oSIST prEN 12445:2005
(Main)Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Safety in use of power operated doors - Test methods
Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Safety in use of power operated doors - Test methods
This document specifies the test methods to be applied to a power operated door, gate or barrier to demonstrate compliance with the requirements specified in prEN 12453:2005. In particular it specifies the method of measuring the forces developed by a power operated door, gate or barrier.
It applies to any power operated door, gate or barrier covered by prEN 12453:2005.
This document does not apply to power operated doors, gates and barriers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
Tore - Nutzungssicherheit kraftbetätigter Tore - Prüfverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt die Prüfverfahren für kraftbetätigte Türen, Tore oder Schranken fest, um die Übereinstimmung mit den in prEN 12453:2005 festgelegten Anforderungen nachzuweisen. Insbesondere legt es das Verfahren zur Messung der von einem kraftbetätigten Tor ausgehenden Kräfte fest.
Das Dokument gilt für alle kraftbetätigten Tore, die von prEN 12453:2005 erfasst sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Türen, Tore und Schranken, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments durch CEN hergestellt wurden.
Portes et portails industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Sécurité a l'utilisation des portes motorisées - Méthodes d'essai
Vrata v industrijske in javne prostore ter garažna vrata - Varnost pri uporabi pogonskega mehanizma - Preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12445:2005
01-maj-2005
Vrata v industrijske in javne prostore ter garažna vrata - Varnost pri uporabi
pogonskega mehanizma - Preskusne metode
Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Safety in use of power operated
doors - Test methods
Tore - Nutzungssicherheit kraftbetätigter Tore - Prüfverfahren
Portes et portails industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Sécurité a l'utilisation des
portes motorisées - Méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12445
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
91.090 Konstrukcije zunaj stavb External structures
oSIST prEN 12445:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 12445:2005
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oSIST prEN 12445:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 12445
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2005
ICS Will supersede EN 12445:2000
English version
Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Safety in
use of power operated doors - Test methods
Portes et portails industriels, commerciaux et les garages - Tore - Nutzungssicherheit kraftbetätigter Tore -
Sécurité à l'utilisation des portes motorisées - Méthodes Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 33.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12445:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 12445:2005
prEN 12445:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Test method.6
5 Force measuring method.12
6 Testing method for presence detection .20
7 Single fault failure.23
8 Test report .24
Annex A (normative) Testing of presence detection equipment to be used in conjunction with
force limitation .25
Annex B (informative) Relationship between requirements for safety in use and relevant test
methods .30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Document and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .31
Bibliography .32
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prEN 12445:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 12445:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12445:2000.
This document is part of a series of European Documents for industrial, commercial and garage doors and
gates that are identified in EN 13241-1.
This document is intended for use in conjunction with prEN 12453:2005. It contains the test methods needed
to evaluate conformity of doors and gates to the requirements of prEN 12453:2005.
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prEN 12445:2005 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type C document as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in clause 1.
When provisions of this type C document are different from those which are stated in type A or B documents,
the provisions of this type C document take precedence over the provisions of the other documents, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C document.
This product related document has been prepared to meet the needs of manufacturers, users and safety
enforcement authorities, with the primary purpose of providing design and performance for mechanical
aspects of industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates used by vehicles accompanied or driven by
persons.
With the aim of clarifying the intention of this document and avoiding doubts when reading it, it was assumed
when producing it that negotiation occurred between the manufacturer and the professional installer
concerning:
components to be kept in good repair or working order;
negotiation occurred between the manufacturer and the user concerning the specificity of the use and
place of use of the safety device;
all parts of door installations, whether fixed or moving, including the fixing and assembling means, to be in
all respects of good construction, suitable material, adequate strength and free from obvious defects for
their intended working life;
the design to be in accordance with European technical rules taking into account the most unfavourable
static and dynamic forces occurring during the operation and all failure modes.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods to be applied to a power operated door, gate or barrier to
demonstrate compliance with the requirements specified in prEN 12453:2005. In particular it specifies the
method of measuring the forces developed by a power operated door, gate or barrier.
