SIST EN 16147:2011
(Main)Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors - Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units
Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors - Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units
This European Standard specifies methods for testing and reporting of the rating and it specifies requirements for marking of air/water and water/water heat pumps with electrically driven compressors when used for domestic hot water. When these units are used for space heating, then EN 14511, part 1 - 4 applies. This European Standard applies to factory-made units which can be ducted. This European Standard applies only the testing procedure for the domestic hot water production of the heat pump systems. Note:Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for domestic hot water production and space heating are not treated in this standard. In the case of units consisting of several parts, the standard applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package.
This European Standard does not include any requirement about the quality of water.
Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Prüfungen und Anforderungen an die Kennzeichnung von Geräten zum Erwärmen von Brauchwarmwasser
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren zur Prüfung und Angabe der Leistung fest und enthält Anforderungen an die Kennzeichnung von Luft/Wasser , Sole/Wasser , Wasser/Wasser und Direktaustausch/
Wasser Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zum Erwärmen von Brauchwarmwasser. Werden diese Geräte für die Raumheizung eingesetzt, dann gilt EN 14511 alle Teile.
Im Falle von Luft-/Wasser Wärmepumpen umfasst diese Europäische Norm nur fabrikgefertigte Geräte, die an der Luftseite mit Luftkanälen versehen sein können.
Diese Europäische Norm umfasst nur das Prüfverfahren für die Brauchwarmwasserbereitung der Wärme-pumpensysteme.
ANMERKUNG Prüfverfahren für gleichzeitige Brauchwarmwasserbereitung und Raumheizung sind in dieser Norm nicht behandelt. Gleichzeitig bedeutet, dass die Brauchwarmwasserbereitung und die Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung zur gleichen Zeit erfolgen und in Wechselwirkung treten können.
Bei Geräten, die aus mehreren Anlagenteilen bestehen, gilt die Norm nur für die Geräte, die als vollständige Einheit konstruiert und geliefert werden.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält keine Anforderungen an die Qualität des Wassers.
Pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entrainé par moteur électrique - Essais et exigences pour le marquage des appareils pour eau chaude sanitaire
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes d’essai, le mode d'expression des résultats, ainsi que les exigences de marquage des pompes à chaleur air-eau, eau glycolée-eau, eau-eau et détente directe-eau, équipées d’un compresseur entraîné par un moteur électrique, raccordées ou incluant un réservoir de stockage d'eau chaude domestique. Lorsque ces appareils sont utilisés pour le chauffage de locaux, alors les parties 1 à 4 de l’EN 14511 s'appliquent.
La présente Norme européenne ne comprend que les appareils fabriqués en usine pouvant être raccordés côté air.
La présente Norme européenne ne comprend que les méthodes d’essai destinées au système de pompe à chaleur pour la production d'eau chaude domestique.
NOTE Les méthodes d’essai applicables simultanément à la production d’eau chaude domestique et au chauffage des locaux ne sont pas traitées dans la présente norme. Le terme « simultané » signifie que la production d'eau chaude domestique et la génération du chauffage des locaux s'effectuent en même temps et peuvent interagir.
Dans le cas d'appareils composés d’éléments séparés, la présente norme ne s'applique qu'aux appareils conçus et fournis comme un ensemble.
La présente Norme européenne ne présente pas d'exigences relatives à la qualité de l'eau.
Toplotne črpalke z električnimi kompresorji - Preskušanje in zahteve za označevanje naprav/enot za gretje (gospodinjske) vode
Ta evropski standard določa metode za preskušanje in poročanje ocenjevanja in določa zahteve za označevanje toplotnih črpalk zrak/voda in voda/voda z električno gnanimi kompresorji, kadar se uporabljajo za gretje (gospodinjske) vode. Kadar so te enote uporabljene za gretje prostora, velja EN 14511, 1–4. del. Ta evropski standard velja za tovarniško izdelane enote, ki se lahko uporabijo v ceveh. Ta evropski standard velja samo za preskusne postopke za sisteme toplotnih črpalk za gretje (gospodinjske) vode.
OPOMBA: Preskusni postopki za istočasno delovanje za gretje (gospodinjske) vode in ogrevanje prostora, niso zajeti v tem standardu. Pri enotah, sestavljenih iz več kosov, standard velja samo za tiste, ki so načrtovani in dostavljeni kot celoten paket.
