oSIST prEN 17170:2017
(Main)Fans - Safety requirements
Fans - Safety requirements
This document is applicable to all types of fans other than fans that are household appliances intended for household and similar purposes. The fan can be either a complete machine or a partly completed machine intended to be incorporated into/or assembled with other machinery or other partly completed machinery or equipment.
NOTE Fans intended for household purposes are typically used on desks, ceilings, free standing or, partitions (e.g. window and wall fans) and ducts not listing here built in components for other household appliances. They are assumed to have mainly electricity related risks. These fans are in the scope of the EN 60335 series. Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless because of their similar use may be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended for use in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of the EN 60335 series of standards.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to fans during transport, assembly and installation, commissioning and use as well as decommissioning as defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, Annex B, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document applies to electrically driven fans and, apart from the hazards related to the drives, it also applies to fans driven from other energy sources.
Further safety measures might be required for the additional hazards due to the application.
This document does not deal with the hazards due to the use of fans in a potentially explosive atmosphere (see e.g. EN 14986).
Ventilatoren - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Ventilateurs - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ventilatorji - Varnostne zahteve
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2017
Ventilatorji - Varnostne zahteve
Fans - Safety requirements
Ventilatoren - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Ventilateurs - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17170
ICS:
23.120 =UDþQLNL9HWUQLNL.OLPDWVNH Ventilators. Fans. Air-
QDSUDYH conditioners
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17170
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2017
ICS 23.120
English Version
Fans - Safety requirements
Ventilateurs - Prescriptions de sécurité Ventilatoren - Sicherheitsanforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 156.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17170:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of significant hazards . 7
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Mechanical safety . 10
5.3 Electrical hazards . 13
5.4 Control systems . 14
5.5 Thermal safety . 14
5.6 Noise (generally applicable) . 15
5.7 Vibrations . 16
5.8 Materials and substances . 16
5.9 Ergonomic principles . 17
5.10 Failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and other functional
properties . 17
5.11 Supplementary measures and means . 19
6 Information for use . 19
6.1 General requirements . 19
6.2 Location and nature of the information for use . 19
6.3 Signals and warning devices . 19
6.4 Markings, signs (pictograms), written warnings . 19
6.5 Accompanying documents (in particular, instruction handbook) . 20
6.6 Additional instructions . 20
7 Verification . 22
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 23
Bibliography . 26
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17170:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation
for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
Where specific type C standards exist for particular applications of fans, the provisions of these type C
standards shall take precedence over the provisions of this standard.
In addition, machinery should comply as appropriate with EN ISO 12100:2010 for general machinery
hazards which are not covered by this standard.
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to all types of fans other than fans that are household appliances
intended for domestic use.
NOTE 1 Fans intended for household purposes are typically used on desks, ceilings, free standing or, partitions
(e.g. window and wall fans) and ducts. They are assumed to have mainly electricity related risks. These fans are in
the scope of EN 60335-2-80.
It deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to fans during transport,
assembly and installation, commissioning and use as defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, Annex B, when they
are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer (see 3,24).
NOTE 2 This standard deals a.) with standalone fan units, ready for operation, complete with control systems
and all other features that ensure safety in use and b.) with fans for installation (e.g. in ventilation systems) or
incorporation with other equipment where control systems and all other features that ensure safety are provided
by others, (details should be provided by the fan manufacturer).
This European Standard applies to electrically driven fans and, apart from the hazards related to the
drives, it shall also apply to fans driven from other energy sources.
Further safety measures may be required for the additional hazards due to the application.
This European Standard does not deal with the hazards due to the use of fans in a potentially explosive
atmosphere (see e.g. EN ISO 14986).