It applies to any power operated door, gate or barrier covered by prEN 12453:2005.
This document does not apply to power operated doors, gates and barriers which are manufactured before
the date of publication of this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 982, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components -
Hydraulics;
EN 1070, Safety of machinery — Terminology.
EN 12433-1, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates — Terminology — Part 1: Types of doors.
EN 12433-2, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates — Terminology — Part 2: Parts of doors.
prEN 12453:2005, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates — Safety in use of power operated
doors — Requirements.
EN 12605:2003, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates — Mechanical aspects — Test methods.
EN 12978, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Safety devices for power operated doors and
gates - Requirements and test methods,
EN 60335-1:2001, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 335-1:2001, modified).
EN 60335-2-95, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances — Part 2-95: Particular requirements for
drives for vertically moving garage doors for residential use (IEC 60335-2-95:1998, modified).
EN 60335-2-103, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-103: Particular requirements
for drives for gates, doors and windows (IEC 60335-2-103:2002);
IEC 60812, Analysis techniques for system reliability — Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis
(FMEA).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070, EN 12433-1,
EN 12433-2 and prEN 12453:2005 and the following apply.
NOTE Whenever the term “door” is used in this document, it shall be deemed to cover the full scope of types and
variances of doors, gates and barriers defined in EN 12433-1.
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prEN 12445:2005 (E)
3.1
measuring point
specified point where measurements of force are made
3.2
direction of measurement
specified direction in which measurements of force are made
3.3
opening gap
clear distance between the main closing edge and the opposing closing edge or between the leaf and
neighbouring hard parts of the surroundings
4 Test method
The level of safeguarding of a power operated door, in respect of the requirements specified in
prEN 12453:2005, shall be determined by the following tests and/or inspections.
Non automatic one single household vertically moving domestic garage doors, excluding those which open
onto public areas, may be excluded if these doors are driven by drives which fulfil the requirements of
EN 60335-2-95.
4.1 General
4.1.1 Avoiding or safeguarding against crushing, shearing and drawing-in points
Any crushing, shearing or drawing-in location shall be identified from a test specimen. For any identified
hazardous location, a check shall be made to establish whether the hazard has been avoided or safeguarded.
This check shall be done as follows:
4.1.1.1 Safety distance
When a crushing, shearing or drawing-in point is avoided by the provision of a safety distance, this distance
shall be checked by inspection and measuring, taking into consideration the endangered parts of the human
body.
4.1.1.2 Force limitation
When a crushing, shearing or drawing-in hazard is avoided by the provision of a force limitation system, this
shall be checked
by measuring the forces as specified in clause 5. The measured values shall be lower or equal to those
mentioned in Annex A of prEN 12453:2005.
and
by the following tests and inspections.
4.1.1.2.1 Crushing point
For any crushing point where the limitation of forces is achieved through force limiting devices or by devices
for limitation of torque, electrical power, or pneumatic/hydraulic pressure, it shall be checked that these
devices are properly designed by
testing them according to EN 12978
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and
testing them against the single fault failure criteria as specified in clause 6.
4.1.1.2.2 Shearing point
For any shearing point which occurs at secondary closing edges, it shall be checked that
forces exerted by the door leaf are limited to less than 150 N static and to less than 400 N dynamic, when
measured according to clause 5
and
either a distance of at least 25 mm has been provided between passing edges or the passing edges have
been provided with round edges with a radius of at least 2 mm for each edge and a combined value (sum
of the 2 radii) of at least 6 mm has not been exceeded.
4.1.1.3 Shaping of leaf surfaces
It shall be checked by inspection that the door leaf has no sharp edges, and that any part which protrudes
shall cause no injury.
4.1.1.4 Hold-to-run-control
When a door is operated via “Hold-to-run” control, it shall be checked
by measurement that the door leaf stops when the manual control device is released, within the specified
overrun distance and maximum static force as specified in prEN 12453:2005, 5.1.1.4;
by inspection that it is specified in the installation and user instructions that no manual controls other than
hold to run control are to be installed and/or used;
by inspection that when installed and operated in accordance with the installation and user instructions,
the person controlling the door shall be in full view of the door and in the vicinity of the door during the
leaf movement and shall not be in a hazardous position;
by measurement that the speed of the primary edge is <0,5 m/s. This speed shall be measured at the
same points as those specified for force measurement for the type of door concerned (see clause 5).