Ta evropski standard ne vključuje nobenih zahtev po kakovosti vode.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Prüfungen und Anforderungen an die Kennzeichnung von Geräten zum Erwärmen von BrauchwarmwasserPompes à chaleur avec compresseur entrainé par moteur électrique - Essais et exigences pour le marquage des appareils pour eau chaude sanitaireHeat pumps with electrically driven compressors - Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units91.140.65Oprema za ogrevanje vodeWater heating equipment27.080Heat pumps23.140VWURMLCompressors and pneumatic machinesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16147:2011SIST EN 16147:2011en,fr,de01-maj-2011SIST EN 16147:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 255-3:2001/AC:2001SIST EN 255-3:20011DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 16147:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16147
January 2011 ICS 27.080; 27.200 Supersedes EN 255-3:1997English Version
Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors - Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units
Pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entrainé par moteur électrique - Essais et exigences pour le marquage des appareils pour eau chaude sanitaire
Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Prüfungen und Anforderungen an die Kennzeichnung von Geräten zum Erwärmen von Brauchwarmwasser This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 December 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16147:2011: ESIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 41Scope . 52Normative references . 53Terms and definitions . 54Symbols and abbreviations . 65General test requirements . 85.1Test apparatus and uncertainties . 85.2Test room for the outdoor heat exchanger of air source heat pumps . 105.3Setting the external static pressure difference on the air side for heat pumps with duct connection . 105.3.1All units . 105.3.2Non ducted units. 105.3.3Ducted units . 115.4Installation and connection of the heat pump . 115.5Installation of heat pumps consisting of several parts . 125.6Test conditions . 126Performance test and determination of the energy consumption . 136.1General . 136.2Basic principles, scope of the tests. 136.3Heating up period . 146.4Standby power input . 156.5Useful energy, electricity consumption and COP by using reference tapping cycles . 156.5.1Reference tapping cycles . 156.5.2Determination of the daily useful energy . 216.5.3Determination of the daily electricity consumption . 236.5.4Coefficient of performance (COPDHW) . 256.6Reference hot water temperature and maximum volume of usable hot water . 266.7Temperature operating range . 276.7.1General . 276.7.2Outside the operating range . 286.8Safety devices checking test . 286.8.1General . 286.8.2Shutting off the heat transfer medium flows . 286.8.3Complete power supply failure . 286.8.4Condensate draining . 297Test results and test report . 297.1Data to be recorded . 297.2Test report . 317.2.1General information . 317.2.2Main results . 318Marking . 329Documentation . 329.1Technical data sheet . 329.1.1General description . 329.1.2Performance characteristics . 329.2Instructions . 339.2.1General . 339.2.2Physical description . 33SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 3 9.2.3Additional heating devices, if integrated in unit . 339.2.4Control and safety . 339.2.5Instructions for installation . 339.2.6Instructions for maintenance . 34Bibliography . 35 SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16147:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 113 “Heat pumps and air conditioning units”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 255-3:1997. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate M/324 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
This document has been prepared by the working group CEN/TC 113/WG 10 "Heat pumps and air conditioners". This standard was submitted to enquiry under the reference prEN 255-3 which has been changed before Formal Vote to FprEN 16147. This European Standard references the document TREN D1 D(2002) M/324 for information on “Water-Heaters, Hot Water Storage Appliances and Water Heating Systems”.
Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for domestic hot water production and space heating are not treated in this standard. In this standard the basis of the measurements are the daily EU-Reference-Tapping-Cycles defined in the mandate M/324. Presently there is no standard fixed for daily cycles for the space heating mode. The following technical and general modifications have been introduced during the revision: − The new COPDHW is smaller than the former COPt of EN 255-3, since heat losses of the hot water storage tank are not considered in the calculation of the COPDHW, whereas the former standard EN 255-3 accounted these losses. − In EN 16147, five different daily tapping profiles (S, M, L, XL, and XXL) for different storage tank sizes can be selected in order to determine the coefficient of performance. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for testing and reporting of the rating and it specifies requirements for marking of air/water, brine/water, water/water and direct exchange/water heat pumps with electrically driven compressors connected to or including a domestic hot water storage tank. When these units are used for space heating, then EN 14511 (all parts) applies. In case of air-to-water heat pumps, this European Standard comprises only factory-made units which can be ducted on the airside. This European Standard comprises only the testing procedure for the domestic hot water production of the heat pump system. NOTE Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for domestic hot water production and space heating are not treated in this standard. Simultaneous means that domestic hot water production and space heating generation occur at the same time and may interact. In the case of units consisting of several parts, the standard applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete package. This European Standard does not include any requirement about the quality of water. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including amendments) applies. EN 14511-1:2007, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 1: Terms and definitions EN 14511-2, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 2: Test conditions EN 14511-3, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 3: Test methods EN 14511-4, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 4: Requirements EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60335-2-40, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical heat pumps, air-conditioners and dehumidifiers (IEC 60335-2-40:2002, modified) EN 61000-3-11, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 3-11: Limits — Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems — Equipment with rated current ≤ 75 A and subject to conditional connection (IEC 61000-3-11:2000) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14511-1:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 heat pump for heating domestic water heat pump as defined in EN 14511-1 connected to or including a domestic hot water storage tank SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 6 3.2 domestic hot water water heated for household or similar purposes 3.3 nominal volume (Vn) volume of water that is assigned to the storage tank by the manufacturer and marked on it 3.4 indoor air heat source for a heat pump which absorbs heat by an air heat exchanger in direct contact with the air inside a building 3.5 coefficient of performance for tapping domestic hot water (COPDHW) coefficient of Performance which is determined by the use of EU reference tapping cycles and which includes the heat losses of the storage tank
NOTE See Foreword, 10th paragraph, 1st indent. 3.6 reference hot water temperature (θθθθ’WH) temperature determined as the mean value of the average temperatures during one tapping which ends when the hot water temperature is below 40 °C 3.7 maximum volume of usable hot water (Vmax) total volume of hot water with a temperature of 40 °C produced from water at a temperature of not less than 40 °C and cold water at temperature of 10 °C NOTE See 6.6. 3.8 off-peak product product that is designed to fulfill the requirements of the tapping pattern between 7:00 and 22:00 without external energy supply, e.g. to enable operation at off-peak / low-tariff periods 3.9 operating range working range for the heat pump as specified by the manufacturer and covered by full manufacturer warranty 4 Symbols and abbreviations Symbol Description
Units cp Specific heat capacity of water
kJ/(kg*K) nTAP Number of tappings during a tapping cycle
- Pes Standby power input
kW QEL-Tap Calculated heat energy produced by electricity (resistance heater) to reach the required tapping temperature
kWh QEL-TC Calculated heat energy produced by electricity (resistance heater) during the whole tapping cycle
kWh SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 7 QHP-Tap Useful heat energy produced by heat pump during one tapping
kWh QHP-TC Useful heat energy produced by heat pump during the whole tapping cycle
kWh QTap Total useful heat energy during one tapping
kWh QTC Total useful heat energy during the whole tapping cycle
kWh T Temperature
K t Time
s th Heating up time
s tes Duration of one on-off-cycle (period between the last and second-last switch-off of compressor) of the heat pump to determine the standby power input
s tTAP Time length of one tapping
s tTTC Time period of test cycle in hours
h AirV& Nominal air volume flow rate
m3/s FluidV& Measured liquid volume flow rate
m3/s TapV& Volume flow rate of hot water during tapping
m3/s Vmax Maximum volume of usable hot water
m3 Weh Heating up energy input
kWh WEL-Corr Electrical energy consumption of fans or liquid pumps
kWh WEL-HP-TC Total electrical energy consumption of the heat pump during the whole tapping cycle
kWh WEL-M-TC Measured electrical energy consumption during the whole tapping cycle
kWh WEL-TC Total electrical energy consumption during a tapping cycle
kWh Wes Energy input during the last on-off-cycle (period between the last and second-last switch-off of compressor) to determine the standby power input
kWh ûpext Difference of external static pressure
Pa ûpint Difference of internal static pressure
Pa ûTdesired Set temperature difference between hot water temperature and cold water temperature
K Q, Boundary Temperature at operating range limit
°C WC Cold water temperature
°C WH Hot water temperature
°C SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 8 ’WH Reference hot water temperature
°C ρ (T) Density of the hot water depending on the temperature at the flow meter
kg/m3
5 General test requirements 5.1 Test apparatus and uncertainties The test apparatus shall be designed in such a way that all requirements for adjustment of set values, stability criteria and uncertainties of measurement according to this European Standard can be fulfilled. Water systems or other heat transfer liquid systems shall be sufficiently free of entrained gas as to ensure that the measured results are not significantly influenced. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the domestic water are measured in the centre of the flow and as close as possible to the appliance. The response time of the temperature sensor and the sampling interval have to be chosen to maintain the uncertainties in Table 1. Ducted air systems shall be sufficiently airtight to ensure that the measured results are not significantly influenced by exchange of air with the surroundings. The uncertainties of measurement shall not exceed the values specified in Table 1, the permissible deviations shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2. In addition the maximal permissible deviation of thermal energy for the complete tapping cycle shall be less than 5 %.
SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 9 Table 1 Uncertainties of measurement for indicated values Measured quantity Unit Uncertainty of measurement Domestic hot water - temperature - temperature difference - volume - volume flow - thermal energy (complete tapping cycle)
°C K dm3 dm3/s kWh
± 0,2 K ± 0,2 K ± 2 % ± 2 % ± 5 % Liquid (heat transfer medium)
- temperature
inlet / outlet
- volume flow
- static pressure difference
- brine concentration
°C m3/s Pa
%
± 0,15 K ± 1 % ± 5 Pa (∆p ≤ 100 Pa) ± 5 % (∆p > 100 Pa) ± 2 % Air (heat source)
- dry bulb temperature
- wet bulb temperature
-
volume flow
- static pressure difference
°C
°C
dm3/s
Pa
± 0,2 K ± 0,3 K ± 5 % ± 5 Pa (∆p ≤ 100 Pa) ± 5 % (∆p > 100 Pa) Electrical quantities
- electric power
- electrical energy
- voltage
- current
W kWh V A
± 1 % ± 1 % ± 0,5 % ± 0,5 % SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 10 Table 2 Permissible deviations from set values
Measured quantity Permissible deviation of the arithmetic mean values from set values Permissible deviations of individual measured values from set values Domestic hot water - inlet temperature - volume flow
± 1 K ± 5 %
± 1 K ± 10 % Liquid (heat transfer medium)
- inlet temperature
- outlet temperature
- volume flow a
- static pressure difference a
± 0,2 K ± 0,3 K ± 2 % -
± 0,5 K ± 0,6 K ± 5 % ± 10 % Air
- inlet temperature
(dry bulb/wet bulb)
- ambient temperature
(if not used as heat source)
- volume flow
- static pressure difference
± 0,3 K
± 1 K
± 5 % -
± 1 K
± 2 K
± 10 % ± 10 % Voltage ± 4 % ± 4 % a
Frosting period excluded.
