SIST EN 16416:2013
(Main)Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head
Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head
This European Standard describes an index test method that covers laboratory measurement of water flux through saturated geosynthetic clay barrier (GBR-C) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter at constant head. This test method is applicable to GBR-C products with no additional sealing layers attached. This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of a GBR-C.
Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der Durchflussrate - Triaxialzellen-Methode mit konstanter Druckhöhe
In der vorliegenden Norm ist ein Index Prüfverfahren beschrieben, das eine Labormessung der Durchflussrate von Wasser durch gesättigte Messproben einer geosynthetischen Tondichtungsbahn (GBR C) bei konstanter Druckhöhe unter Anwendung eines Durchlässigkeitsmessgerätes mit Triaxialzellen umfasst.
Das Verfahren ist auf GBR C Produkte ohne aufgebrachte zusätzliche Dichtungsschicht anwendbar.
Das Prüfverfahren beschreibt eine Messung der Durchflussrate unter einem vorgeschriebenen Satz von Bedingungen, die zur Qualitätsüberwachung bei der Herstellung angewendet werden kann. Die Prüfung kann außerdem zur Konformitätsprüfung angewendet werden.
Der nach diesem Prüfverfahren bestimmte Wert der Durchflussrate wird nicht als repräsentativ für die Durchflussrate einer im Einsatz befindlichen GBR C angesehen.
Barrières géosynthétiques argileuses - Détermination de l'indice eau par analyse en flux - Méthode au perméamètre à paroi flexible de charge constante
La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode d'essai index relative à la mesure en laboratoire du flux d'eau au travers d'éprouvettes de géosynthtéiques bentonitiques (GSB) saturés, utilisant un perméamètre à paroi flexible à charge constante.
Cette méthode d'essai est applicable aux géosynthétiques bentonitiques sans couches d'étanchéité supplémentaires attachées.
Cette méthode d'essai permet de mesurer le flux dans un ensemble de conditions prescrites qui peut être utilisée pour le contrôle de qualité de la fabrication. La méthode d'essai peut également être utilisée pour vérifier la conformité.
La valeur du flux déterminée à l'aide de cette méthode d'essai n'est pas considérée comme étant représentative du flux en service d'un GSB.
Geosintetične glinene pregrade - Ugotavljanje indeksa vodnega pretoka - Metoda s permeametrom (merilnikom prepustnosti) z gibko steno pri konstantnem vodnem tlaku
Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo za preskušanje indeksa, ki zajema laboratorijsko merjenje vodnega pretoka skozi nasičene vzorce geosintetične glinene pregrade (GBR-C) s permeametrom (merilnikom prepustnosti) z gibko steno pri konstantnem vodnem tlaku. Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za izdelke GBR-C brez dodatnih tesnilnih plasti. Ta preskusna metoda omogoča merjenje pretoka pri predpisanem naboru pogojev, ki se lahko uporablja za kontrolo kakovosti proizvodnje. Preskusna metoda se lahko uporablja tudi za preverjanje skladnosti. Vrednost pretoka, določena s to preskusno metodo, se ne šteje kot reprezentativna za pretok med obratovanjem GBR-C.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.WODNXGeosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der Durchflussrate - Triaxialzellen-Methode mit konstanter DruckhöheBarrières géosynthétiques argileuses - Détermination de l'indice eau par analyse en flux - Méthode au perméamètre à paroi flexible de charge constanteGeosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head91.100.50Veziva. Tesnilni materialiBinders. Sealing materials59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextilesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16416:2013SIST EN 16416:2013en,fr,de01-november-2013SIST EN 16416:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16416:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16416
September 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 English Version
Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head
Barrières géosynthétiques argileuses - Détermination de l'indice eau par analyse en flux - Méthode au perméamètre à paroi flexible de charge constante
Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der Durchflussrate - Triaxialzellen-Methode mit konstanter Druckhöhe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16416:2013: ESIST EN 16416:2013
EN 16416:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Apparatus .4 5 Permeant water .8 6 Specimen sampling and preparation .8 7 Procedure .8 7.1 General .8 7.2 Head loss of apparatus .8 7.3 Specimen set-up .8 7.4 Consolidation and pressure hydration .9 7.5 Permeation .9 7.6 Termination Criteria .9 8 Calculation .9 9 Report . 10 Annex A (informative)
Hydraulic conductivity calculation. 11 Annex B (informative)
Permittivity calculation (based on ASTM D 4491) . 12 Bibliography . 13