4.1.1.5 Guard
When guards such as enclosures, covers, enclosing guards or fixed protective leaves (screens) etc. are
installed, it shall be checked by inspection that
the danger points are safeguarded up to a height of 2,5 m above the floor to ensure that unprotected
zones of the danger points do not remain,
they are firm and resilient in respect of their safety-related function,
they can be loosened only by use of a tool,
they do not cause additional hazards,
they cannot easily be defeated, bypassed or made ineffective.
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4.1.1.6 Protective equipment
For any pressure sensitive (PSPE), electro sensitive (ESPE) or inherent protective equipment, it shall be
checked by testing
that when part of a person is in the detection zone of the ESPE or a person applies the activating force at
any point within the active area of the PSPE sensing element or when the signal from the sensing unit is
within a specified signal range, an appropriate output signal(s) is given in accordance with EN 12978. It
shall be also checked that the control command for stopping the hazardous leaf movement (off state of
the output signal switching device) is maintained as long as the protective device is actuated, or until a
signal for reversing the direction of movement of the door leaf is given,
that the safeguarding function of the protective equipment is effective up to a height of 2,5 m above the
floor in a way that unprotected zones of the danger points are eliminated,
or by failure mode analysis that, in case a single fault occurs, the protective equipment behaves as
specified in prEN 12453:2005, 5.1.1.6.
It shall be also checked by measurement or test, that, in any case
forces exerted by the door leaf are kept at acceptable values when measured according to clause 5
or
the moving door is, in no circumstances, able to touch a person, as described in 6.2.
4.1.2 Safeguarding against hazard of being lifted
When a door is designed in a way that it opens upwards and is not operated in the “hold-to-run” mode of
operation, it shall be checked that it cannot give an adult or a child a lift, in a dangerous way, by
checking that the door leaf is without apertures or protruding parts which could give the possibility to
travel with or to be lifted.
If there are possibilities to be lifted, it shall be checked
that the door is not able to lift a mass of 20 kg (or 40 kg for doors installed in areas out of public access),
from the closed position. The mass shall be attached onto the door leaf, in its most unfavourable position.
The maximum dimension of the mass shall be 300 mm in any direction,
or
that, when the door is able to lift a mass of 20 kg (alternatively 40 kg), the door shall stop before the lifted
body reaches the lintel or other fixed parts of the building (see 7.4) or before the lifted body reaches a
level of 2,5 m above ground, whichever is the lowest.
4.1.3 Safeguarding against impact hazards
Forces shall be measured on the main closing edges and at secondary edges, where persons can be pushed,
as specified in clause 5. The measured values shall be less than the maximum values specified in
prEN 12453:2005, Annex A.
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4.2 Drive unit and power supply
4.2.1 Electrical drive unit
Electric drive units for non automatic one single household vertically moving domestic garage doors, excluding
those which open onto public areas, shall be tested in accordance with EN 60335-2-95.
Electric drive units for all other kinds of doors shall be tested in accordance with EN 60335-2-103.
4.2.2 Additional requirements for hydraulic drive systems
It shall be checked that hydraulic drive systems are
in accordance with EN 982,
equipped with a means to protect them against over pressure and a means which makes it possible to
connect a measuring gauge,
able to resist three times the working pressure,
constructed in a way that, when a total loss of pressure occurs in the system, the door leaf immediately
stops in accordance with prEN 12453:2005, 5.2.7, or continues to operate at normal speed until it
reaches a final end position where the fault is detected and further movement is prevented,
designed in a way that entrapment of air is discouraged,
not creating any hazardous situation, in particular an unexpected movement, when interruption of the
power supply occurs.
