SIST EN 16908:2017
(Main)Cement and building lime - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804
Cement and building lime - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 15804
The general scope of the core product category rules (PCR) is given in EN 15804, clause 1. This PCR is primarily intended for the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs of cement and building lime. In other respects, the scope is as in EN 15804.
Zement und Baukalk - Umweltproduktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln in Ergänzung zu EN 15804
Der allgemeine Anwendungsbereich der Grundregeln für die Produktkategorien (PCR) ist in EN 15804, Abschnitt 1, angegeben.
Diese PCR dient in erster Linie der Erstellung von "von der Wiege bis zum Werkstor"-EPD für Zement und Baukalk.
Ansonsten entspricht der Anwendungsbereich EN 15804.
Ciment et chaux de construction - Déclarations environnementales sur les produits - Règles de catégorie de produits complémentaires de l’EN 15804
Le domaine d’application général des règles de catégorie de produits (RCP) de base est donné dans l’EN 15804, Article 1.
Les présentes RCP sont principalement destinées à la création de DEP du berceau à la sortie de l’usine relatives au ciment et à la chaux de construction.
Concernant les autres aspects, le domaine d’application est celui de l’EN 15804.
Cement in gradbeno apno - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za kategorije proizvodov, ki dopolnjujejo EN 15804
Splošno področje uporabe osnovnih pravil za kategorije proizvodov (PCR) je podano v standardu EN 15804, točka 1. Ta pravila za kategorije proizvodov so namenjena predvsem za pripravo okoljskih deklaracij za proizvode (»od zibelke do vrat«) za cement in gradbeno apno. V drugih pogledih je področje uporabe v skladu s standardom EN 15804.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Cement in gradbeno apno - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za kategorije proizvodov, ki dopolnjujejo EN 15804Zement und Baukalk - Umweltproduktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln in Ergänzung zu EN 15804Ciment et chaux de construction - Déclarations environnementales sur les produits - Règles de catégorie de produits complémentaires de l’EN 15804Cement and building lime - Environmental product declarations - Product category rules complementary to EN 1580491.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar13.020.20Okoljska ekonomija. TrajnostnostEnvironmental economics. SustainabilityICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16908:2017SIST EN 16908:2017en,fr,de01-maj-2017SIST EN 16908:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16908:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16908
February
t r s y ICS
{ sä r s rä { {â
{ sä s r rä s r English Version
Cement and building lime æ Environmental product declarations æ Product category rules complementary to EN
s w z r v Ciment et chaux de construction æ Déclarations environnementales sur les produits æ Règles de catégorie de produits complémentaires de l 5EN
s w z r v Zement und Baukalk æ Umweltproduktdeklarationen æ Produktkategorieregeln in Ergänzung zu EN
s w z r v This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t s November
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x { r zã t r s y ESIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Abbreviations . 6 5 General aspects . 6 5.1 Objective of the Core PCR . 6 5.2 Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered . 6 5.3 Comparability of EPD for construction products . 6 5.4 Additional information . 7 5.5 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD . 7 5.6 Communication formats . 7 6 Product Category Rules for LCA . 7 6.1 Product category . 7 6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included . 7 6.2.1 General . 7 6.2.2 A1-A3, Product stage, information modules . 7 6.2.3 A4-A5, Construction process stage, information modules . 7 6.2.4 B1-B5, Use stage, information modules related to the building fabric . 7 6.2.5 B6-B7, Use stage, information modules related to the operation of the building . 7 6.2.6 C1-C4, End-of-life-stage, information modules. 8 6.2.7 D, Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module . 8 6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA . 8 6.3.1 Functional unit . 8 6.3.2 Declared unit . 8 6.3.3 Reference service life (RSL). 8 6.3.4 System boundaries . 8 6.3.5 Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs . 12 6.3.6 Selection of data . 12 6.3.7 Data quality requirements. 12 6.3.8 Developing product level scenarios . 12 6.3.9 Units . 12 6.4 Inventory analysis . 13 6.4.1 Collecting data . 13 6.4.2 Calculation procedures . 13 6.4.3 Allocation of input flows and output emissions . 13 6.5 Impact assessment . 14 7 Content of the EPD . 14 7.1 Declaration of general information . 14 7.2 Declaration of environmental parameters derived from LCA . 15 7.2.1 General . 15 7.2.2 Rules for declaring LCA information per module . 16 7.2.3 Parameters describing environmental impacts . 16 SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 3 7.2.4 Parameters describing resource use . 16 7.2.5 Other environmental information describing different waste categories and output flows . 16 7.3 Scenarios and additional technical information . 16 7.3.1 General . 16 7.3.2 Construction process stage . 16 7.3.3 B1-B7 Use stage . 16 7.3.4 End-of-life . 16 7.3.5 Carbonation in cement-based products . 16 7.3.6 Carbonation in building lime . 17 7.4 Additional information on release of dangerous substances to indoor air, soil and water during the use stage . 17 7.5 Aggregation of information modules . 17 8 Project report . 