This European Standard is not applicable to fans, which are manufactured before the date of its
publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349, Safety of machinery; minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN ISO 14120, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards (ISO 14120)
EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1672-2, Food processing machinery — Basic concepts — Part 2: Hygiene requirements
EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
EN 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission standard for
industrial environments
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, auditory and tactile signals
EN 61511-1, Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector — Part 1:
Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements (IEC 61511-1)
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
EN 62061, Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable
electronic control systems
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414)
EN ISO 4871, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
(ISO 4871)
EN ISO 5136, Acoustics - Determination of sound power radiated into a duct by fans and other air-moving
devices - In-duct method (ISO 5136)
EN ISO 11200, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Guidelines for the use of basic
standards for the determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified
positions (ISO 11200)
EN ISO 11205, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Engineering method for the
determination of emission sound pressure levels in situ at the work station and at other specified positions
using sound intensity (ISO 11205:2003)
EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment,
Part 1: Planning
EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment, Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 12499, Industrial fans - Mechanical safety of fans - Guarding (ISO 12499)
EN ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses
to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1)
EN ISO 13732-3, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses
to contact with surfaces - Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3)
EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO 13850)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
EN ISO 19353:2016, Safety of machinery - Fire prevention and fire protection (ISO 19353:2015)
IEC 60417-DB, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
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ISO 21940-11, Mechanical vibration — Rotor balancing — Part 11: Procedures and tolerances for rotors
with rigid behaviour
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 13347-1:2004, Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized
laboratory conditions — Part 1: General overview
ISO 13347-2, Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory
conditions — Part 2: Reverberant room method
ISO 13347-3, Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory
conditions — Part 3: Enveloping surface methods
ISO 13347-4, Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory
conditions — Part 4: Sound intensity method
ISO 13347-4, Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory
conditions — Part 4: Sound intensity method
ISO 13349, Fans — Vocabulary and definitions of categories
ISO 14694, Industrial fans — Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels
ISO 14695, Industrial fans — Method of measurement of fan vibration
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010, EN ISO 12499,
ISO 13349 and the following apply.
3.1
permanent fixed guard
guard kept in place, that is closed, permanently (by welding, rivets, etc.)
3.2
demountable fixed guard
guard kept in place by means of fasteners (screws, nuts, etc.) making removal/opening impossible
without using tools in accordance with EN ISO 14120 and EN 13857
3.3
tool
implement such as a key or wrench designed to operate a fastener. An improvised implement such as a
coin or nail-file cannot be considered a tool
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt
with in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
NOTE EN ISO 12100 to be considered.
Hazards listed are:
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
— hazards common to all fans listed under the heading „Generally applicable“;
— hazards which are unique for specific fans are listed under relevant headings.
Table 1 — Hazards
Hazards in accordance with Tables B.1 and B.4 of Reference to safety requirement in
EN ISO 12100:2010 clause
4.1 Mechanical hazards
4.1.1 Generally applicable
— cutting and severing 5.2.1
— drawing in or trapping 5.2.1
— entanglement 5.2.1
— friction or abrasion 5.2.1
— injury due to fluid jets 5.2.1
— falling or ejection of impeller parts 5.2.4.1
— falling or ejection of structural or other parts 5.2.4.2
— loss of stability 5.2.5
— slipping, tripping and falling 5.2.6
4,2 Electrical hazards
4.2.1 Generally applicable
— electrical contact, direct or indirect 5.3.1.1, 5.3.2.1
— electrostatic phenomena 5.3.3.1
— external influences on electrical equipment 5.4.2
4.3 Thermal hazards
4.3.1 Generally applicable
— high or low temperatures, which can lead to 5.5.1, 5.5.2
injuries through burning, scalding or explosions
5.5.5
— fire
4.3.2 Hot gas fans
— high temperatures which can lead to injuries 5.5.1
4.4 Noise hazards
4.4.1 Generally applicable
— hearing loss 5.6.1
— interference with communication 5.6.1
4.5 Hazards due to vibrations
4.5.1 Generally applicable
— hazards caused by transmitted vibrations 5.7.1
4.5.2 Conveying fans
— hazards caused by transmitted vibrations 5.7.2
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
Hazards in accordance with Tables B.1 and B.4 of Reference to safety requirement in
EN ISO 12100:2010 clause
4.5.3 Non-clogging fans
— hazards caused by transmitted vibrations 5.7.3
4.6 Hazards generated by materials and
substances
4.6.1 Generally applicable
— contact with or inhalation of harmful gases 5.8.1.1, 5.8.1.2
— hazards caused by gases, aerosols, vapours and 5.8.1.1, 5.8.1.2
dust
5.8.3
— hazards caused by biological or microbiological
substances
4.6.2 Hot gas fans
— hazards caused by gases and vapours 5.8.2.2
4.6.3 Gastight fans
— danger due to discharges of gas 5.8.2.3
4.7 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic
principles in machine design
4.7.1 Generally applicable
— neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.9
— human errors resulting from unsuitable 5.9
positioning of control devices and instruments or
inappropriate signage
4.8 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply,
breakdown of machinery parts and other
functional defects
4.8.1 Generally applicable
— failure of energy supply 5.10.1.1
— failure of control system, e.g. unexpected start-up 5.10.1.1, 5.11.1.1
and incompatible control system (e.g. giving too
5.10.2.1
frequent starts/stops or speed variations)
5.10.2.1
— failure of lubrication
— breakdown of machinery parts, including failures
due to dynamic stresses and/or increased
stresses due to cyclic pressure variation
4.8.2 Gastight fans
— danger due to leakage's or discharges of gas 5.10.1.2
4.8.3 Hot gas fans
— danger of burns 5.10.1.3
— failure of energy supply 5.10.1.3
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Hazards in accordance with Tables B.1 and B.4 of Reference to safety requirement in
EN ISO 12100:2010 clause
4.8.4 Abrasion-resisting fans
— danger due to breakdown of machinery parts 5.10.2.3
4.8.5 Corrosion-resisting fans
— danger due to breakdown of machinery parts 5.10.2.4
4.8.6 Transient pressure resistant fans
— danger due to breakdown of machinery parts 5.10.2.2
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
The fan shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition,
the fan shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant
hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
All safety critical information shall be provided by the manufacturer and a risk assessment shall be
undertaken by the installer and/or end user where appropriate.