SIST EN 16416:2013
EN 16416:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16416:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 16416:2013
EN 16416:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes an index test method that covers laboratory measurement of water flux through saturated clay geosynthetic barrier (GBR-C) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter at constant head. This test method is applicable to GBR-C products with no additional sealing layers attached. This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance. The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of a GBR-C. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics — Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications ISO 11465, Soil quality — Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis — Gravimetric method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
flux volumetric flow rate per unit area normal to the plane of the product at a defined head
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10318, 4.3.3] 4 Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following. 4.1 Constant head hydraulic system 4.1.1 General The system shall be capable of maintaining constant hydraulic pressures to within ± 2,5 % and shall include means to measure the hydraulic pressures to within the prescribed tolerance. In addition, the system shall be capable of maintaining a constant head loss across the test specimen to within ± 5 % and shall include means to measure the head loss with the same accuracy or better.
SIST EN 16416:2013
EN 16416:2013 (E) 5 4.1.2 System de-airing The hydraulic system shall be designed to facilitate rapid and complete removal of free air bubbles from flow lines. 4.1.3 Cell pressure system The hydraulic system shall have the capability to apply back pressure to the specimen to facilitate saturation. The system shall be capable of maintaining the applied back pressure throughout the duration of the test. The cell pressure system shall be capable of applying, controlling, and measuring the back pressure to within
± 2,5 % of the applied pressure. The back pressure may be provided by a compressed gas supply, a deadweight acting on a piston, or any other method capable of applying and controlling the back pressure to the tolerance specified in this paragraph. NOTE Application of gas pressure directly to a liquid will dissolve gas in the liquid. A variety of techniques are available to minimise dissolution of gas in the back pressure liquid, including separation of gas and liquid phases with a bladder and frequent replacement of the liquid with de-aired water. 4.2 Flow Measurement System 4.2.1 Accuracy of inflow and outflow Both inflow and outflow volumes shall be measured unless the lack of leakage, continuity of flow, and cessation of consolidation or swelling can be verified by other means. Required accuracy for the flow measured over an interval of time is ± 5 %. 4.2.2 De-airing and compliance of the system The flow-measurement system shall contain a minimum of dead space and be capable of complete and rapid de-airing. Rigid tubing shall be used so that volume change of the system in response to changes in pressure is minimised. 4.3 Permeameter cell pressure system The system for pressurising the permeameter cell shall be capable of applying and maintaining the cell pressure to within ± 2,5 % of the applied pressure. However, the effective stress on the test specimen shall be maintained to the desired value with an accuracy of ± 5 %. The device for pressurising the cell may consist of a reservoir connected to the permeameter cell and partially filled with de-aired water, with the upper part of the reservoir connected to a compressed gas supply or other source of pressure (see NOTE).
NOTE De-aired water is commonly used for the cell liquid to minimise potential for diffusion of air through the membrane into the specimen. Other liquids, such as oils, which have low gas solubilities, are also acceptable, provided they do not react with components of the permeameter and the flexible membrane. The use of a long (approximately 5 m to 7 m) tube connecting the pressurised cell liquid to the cell can help delay the appearance of air in the cell liquid and to reduce the flux of dissolved air into the cell. 4.4 Permeameter Cell An apparatus shall be provided in which the specimen and porous end pieces, enclosed by a flexible membrane sealed to the cap and base, are subjected to controlled liquid pressures. A schematic diagram of a typical cell is shown in Figure 1. The permeameter cell shall allow for observation of changes in height of the specimen, either by observation through the cell wall using a suitable instrument or by monitoring of either a loading piston or an extensometer extending through the top plate of the cell bearing on the top cap and attached to a suitable measuring device.