4.2.3 Additional requirements for pneumatic drive systems
It shall be checked that pneumatic drive systems are
constructed in accordance with EN 983;
not allowed to work with a working pressure higher than 1,2 MPa;
equipped with means to adjust the working pressure, to protect them against over pressure, and a means
which makes it possible to connect a measuring gauge;
able to withstand three times the working pressure;
constructed so that uncontrolled hazardous movements are not created by variations of air
compressibility.
4.2.4 Controls
The parts of door controls which are also part of safety devices, such as
control units and output signal switching devices of safety devices,
control devices for limitation of forces,
control devices for limiting the leaf travel
shall be tested according to the relevant clauses 5, 6 and 7.
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4.2.5 Switching on of the drive
If the drive may be switched on by manual activation devices which are designed for impulse and/or automatic
and/or remote-controlled and/or programmed control operation, it shall be checked by inspection and/or test
that the danger points of the door are avoided or safeguarded.
When danger points have to be avoided by safety distances and/or fixed guards and/or proper shaping of leaf
surfaces, during the installation process, it shall be checked that all are properly addressed in the installation
instructions.
It shall be accepted that, in automatic mode of operation, the door leaf may move to the fully open position
and stop, or the door leaf may automatically move to the closed position after a period of time at the fully open
position.
4.2.6 Switching off of the drive
4.2.6.1 Switching off of the drive by stop-command
It shall be checked by test, that the leaf movement stops and the drive is switched off, as soon as a stop-
command, as specified in prEN 12453:2005, 5.2.7.1 is given.
4.2.6.2 Switching-off of the drive in case of power supply interruption
It shall be checked by test or inspection that, in case of interruption of the power supply during movement of
the door leaf, the subsequent restart when the supply is restored does not lead to a dangerous situation.
4.2.7 Manual actuators
It shall be checked that any manual actuators are provided in such a manner that
when permanently installed, the person operating the controls is not in a hazardous position. Check to be
carried out either on site or by checking that this item is correctly specified in the installation instructions,
unintended operation of the manual controls is prevented (by inspection).
4.2.8 Supply disconnecting device
It shall be checked that each door supplied with an electrical drive unit is equipped either with a supply
disconnecting device which disconnects all incoming sources of supply, or with a plug-in system which can be
used for isolation purposes.
It shall also be checked that this supply disconnecting device or plug-in system is designed so that it can be
safeguarded against unintentional and unauthorised switching on.
For domestic applications, this safeguarding can be disregarded only if the disconnecting device is installed in
vicinity of or in direct view from the drive unit. This shall be checked either on site or within the instructions for
installation.
4.3 Manual operation
When a manual operation is provided on a power operated door, compliance with prEN 12453:2005, 5.3, shall
be checked by inspection.
It shall be checked that instructions for use are correctly documented in respect of this point.
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The physical effort to operate the manual release is checked by operating it with the door stopped on an
obstacle at different heights during closing. The test is carried out with the sensitive protective devices
rendered inoperative and then the test is repeated without the drive being energised.
The physical effort needed to manually operate the door shall be measured in accordance with prEN 12605.
4.4 Additional hazards
4.4.1 Pass doors
It shall be checked by inspection that, if a pass door is fitted in a power-operated door, a device exists which
prevents movement of the drive as long as the pass-door is not in its fully closed position and stops the
movement if the pass door is opened.
4.4.2 Trapping
It shall be checked by inspection whether the door can be moved either by decoupling the drive from the door
leaf or by actuation of the drive by easily accessible means.
Where this is not possible, it shall be checked that the hazard of trapping is correctly specified in the
installation and user manual.
4.4.3 Leaf travel limiting devices
It shall be checked by inspection that the door leaf stops automatically and safely at its terminal travel
positions and that, after a final stop, the door leaf remains in a safe state and does not create any hazard.
4.4.4 Unintended movements of the door leaf
The door shall be tested in accordance with prEN 12605:2003, clauses 5.5.2 and 5.2.2.
In particular, the activation of a manual release, if fitted, shall be checked to be safe in case of one failure in
the suspension or balancing system.
By inspection, it shall be evaluated which mechanical parts can affect the safety of operation and whether they
are likely to break or become loose. These parts may be parts of the drive or those used for connecting the
drive to the door leaf.
