SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
(Main)Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
This European Standard specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of rubber-tyred self-propelled earth-moving machines having a machine speed, determined in accordance with ISO 6014:1986, greater than 20 km/h.
It applies to tractors, loaders, backhoe loaders, excavators, dumpers, tractor-scrapers and graders equipped with either manual (unassisted) steering, power-assisted steering of fully powered steering as defined in ISO 6165:2006.
This European Standard excludes rollers, compactors and pipelayers.
Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen (ISO 5010:2019)
Dieses Dokument legt die Lenkanlagenprüfungen und Leistungskriterien zur Bewertung der Lenkbarkeit von Erdbaumaschinen auf Rädern mit aufsitzender Bedienperson entsprechend der Definition in ISO 6165:2012 fest. Zu den Maschinen auf Rädern gehören Maschinen, die mit Rädern, einer oder mehr Trommeln oder Raupen-Rad-Baugruppen ausgestattet sind.
Dieses Dokument behandelt die folgenden signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen oder Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf Maschinen auf Rädern zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter den vernünftigerweise vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Bedingungen des Missbrauchs verwendet werden:
— mechanische Gefährdungen;
— ergonomische Gefährdungen;
— Gefährdung aufgrund der Wartung;
— Gefährdungen aufgrund des Steuerungssystems;
— Gefährdungen im Zusammenhang mit der Fahrfunktion.
Die funktionale Sicherheit der Lenkanlage ist nicht Gegenstand dieses Dokuments.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Maschinen auf Rädern, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO 5010:2019)
Le présent document spécifie les essais et les critères de performance pour l'évaluation de la capacité de direction des engins de terrassement à conducteur porté et équipés de pneumatiques, tels que définis dans l'ISO 6165:2012. Les engins équipés de pneumatiques comprennent les machines équipées de roues, d'un ou de plusieurs tambours ou ensembles de chenillettes.
Le présent document traite des phénomènes dangereux, situations dangereuses ou événements dangereux significatifs suivants, relatifs aux engins équipés de pneumatiques lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme prévu ou dans des conditions de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant:
— phénomènes dangereux mécaniques;
— phénomènes dangereux engendrés par le non-respect des principes ergonomiques;
— phénomènes dangereux dus à la maintenance;
— phénomènes dangereux dus au système de commande;
— phénomènes dangereux relatifs à la fonction de déplacement;
La sécurité fonctionnelle du système de direction n'est pas couverte dans le présent document.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux engins équipés de pneumatiques fabriqués avant la date de sa publication.
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji s kolesi - Zahteve za krmiljenje (ISO 5010:2019)
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12643:2014
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji s kolesi - Zahteve za krmiljenje (ISO 5010:2019)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO
5010:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5010:2019
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 12643:2014
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering
requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen
pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO 5010:2019) (ISO 5010:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5010:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (Informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered. 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 5010:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127 "Earth-
moving machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment
and building material machines - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12643:2014.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5010:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5010:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(Informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/396 to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive
95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and
Directive 2006/42/EC [2006 L157]
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC of this EN
1.1.2. Principles of safety
integration 4
1.1.3. Materials and products 4.7.3
1.1.6 .Ergonomics 4.3.8, 4.5.1, 4.9
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of
control systems 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.4
1.2.2. Control devices 4.3.3, 4.3.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
1.2.5. Selection of control or
operating modes 4.8
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during
operation 4.4.1, 4.7.3
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 4.3.5
1.6.2. Access to operating
positions and servicing points 4.3.5
1.7.1.1. Information and
information devices 4.8.3
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 4.7.1.1
1.7.4.2. Contents of the
instructions 10
3.3.1. Control devices 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.3.6, 4.3.7
3.3.5. Control circuit failure 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
4
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
3.4.5. Means of access 4.3.7, 4.4.1 c)
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this
European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official
Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
5
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5010
Fourth edition
2019-11
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled
machines — Steering requirements
Engins de terrassement — Engins équipés de pneumatiques —
Systèmes de direction
Reference number
ISO 5010:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Required steering systems . 5
4.3 All steering systems . 5
4.4 Tests with all steering systems . 6
4.5 Primary steering system . 7
4.6 Secondary steering system . 7
4.7 Powered steering system . 7
4.8 Steering systems with principal and alternative steering control elements . 8
4.9 Ergonomic requirements . 8
5 Steering test course . 9
6 Machine specifications for test .10
7 Wheel circle test procedure .11
8 Steering tests .11
8.1 Tests with primary steering system .11
8.2 Tests with secondary steering system .12
8.3 Steering test with alternative steering control elements .14
9 Test report .15
10 Information for use .16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Instruction handbook .16
10.2.1 Machines equipped with powered steering system .16
10.2.2 Machines equipped with secondary steering system .17
10.2.3 Machines equipped with steering systems with alternative steering
control element with a controlled or limited speed range .17
Bibliography .18
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5010:2007), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the title has been changed to “Wheeled machines” to include machines with drums and crawler
wheel assemblies;
— requirements have been provided for earth-moving machinery (EMM) with a maximum machine
speed <20 km/h.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
As functional safety of steering system is not covered in this document, guidance for functional safety
of steering systems can be found in the following standards: ISO 15998, ISO/TS 15998-2, ISO 13849-1,
1) 2) 3)
ISO 19014-1, ISO 19014-2 , ISO 19014-3, ISO 19014-4 and ISO/TS 19014-5 .