Manufacturers should carry out a risk assessment for all products that are placed on the market.
5.2 Mechanical safety
5.2.1 Cutting, severing, drawing in, trapping, entangling, friction and abrasion (generally
applicable)
Guards or protective devices shall be provided for protection against contact with moving parts of
machinery in accordance with EN ISO 13857, EN 349, EN ISO 14120 and EN ISO 12499.
5.2.2 Intakes open to the atmosphere and inspection hatches
Intakes open to the atmosphere and inspection hatches which may represent a risk shall be provided
with protection devices which prevent people and foreign bodies from being drawn in (see EN ISO 13857,
EN 349 and EN ISO 14120).
Inspection hatches shall be clearly marked with warning notices. In the case that the fan could be installed
in a public space, the inspection hatches shall be closed by systems that can be opened only with a tool.
The manufacturer shall provide the suitable information in its technical documentation.
5.2.3 Guards
Demountable fixed guards shall be fixed by systems that can be opened only with tools (see EN ISO 14120
and EN ISO 12499) and their fixing system shall remain attached to the guard or machinery when the
guard is removed.
Permanently fixed guards shall be fixed by a system that cannot be removed using tools, or be of a design
where it is an integral part of the housing, e.g. ventilation holes moulded as part of the machinery housing.
If the manufacturer is not supplying some guards then suitable information shall be given in the
instructions for use and if possible a warning notice shall be fixed at an appropriate place on the product.
5.2.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment
Pneumatic and hydraulic equipment of machinery shall be designed in to meet the requirements of
Clause 6.2.10 of EN ISO 12100:2010 and EN ISO 4413 or EN ISO 4414 respectively.
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5.2.5 Ejection of parts
5.2.5.1 General
A number of types of ejection of parts can occur:
— major parts of impeller parts are ejected due to an impeller rupture;
— foreign objects passing the fan;
— parts come loose from the impeller and are ejected;
— stationary parts are ejected;
— drive mechanism component failure.
The manufacturer shall give in the instructions for use details of inspection, operation and maintenance
(see 6).
5.2.5.2 Impeller Rupture
The fan shall be so designed and manufactured that:
a) In case of an impeller rupture the structure of the fan is capable of containing the parts by
deformation of the impeller parts and/or the housing, for example a housing constructed of a
material withstanding and containing the energy of the ruptured impeller parts and reducing the
energy by friction between the impeller parts and the housing,
NOTE 1 The structure of the fan in this case is defined as the containment next to the impeller, which may
be an integral part of the fan, like a stator, a housing or casing or otherwise be part of the installation.
or
b) To minimize the risk of a impeller rupture the impeller shall be manufactured from suitable materials
with verified properties considering the operating environment (e.g. temperature, corrosion and
erosion) and steady and/or cyclic loading:
The designer and/or manufacturer shall ensure a safety margin against general yielding and rupture,
taking into account the steady and likely fatigue loading.
NOTE 2 The reasons for fatigue cracks are manifold and the vibration amplitudes are often not quantifiable. A
calculation of the fatigue life is normally not possible (and still issue of science projects). Therefore, the rupture of
high pressure fan impellers is most likely avoided by main motor shut off by vibration control.