The piston or extensometer – if used – shall pass through a bushing and seal incorporated into the top plate and shall be loaded with sufficient force to compensate for the cell pressure acting over the cross-sectional area of the piston where it passes through the seal. If deformations are measured, the deformation indicator SIST EN 16416:2013
EN 16416:2013 (E) 6 shall be graduated to 0,01 mm or better and shall have an adequate travel range. This piston or extensometer shall not restrict the swelling of the specimen. To facilitate gas removal, and thus saturation of the hydraulic system, four drainage lines leading to the specimen, two each to the base and top cap, are recommended. The drainage lines shall be controlled by no-volume-change valves, such as ball valves, and shall be designed to minimise dead space in the lines. 4.5 Top cap and base An impermeable, rigid top cap and base shall be used to support the specimen and provide for transmission of permeant liquid to and from the specimen. The base shall prevent leakage, lateral motion, or tilting, a
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16416:2012
01-junij-2012
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WODNX
Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index - Flexible wall
permeameter method at constant head
Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der Durchflussrate - Triaxialzellen-
Methode mit konstanter Druckhöhe
Barrières géosynthétiques argileuses - Détermination de l'indice eau par analyse en flux
- Méthode au perméamètre à paroi flexible de charge constante
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16416
ICS:
59.080.70 Geotekstilije Geotextiles
91.100.50 Veziva. Tesnilni materiali Binders. Sealing materials
oSIST prEN 16416:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 16416
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2012
ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50
English Version
Geosynthetic clay barriers - Determination of water flux index -
Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head
Barrières géosynthétiques argileuses - Détermination de Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der
l'indice eau par analyse en flux - Méthode au perméamètre Durchflussrate - Triaxialzellen-Methode mit konstanter
à paroi flexible de charge constante Druckhöhe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 189.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16416:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
prEN 16416:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .3
2 Normative references .3
3 Terms and definitions .3
4 Apparatus .4
4.1 Constant head hydraulic system .4
4.1.1 System de-airing .4
4.1.2 Back pressure system .4
4.2 Flow Measurement System .4
4.2.1 Accuracy of inflow and outflow .4
4.2.2 De-airing and compliance of the system .4
4.3 Permeameter cell pressure system .4
4.4 Permeameter Cell.5
4.5 Top cap and base.5
4.6 Flexible membranes .6
4.7 Porous end pieces .6
4.8 Filter paper .7
4.9 Devices for measuring the dimensions of the specimen .7
4.10 Equipment for mounting the specimen .7
4.11 Vacuum pump .7
4.12 Temperature maintaining device .7
5 Permeant water .7
6 Specimen sampling and preparation .7
7 Procedure .8
7.1 General .8
7.2 Head loss of apparatus .8
7.3 Specimen set-up .8
7.4 Consolidation and Backpressure Saturation .8
7.5 Permeation .9
7.6 Termination Criteria .9
8 Calculation .9
9 Report . 10
Annex A (informative) Hydraulic conductivity calculation . 11
Annex B (informative) Permittivity calculation based on ASTM D 4491 . 12
Bibliography . 13
2
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
prEN 16416:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 16416:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”,
the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes an index test method that covers laboratory measurement of water flux
through saturated geosynthetic clay barrier (GBR-C) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter at constant
head.
This test method is applicable to GBR-C products with no additional sealing layers attached.
This test method provides a measurement of flux under a prescribed set of conditions that can be used for
manufacturing quality control. The test method can also be used to check conformance.