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-2:2019.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-4:2019.
3) Under preparation.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5010:2019(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled machines — Steering
requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering
capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines
include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
— mechanical hazards;
— ergonomic hazards;
— hazards due to maintenance;
— hazards due to the control system;
— hazards related to travelling function.
Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document.
This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines —
Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 7457:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
4)
ISO 10968:— , Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 18752:2014, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for
hydraulic applications — Specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
4) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 10968:2019.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
steering system
system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-contacting wheels (3.2),
drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3) participating in steering the machine
3.1.1
manual steering system
steering system (3.1) depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to affect steering of
the machine
3.1.2
powered steering system
steering system (3.1) employing auxiliary power sources to supplement or replace the muscular power
of the operator to affect steering of the machine
3.1.3
primary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine when the steering system functions as intended
3.1.4
secondary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine in the event of a loss of the primary steering power
source (3.5.1)
3.2
wheel
circular structure able to rotate on an axle, either directly or with the use of bearings, with the external
part in contact with the ground
3.3
crawler wheel assembly
crawler system used in place of a wheel (3.2) on a single axle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Machines with crawler wheel assemblies are steered using techniques common to rubber-tyred
machines, for example Ackermann steering, articulated steering.
3.4
wheeled machine
machine on wheels (3.2), drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Key
1 drum
2 crawler wheel assembly
Figure 1 — Wheeled machine with drum and crawler wheel assemblies
3.5 steering power sources
3.5.1
primary steering power source
means for providing power to effect steering in a powered steering system (3.1.2)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator.
3.5.2
secondary steering power source
means for providing power to the secondary steering system (3.1.4) in the event of primary steering
power source failure (3.5.3)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery.
Note 1 to entry: It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time.
3.5.3
primary steering power source failure
complete and instantaneous loss of the primary steering power source (3.5.1)
3.6
steering control element
control element used by the operator to transmit the steering command for the desired direction or to
control the relative speed of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system
EXAMPLE Steering wheel (3.2), lever controls, joystick controls, pushbutton/touch pad controls and foot
pedal controls.
Note 1 to entry: For a machine that has equal alternative operator’s position both at the left-hand and right-hand
sides of the machine equipped with a conventional steering wheel at each position (e. g. some types of rollers),
these two steering wheels are considered as one steering element.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
3.6.1
principal steering control element
steering control element (3.6) at the operator’s positions that is primarily used to fulfil the primary
steering and, if applicable, the secondary steering
3.6.2
alternative steering control element
additional steering control element (3.6) that can be used instead of the principal steering control element
(3.6.1) to fulfil primary steering
3.7
steering effort
necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element (3.6) in order to steer the machine
3.8
steering angle
total displacement angle between the front wheels (3.2) and the rear wheels as they move about one or
more vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition
Note 1 to entry: The steering angle for multiple-axle machines is determined between the wheels at the farthest
forward and farthest rearward axles.
Note 2 to entry: Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward
the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering
is involved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified.
Note 3 to entry: A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering
is included, and also requires the location of the steering angle measurement to be specified.
3.9
width over wheels
distance on Y coordinate between two Y planes passing through the farthest points of the machine on
both sides of the zero Y plane measured at the location of the wheels (3.2)
3.10
outer wheel clearance diameter
diameter of the circular path described by the outermost point of the loaded (lower) section of the
wheel (3.2) located on the vertical diameter of the outermost wheel when the machine is executing its
sharpest practical turn under the conditions described in ISO 7457:1997, Clause 7
3.11
wheel circle
outer wheel clearance diameter (3.10) determined in accordance with Clause 7
3.12
maximum machine speed
maximum speed determined in accordance with ISO 6014
[SOURCE: ISO 3450:2011, 3.12, modified — The words ", or equivalent" have been removed.]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause, unless modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard series. In addition,
the machine shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for hazards relevant but
not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
4.2 Required steering systems
4.2.1 All machines shall have a primary steering system.
4.2.2 Machines with a maximum machine speed ≥20 km/h shall have a secondary steering system.
This does not apply to machines equipped with a manual steering system as the primary steering system.
