SIST EN 13757-2:2005
(Main)Communication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part 2: Physical and link layer
Communication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part 2: Physical and link layer
This European Standard covers the physical and link layer parameters of baseband communication over twisted pair (M Bus) for meter communication systems. It is especially applicable to heat meters, heat cost allocators, water meters and gas meters.
NOTE It is usable also for other meters (like electricity meters) and for sensors and actuators.
For generic descriptions concerning communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters see EN 13757-1.
Kommunikationssysteme für Zähler und deren Fernablesung - Physical und Link Layer
Erarbeitung einer Norm für den M-Bus Application Layer.
Systemes de communication et de télérelevé de compteurs - Partie 2: Couches physique et couche de liaison
Préparer une norme pour les couches basses de communication de compteurs avec M-Bus.
Komunikacijski sistemi za merilnike in daljinsko odčitavanje - 2. del: Fizična in povezovalna plast
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kommunikationssysteme für Zähler und deren Fernablesung - Physical und Link LayerSystemes de communication et de télérelevé de compteurs - Partie 2: Couches physique et couche de liaisonCommunication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part 2: Physical and link layer35.100.20Podatkovni povezovalni slojData link layer35.100.10Physical layer33.200Daljinsko krmiljenje, daljinske meritve (telemetrija)Telecontrol. TelemeteringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13757-2:2004SIST EN 13757-2:2005en01-april-2005SIST EN 13757-2:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13757-2November 2004ICS 33.200; 35.100.10; 35.100.20English versionCommunication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part2: Physical and link layerSystèmes de communication et de télérelevé de compteurs- Partie 2: Couches physique et couche de liaisonKommunikationssysteme für Zähler und derenFernablesung - Physical und Link LayerThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13757-2:2004: ESIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Physical layer specifications.6 5 Link Layer (master and slave).12 6 Tables and figures.17 Annex A (informative)
Schematic implementation of slave.21 Annex B (informative)
Protection against mains voltages.22 Annex C (informative)
Slave powering options.23 Annex D (informative)
Slave collision detect.24 Annex E (informative)
Cable installation.25 Annex F (informative)
Protocol examples.27 Bibliography.28
SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13757-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 294 “Communication systems for meters and remote readng of meters”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2005. This standard consists of the following parts: EN 13757-1, Communication system for meters and remote reading of meters - Part 1: Data exchange. EN 13757-2, Communication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part 2: Physical and link layer. EN 13757-3, Communication systems for and remote reading of meters - Part 3: Dedicated application layer. prEN 13757-4, Communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters - Part 4: Wireless meter readout.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The physical and link layer parameters for baseband communication over twisted pairs has first been described in EN 1434-3:1997 ("M-Bus") for heat meters. This standard is a compatible and interworking update of a part of EN 1434-3:1997 and includes also other measured media (water, gas, heat cost allocators), the master side of the communication and newer technical developments. It should be noted that the EN 1434-3:1997 covers also other communication techniques. It can be used with various application layers especially the application layer of EN 13757-3. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document covers the physical and link layer parameters of baseband communication over twisted pair (M-Bus) for meter communication systems. It is especially applicable to heat meters, heat cost allocators, water meters and gas meters. NOTE It is usable also for other meters (like electricity meters) and for sensors and actuators. For generic descriptions concerning communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters see EN 13757-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 60870-5-2, Telecontrol equipment and systems – Part 5: Transmission protocols – Section 2: Link transmission procedures (IEC 60870-5-2:1992). EN 61000-4-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test – Basic EMV publication (IEC 61000-4-4:1995). EN 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 5: Surge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-5:1995). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 unit load one unit load (1 UL) is the maximum mark state current of 1,5 mA 3.2 other definitions for further definitions see 4.6 and annex C of EN 13757-1:2002 SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 6 4 Physical layer specifications 4.1 General Figure 1 shows the principal electrical concept of the physical layer: Information from the master to the slaves is transmitted via voltage level changes. A (high) quiescent voltage level Umark (idle state, typically 36 V) and an active voltage level (space state) which is typically 12 V below Umark (but at least 12 V) is used for the data transmission. The high voltage step improves the noise immunity in the master to slave direction. The required minimum voltage supports continuous remote powering of all slaves of a segment. Signalling via a voltage change rather than by absolute voltage levels supports even large voltage drops due to wiring resistance of the cable installation. All slaves are constant current sinks. Their idle (mark state) current of typically 1,0 mA to 1,5 mA can be used for powering the transceiver IC in the slave and optionally also the slave (meter). The active (space state) current transmit of a slave is signalled by an increase of this constant current by (11…20) mA. Signalling via constant current improves the immunity against induced voltages and is independent on wiring resistance. On the input of each slave transceiver a rectifier bridge makes each slave independent of the wiring polarity and reduces installation errors. Protective resistors in front of each slave transceiver simplify the implementation of overvoltage protection and safeguards the bus against a semiconductor short circuit in a slave by limiting the current of such a defective slave to 100 mA. Annex A shows the principal function of a slave transceiver. Integrated slave transceivers which include a regulated buffered voltage output for slave (meter) powering, support of battery supply with supply switchover and power down signallong are commercially available.