5.2 Test room for the outdoor heat exchanger of air source heat pumps The size of the test room shall be selected to avoid any resistance to air flow at the air inlet and air outlet orifices of the test object. The air flow through the room shall not be capable of initiating any short circuit between the two orifices, and therefore the velocity of air flow at these two locations shall not exceed 1,5 m/s when the test object is switched off. The air velocity in the room shall also not be higher than the mean velocity through the unit inlet. Unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer, the air inlet and air outlet orifices shall not be less than 1 m from the surfaces of the test room; this also applies to any measuring ducts. Any direct heat radiation (e.g. solar radiation) onto heating units in the test room onto the heat pump or onto the temperature measuring points shall be avoided. 5.3 Setting the external static pressure difference on the air side for heat pumps with duct connection 5.3.1 All units The test conditions are given in Table 4 and Table 5. If liquid heat transfer media other than water are used, the specific heat capacity and density of such heat transfer media shall be determined and taken into consideration in the evaluation. Table 2 states permissible deviations of the measured values from the test conditions. 5.3.2 Non ducted units For non ducted units, the adjustable settings such as louvers and fan speed shall be set according to the manufacturer instruction. SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 11 5.3.3 Ducted units The volume flow and the pressure difference shall be related to standard air and with dry evaporator. The air flow rate given by the manufacturer shall be converted into standard air conditions. The air flow rate setting shall be made when the fan only is operating, at standard air conditions. The rated airflow rate given by the manufacturer shall be set and the resulting external static pressure (ESP) measured. This ESP shall be greater than the minimum value given in Table 3 but not greater than 80 % of the maximum external static pressure specified by the manufacturer. If the fan of the unit has an adjustable speed, it shall be adjusted to the lowest speed providing the minimum ESP given in Table 3 or greater. If the maximum ESP of the unit is lower than the minimum ESP given in Table 3, then the air flow rate is lowered to achieve an ESP equal to 80 % of the maximum ESP of the manufacturer. In case this ESP is lower than 25 Pa, the unit can be considered as a free delivery unit and be tested as a non ducted unit with an ESP of 0 Pa. Table 3 Pressure requirement for air-to-water heat pumps Standard capacity
ratings kW Minimum external static
pressure a
b Pa 0 < Q < 8 25 8 ≤ Q < 12 37 12 ≤ Q < 20 50 20 ≤ Q < 30 62 30 ≤ Q < 45 75 45 ≤ Q < 82 100 82 ≤ Q < 117 125 117 ≤ Q < 147 150 Q ≥ 147 175 a
For equipment tested without an air filter installed, the minimum external static pressure shall be increased by 10 Pa. b
If the manufacturer’s installation instructions state that the maximum allowable discharge duct length is less than 1 m, then the required minimum external static pressure shall be 10 Pa.
5.4 Installation and connection of the heat pump The heat pump shall be installed and connected for the test as recommended by the manufacturer in his installation and operation manual. The accessories provided by option (for example heating element) are not included in the test. Temperature and pressure measuring points shall be arranged in order to obtain significant mean values. Set points for internal control equipment of the unit such as thermostats, pressure switches or mixing valves should be set to the values stated by the manufacturer. SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 12 For heat pumps separated from the tank, connections to the tank shall be made as recommended by the manufacturer. Piping shall be well insulated and made as short as possible and with as few possible bends as possible. The pump shall operate at maximum speed unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. 5.5 Installation of heat pumps consisting of several parts In the case of heat pumps consisting of several refrigeration parts (split heat pumps) the following installation conditions shall be complied with for the tests: a) each refrigerant line shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; the length of each line shall be between 5 m and 7,5 m; b) the lines shall be installed so that the difference in elevation does not exceed 2,5 m; c) thermal insulation shall be applied to the lines in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; d) unless constrained by the design at least half of the interconnecting lines shall be exposed to the outdoor conditions with the rest of the lines exposed to the indoor conditions. For indirect systems each water or brine line shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to the maximum stated length or 5 m whichever is shorter. Thermal insulation shall be applied to the lines in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 5.6 Test conditions Permissible deviations from set values are described in Table 2. The tests shall be carried out at the test conditions specified in Table 4 and Table 5 as appropriate.
Table 4 Test conditions applicable to all systems Measured variable Set value
Power supply voltage
Rated voltage
Power supply frequency
Rated frequency
Air flow rate on the heat source side
Nominal, as indicated by the manufacturer.
When only a range is given, tests are to
be carried out at the maximum value.
Temperature of the incoming cold water (°C)
10
Hot water flow rate (l/min)
4 or 10 (see Table 6)
SIST EN 16147:2011
EN 16147:2011 (E) 13 Table 5 Test conditions for particular types of systems Type of heat source Heat source Aira temperature in °C Heat source inlet/outlet or bathb
temperature in °C Range of ambient temperature of heat pump in °°°°C Ambient temperature of
storage tank
in °°°°C Outside air heat pump
(placed indoor side)
Outside air heat pump (outdoor side)
Indoor air
Exhaust air
Water
Brine
Direct evaporation 7 (6)
7 (6)
15 (12)
20 (12)
10 / 7
0 / -3
4
from 15 to 30
heat source temperature
heat source temperature
from 15 to 30
from 15 to 30
from 15 to 30
from 15 to 30
20
20
15
20
20
20
20 a All air temperatures are dry-bulb with wet bulb temperatures in brackets. b
Brine mean bath temperature for direct evaporation testing.
6 Performance test and determination of the energy consumption 6.1 General The test methods described in this clause are designed to determine the energy consumption and the performance of heat pump for heating domestic water.