4.3 All steering systems
4.3.1 The steering control element shall continue to be the steering control means for the operator
in case of primary steering power source failure. If multiple steering control elements are provided, see
requirements in 4.8.
4.3.2 When the steering control element is released, the selected wheel circle shall remain constant or
become larger during travel in the forward direction.
NOTE For more information on primary steering control requirements see 8.1.2.
4.3.3 The steering system shall be designed so that the movement of the steering control element is
consistent with its effect. If control operation is not obvious, an operational sign shall be provided (e.g.
using symbols). Operation of the steering control element shall be in accordance with ISO 10968:— and,
as applicable, with the normal functioning of the machine.
4.3.4 During machine operation, no uncontrolled steering movement shall occur due to the operation
of the steering control element.
4.3.5 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of components arranged
so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed.
4.3.6 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions given in 4.3.6.1 and 4.3.6.2.
4.3.6.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine functions shall be minimized by appropriate
arrangement and geometry. Examples of influences to be minimized are:
— axle oscillations, and
— braking torque at the wheels.
4.3.6.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of external forces on the machine within
the applications for which the machine is designed (e.g. articulated machine na
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12643:2014
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji s kolesi - Zahteve za krmiljenje (ISO 5010:2019)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO
5010:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5010:2019
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 12643:2014
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering
requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen
pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO 5010:2019) (ISO 5010:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5010:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (Informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered. 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 5010:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127 "Earth-
moving machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment
and building material machines - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12643:2014.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5010:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5010:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(Informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/396 to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive
95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and
Directive 2006/42/EC [2006 L157]
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC of this EN
1.1.2. Principles of safety
integration 4
1.1.3. Materials and products 4.7.3
1.1.6 .Ergonomics 4.3.8, 4.5.1, 4.9
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of
control systems 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.4
1.2.2. Control devices 4.3.3, 4.3.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
1.2.5. Selection of control or
operating modes 4.8
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during
operation 4.4.1, 4.7.3
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 4.3.5
1.6.2. Access to operating
positions and servicing points 4.3.5
1.7.1.1. Information and
information devices 4.8.3
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 4.7.1.1
1.7.4.2. Contents of the
instructions 10
3.3.1. Control devices 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.3.6, 4.3.7
3.3.5. Control circuit failure 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
4
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
3.4.5. Means of access 4.3.7, 4.4.1 c)
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this
European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official
Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
5
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5010
Fourth edition
2019-11
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled
machines — Steering requirements
Engins de terrassement — Engins équipés de pneumatiques —
Systèmes de direction
Reference number
ISO 5010:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Required steering systems . 5
4.3 All steering systems . 5
4.4 Tests with all steering systems . 6
4.5 Primary steering system . 7
4.6 Secondary steering system . 7
4.7 Powered steering system . 7
4.8 Steering systems with principal and alternative steering control elements . 8
4.9 Ergonomic requirements . 8
5 Steering test course . 9
6 Machine specifications for test .10
7 Wheel circle test procedure .11
8 Steering tests .11
8.1 Tests with primary steering system .11
8.2 Tests with secondary steering system .12
8.3 Steering test with alternative steering control elements .14
9 Test report .15
10 Information for use .16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Instruction handbook .16
10.2.1 Machines equipped with powered steering system .16
10.2.2 Machines equipped with secondary steering system .17
10.2.3 Machines equipped with steering systems with alternative steering
control element with a controlled or limited speed range .17
Bibliography .18
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5010:2007), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the title has been changed to “Wheeled machines” to include machines with drums and crawler
wheel assemblies;
— requirements have been provided for earth-moving machinery (EMM) with a maximum machine
speed <20 km/h.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
As functional safety of steering system is not covered in this document, guidance for functional safety
of steering systems can be found in the following standards: ISO 15998, ISO/TS 15998-2, ISO 13849-1,
1) 2) 3)
ISO 19014-1, ISO 19014-2 , ISO 19014-3, ISO 19014-4 and ISO/TS 19014-5 .
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-2:2019.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-4:2019.
3) Under preparation.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5010:2019(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled machines — Steering
requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering
capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines
include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
— mechanical hazards;
— ergonomic hazards;
— hazards due to maintenance;
— hazards due to the control system;
— hazards related to travelling function.
Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document.
