Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 21227-1:2003)

ISO 21227-1:2003 gives definitions for and provides guidance in the use of optical imaging systems for the quantitative characterization of defects on coated surfaces that occur after exposure in various test methods, e.g. stone chipping, weathering or cross-cut testing. One aim of ISO 21227 is to use optical imaging to reproduce the results of already existing methods for visual assessment. Additionally, optical imaging provides further information which can be used for a more detailed evaluation of coating defects.
This part of ISO 21227 contains a general introduction in optical-imaging methods and definitions. The performance of individual test methods and requirements for precision are described in other parts of the standard.

Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung von Beschichtungsschäden mittels digitaler Bildverarbeitung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 21227-1:2003)

Dieser Teil von ISO 21227 ist eine Anleitung zur Anwendung von digitaler Bildverarbeitung und von Bildverarbeitungssystemen zur quantitativen Erfassung von Schäden auf beschichteten Oberflächen, die durch Anwendung unterschiedlicher Expositionsverfahren, wie z. B. Steinschlag, Bewitterung oder Gitterschnitt, erzeugt wurden. Ein Ziel von ISO 21227 ist es, mit der digitalen Bildverarbeitung die Ergebnisse bereits bestehender Methoden zur visuellen Beurteilung nachzustellen. Darüber hinaus liefert die digitale Bildverarbeitung weitere Informationen, die für eine detailliertere Auswertung von Beschichtungsschäden verwendet werden können.
Dieser Teil von ISO 21227 enthält eine allgemeine Einführung in die Methoden und Begriffe der digitalen Bildverarbeitung. Die Durchführung von einzelnen Prüfverfahren sowie Anforderungen an die Präzision werden in weiteren Teilen dieser Norm beschrieben.

Peintures et vernis - Evaluation par imagerie optique des défauts des surfaces revetues - Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales (ISO 21227-1:2003)

L'ISO 21227-1:2003 donne des définitions ainsi que des lignes directrices relatives à l'emploi de systèmes d'imagerie optique permettant de quantifier les défauts superficiels de revêtements soumis à diverses méthodes d'essai, comme par exemple le gravillonnage, l'exposition aux intempéries ou le quadrillage. L'un des objectifs de l'ISO 21227 est d'utiliser l'imagerie optique pour reproduire les résultats des méthodes d'évaluation visuelle existantes, mais également pour obtenir des informations supplémentaires permettant d'évaluer de façon plus détaillée encore les défauts des revêtements.
L'ISO 21227-1:2003 contient une introduction générale aux méthodes d'imagerie optique et des définitions. Les performances des différentes méthodes et les exigences de fidélité correspondantes seront décrites dans les autres parties de l'ISO 21227.

Barve in laki – Ovrednotenje napak na premazanih površinah z digitalno tehniko – 1. del: Splošni napotki (ISO 21227-1:2003)

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
19-Jun-2007
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
14-Jun-2007
Due Date
19-Aug-2007
Completion Date
20-Jun-2007

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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Barve in laki – Ovrednotenje napak na premazanih površinah z digitalno tehniko – 1. del: Splošni napotki (ISO 21227-1:2003)Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung von Beschichtungsschäden mittels digitaler Bildverarbeitung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 21227-1:2003)Peintures et vernis - Evaluation par imagerie optique des défauts des surfaces revetues - Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales (ISO 21227-1:2003)Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 21227-1:2003)87.040Barve in lakiPaints and varnishesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 21227-1:2003SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004en01-januar-2004SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN IS 21227-1August 2003ICS 87.040English versionPaints and varnishes - Evaluation of defects on coated surfacesusing optical imaging - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 21227-1:2003)Peintures et vernis - Evaluation par imagerie optique desdéfauts des surfaces revêtues - Partie 1: Lignes directricesgénérales (ISO 21227-1:2003)Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung vonBeschichtungsschäden mittels digitaler Bildverarbeitung -Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 21227-1:2003)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 21227-1:2003 ESIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



EN ISO 21227-1:2003 (E)2CORRECTED
2003-09-24ForewordThis document (EN ISO 21227-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35"Paints and varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 "Paints andvarnishes", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication ofan identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2004, and conflicting nationalstandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2004.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations ofthe following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andthe United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 21227-1:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21227-1:2003 without anymodifications.SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