The appliance shall be installed and adjusted in the initial state conditions and in the initial adjustment conditions defined in 5.1. 6.2 Basic principles, scope of the tests The tests consist of the following six principal stages (see Figure 1, Key 1): A heating up period (see 6.3) B determination of standby power input (see 6.4) C determination of the energy consumption and the coefficient of performance for heating domestic water by using the reference tapping cycles (see 6.5). Different tappings in one tapping cycle (see Table 7 to Table 11 and Figure 2) D determination of a reference hot water temperature and the maximum quantity of usable hot water in a single tapping (see 6.6) E test to determine
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 255-3:2008
01-december-2008
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Air conditioners. liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors - Heating mode - Testing and requirements for marking for domestic hot
water units
Luftkonditionerer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen
Verdichtern - Heizen - Prüfungen und Anforderungen and die Kennzeichnung von
Geräten zum Erwärmen von Brauchwarmwasser
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur
entrainé par moteur électrique - Mode chauffage - Essais et exigences pour le marquage
pour les appareils pour eau chaude sanitaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 255-3
ICS:
27.080 7RSORWQHþUSDONH Heat pumps
27.200 Hladilna tehnologija Refrigerating technology
oSIST prEN 255-3:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 255-3:2008
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 255-3:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 255-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2008
ICS Will supersede EN 255-3:1997
English Version
Air conditioners. liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with
electrically driven compressors - Heating mode - Testing and
requirements for marking for domestic hot water units
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à Luftkonditionerer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und
chaleur avec compresseur entrainé par moteur électrique - Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern -
Mode chauffage - Essais et exigences pour le marquage Heizen - Prüfungen und Anforderungen and die
pour les appareils pour eau chaude sanitaire Kennzeichnung von Geräten zum Erwärmen von
Brauchwarmwasser
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 113.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 255-3:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 255-3:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Symbols and abbreviations .5
5 General test requirements .6
5.1 Test apparatus, limits on uncertainties.6
5.2 Test room for the outdoor heat exchanger of air source heat pumps.6
5.3 Setting the external static pressure difference on the air side for heat pumps with duct
connection.6
5.4 Setting the external pressure difference on the liquid side of heat pumps with integral
liquid pumps.7
5.5 Installation and connection of the heat pump .7
5.6 Installation of heat pumps consisting of several parts .7
5.7 Test conditions .7
6 Performance test and determination of the energy consumption.8
6.1 General.8
6.2 Basic principles, scope of the tests.8
6.3 Heating up period .9
6.4 Standby power input .10
6.5 Useful energy, electricity consumption and COP by using reference tapping cycles.10
6.6 Reference hot water temperature and maximum volume of usable hot water .20
6.7 Temperature operating range.21
6.8 Security tests .22
7 Test results and test report .23
7.1 Data to be recorded .23
7.2 Test report .24
8 Marking .25
9 Documentation.25
9.1 Technical data sheet .25
9.2 Instructions .26
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Foreword
This document (prEN 255-3:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 113 “Heat pumps and
air conditioning units”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 255-3:1997.
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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for testing and reporting of the rating and it specifies requirements
for marking of air/water and water/water heat pumps with electrically driven compressors when used for
domestic hot water. When these units are used for space heating, then EN 14511, part 1 - 4 applies.
This European Standard applies to factory-made units which can be ducted.
This European Standard applies only the testing procedure for the domestic hot water production of the heat
pump systems.
Note:
Testing procedures for simultaneous operation for domestic hot water production and space heating are not treated in this
standard.
In the case of units consisting of several parts, the standard applies only to those designed and supplied as a complete
package.
This European Standard does not include any requirement about the quality of water.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14511-1, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for
space heating and cooling - Part 1: Terms and definitions.
EN 14511-2, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for
space heating and cooling - Part 2: Test conditions.
EN 14511-3, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for
space heating and cooling - Part 3: Test methods.
EN 14511-4, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for
space heating and cooling - Part 3: Requirements.
Mandate M/324, Measurement standards for household appliances; water heaters, hat water storage
appliances and water heating systems.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions and those in EN 14511-1 apply.
3.1
Heat pump for heating domestic water
Heat pump as defined in EN 14511-1 connected to a domestic hot water storage tank
3.2
Domestic hot water
Water heated for household or similar purposes
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3.3
Nominal volume (Vn)
Volume of water that is assigned to the storage tank by the manufacturer and marked on it
3.4
Indoor ambient air
In this standard, indoor ambient air is indicated as the heat source for a heat pump which absorbs heat by an
outdoor heat exchanger in direct contact with the air inside a building without any duct
3.5
Outside air
Air from the free atmosphere
3.6
Coefficient of performance for tapping domestic hot water (COPt)
Coefficient of performance determined by the use of EU reference tapping cycles. This value includes the heat
losses from the storage tank
3.7
Reference hot water temperature (T’wr)
Temperature determined as the mean value of the average temperatures during one tapping which ends
when the hot water temperature is below 40 °C
3.8
Maximum volume of usable hot water (Vmax)
Total of a volume of hot water with a temperature not less than 40 °C together with the volume of cold water at
10°C needed to produce an overall temperature of 40 °C (see chapter 5.6)
4 Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Description Units
T Temperature °C or K
t Time s
t Heating up time s
h
t Duration of one on-off-cycle of the heat pump to determine the standby power s
s
input
t Time length of test cycle in hours s
TTC
t Time length of one tapping s
TAP
n Number of tappings during a tapping cycle -
TAP
T Temperature hot water °C
WH
T Temperature cold water °C
WC
c Specific heat capacity of water kJ/(kg*K)
p
3
Density of the hot water depending on the temperature at the flow meter Kg/m
ρ (T)
W Heating up energy input kWh
eh
W Energy input during the last on-ff-cycle to determine the standby power input kWh
es
P Standby power input kW
es
Q Useful energy recovered by the water during one tapping kWh
HP-Tap
Q Calculated heat energy produced by electricity to reach the required tapping kWh
EL-Tap
temperatures
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Q Total heat recovery during a tapping kWh
Tap
Q Heat recovery produced by the heat pump during the whole tapping cycle kWh
HP-TC
Q Calculated heat recovery produced by electricity during the whole tapping cycle kWh
EL-TC
Q Total heat recovery during the tapping cycle kWh
TC
W Measured electrical energy consumption during the tapping cycle kWh
EL-M
W Electrical energy consumption of fans or liquid pumps kWh
EL-Corr
W Total electrical energy consumption of the heat pump during a tapping cycle kWh
EL-HP
W Total electrical energy consumption during a tapping cycle kWh
EL-TC
COP Coefficient of performance determined by using tapping cycles -
TC
5 General test requirements
5.1 Test apparatus, limits on uncertainties
The test apparatus shall be designed in such a way that all requirements for adjustment of set values, stability
criteria and accuracy of measurement according to this European Standard can be fulfilled.