This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines —
Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 7457:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
4)
ISO 10968:— , Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 18752:2014, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for
hydraulic applications — Specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
4) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 10968:2019.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
steering system
system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-contacting wheels (3.2),
drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3) participating in steering the machine
3.1.1
manual steering system
steering system (3.1) depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to affect steering of
the machine
3.1.2
powered steering system
steering system (3.1) employing auxiliary power sources to supplement or replace the muscular power
of the operator to affect steering of the machine
3.1.3
primary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine when the steering system functions as intended
3.1.4
secondary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine in the event of a loss of the primary steering power
source (3.5.1)
3.2
wheel
circular structure able to rotate on an axle, either directly or with the use of bearings, with the external
part in contact with the ground
3.3
crawler wheel assembly
crawler system used in place of a wheel (3.2) on a single axle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Machines with crawler wheel assemblies are steered using techniques common to rubber-tyred
machines, for example Ackermann steering, articulated steering.
3.4
wheeled machine
machine on wheels (3.2), drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Key
1 drum
2 crawler wheel assembly
Figure 1 — Wheeled machine with drum and crawler wheel assemblies
3.5 steering power sources
3.5.1
primary steering power source
means for providing power to effect steering in a powered steering system (3.1.2)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator.
3.5.2
secondary steering power source
means for providing power to the secondary steering system (3.1.4) in the event of primary steering
power source failure (3.5.3)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery.
Note 1 to entry: It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time.
3.5.3
primary steering power source failure
complete and instantaneous loss of the primary steering power source (3.5.1)
3.6
steering control element
control element used by the operator to transmit the steering command for the desired direction or to
control the relative speed of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system
EXAMPLE Steering wheel (3.2), lever controls, joystick controls, pushbutton/touch pad controls and foot
pedal controls.
Note 1 to entry: For a machine that has equal alternative operator’s position both at the left-hand and right-hand
sides of the machine equipped with a conventional steering wheel at each position (e. g. some types of rollers),
these two steering wheels are considered as one steering element.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
3.6.1
principal steering control element
steering control element (3.6) at the operator’s positions that is primarily used to fulfil the primary
steering and, if applicable, the secondary steering
3.6.2
alternative steering control element
additional steering control element (3.6) that can be used instead of the principal steering control element
(3.6.1) to fulfil primary steering
3.7
steering effort
necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element (3.6) in order to steer the machine
3.8
steering angle
total displacement angle between the front wheels (3.2) and the rear wheels as they move about one or
more vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition
Note 1 to entry: The steering angle for multiple-axle machines is determined between the wheels at the farthest
forward and farthest rearward axles.
Note 2 to entry: Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward
the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering
is involved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified.
Note 3 to entry: A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering
is included, and also requires the location of the steering angle measurement to be specified.
3.9
width over wheels
distance on Y coordinate between two Y planes passing through the farthest points of the machine on
both sides of the zero Y plane measured at the location of the wheels (3.2)
3.10
outer wheel clearance diameter
diameter of the circular path described by the outermost point of the loaded (lower) section of the
wheel (3.2) located on the vertical diameter of the outermost wheel when the machine is executing its
sharpest practical turn under the conditions described in ISO 7457:1997, Clause 7
3.11
wheel circle
outer wheel clearance diameter (3.10) determined in accordance with Clause 7
3.12
maximum machine speed
maximum speed determined in accordance with ISO 6014
[SOURCE: ISO 3450:2011, 3.12, modified — The words ", or equivalent" have been removed.]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause, unless modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard series. In addition,
the machine shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for hazards relevant but
not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
4.2 Required steering systems
4.2.1 All machines shall have a primary steering system.
4.2.2 Machines with a maximum machine speed ≥20 km/h shall have a secondary steering system.
This does not apply to machines equipped with a manual steering system as the primary steering system.
4.3 All steering systems
4.3.1 The steering control element shall continue to be the steering control means for the operator
in case of primary steering power source failure. If multiple steering control elements are provided, see
requirements in 4.8.
4.3.2 When the steering control element is released, the selected wheel circle shall remain constant or
become larger during travel in the forward direction.
NOTE For more information on primary steering control requirements see 8.1.2.
4.3.3 The steering system shall be designed so that the movement of the steering control element is
consistent with its effect. If control operation is not obvious, an operational sign shall be provided (e.g.
using symbols). Operation of the steering control element shall be in accordance with ISO 10968:— and,
as applicable, with the normal functioning of the machine.
4.3.4 During machine operation, no uncontrolled steering movement shall occur due to the operation
of the steering control element.
4.3.5 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of components arranged
so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed.
4.3.6 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions given in 4.3.6.1 and 4.3.6.2.