Key A Bus Voltage at Repeater B Current composition of a Slave t Time m Master transmits to Slave s Slave transmits to Master Figure 1 — Representation of bits on the M-Bus All specification requirements shall be held over the full range of temperature and operating voltage for the responsible system component. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 7 4.2 Electrical requirements slave 4.2.1 Master to slave bus voltages Maximum permanent voltage : – 50 V … 0 V … + 50 V (no damage). Voltage range for meeting all specifications: ± (12 V … 42 V). The Bus voltage at the slave terminals in mark-(quiescent) state of master slave communication (= UMark) shall be ± (21 V … 42 V). The mark voltage shall be stored by a voltage maximum detector with an asymmetric time constant. The discharge time constant shall be greater than 30 × (charge constant) but less than 1 s. The stored voltage maximum UMark may drop in 50 ms by not more than 0,2 V for all voltages between 12 V and UMark. Bus voltage Mark/Space state for master slave communication. Space: UBus < UMark – 8,2 V Mark: UBus ≥ UMark – 5,7 V Maximum space state time 50 ms. Maximum space state duty cycle: 0,92. 4.2.2 Slave bus current and multiple unit loads 4.2.2.1 General A slave device may require a maximum mark current of an integer multiple N (in the range 1 … 4) unit loads. Each terminal device shall be marked with the unit load number N (If > 1) and the device description shall contain a note on the multiple unit loads for this device. 4.2.2.2 Mark state bus current of a slave device The mark state current IMark shall be ≤ N unit loads. 4.2.2.3 Variation of the mark state current over bus voltage For bus voltages in the range of ± (12 V … 42 V) a voltage variation of 1 V … 15 V shall not change the bus current by more than N × 3 µA/V. 4.2.2.4 Short term variation of the mark state current At constant bus voltage the bus current shall not change by more than ± 1 % within 10 s. 4.2.2.5 Total variation over allowed temperature and voltage range of slave device The total variation of the mark state current of a slave device shall not vary by more than ± 10 % over the full voltage and temperature range of the slave device. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 8 4.2.2.6 Max. bus current for any single semiconductor or capacitor defect 1 min after any single semiconductor or capacitor defect the max. current of any slave device shall be less than 100 mA for any bus voltage ≤ 42 V. 4.2.2.7 Slow start For any bus voltage in the range of (0 … ± 42) V the bus current shall be limited to ≤ N × UL. 4.2.2.8 Fast change After any bus voltage change the bus current shall be ≤ N × UL within 1 ms. 4.2.2.9 Space-Send current The bus current for a slave space state send shall be higher by (11 … 20) mA than in the mark state for all allowed bus voltages: ISpace = IMark + (11 … 20) mA. 4.2.2.10 Input capacitance at the slave terminals: ≤≤≤≤ 0,5 nF This capacitance shall be measured with a DC-bias of (15 to 30) V. 4.2.2.11 Startup delay In case of a bus voltage drop below 12 V for longer than 0,1 s the recovery time after applying an allowed mark state voltage until reaching full communication capabilities shall be less than 3 s. 4.2.2.12 Galvanic Isolation The isolation resistance between any bus terminal and all metal parts accessible without violating seals shall be > 1 MOhm. Excluded are terminals for the connection of other floating or isolated external components. The test voltage is 500 V. For mains operated terminal devices the appropriate safety rules apply. 