Water systems or other heat transfer liquid systems shall be sufficiently free of entrained gas as to ensure that the
measured results are not significantly influenced.
Ducted air systems shall be sufficiently airtight to ensure that the measured results are not significantly influenced
by exchange of air with the surroundings.
Limits on uncertainties of measurement are described in EN 14511-3 (see 4.3).
The inlet and outlet temperatures of the domestic water are measured in the centre of the flow and as close as
possible to the appliance.
The hot water temperature is measured with a rapid response thermometer to fulfil the following requirements.
The useful energy recovered Q at each individual tapping is set against the values given in Tables 3, 4, 5, 6
Tap
and 7. For each individual delivery, the accuracy of the value shall be ± 10 Wh or ± 5 % with a tolerance on
the total energy content of the tapping cycle of ± 5 %.
5.2 Test room for the outdoor heat exchanger of air source heat pumps
The size of the test room shall be selected to avoid any resistance to air flow at the air inlet and air outlet orifices
of the test object. The air flow through the room shall not be capable of initiating any short circuit between the two
orifices, and therefore the velocity of air flow at these two locations shall not exceed 1,5 m/s when the test object
is switched off. The air velocity in the room shall also not be greater than the mean velocity through the unit inlet.
Unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer, the air inlet and air outlet orifices shall not be less than 1 m from the
surfaces of the test room; this also applies to any measuring ducts.
Any direct heat radiation (p. ex. solar radiation) from heating units in the test room onto the heat pump or onto the
temperature measuring points shall be avoided.
5.3 Setting the external static pressure difference on the air side for heat pumps with duct
connection
The setting is described in EN 14511-3 (see 4.4.1.1 - 4.4.1.3).
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5.4 Setting the external pressure difference on the liquid side of heat pumps with integral
liquid pumps
For heat pumps separated from the tank, the liquid flow rate has to be set on the liquid outlet side of the heat
pump to the nominal flow rate specified by the manufacturer.
5.5 Installation and connection of the heat pump
The heat pump shall be installed and connected for the test as recommended by the manufacturer in his
installation and operation manual.
Temperature and pressure measuring points shall be arranged in order to obtain significant mean values.
Set points for internal control equipment of the unit such as thermostats, pressure switches or mixing valves
should be set to the values stated by the manufacturer.
Air and entrained gases shall be carefully removed from all water and other heat transfer liquid systems.
5.6 Installation of heat pumps consisting of several parts
In the case of heat pumps consisting of several refrigeration parts (split heat pumps) the following installation
conditions shall be complied with for the tests:
a) each refrigerant line shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The length of
each line must be between 5 m and 7,5 m;
b) the lines shall be installed so that the difference in elevation does not exceed 1 m;
c) thermal insulation shall be applied to the lines in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
d) unless constrained by the design at least half of the interconnecting lines shall be exposed to the outdoor
conditions with the rest of the lines exposed to the indoor conditions.
For indirect systems each water line shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to the
maximum stated length or 5 m whichever is shorter. Thermal insulation shall be applied to the lines in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
5.7 Test conditions
Permissible deviations from set values are described in EN 14511-3 and table 1. The tests shall be carried out at
the test conditions specified in tables 1 and 2 as appropriate.
Table 1 - Test conditions applicable to all systems
Measured variable Set value
Power supply voltage Rated voltage
Power supply frequency Rated frequency
Air flowrate on the heat source side Nominal, as indicated by the manufacturer.
When only a range is given, tests are to
be carried out at the minimum value.
Temperature of the incoming cold water (°C) 10
Hot water flowrate (l/min) 4 or 10 (see table 3 and 5.6)
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Table 2 - Test conditions for particular types of systems
Type of heat source Heat source temperature Range of ambient Ambient temperature of
°°C temperature of heat pump storage tank
°°
°°°°C °°°°C
Outside air (heat pump 7 (6) from 15 to 30 20
indoor) with air duct
Outside air (heat pump 7 (6) heat source temperature 20
outdoor)
Indoor ambient air 15 (12) 15 * 15
Exhaust air 20 (12) from 15 to 30 20
Water 10 / 7 from 15 to 30 20
Brine 0 / -3 from 15 to 30 20
Direct evaporation 4 from 15 to 30 20
*) In this case the ambient temperature of the heat pump is the same than the temperature of the heat source.