4.3.6.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine functions shall be minimized by appropriate
arrangement and geometry. Examples of influences to be minimized are:
— axle oscillations, and
— braking torque at the wheels.
4.3.6.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of external forces on the machine within
the applications for which the machine is designed (e.g. articulated machine na
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
01-marec-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12643:2014
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji s kolesi - Zahteve za krmiljenje (ISO 5010:2019)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO
5010:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5010:2019
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
SIST EN ISO 5010:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 12643:2014
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering
requirements (ISO 5010:2019)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen
pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction (ISO 5010:2019) (ISO 5010:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5010:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (Informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered. 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 5010:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127 "Earth-
moving machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment
and building material machines - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12643:2014.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5010:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5010:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(Informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/396 to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive
95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and
Directive 2006/42/EC [2006 L157]
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC of this EN
1.1.2. Principles of safety
integration 4
1.1.3. Materials and products 4.7.3
1.1.6 .Ergonomics 4.3.8, 4.5.1, 4.9
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of
control systems 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.4
1.2.2. Control devices 4.3.3, 4.3.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
1.2.5. Selection of control or
operating modes 4.8
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during
operation 4.4.1, 4.7.3
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 4.3.5
1.6.2. Access to operating
positions and servicing points 4.3.5
1.7.1.1. Information and
information devices 4.8.3
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 4.7.1.1
1.7.4.2. Contents of the
instructions 10
3.3.1. Control devices 4.3.2, 4.3.4, 4.3.6, 4.3.7
3.3.5. Control circuit failure 4.2.2, 4.3.1, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
4
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EN ISO 5010:2019 (E)
3.4.5. Means of access 4.3.7, 4.4.1 c)
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this
European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official
Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
5
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5010
Fourth edition
2019-11
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled
machines — Steering requirements
Engins de terrassement — Engins équipés de pneumatiques —
Systèmes de direction
Reference number
ISO 5010:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Required steering systems . 5
4.3 All steering systems . 5
4.4 Tests with all steering systems . 6
4.5 Primary steering system . 7
4.6 Secondary steering system . 7
4.7 Powered steering system . 7
4.8 Steering systems with principal and alternative steering control elements . 8
4.9 Ergonomic requirements . 8
5 Steering test course . 9
6 Machine specifications for test .10
7 Wheel circle test procedure .11
8 Steering tests .11
8.1 Tests with primary steering system .11
8.2 Tests with secondary steering system .12
8.3 Steering test with alternative steering control elements .14
9 Test report .15
10 Information for use .16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Instruction handbook .16
10.2.1 Machines equipped with powered steering system .16
10.2.2 Machines equipped with secondary steering system .17
10.2.3 Machines equipped with steering systems with alternative steering
control element with a controlled or limited speed range .17
Bibliography .18
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery,
Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5010:2007), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the title has been changed to “Wheeled machines” to include machines with drums and crawler
wheel assemblies;
— requirements have been provided for earth-moving machinery (EMM) with a maximum machine
speed <20 km/h.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
As functional safety of steering system is not covered in this document, guidance for functional safety
of steering systems can be found in the following standards: ISO 15998, ISO/TS 15998-2, ISO 13849-1,
1) 2) 3)
ISO 19014-1, ISO 19014-2 , ISO 19014-3, ISO 19014-4 and ISO/TS 19014-5 .
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-2:2019.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 19014-4:2019.
3) Under preparation.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5010:2019(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled machines — Steering
requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering
capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines
include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
— mechanical hazards;
— ergonomic hazards;
— hazards due to maintenance;
— hazards due to the control system;
— hazards related to travelling function.
Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document.
This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3450:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines —
Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 7457:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
4)
ISO 10968:— , Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 18752:2014, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for
hydraulic applications — Specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
4) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 10968:2019.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
steering system
system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-contacting wheels (3.2),
drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3) participating in steering the machine
3.1.1
manual steering system
steering system (3.1) depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to affect steering of
the machine
3.1.2
powered steering system
steering system (3.1) employing auxiliary power sources to supplement or replace the muscular power
of the operator to affect steering of the machine
3.1.3
primary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine when the steering system functions as intended
3.1.4
secondary steering system
steering system (3.1) used to steer the machine in the event of a loss of the primary steering power
source (3.5.1)
3.2
wheel
circular structure able to rotate on an axle, either directly or with the use of bearings, with the external
part in contact with the ground
3.3
crawler wheel assembly
crawler system used in place of a wheel (3.2) on a single axle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Machines with crawler wheel assemblies are steered using techniques common to rubber-tyred
machines, for example Ackermann steering, articulated steering.
