 13851:2019)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
DIN 51130:2014, Testing of floor coverings — Determination of the anti-slip property — Workrooms and
fields of activities with slip danger — Walking method — Ramp test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1
tail lift
lifting device intended for installation on or in a wheeled vehicle and which is used for loading and/or
unloading this vehicle
Note 1 to entry: The device consists essentially of a platform, a drive system, supporting elements and one or
more control positions.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of tail lift mechanisms and types can be found in Annex A.
3.2
light tail lift
tail lift whose nominal load does not exceed 500 kg
3.3
link bridge
application of a tail lift in which the platform is used to span from its associated vehicle, to any elevated
position (e.g. a dock or another vehicle), for the purpose of transferring loads to or from the vehicle
3.4
wheeled vehicle
vehicle, or vehicle body which is intended for carrying goods and/or persons, for road, off road or rail
transport, but excluding aircraft ground support equipment and/or marine applications
3.5
operator
any person given the task of operating the tail lift
3.6
travelling position
any configuration which the tail lift is intended to have while the vehicle is in motion
3.7
working position
any configuration of the tail lift in which the platform is intended to handle a load in an operating position
3.8
operating position
any configuration of the tail lift other than its travelling position
3.8.1
opening
any movement of the platform between a travelling position and a working position
3.8.2
closing
any movement of the platform from a working position to a travelling position
3.8.3
tilting
any angular movement to vertically adjust the platform when it is in a working position
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3.9
danger zone
any zone on, under or in the path of the platform as well as around any part of the mechanism in which a
person is exposed to risk of injury or damage to health
Note 1 to entry: This definition shall not preclude the platform being a working area.
3.10
platform width
dimension of the platform measured parallel to the edge adjacent to the vehicle
Note 1 to entry: Platform width shall be measured as in Figure 1.
3.11
platform depth
dimension of the platform measured perpendicularly to the edge adjacent to the vehicle
Note 1 to entry: Platform depth shall be measured as in Figure 1.
Key
1 platform depth
2 platform width
Figure 1 — Platform width and depth
3.12
platform vertical travel distance
distance between the lowest and the highest positions respectively the platform can assume when its
surface is horizontal
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: The travel distance is a different concept from the height.
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Key
1 vertical travel distance
Figure 2 — Platform vertical travel distance
3.13
vertical speed
platform vertical travel distance divided by the time taken by the platform to move through this distance
3.14
load
any mass applied to the platform surface
Note 1 to entry: Loads include payload plus any load handling equipment and the mass of the operator if the
operator is standing on the platform.
3.15
maximum load
greatest permitted load as a function of the position of its centre of gravity on the platform as specified
by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
3.16
nominal load
maximum load having its centre of gravity on the centre line of the platform and placed at a distance from
the edge adjacent to the vehicle in elevated working position of either half the platform depth or 600 mm,
whichever is the lesser distance
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 3 and 4.
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Key
1 load
2 distance
3 maximum load
4 nominal load
5 distance as defined by the manufacturer
Figure 3 — Maximum and nominal load on the platform
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Key
1 centre of gravity of the load
2 half platform depth or 600 mm
Figure 4 — Nominal load
3.16.1
control device
any device used to operate the tail lift
EXAMPLE Button, switch, joystick, pedal, lever.
3.16.2
control unit
one or more fixed or mobile control devices grouped together as a single entity
3.17
control position
any location in which the operator may stand when using the control
3.18
drive system
any devices used to generate the movements of the tail lift
Note 1 to entry: See Annex C for examples.
3.19
working pressure
pressure at which each component is designed to operate in steady-state lifting and/or tilting conditions
3.20
installer
any person or organization fitting the tail lift onto the vehicle and commissioning it
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3.21
trained person
designated person, suitably trained qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with
the necessary instructions to enable the required operation, test and/or examination to be carried out
safely
3.22
appropriate language
language of the country in which the tail lift's wheeled vehicle is first registered, or, by agreement with
the user, a language of the country in which the vehicle will be predominantly used
4 List of hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt
with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce risk (see Table 1).
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Due to machine parts or workpieces, e.g.:
— potential energy (falling objects, height from 5.5.2; 5.13; Annex I
the ground, gravity)
— kinetic energy (acceleration, deceleration, 5.4.2; 5.4.3; 5.4.4
moving/rotating elements)
— mechanical strength (break-up) 5.12; 5.14.2.1; 5.14.2.2;
5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.2 by stored energy, e.g.:
— elastic elements (springs) 8.4.2.4
— liquids and gases under pressure; 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.3 Crushing 5.11; Annex B
1.4 Shearing 5.11; Annex B
1.5 Entanglement 5.14.2.1
1.6 Drawing-in or trapping 8.4.1; Annex B
1.7 Impact 5.2; 5.4; 5.10.2; 5.13.3;
5.18.2
1.8 Injection 5.14.3.2; 5.14.3.3
1.9 Slipping, tripping and falling 5.2, 5.13
1.10 Instability 5.16; Clause 6; Annex I
2 Material/substance hazards
2.1 Fire 5.9
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Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
3 Ergonomic hazards
3.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.2; 5.3; 5.18.2; Annex B
3.2 Inadequate consideration of anatomy 5.2; 5.18.2, Annex B;
Annex E
3.3 Inadequate local lighting 5.2; 8.4.2
3.4 Design or location of indicators and visual display 8.4.1
units
3.5 Design, location or identification of control devices 5.17; 5.18; Annex B;
Annex F
3.6 Human error during operation 5.17; 5.10; 8.4.1;
Annex B; Annex E
4
4.1 Failure/disorder of the control system and control 5.8; 5.9; 5.15.1; 5.17;
circuits 5.18.1; 5.14; Annex D
4.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.9; 5.17.1
4.3 Failure of the power supply 5.9
5 Hazards due to: 8.4.2; Annex H
— assembly and installation
— setting
— cleaning
— fault-finding
— maintenance
5.1 Maintenance 8.4.2; Annex H
6 Hazards relating to the travelling function
6.1 Movement without all parts in a safe position 5.10.1; 8.4.2.3
7 Hazards linked to the work position (including
driving station) on the machine
7.1 Fall of persons during access to or at/from the 5.2; Annex J
work position
7.2 Mechanical hazards at the work position 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13.1
— contact with the wheels
— rollover
— fall of objects, penetration by objects
— break-up of parts rotating at high speed
— contact of persons with machine parts or tools
(pedestrian controlled machines)
7.3 Insufficient visibility from the work positions 5.2; 5.18; Annex B;
Annex E
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Clause Significant hazards Clause of this document
8 Hazards due to the control system
8.1 Inadequate location of manual controls 5.18; Annex B
8.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their 5.17.2; 5.17.3; 5.17.7;
mode of operation Annex E; Annex F
9 Hazards from/to third persons
9.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.8
9.2 Drift of part away from its stopping position H.2.2
9.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning 5.2; 5.13.3; 5.17.3; 8.4.1
means
10 Hazards due to insufficient instructions for the
driver/operator
10.1 Insufficient instruction for the driver/operator 8.4.2.3
11 Mechanical hazards caused by load fails,
collisions, machine tipping
11.1 Lack of stability 5.2; 5.5; 5.6; 5.13; Annex I
11.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning 5.16; Annex I
moments exceeded
11.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.4
11.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.5.2; 5.13; 6
11.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.5.2
11.6 Insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.12; 5.13; 5.14; Annex D
11.7 Inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.12; 5.14; Annex D
11.8 Inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and 5.12; 5.14; Annex D
accessories and their inadequate integration into
t
...
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