17 9 Verification and validity of an EPD . 17 Bibliography . 23 SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16908:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 5 Introduction How to use this document This document provides product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations (EPDs) according to EN 15804 [14] for cement and building lime, in particular to products according to the standards developed in CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”. The European standard EN 15804, “Core rules for the product category of construction products”, is intended as the core PCR to be followed. This PCR document supplements EN 15804 by giving more detail for specific items relevant to cement and building lime. In all cases where no specific rules are given in this document, EN 15804 should be followed. Therefore, this document should be read in parallel with EN 15804. EN 15804 is normatively referenced in this document and is indispensable for its application. The structure of this document follows that of EN 15804, with all headings and section numbers kept the same. Where a section of EN 15804 applies without modification, this is indicated. Where a section of EN 15804 is not relevant for EPDs covered by this PCR, this is also indicated. The purpose of an EPD is given in the Introduction to EN 15804. Definition of the covered products Cement Cement is defined in standards published by CEN/TC 51 as “a hydraulic binder, i.e. a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability even under water”. Building Lime Building lime is defined in EN 459-1 as a “group of lime products, exclusively consisting of two families: air lime and lime with hydraulic properties, used in applications or materials for construction, building and civil engineering.” Air lime refers to the product which combines and hardens with carbon dioxide present in air. Air lime refers to the product which combines and hardens with carbon dioxide present in air. Air lime has no hydraulic properties. Air lime is divided into two sub-families, calcium lime (CL) and dolomitic lime (DL). Calcium lime is an air lime consisting mainly of calcium oxide (quicklime) and/or calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime). Dolomitic lime is an air lime consisting mainly of calcium magnesium oxide and/or calcium magnesium hydroxide. Lime with hydraulic properties is a building lime consisting mainly of calcium hydroxide, calcium silicates and calcium aluminates. It has the property of setting and hardening when mixed with water and/or under water. Reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide is part of the hardening process. Lime with hydraulic properties is divided into three subfamilies, natural hydraulic lime (NHL), formulated lime (FL) and hydraulic lime (HL). SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope The general scope of the core product category rules (PCR) is given in EN 15804:2012+A1:2013, Clause 1. This PCR is primarily intended for the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs of cement and building lime. In other respects, the scope is as in EN 15804. 2 Normative references As in EN 15804. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions of EN 15804 apply. 4 Abbreviations As in EN 15804. 5 General aspects 5.1 Objective of the Core PCR As in EN 15804. 5.2 Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered As in EN 15804. Cement and building lime are intermediate products with many different final uses. Cement may for example be used in ready-mix concrete, precast concrete, mortar, screed, base treatment for various types of infrastructures, etc. Building lime may for example be used in plasters, renders, masonry mortars, calcium silica bricks, autoclave aerated concrete, soil treatment, asphalt mixtures etc. Therefore, it is generally not possible to provide information about the environmental impacts of the products during the construction process, use, and end of life stages, as this will greatly depend on how the cement or building lime is used. For this reason, this PCR is primarily intended to support the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs, i.e. it focuses on the life cycle stages A1 – A3: raw material supply, transport, and manufacturing, although other stages may also be included. Information on other life cycle modules may be provided in an EPD if relevant. Particularly information on carbonation of building limes in the life cycle modules A5 and B1 may be provided in EPDs. If additional stages are included, the modularity principle shall be observed (see 6.3.4.1 of EN 15804:2012+A1:2013) in order to produce consistent EPDs. 5.3 Comparability of EPD for construction products As in EN 15804. As cement and building lime are intermediate products, no functional unit can be defined in EPDs for cement and building lime (see 6.3) and therefore no comparisons with other construction products can be made based on EPDs according to this PCR. As stated in EN 15804, “EPD that are not in a building context are not tools to compare construction products and construction services”. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 7 5.4 Additional information As in EN 15804. For additional information on emissions to indoor air, soil and water during the use stage, please refer to the respective PCR/EPDs for the downstream products such as ready-mix concrete, precast concrete, screed, plasters, masonry mortars, etc. The lime cycle of high calcium lime is shown in Figure 2. 5.5 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD As in EN 15804. 5.6 Communication formats As in EN 15804. 