3.4
wheeled machine
machine on wheels (3.2), drums or crawler wheel assemblies (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
Key
1 drum
2 crawler wheel assembly
Figure 1 — Wheeled machine with drum and crawler wheel assemblies
3.5 steering power sources
3.5.1
primary steering power source
means for providing power to effect steering in a powered steering system (3.1.2)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator.
3.5.2
secondary steering power source
means for providing power to the secondary steering system (3.1.4) in the event of primary steering
power source failure (3.5.3)
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery.
Note 1 to entry: It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time.
3.5.3
primary steering power source failure
complete and instantaneous loss of the primary steering power source (3.5.1)
3.6
steering control element
control element used by the operator to transmit the steering command for the desired direction or to
control the relative speed of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system
EXAMPLE Steering wheel (3.2), lever controls, joystick controls, pushbutton/touch pad controls and foot
pedal controls.
Note 1 to entry: For a machine that has equal alternative operator’s position both at the left-hand and right-hand
sides of the machine equipped with a conventional steering wheel at each position (e. g. some types of rollers),
these two steering wheels are considered as one steering element.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
3.6.1
principal steering control element
steering control element (3.6) at the operator’s positions that is primarily used to fulfil the primary
steering and, if applicable, the secondary steering
3.6.2
alternative steering control element
additional steering control element (3.6) that can be used instead of the principal steering control element
(3.6.1) to fulfil primary steering
3.7
steering effort
necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element (3.6) in order to steer the machine
3.8
steering angle
total displacement angle between the front wheels (3.2) and the rear wheels as they move about one or
more vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition
Note 1 to entry: The steering angle for multiple-axle machines is determined between the wheels at the farthest
forward and farthest rearward axles.
Note 2 to entry: Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward
the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering
is involved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified.
Note 3 to entry: A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering
is included, and also requires the location of the steering angle measurement to be specified.
3.9
width over wheels
distance on Y coordinate between two Y planes passing through the farthest points of the machine on
both sides of the zero Y plane measured at the location of the wheels (3.2)
3.10
outer wheel clearance diameter
diameter of the circular path described by the outermost point of the loaded (lower) section of the
wheel (3.2) located on the vertical diameter of the outermost wheel when the machine is executing its
sharpest practical turn under the conditions described in ISO 7457:1997, Clause 7
3.11
wheel circle
outer wheel clearance diameter (3.10) determined in accordance with Clause 7
3.12
maximum machine speed
maximum speed determined in accordance with ISO 6014
[SOURCE: ISO 3450:2011, 3.12, modified — The words ", or equivalent" have been removed.]
4 General requirements
4.1 General
Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause, unless modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard series. In addition,
the machine shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for hazards relevant but
not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
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SIST EN ISO 5010:2020
ISO 5010:2019(E)
4.2 Required steering systems
4.2.1 All machines shall have a primary steering system.
4.2.2 Machines with a maximum machine speed ≥20 km/h shall have a secondary steering system.
This does not apply to machines equipped with a manual steering system as the primary steering system.
4.3 All steering systems
4.3.1 The steering control element shall continue to be the steering control means for the operator
in case of primary steering power source failure. If multiple steering control elements are provided, see
requirements in 4.8.
4.3.2 When the steering control element is released, the selected wheel circle shall remain constant or
become larger during travel in the forward direction.
NOTE For more information on primary steering control requirements see 8.1.2.
4.3.3 The steering system shall be designed so that the movement of the steering control element is
consistent with its effect. If control operation is not obvious, an operational sign shall be provided (e.g.
using symbols). Operation of the steering control element shall be in accordance with ISO 10968:— and,
as applicable, with the normal functioning of the machine.
4.3.4 During machine operation, no uncontrolled steering movement shall occur due to the operation
of the steering control element.
4.3.5 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of components arranged
so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed.
4.3.6 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions given in 4.3.6.1 and 4.3.6.2.
4.3.6.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine functions shall be minimized by appropriate
arrangement and geometry. Examples of influences to be minimized are:
— axle oscillations, and
— braking torque at the wheels.