The flux value determined using this test method is not considered to be representative of the in-service flux of
a GBR-C.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics – Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862)
EN ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics — Determination of thickness at specified pressures – Part 1: Single layers
(ISO 9863-1)
EN ISO 10318, Geosynthetics — Terms and definitions (ISO 10318)
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications (ISO 554)
ISO 11465, Soil quality – Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis – Gravimetric
method (ISO 11465:1993, Cor. 1:1994)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
Flux
The volumetric flow rate per unit area normal to the plane of the product at a defined head (EN ISO 10318)
3
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
prEN 16416:2012 (E)
3.2.
Geosynthetic clay barrier
A factory-assembled structure of geosynthetic materials in the form of a sheet, which acts as a barrier. The
barrier function is essentially fulfilled by clay. It is used in contact with soils and/or other materials in
geotechnical and civil engineering applications (EN ISO 10318).
4 Apparatus
4.1 Constant head hydraulic system
The system shall be capable of maintaining constant hydraulic pressures to within ± 2,5 % and shall include
means to measure the hydraulic pressures to within the prescribed tolerance. In addition, the system shall be
capable of maintaining a constant head loss across the test specimen to within ± 5 % and shall include means
to measure the head loss with the same accuracy or better.
4.1.1 System de-airing
The hydraulic system shall be designed to facilitate rapid and complete removal of free air bubbles from flow
lines.
4.1.2 Back pressure system
The hydraulic system shall have the capability to apply back pressure to the specimen to facilitate saturation.
The system shall be capable of maintaining the applied back pressure throughout the duration of the test. The
back pressure system shall be capable of applying, controlling, and measuring the back pressure to within
± 2,5 % of the applied pressure. The back pressure may be provided by a compressed gas supply, a
deadweight acting on a piston, or any other method capable of applying and controlling the back pressure to
the tolerance specified in this paragraph.
NOTE 1—Application of gas pressure directly to a liquid will dissolve gas in the liquid. A variety of techniques are available
to minimize dissolution of gas in the back pressure liquid, including separation of gas and liquid phases with a bladder and
frequent replacement of the liquid with de-aired water.
4.2 Flow Measurement System
4.2.1 Accuracy of inflow and outflow
Both inflow and outflow volumes shall be measured unless the lack of leakage, continuity of flow, and
cessation of consolidation or swelling can be verified by other means. Required accuracy for the flow
measured over an interval of time is ± 5 %.
4.2.2 De-airing and compliance of the system
The flow-measurement system shall contain a minimum of dead space and be capable of complete and rapid
de-airing. Rigid tubing shall be used so that volume change of the system in response to changes in pressure
is minimized.
4.3 Permeameter cell pressure system
The system for pressurizing the permeameter cell shall be capable of applying and maintaining the cell
pressure to within ± 2,5 % of the applied pressure. However, the effective stress on the test specimen shall be
maintained to the desired value with an accuracy of ± 5 %. The device for pressurizing the cell may consist of
a reservoir connected to the permeameter cell and partially filled with de-aired water, with the upper part of the
reservoir connected to a compressed gas supply or other source of pressure (see NOTE 2).
4
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oSIST prEN 16416:2012
prEN 16416:2012 (E)
NOTE 2—De-aired water is commonly used for the cell liquid to minimize potential for diffusion of air through the
membrane into the specimen. Other liquids, such as oils, which have low gas solubilities, are also acceptable, provided
they do not react with components of the permeameter and the flexible membrane. Also, use of a long (approximately 5 to
7 m) tube connecting the pressurized cell liquid to the cell helps to delay the appearance of air in the cell liquid and to
reduce the flux of dissolved air into the cell.
4.4 Permeameter Cell
An apparatus shall be provided in which the specimen and porous end pieces, enclosed by a flexible
membrane sealed to the cap and base, are subjected to controlled liquid pressures. A schematic diagram of a
typical cell is shown in Fig. 1.
The perme
...
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