NOTE Examples of parts which are evaluated are screws, pins, shafts, wheels, chains and supporting parts.
If inspection cannot determine whether the door will continue to operate normally or stop its movement when
the part has failed, faults shall be introduced one at a time and the door is operated as in normal use, the
force exerted by the drive being set at maximum in accordance with the instructions for use and the drive
being supplied at the most unfavourable voltage between 0,94 and 1,06 times rated voltage.
Unless the door continues to operate normally,
the door shall stop operating at least by the end of the cycle of movement,
further operation shall not be possible,
the speed of the door shall not increase by more than 20 %.
4.4.5 Interlocking
When a locking device is provided, it shall be checked that its activation does not create any dangerous
situation.
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5 Force measuring method
The opening and closing forces developed by a power operated door shall be measured with equipment
specified in 5.1.
Dependant on the type of door and door movement, the points where the forces have to be measured and the
direction of measurement are specified in 5.2.
The measurements shall be performed on a complete door assembly, fully equipped with all safety devices
incorporated and adjusted as specified in the instructions of the manufacturer.
5.1 Measuring equipment
In the following, only the master instrument is specified as a reference instrument. The master instrument may
also be used for site measurement. Should a more adaptable site measuring instrument be designed, such an
instrument shall be calibrated at regular intervals.
5.1.1 Reference measuring equipment
The test equipment for measuring forces shall consist of the following parts:
two contact areas with a diameter of 80 mm ± 1 %. The contact areas shall be made of suitable material
and be of sufficient thickness to retain rigidity;
a spring which gives the contact area a spring ratio of (500 ± 50) N/mm;
a load cell with an amplifier and a display unit, or any equivalent mechanical or electromechanical system.
The test equipment used for measurement of forces versus time shall also be equipped with a plotter, XY
recorder or similar.
The test equipment shall fulfil the following data:
measuring range from 25 N to 2 000 N;
rising/falling time of the load cell amplifier not > 5 ms.
The equipment shall be calibrated and therefore be able to give measured values with an accuracy of at least
± 5 % or ± 10 N, whichever is the maximum deviation.
5.1.2 Measuring equipment for “in situ” tests
Any equipment for “in-situ” testing shall be calibrated, with respect to force and time.
Calibration shall be performed at least once per year.
The equipment shall give measured values with an accuracy of at least ± 10 % or ± 20 N, whichever is the
maximum deviation.
5.2 Points of measuring
Three measurements shall be made at each measuring point. The mean average value obtained for each
point has to fulfil the requirements. In the following, the points of measuring are specified for different door
types, having to take the opening gap and direction of measurement into consideration. In addition to the
specified measuring points, one additional measuring point shall be specified by the testing body, at random.
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The direction of measurement shall be parallel to the line of application of the spring force of the measuring
instrument effected by the leaf during the process of measuring. The line of application shall be synchronised
with the centre line of the spring inside the measuring instrument, and shall pass through the centre points of
the hammerheads of the measuring instrument.
For doors with pressure sensitive protective equipment, where the contact area of the measuring instrument
comes too close to the extreme end of the edge, it is accepted that the instrument is moved so that
the measuring point is still covered by the contact area of the instrument
and
the distance between the extreme end of the closing edge and the edge of the contact area is 30 mm
maximum.
All dimensions specified in the following clauses and Figures shall be within ± 5 % of the specified values.
5.2.1 Sliding door
On a sliding door, the closing and opening forces shall be measured on both main and secondary closing
edges.
The forces shall be measured in the direction parallel to the direction of the movement of the closing edge.
5.2.1.1 Measuring between the main closing edge and the opposing edge, or between two main
edges
The measurement of forces shall be carried out at points located at three different heights (see Figure 1) as
follows:
at 50 mm above the lower edge of the door;
in the middle of the main closing edge or at a height of 2 500 mm above the floor when the length of the
main closing edge is > 5 000 mm;
and 300 mm below the upper edge of the door leaf or at a height of 2 500 mm above the floor where the
...
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