4.3.6.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of external forces on the machine within
the applications for which the machine is designed (e.g. articulated machine na
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
01-oktober-2018
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji na kolesih - Zahteve za krmiljenje (ISO/DIS
5010:2018)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled machines - Steering requirements (ISO/DIS
5010:2018)
Erdbaumaschinen - Bereifte Maschinen - Lenkanlagen (ISO/DIS 5010:2018)
Engins de terrassement - Engins équipés de pneumatiques - Systèmes de direction
(ISO/DIS 5010:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 5010
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 5010
ISO/TC 127/SC 2 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-07-31 2018-10-23
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled machines — Steering
requirements
Engins de terrassement — Engins équipés de pneumatiques — Systèmes de direction
ICS: 53.100
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 4
4.1 Required steering systems . 4
4.2 All steering systems . 4
4.3 Tests with all steering systems . 4
4.4 Primary Steering systems . 6
4.5 Secondary Steering systems . 7
4.6 Powered Steering systems . 7
4.7 Steering systems control safety . 7
5 Steering test course . 9
6 Machine specifications for test .10
7 Wheel circle test procedure .11
8 Steering tests .12
8.1 Tests with primary steering system .12
8.2 Tests with secondary steering system .13
8.3 Steering test with alternative steering control elements .14
9 Test report .15
Bibliography .17
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5010 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee
SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors.
The main changes with respect to previous edition are that Earth-moving machinery (EMM) with a
maximum machine speed < 20 km/h is also covered by the standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 5010:2007), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Introduction
This standard now includes steering requirements for drums and crawler wheel assembly EMM.
Functional safety of Steering system is not covered in this document. Guidance for functional safety
of steering systems can be found in the following standards: ISO 15998:2008, ISO/TS 15998-2:2012
and ISO 13849-1:2015. The ISO 19014- series is under development, once it is published it will give the
Functional safety requirements of the Earth-Moving Machinery
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled machines — Steering
requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering
capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. Wheeled machines
include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3450, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines — Performance
requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 7457, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines
ISO 10968, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 13849 (all parts), Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems
ISO 15998, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components —
Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
ISO 18752, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire- or textile-reinforced single-pressure types for
hydraulic applications — Specification
ISO 19014, Earth-moving machinery — Control system safety — Risk assessment and determination of
performance level
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
steering system
system including all machine elements between the operator and the ground-contacting wheels, drums
or crawler wheel assemblies participating in steering the machine
3.1.1
manual steering system
steering system depending exclusively on the muscular power of the operator to effect steering of
the machine
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
3.1.2
powered steering system
steering system employing auxiliary power sources to supplement or replace the muscular power of
the operator to effect steering of the machine
3.1.3
primary steering system
steering system used to steer the machine when the steering system functions as intended
3.1.4
secondary steering system
steering system used to steer the machine in the event of a failure of the primary steering power
source(s) or engine stoppage
3.2
wheel
circular structure able to rotate on an axle, either directly or with the use of bearing(s), with the
external part in contact with the ground
3.3
crawler wheel assembly
crawler system used to replace a wheel on a single axleSee Fig 1
Note 1 to entry: Machines with crawler wheel assemblies are steered using techniques common to rubber-tyred
machines, for example Ackermann steering, articulated steering
3.4
wheeled machine
machine on wheels, drums or crawler wheel assembliesSee Fig 1
Key
1 drum
2 crawler wheel
Figure 1 — Wheeled machine with drum and crawler wheel assemblies
3.5
steering power sources
3.5.1
primary steering power source
means for providing power to effect steering in a power assisted steering in a powered steering system
EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, electric generator.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
3.5.2
secondary steering power source
means for providing power to the secondary steering system in the event of primary steering power
source failure
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Hydraulic pump, air compressor, accumulator, battery.
Note 1 to entry: It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time
3.5.3
primary steering power source failure
complete and instantaneous loss of the primary steering power source
Note 1 to entry: It is assumed that not more than one failure will occur at the same time
3.6
steering control element
control elements used by the operator to transmit the desired direction of steering of the machine or
generate control of the relative speed of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the drive system
EXAMPLE 1 steering wheel, lever controls, joystick controls, pushbutton/touch pad controls and foot pedal
controls
EXAMPLE 2 For a machine that has an equal alternative operator’s position both at left and right-hand side of
the machine equipped with a conventional steering wheel at both positions (e. g. some kind of rollers), these two
steering wheels shall be considered as one steering element
3.6.1
principal steering control element
steering control element at the operator’s positions that is used to fulfil the primary steering and
secondary steering, if applicable
3.6.2
alternative steering control element
additional steering control element, that can be used instead of the principal steering control element
to fulfil primary steering
3.7
steering effort
necessary force exerted by the operator on the steering control element in order to steer the machine
3.8
steering angle
total displacement angle between the front wheels and the rear wheels as they move about one or more
vertical steering axes from their normal straight-ahead condition to a turned condition
Note 1 to entry: The steering angle for multiple-axle machines is determined between the wheels at the farthest
forward and farthest rearward axles.
Note 2 to entry: Ackermann steering inherently has a greater steering angle on the side of the machine toward
the inside of the turn as compared to the wheels on the outside of the turn. Therefore, where Ackermann steering
is involved, the location of the steering angle measurement also needs to be specified.