All steady and cyclic loads on mechanical connections between impeller parts shall be considered.
For stress analysis of more complex geometry’s an elastic-plastic FEM (Finite Element Method) or BEM
(Boundary Element Method) calculation is considered to be the most suitable.
lf a drive mechanism is employed which would drive the fan at a speed higher than its maximum
permissible speed, such as a frequency converter, a speed control and an over-speed prevention device
to prevent the rotor from exceeding the maximum permitted speed shall be provided. The maximum
speed shall be clearly identified in the manufacturers impeller data the installation and maintenance
manual and any other accessible means of communicating the products capabilities.
Safety control devices shall be in accordance with EN 13849-1 or EN 60204-1:2006 or EN 61511-1:2004.
The required performance level (PL) or safety integrity level (SIL) shall be determined by the risk
assessment.
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
Where variable speed drives are used, care shall be taken on the vibration effects. The combination of
variable speed drives and motors can lead to cyclic force variations. This may lead to the generation of
vibrations of the rotating and non-rotating parts of the machine. The installer or system manufacturer
shall be responsible for the determination of safe operation of the final assembly or system.
Assessment of stall condition reference Eurovent Document 1/11:2007 (FANS and SYSTEM STALL:
PROBLEMS and SOLUTIONS)
Stall conditions also can be a reason of impeller rupture. This shall be considered in the risk assessment
accordingly. In any case stall operation, induced impeller rupture shall be prevented.
The required solution and in case of a safety related control loop the required performance level (PL) or
safety integrity level (SIL) shall be determined by the risk assessment.
It is recommended to apply one or more of these available solutions:
1) Stall-free fan designs (also known as “anti-stall” designs).
2) Install fans in stall-free applications (conceived making it physically impossible operating a fan in a
duty point leading to a stall).
3) Reinforced fan designs, suitable to withstand the fatigue loads without failure. or crack detection
with main motor shut off by vibration control.
4) Fail-safe fan designs, suitable to suffer fatigue cracks, induced by stall loads, for a reasonably long
time, without catastrophic failures, to allow damage detection during routine inspections.
5) Failure-safe fan designs, where even an impeller failure may be contained within the fan case or other
containment structure.
6) Safety related stall detection loop with main motor shut off by pressure probes (Petermann probe,
or similar devices).
7) Safety related stall detection loop with main motor shut off by vibration measuring probe(s).
5.2.5.3 Ejection of structural or other parts
The risk of any parts coming loose and being ejected (and the possible consequential discharge of high
kinetic energy process material; see also 5.2.2) from the fan shall be dealt with by:
a) having a housing capable of containing loosened or broken parts by deformation, for example a
housing constructed of a material withstanding and containing the energy of the parts and reducing
the energy by friction and deformation.
NOTE The housing of the fan in this case is defined as the containment next to the impeller, which may be an
integral part of the fan, like a stator, a housing or casing or otherwise be part of the installation.
b) ensuring that mechanical connections between impeller parts and connections of parts attached to
the impeller can withstand all foreseeable loads on the connections with a safety margin considering
the operating environment of the connection.
The design for screwed and/or bolted joints requiring pre-tensioning shall be such that there is no risk
of loss of pre-tensioning due to settling in the joint and indentation below screw heads and nuts.
The design of screwed and/or bolted connections should follow approved standards.
If it is not possible to secure a joint by pre-tensioning, it shall be secured against coming loose by a safe
positive locking device, or by a method with an equal safety margin.
prEN 17170:2017 (E)
The possibility of corrosion and erosion on the parts in the connection shall be considered at the design
of mechanical connections.
The manufacturer shall specify precautions and inspection/replacement criteria for the parts of the
connections between impeller parts subjected to corrosion and/or erosion.
Dependent on risk assessment vibration measurement equipment may or may not be fitted. Where
deemed necessary in order to ensure operational safety of the fan, vibration measuring equipment with
consequential main motor tripping as a functional safety related loop shall be implemented. Actionable
vibration levels are given in ISO 14694 dependent on application. The loop shall be in accordance with
EN 13849-1 or EN 60204-1:2006 or EN 61511-1:2004. The required performance level (PL) or safety
integrity level (SIL) shall be determined by the risk assessment.
5.2.5.4 Foreign objects
Foreign objects are objects or parts not belonging to the fan but been drawn into the fan by the airflow
or by movement and or vibration of the duct. Foreign objects ma
...
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