6 Product Category Rules for LCA 6.1 Product category The product category for this PCR is cement and building lime, particularly those covered by the standards developed in CEN/TC 51. 6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included 6.2.1 General As in EN 15804. In general, EPDs according to this PCR will be cradle-to-gate EPDs, i.e. will cover modules A1 – A3 only. However, downstream processes (including transport, use and reuse, recycling or recovery) may optionally be declared. As an example, information on carbonation of building limes in the life cycle modules A5 and B1 may be provided in EPDs. 6.2.2 A1-A3, Product stage, information modules As in EN 15804. For a more detailed description of the processes in the product stage of cement and building lime see 6.3.4.2. 6.2.3 A4-A5, Construction process stage, information modules As in EN 15804, not relevant for cradle to gate EPDs, but relevant for the information on carbonation of building limes (see 6.3.4.3). 6.2.4 B1-B5, Use stage, information modules related to the building fabric As in EN 15804, not relevant for cradle to gate EPDs, but relevant for the information on carbonation of building limes (see 6.3.4.3). 6.2.5 B6-B7, Use stage, information modules related to the operation of the building As in EN 15804, not relevant for cradle to gate EPDs. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 8 6.2.6 C1-C4, End-of-life-stage, information modules As in EN 15804, not relevant for cradle to gate EPDs. 6.2.7 D, Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module As in EN 15804, not relevant for cradle to gate EPDs. 6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA 6.3.1 Functional unit As in EN 15804. As cement and building lime are intermediate products, no functional unit can be defined in EPDs for cement and building lime. A declared unit is used as defined in 6.3.2. 6.3.2 Declared unit As in EN 15804. The declared unit is 1 000 kg of cement or building lime. 6.3.3 Reference service life (RSL) As in EN 15804. No RSL is declared for cement or building lime as they are intermediate building products. A reference service life could be declared for downstream products such as ready-mix concrete, precast concrete, screed, plasters, masonry mortars or other building products in which cement and/or building lime are used. 6.3.4 System boundaries 6.3.4.1 General As in EN 15804. Biogenic CO2 emissions can be compensated by re-growth of biomass in the short term. Therefore, CO2 emissions from biomass fuels (secondary fuels or waste) and the biogenic carbon content of mixed fuels (secondary fuels or waste) shall not be included in the total CO2 emissions [10], [11]. For emissions from waste and secondary fuels see Annex D. As a conservative approach, if wastes are used for energy or material recovery and do not have the same waste status in all regions, for transparency reasons two figures may be specified in the communication of the LCA results in module A1 to A3: — the environmental impacts caused by the emissions including processing, incineration and co-incineration of waste (gross figure); and — the environmental impacts caused excluding the incineration of waste (net figure), see Annex D. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 9 6.3.4.2 Product stage As in EN 15804. In more detail, the life cycle stages for cement and building lime include the following: — A1 Extraction of raw materials and primary fuels (e.g. mining processes): — Extraction of raw materials. This includes the quarrying of calcareous or dolomitic materials, such as limestone or marl, siliceous materials such as sand, argillaceous material, such as clay or shale and aluminous materials such as bauxite. — Extraction of primary fuels. Major primary fuels used in the production of cement and building lime are coal, petcoke, lignite and natural gas. — A1 Production of upstream products — Production of quicklime or hydrated lime and alumina for the production of calcium aluminate cements. — Production of cements or other pre-products (cf. Annex D of EN 459-1:2015) for the production of building lime. — Production of other additives (pigments, grinding aids, …). — A1 Allocated impacts of co-products from other industries used in the production of cement or building lime — A1 Processing of raw materials EXAMPLE 1 Crushing of limestone in the quarry. — A1 Processing of secondary materials, used as input for manufacturing the product, but not including those processes that are part of the waste processing in the previous product system. Processing of co-products and upstream-products materials used as input for manufacturing the product. EXAMPLE 2 Processing of co-products such as blast furnace slag, artificial gypsum and silica fume, recovered alumina. Processing of materials recovered from previous use or from waste. — A1 Processing of fuels: — Processing of primary or secondary fuels in preparation for use in the kiln — A1 Generation of electricity — A2 Transportation up to the factory gate and internal transport, including: — Transport of raw materials, upstream products and fuels to the plant — Internal transport in the plant — Transport of materials to the grinding mills or hydration units (the latter for building lime) — A3 Production of ancillary materials or pre-products and manufacturing of products in the cement or building lime factory. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 10 For cement this includes: — Preparation of ground raw materials Preparation of ground raw materials occurs by a wet or dry process. In the wet process, a slurry of the raw materials is prepared prior to burning. The slurry is homogenized in basins and pumped to the wet long kiln. In the dry process, drying and grinding to the desired fine-ness of the raw mix usually takes place in one step in the raw mill. The residual heat of the flue gases of the kiln is utilized for drying. — Production of clinker The raw mix is preheated using the residual heat of the flue gases and burned in a kiln at about 1 450 °C. The fuel used is generally a mix of primary fuels, secondary fuels and waste. — Processing (grinding etc.) and blending of: — Portland cement clinker — Other main constituents (blast-furnace slag, silica fume, pozzolana, fly ash, burnt shale, limestone) — Minor additional constituents — Calcium sulphate in the form of gypsum, hemi-hydrate or anhydrit — Additives (such as pigments). — For some cement types: blending of cement according to EN 197-1, building lime according to EN 459-1 and possibly other constituents. For building lime, this includes: — Preparation of ground raw material by crushing, screening and washing. Transfer to the kiln. — Calcination: The raw material mix is preheated using the residual heat of the flue gases and burned in a kiln at about 900
¹C
« s t r r °C. The fuel used is generally a mix of primary fuels, secondary fuels and waste. — Grinding and Screening Quicklime is ground and screened for particular applications or for hydration. — Hydration Hydration consists of adding a controlled amount of water to quicklime to manufacture the hydrated lime. — Blending Is the mixing with other constituents, e.g. for the production of formulated lime and hydraulic lime. — A3 Manufacturing of packaging: SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 11 — E.g. manufacture of bags for bagged cement or bagged building lime — A3 Packaging, storage and dispatch: — Packaging operations in the case of bagged cement or bagged building limes — Storage — Preparation for dispatch — A1-A3 processing up to the end-of-waste state or disposal of final residues including any packaging not leaving the factory gate with the product. For packaging wastes that occur in modules A1-A3, a co-product allocation has to be applied for secondary materials/fuels and exported energy leaving modules A1-A3. 6.3.4.3 Construction process stage As in EN 15804. Generally not relevant for cradle-to-gate EPDs according to this PCR. As cement and building lime are intermediate products with many different final uses (ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, screed, plasters, masonry mortars, etc.), it is generally not possible to provide information about the environmental impacts of the product during the construction process stage, as this will greatly depend on how the cement or building lime are used. However, environmental information for this life cycle stage may be found in the respective PCR/EPDs for downstream products. As part of the hardening process, during the construction process stage building lime will react with CO2 from the atmosphere to develop hardening and strength [13]. This process will continue during the use stage, according to specific use conditions. The compensation for cement or building lime which may be lost due to the breakage of the packaging material should be included in module A4. Loads from the disposal of packaging wastes and benefits from the recycling or energy recovery of packaging having left the product system may be included in module A5. 6.3.4.4 Use stage As in EN 15804. Generally not relevant for cradle-to-gate EPDs according to this PCR. As cement and building lime are intermediate products with many different final uses (ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, screed, plasters and masonry mortars, etc.) it is generally not possible to provide information about the environmental impacts of the product during the use stage, as this will greatly depend on how the cement and building lime are used. However, environmental information for this life cycle stage may be found in the respective PCR/EPDs for downstream products: As part of the hardening process, building lime will react with CO2 from atmosphere to develop hardening and strength [13]. This process will continue during the use stage, according to specific use conditions. SIST EN 16908:2017
EN 16908:2017 (E) 12 6.3.4.5 End-of-life stage As in EN 15804. Generally not relevant for cradle-to-gate EPDs according to this PCR. As cement and building lime are intermediate products with many different final uses (ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, screed, plasters and masonry mortar etc.), it is generally not possible to provide information about the environmental impacts of the product during the end-of-life stage, as this will greatly depend on how the cement and building lime are used. However, environmental information for this life cycle stage may be found in the respective PCR/EPDs for downstream products. 6.3.4.6 Benefits and loads beyond the product system boundary in module D As in EN 15804. As cement and building limes are intermediate products with many different final uses, it is generally not possible to provide information about the benefits and loads beyond the product system boundary. Environmental benefits of cement-based products or building lime-based products beyond the product system boundary include, for example, — use of recycled concrete or masonry units as aggregate in concrete, in road construction or in land restoration; — recycling of AAC (autoclaved aerated concrete) as raw material for AAC production. Information on these benefits and loads may be found in the respective PCR/EPDs for the downstream products. 6.3.5 Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs As in EN 15804. 6.3.6 Selection of d
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