Note 1: All heat source temperatures are inlet temperatures in degrees Celsius.
Note 2: All air temperatures in brackets are wet bulb temperatures in degrees Celsius.
Note 3: Permissible external pressure difference and associated internal pressure difference at the outdoor heat
exchanger shall be indicated by the manufacturer in Pa for appliances with duct connection.
6 Performance test and determination of the energy consumption
6.1 General
The methods of the tests described in this clause are designed to determine the energy consumption and the
performance of heat pumps for heating domestic water.
The appliance shall be installed and adjusted in the initial state conditions and in the initial adjustment
conditions defined in 4.1.
6.2 Basic principles, scope of the tests
The tests consist of the following 6 principal stages (see figure 1):
A heating up period (see 5.3)
B determination of standby power input (see 5.4)
C determination of the energy consumption and the coefficient of performance for heating domestic water by
using the reference tapping cycles (see 5.5)
D determination of a reference hot water temperature and the maximum quantity of usable hot water in a
single tapping (see 5.6)
E test to determine the temperature operating range
F security tests
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Figure 1: Stages and order of the tests
All tests are performed with power supplied at the rated voltage and frequency as recommended by the
manufacturer. After the initial start of the heat pump the power supply is left on for the duration of the test.
Any supplementary heat supply which can be manually switched by the user shall be switched off during the
entire test.
If the water heater is equipped with a mixing valve for the hot water this valve shall be set at the manufacturer's
recommended setting throughout the test.
The thermostat of the water heater shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendation and shall
remain in the same position for the duration of the test. At least one thermostat shall sense the temperature of the
domestic hot water in the tank to make the described test procedure valid.
6.3 Heating up period
Measurements are made of the time necessary to heat the stored quantity of water from an initial state of uniform
low temperature until the first time the compressor is switched off by the thermostat sensing the water
temperature in the tank. The corresponding input of electrical energy is measured.
The test is started with the entire content of the storage tank at the temperature of the ambient air specified in
table 2. This is achieved by circulating the water until the temperature at the outlet is within the limits for the
ambient air. It shall be ensured that the entire heat pump system is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.
The heat pump is switched on.
The heating up time, t , is measured from the time the heat pump is switched on until it is shut off by the hot water
h
thermostat situated in the tank.
The heating up energy input, W , is determined over the same period as the heating up time.
eh
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6.4 Standby power input
The standby power input is determined by measuring the electrical power input over an integral number of on-off
cycles of the heat pump, initiated by the thermostat situated in the tank, when no hot water is drawn off.
After the thermostat shuts off the heat pump following the heating up period, the system is left to operate for a
number of full cycles or a minimal time with no hot water being tapped.
The test takes minimum 48 hours or maximum 6 on-off-cycles. Then the duration t , and the energy input W of
s es
the last on-off cycle are determined. The standby power input is determined by
W
es
= 3600∗ (1)
P
es
t
s
where
P standby power input in kW
es
Wes Energy input during the last on-ff-cycle in kWh
t Duration of the last on-off-cycle of the heat pump in s
s
This energy input W takes into account the correction of energy input of fans and liquid pumps calculated
es
according to 5.5.3 for their respective time of operation.
6.5 Useful energy, electricity consumption and COP by using reference tapping cycles
6.5.1 Reference tapping cycles
All patterns define a 24 h measurement cycle and within that cycle the starting times and the total energy
content (in kWh equivalent of hot water tapped) of each draw-off are defined.
There are different types of delivery which can be differentiated by the temperature difference during the
tapping:
“Basin” type draw offs (bath, dish wash, floor cleaning): The aim is to achieve an average temperature of
the tab, so all supplied energy can be considered useful from the very beginning of the draw-off (minimum
useful temperature increase is 0 K).
All other types of draw off start to be useful only from a certain temperature (minimum useful temperature
increase is 15 K or 30 K over the cold water temperature).
The tapping flow rates used to perform the different types of tapping of each of the five tapping cycles are
defined in table 3.
If by design of the appliance the test cannot be carried out with this low flow rate, the minimum flow rate for
the test of the appliance is taken.
If by design the appliance is fitted with an excess flow valve, the tests are carried out with this excess flow rate.
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Table 3 - Used tapping cycles to determine COP
3
Nominal volume of the tank (m ) Tapping cycle nr.