Note 3 to entry: A steering angle accomplished by a combination of geometries incorporating Ackermann steering
is included, and also requires the location of the steering angle measurement to be specified.
3.9
wheel circle
outer wheel clearance diameter determined in accordance with Clause 7
3.10
working circuit pressure
nominal pressure applied to the specific circuit by the pumps
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
3.11
transfer device
parts of the steering system (3.1) being used to transfer forces (actuation forces and steering forces)
or steering commands between the steering control element (3.6), and if applicable, the steering power
sources (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: The steering forces or steering commands can be transferred mechanically, hydraulically,
electrically, electronically or as a combination of these.
3.12
maximum machine speed
maximum speed determined in accordance with ISO 6014Source: ISO 3450:2011, clause 3.12, modified.
4 General requirements
4.1 Required steering systems
4.1.1 All machines shall have a primary steering system.
4.1.2 Machines with a maximum machine speed ≥ 20 km/h, except for machines equipped with a
manual steering system as the primary steering system, shall have a secondary steering system.”
4.2 All steering systems
4.2.1 The steering control element shall continue to be the steering control means of the operator in
case of primary steering power source failure. If multiple steering control elements are provided, see
requirements in 4.6.
4.2.2 When the steering control element is released, the selected wheel circle (see 3.9) shall remain
constant or become larger during travel in the forward direction.
4.2.3 The steering system shall be designed so that the movement of the steering control element is
consistent with its effect. If control operation is not obvious, an operational sign shall be provided (e.g.
using symbols). Operation of the steering control element shall be in accordance with ISO 10968 and,
as applicable, with the normal functioning of the machine. During machine operation, no uncontrolled
steering movement shall occur due to the operation of the steering control system.
4.3 Tests with all steering systems
4.3.1 Adjustable steering systems, if equipped, shall be tested at mid-point adjustment position. At the
conclusion of the tests, the steering systems including the adjustabel steering systems, if equipped, shall
remain functional.
Steering systems with a steering wheel as the steering control element shall resist as below applied to
the steering control element in the direction of the control element movement without any restriction
of their function:
a) Apply a force (F) equal to 900 N as shown in Figure 2
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Figure 2 — Test force applied in radial direction
b) Apply a force (F) equal to 900 N as shown in Figure 3
Figure 3 — Test force applied in axial direction
c) If the steering wheel can be grasped by the operator during ingress/egress from the operator
station an additional test shall be performed. Apply a force (F) equal to 1000 N as shown in Figure 4
NOTE The 1000 N force is based on the minimum force requirement for handrails in ISO 2867
Other steering control elements shall meet the minimum mechanical strength requirements as given in
ISO 10968 and still remain functional for steering
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oSIST prEN ISO 5010:2018
ISO/DIS 5010:2018(E)
Figure 4 — Test force applied in radial direction sideways
4.3.2 Steering systems shall be tested according to Clause 8. Machine wheels shall remain within the
boundaries of the test courses as shown in Figures 5 and 6, excepting machines with three or more axles
which include a towed semi-trailed or trailing section or unit(s), where the wheel path of those semi-
trailed or trailing units is excluded.
4.3.3 Steering system reliability shall be enhanced by the selection and design of components arranged
so that inspection and maintenance can be readily performed.
4.3.4 Steering system disturbances shall meet the conditions given in 4.3.6.1 and 4.3.6.2.
4.3.4.1 Steering system disturbances due to other machine functions shall be minimized by appropriate
arrangement and geometry. Examples of influences to be minimized are
— machine side inclinations,
— axle oscillations, and
— braking torque at the wheels.”
4.3.4.2 Steering system disturbances due to the influences of external forces on the machine within
the applications for which the machine is designed shall not significantly affect steering control.
4.3.5 Unintentional operation
All steering control elements, except for the conventional steering wheel, shall be designed, arranged
(i.e. operator station layout), taken out of service (i.e. interlocked) or secured such as to reduce the
possibility of unintentional activation when a person is entering or leaving the operator area.
4.3.6 Machines capable of speeds ≥ 20 km/h in reverse shall have similar steering system forces, rates
and duration capability in both forward and reverse for primary and secondary steering systems. This
may be verified by system schematics or calculations. A test in reverse is not required.
4.4 Primary Steering systems
4.4.1 The primary steering system sensitivity, modulation and response shall be adequate to allow the
operator to maintain the machine consistently within the intended operating path of each operation for
which the machine was designed. This shall be verified by meeting the requirements of 8,1. If a steering
control does not permit modulated steering speed, the machine speed shall be limited to ≤10 km/h.
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