Reference numberISO 21227-1:2003(E)© ISO 2003
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO21227-1First edition2003-08-01Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging — Part 1: General guidance Peintures et vernis — Évaluation par imagerie optique des défauts des surfaces revêtues —
Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales
SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
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ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.5 5 Requirements.5 Annex A (informative)
Standards for visual assessment of coating defects.8 Bibliography.10
SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21227-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes. ISO 21227 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging:  Part 1: General guidance  Part 2: Evaluation procedure for results of multi-impact stone-chipping test  Part 3: Evaluation procedure for delamination and corrosion around a scribe At the time of publication of this part of ISO 21227, Parts 2 and 3 were in preparation. SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved v Introduction Conventional ISO test methods used for evaluating surface defects and appearance changes often utilize pictorial standards which depict particular types of surface deterioration and require human visual evaluation. The technology described in the various parts of this International Standard can yield more objective, accurate, quantitative and reproducible results when compared to the human visual evaluation techniques. SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21227-1:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging — Part 1: General guidance 1 Scope This part of ISO 21227 gives definitions for and provides guidance in the use of optical imaging systems for the quantitative characterization of defects on coated surfaces that occur after exposure in various test methods, e.g. stone chipping, weathering or cross-cut testing. One aim of ISO 21227 is to use optical imaging to reproduce the results of already existing methods for visual assessment. Additionally, optical imaging provides further information which can be used for a more detailed evaluation of coating defects. This part of ISO 21227 contains a general introduction in optical-imaging methods and definitions. The performance of individual test methods and requirements for precision are described in other parts of the standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary/IEC 60050-845:1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Lighting 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 optical imaging method for acquiring, digitizing, processing and analysing images using optical components and computer systems 3.2 illumination application of light to a scene, objects or their surroundings so that they may be seen [CIE 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987] 3.2.1 reflection illumination illumination whereby light source and optical sensor are both arranged on the same side of the object SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) 2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 3.2.2 transmission illumination illumination whereby light source and optical sensor are arranged on opposite sides of the object 3.2.3 bright-field illumination method of image acquisition in which light reflected by the object and light scattered by the object are detected by the optical sensor 3.2.4 dark-field illumination method of image acquisition in which only light scattered by the object is detected by the optical sensor 3.2.5 directional lighting lighting in which the light on the working plane or on an object is incident predominantly from a particular direction [CIE 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987] 3.2.6 diffused lighting lighting in which the light on the working plane or on an object is not incident predominantly from a particular direction [CIE 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987] 3.3 Terms relating to the optical sensor 3.3.1 field of vision area on the object surface which is acquired by the optical sensor 3.3.2 region of interest that part of the original image which is used for image processing and image analysis 3.3.3 objective optical system, usually consisting of one or more lenses, which is used to acquire an image of the field of vision 3.3.4 object distance distance between the first lens of the objective and an object which gives a sharp image 3.3.5 depth of focus difference between the minimum and maximum object distance 3.4 image acquisition image capture process of creating a two-dimensional original image of an object 3.4.1 original image digitized image taken by the image-acquisition system, without having carried out any image processing SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 3 3.4.2 charge-coupled device CCD device that uses a semi-conductive material as an optical sensor NOTE The CCD chip is subdivided into very fine elements, each of which corresponds to a pixel of the digitized image. The CCDs can be arranged as an array (digital camera) or in a row (line scanner). 3.4.3 scanner device for image acquisition which uses a one-dimensional optical sensor in which CCDs are lined up in a row NOTE The image is built up by line scanning of the surface of an object. 3.4.4 digitization process of converting an analogue image into a digital image NOTE The image is divided into pixels by a grid and each pixel is assigned to one grey level. 3.4.5 pixel smallest image-forming element to which a grey level is assigned 3.4.6 resolution number of pixels per unit length on the surface of an object NOTE If the resolution in the X- and Y-directions is different, both values have to be reported. 3.4.7 grey level shade of grey assigned to a pixel NOTE The shades are usually positive integer values taken from the grey scale. 3.4.8 grey scale series of grey levels between white and black EXAMPLE The 8-bit grey scale has 28 (= 256) grey levels. Grey level 0 corresponds to black, grey level 255 (the 256th level) to white. 3.4.9 gamma γ exponent used in the function Y = X γ where X is the input signal; Y is the output signal; X and Y range from 0 to 1 (0 corresponding to black, 1 to white) 3.4.10 frame grabber device for converting an analogue video signal into an digital original image SIST EN ISO 21227-1:2004



ISO 21227-1:2003(E) 4 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 3.5 image processing software manipulation of the original image in order to prepare for subsequent image analysis NOTE For example, image processing can be used to eliminate mistakes generated during image acquisition or to reduce image information to the essential. 3.5.1 binary image image in which each pixel is either 0 (black) or 1 (white) 3.5.2 gamma correction modification of the value of gamma, which can be carried out using software or hardware 3.5.3 brightness average grey level of a specified part of the image 3.5.4 contrast difference between the grey levels of two specified parts of the image 3.5.5 shading correction software method for correcting non-uniformity of the ill
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