Vn ≤ 0,120 1
2
0,120 < Vn ≤ 0,250
3
0,250 < Vn ≤ 0,400
0,400 < Vn ≤ 0,600 4
0,600 < Vn ≤ 0,900 5
Table 4 - Tapping flow rates
Hot water flow rates
Energy corresponding to a
Type of tapping
temperature rise of 45 K
(kWh)
(l/min)
Household cleaning 0,105 4 ± 0,5
Small 0,105 4 ± 0,5
Floor cleaning 0,105 4 ± 0,5
Dish washing 0,315 4 ± 0,5
Dish washing 0,420 4 ± 0,5
Dish washing 0,735 4 ± 0,5
Large (cycle n°1) 0,525 4 ± 0,5
Shower 1,400 10 ± 0,5
Shower (cycles n°4 et n°5) 1,820 10 ± 0,5
Bath 3,605 10 ± 0,5
Bath (cycle n°4) 4,420 10 ± 0,5
Shower + Bath (cycle n°5) 6,240 10 ± 0,5
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Table 5 - Tapping cycle n° 1
Start (h.min) Energy Type of delivery
∆∆∆∆T desired (K), Min. ∆∆∆∆T (K),
(kWh)
to be achieved = start of
during tapping counting
useful energy
1 07.00 0,105 Small 15
2 07.30 0,105 Small 15
3 08.30 0,105 Small 15
4 09.30 0,105 Small 15
5 11.30 0,105 Small 15
6 11.45 0,105 Small 15
7 12.45 0,315 Dish washing 45 0
8 18.00 0,105 Small 15
9 18.15 0,105 Household cleaning 30
10 20.30 0,420 Dish washing 45 0
11 21.30 0,525 Large 30
Total 2,1
3
Equivalent hot water at 60 °C 0,036 m
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Table 6: Tapping cycle n° 2
Start (h.min) Energy Type of delivery
∆∆∆∆T desired Min. ∆∆∆∆T (K),
(kWh)
(K), to be = start of
achieved counting
during useful
tapping energy
1 07.00 0,105 Small 15
2 07.15 1,400 Shower 30
3 07.30 0,105 Small 15
4 08.01 0,105 Small 15
5 08.15 0,105 Small 15
6 08.30 0,105 Small 15
7 08.45 0,105 Small 15
8 09.00 0,105 Small 15
9 09.30 0,105 Small 15
10 10.30 0,105 Floor cleaning 30 0
11 11.30 0,105 Small 15
12 11.45 0,105 Small 15
13 12.45 0,315 Dish washing 45 0
14 14.30 0,105 Small 15
15 15.30 0,105 Small 15
16 16.30 0,105 Small 15
17 18.00 0,105 Small 15
18 18.15 0,105 Household cleaning 30
19 18.30 0,105 Household cleaning 30
20 19.00 0,105 Small 15
21 20.30 0,735 Dish washing 45 0
22 21.15 0,105 Small 15
23 21.30 1,400 Shower 30
Total 5,845
3
Equivalent hot water at 60 °C 0,1002 m
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Table 7: Tapping cycle n° 3
Start (h.min) Energy Type of delivery
∆∆∆∆T desired Min. ∆∆∆∆T (K),
(kWh)
(K), to be = start of
achieved counting
during useful
tapping energy
1 07.00 0,105 Small 15
2 07.05 1,400 Shower 30
3 07.30 0,105 Small 15
4 07.45 0,105 Small 15
5 08.05 3,605 Bath 30 0
6 08.25 0,105 Small 15
7 08.30 0,105 Small 15
8 08.45 0,105 Small 15
9 09.00 0,105 Small 15
10 09.30 0,105 Small 15
11 10.30 0,105 Floor cleaning 30 0
12 11.30 0,105 Small 15
13 11.45 0,105 Small 15
14 12.45 0,315 Dish washing 45 0
15 14.30 0,105 Small 15
16 15.30 0,105 Small 15
17 16.30 0,105 Small 15
18 18.00 0,105 Small 15
19 18.15 0,105 Household cleaning 30
20 18.30 0,105 Household cleaning 30
21 19.00 0,105 Small 15
22 20.30 0,735 Dish washing 45 0
23 21.00 3,605 Bath 30 0
24 21.30 0,105 Small 15
Total 11,655
3
Equivalent hot water at 60 °C 0,1998 m
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Table 8: Tapping cycle n° 4
Start (h.min) Energy Type of delivery
∆∆∆∆T desired Min. ∆∆∆∆T (K),
(kWh)
(K), to be = start of
achieved counting
during useful
tapping energy
1 07.00 0,105 Small 15
2 07.15 1,82 Shower 30
3 07.26 0,105 Small 15
4 07.45 4,42 Bath 30 0
5 08.05 0,105 Small 15
6 08.15 0,105 Small 15
7 08.30 0,105 Small 15
8 08.45 0,105 Small 15
9 09.00 0,105 Small 15
10 09.30 0,105 Small 15
11 10.00 0,105 Small 15
12 10.30 0,105 Floor cleaning 30 0
13 11.00 0,105 Small 15
14 11.30 0,105 Small 15
15 11.45 0,105 Small 15
16 12.45 0,735 Dish washing 45 0
17 14.30 0,105 Small 15
18 15.00 0,105 Small 15
19 15.30 0,105 Small 15
20 16.00 0,105 Small 15
21 16.30 0,105 Small 15
22 17.00 0,105 Small 15
23 18.00 0,105 Small 15
24 18.15 0,105 Household cleaning 30
25 18.30 0,105 Household cleaning 30
26 19.00 0,105 Small 15
27 20.30 0,735 Dish washing 45 0
28 20.46 4,42 Bath 30 0
29 21.15 0,105 Small 15
30 21.30 4,42 Bath 30 0
Total 19,07
3
Equivalent hot water at 60 °C 0,325 m
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Table 9: Tapping cycle n° 5
Start (h.min) Energy Type of delivery
∆∆∆∆T desired Min. ∆∆∆∆T (K),
(kWh)
(K), to be = start of
achieved
...
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