4.2.2.13 Optional reversible mains protection The slave interface can be equipped with an optional reversible mains protection. This guarantees that even for a prolonged period (test duration: 1 min) the slave interface can withstand mains voltages of 230 V + 10 % and 50 Hz or 60 Hz and that afterwards all specifications are met again. This mains protection function is recommended for all mains operated terminal devices. For possible implementations see annex B. 4.2.3 Dynamic requirements Any link layer or application layer protocol of up to 38 400 Baud is acceptable if it guarantees that a mark state is reached for at least one bit time at least once in every 11 bit times and not later than after 50 ms. Note that this is true for any asynchronous protocol with 5 data bits to 8 data bits (with or without a parity bit) for any baud rate of at least 300 Baud, including a break signal of 50 ms. It is also true for many synchronous protocols with or without bit coding. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 9 4.3 Electrical requirements master 4.3.1 Parameters 4.3.1.1 Max current (IMax) A master for this physical layer is characterized by its maximum current IMax. For all bus currents between zero and IMax it shall meet all functional and parametric requirements. For example a maximally loaded segment with up to 250 slaves with 1 UL each (375 mA) plus an allowance for one slave with a short circuit (+ 100 mA) plus the maximum space send current (+ 20 mA) an IMax ≥ 0,5 A is required. 4.3.1.2 Max allowable voltage drop (Ur) The max. voltage drop Ur (> 0 V) is defined as the minimum space state voltage minus 12 V. Ur divided by the maximum segment resistance between the master and any terminal device (meter) gives the maximum usable bus current for a given combination of segment resistance and master. 4.3.1.3 Max baud rate (BMax) Another characterisation of a master is the maximum baud rate BMax up to which all specifications are met. The minimum baud rate is always 300 Baud. 4.3.1.4 Application description Each master device shall include a description about the required cable and device installation for proper functioning. 4.3.2 Function types 4.3.2.1 Simple level converter The master function can be realized as a logically transparent level converter between the M-bus physical layer and some other (standardized) physical layer (e.g. V24). It is then bit transparent for allowable baud rates of 300 … BMax. No bit time recovery is possible. Hence a simple level converter can not be used as a repeater. 4.3.2.2 Intelligent level converter An intelligent level converter can perform space bit time recovery for any asynchronous byte protocol at its maximum baud rate BMax. Other baud rates BMax/L (L = 2 … LMax) are allowed, but bit time recovery can not be guaranteed for these other baud rates. Such a level converter can be used as a physical layer repeater for its maximum baud rate. 4.3.2.3 Bridge The master function can be integrated with a link layer unit thus forming a (link layer) bridge. If this bridge can support the required physical and link layer management functions it can support also multiple baud rates. 4.3.2.4 Gateway The master function can be integrated into the application layer of a gateway or it can be fully integrated into an application. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 10 4.3.3 Requirements 4.3.3.1 Mark state (quiescent state) voltage For currents between 0 … IMax: UMark = (24 V + Ur) … 42 V. 4.3.3.2 Space state (signal state) voltage USpace < UMark – 12 V, but ≥ 12 V + Ur. 4.3.3.3 Bus short circuit Reversible automatic recovery shall guarantee full function not later than 3 s after the end of any current higher than IMax. 1 ms after the beginning of a short circuit situation the bus current shall be limited to < 3 A. 4.3.3.4 Minimum voltage slope The transition time between space state and mark state voltages from 10 % to 90 % of the steady state voltages shall be ≤ 1/2 of a nominal bit time. The asymmetry of these transition times shall be ≤ 1/8 of a nominal bit time. Test conditions (CLoad selected from the E12 value series): baud rate 300 Baud: CLoad = 1,5 µF; baud rate 2 400 Baud: CLoad = 1,2 µF; baud rate 9 600 Baud: CLoad = 0,82 µF; baud rate 38 400 Baud: CLoad = 0,39 µF. 4.3.3.5 Effective source impedance The voltage drop of the bus voltage for a short (< 50 ms) increase of the bus current by 20 mA shall be ≤ 1,2 V. 4.3.3.6 Hum, ripple and short term (<<<< 10 s) stability of the bus voltages: <<<< 200 mV peak to peak 4.3.3.7 Data detection current (Reception of slave current pulses) Bus current ≤ Bus idle current + 6 mA: Mark state receive. Bus current ≥ Bus idle current + 9 mA: Space state receive. Measurement with current pulses of < 50 ms, duty cycle < 0,92. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 11 4.3.3.8 Reaction at large data currents (collision) Current increases of > 25 mA may be considered, current increases of > 50 mA shall be considered as a collision state. If for a duration of > (2 to 22) bit times the bus current signals such a collision state the master shall emit to the bus a break signal (bus voltage = USpace) with a duration of ≥ 22 bit times but less than 50 ms. To the user side this state shall also be signalled with a break signal of equal duration. If the bus current is > IMax, the master may switch off the bus voltage completely. Note that for switch off times > 100 ms the minimum recovery time of 3 s shall be taken into account. 4.3.3.9 Galvanic isolation The isolation resistance between any bus terminal and all metal parts accessible without violating seals shall be > 1 MOhm. The test voltage is 500 V. For mains powered masters or masters with connection to ground based systems (e.g. connection to the V24 port of a mains powered PC) this includes isolation from these power respective signal lines. For mains powered masters the appropriate safety rules apply. 4.3.3.10 Ground symmetry For mains powered masters or masters with connection to ground based systems (e.g. connection to the V24 port of a mains powered PC) the static and dynamic bus voltages shall be symmetric (40 % to 60 %) with respect to ground. This requirement is only valid for ground based systems. 4.4 Electrical requirements mini-master 4.4.1 Definition of a mini-master A Mini-Master can be used in systems which can accept the following restrictions: maximum wiring length of its segment: ≤ 50 m; BMax: 2 400 baud; no function required if any device fails with overcurrent; no automatic search for secondary addresses (collision mode) required. A Mini-Master can be implemented as a simple level converter to some other standardized physical layer interface (e.g. V24) or it can be integrated into a data processing device. It usually can not be used as a repeater. It can be implemented as a stationary or as a portable device. It can be powered from mains or it can be battery powered. 4.4.2 Requirements A Mini-Master has the following reduced requirements as compared to a full standard master: 4.4.2.1 Minimum transition slopes For a load capacitance of 75 nF: Transition time between mark and space state voltages in both directions between 10 % and 90 % of the voltage step of the two static signal voltages: Maximum transition time tmax ≤ 50 µs. SIST EN 13757-2:2005
EN 13757-2:2004 (E) 12 4.4.2.2 Behavior at higher data currents (collision): No requirements 4.5 Repeaters 4.5.1 General requirements A physical layer repeater shall meet at its slave side all requirements for a slave and at its master side all requirements of a master. Such a repeater is required in a net where one or several limits of the installation concerning maximum number of meters, maximum total cable length, maximum number of meters per segment or maximum distance are exceeded for the desired baud rate. 4.5.2 Additional requirements 4.5.2.1 Isolation The bus terminals at the master side shall be isolated from the bus terminals at the slave side. The isolation resistance shall be ≥ 1 MOhm for the test voltage of 500 V. Any pertinent safety regulations for mains powered devices shall be considered. 4.5.2.2 Bit recovery Incoming data bytes with acceptable bit time distortions for a reception according to the requirements of the link layer used shall be transmitted at the other side in such a way that all the transmit timing requirements of the link layer are met. A repeater may therefore be restricted to certain baud rate(s) or may be restricted to certain byte formats or link layers. 4.6 Burst and surge
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