SIST EN 12385-2:2003+A1:2008
(Main)Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
This part of this European Standard defines terms, specifies designations and classifies steel wire ropes and is for use in conjunction with all other parts of this standard.
It applies to ropes that have been manufactured after the date of issue of the standard.
Stahldrahtseile - Sicherheit - Teil 2: Begriffe, Bezeichnungen und Klassifizierung
Dieser Teil dieser Europäischen Norm definiert Begriffe, legt Bezeichnungen fest und teilt Drahtseile aus Stahldraht
nach Klassen ein. Er ist zur Anwendung in Verbindung mit allen anderen Teilen dieser Norm vorgesehen.
Er gilt für Seile, die nach dem Ausgabedatum der Norm hergestellt wurden.
Câbles en acier - Sécurité - Partie 2: Définitions, désignation et classification
La présente partie de la norme européenne définit les termes, spécifie les désignations et classe les câbles en
acier ; elle doit être utilisée avec l’ensemble des autres parties de la présente norme.
Elle s’applique aux câbles fabriqués après la date de publication de la norme.
Jeklene žične vrvi - Varnost - 2. del: Pojmi, označbe in razvrstitev
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classificationWHYCâbles en acier - Sécurité - Partie 2: Définitions, désignation et classificationStahldrahtseile - Sicherheit - Teil 2: Begriffe, Bezeichnungen und KlassifizierungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008SIST EN 12385-2:2003+A1:2008en,fr,de77.140.65ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12385-2:2003+A1:200801-junij-2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12385-2:2002+A1
March 2008 ICS 77.140.65 Supersedes EN 12385-2:2002 English Version
Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
Câbles en acier - Sécurité - Partie 2: Définitions, désignation et classification
Stahldrahtseile - Sicherheit - Teil 2: Begriffe, Bezeichnungen und Klassifizierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2002 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008: E
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
2 Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Rope designation.28 5 Classification.36 Annex A (informative)
Elements of a rope.41 Annex B (informative)
More examples of the designation system.42 Annex C (informative)
Index for definitions (in alphabetical order).48 Annex ZA (informative) !!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37.51 Annex ZB (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.52 Bibliography.53
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168, "Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety", the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-02-14. This document supersedes EN 12385-2:2002. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.
The other parts of this European Standard are: Part 1: General requirements Part 3: Information for use and maintenance Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications Part 5: Stranded ropes for lifts Part 6: Stranded ropes for mine shafts Part 7: Locked coil ropes for mine shafts Part 8: Stranded hauling and carrying-hauling ropes for cableway installations designed to carry persons Part 9: Locked coil carrying ropes for cableway installations designed to carry persons Part 10: Spiral ropes for general structural applications
Part 1 provides the general requirements of Parts 4 to 10. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
4 Introduction This part of this European Standard has been prepared to support Parts 4 to 10 that concern themselves with the particular requirements for steel wire ropes for use in specific applications. The rope designation system described in clause 4 is provided with the intention of it being used to describe the rope in the certificate or inspection document referred to in the other Parts. The rope classification system described in clause 5 is provided to define which constructions apply to a specific rope class. The designation and classification systems described in clauses 4 and 5 respectively may also be used for ropes not covered by the other parts of this standard. 1 Scope This part of this European Standard defines terms, specifies designations and classifies steel wire ropes and is for use in conjunction with all other parts of this standard. It applies to ropes that have been manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of EN 12385, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Wires 3.1.1 outer wires all wires positioned in the outer layer of a spiral rope or in the outer layer of wires in the outer strands of a stranded rope 3.1.2 inner wires all wires of intermediate layers positioned between the centre wire and outer layer of wires in a spiral rope or all other wires except centre, filler, core and outer wires in a stranded rope 3.1.3 filler wires wires used in filler constructions to fill up the interstices between wire layers, see Figure 8 3.1.4 centre wires wires positioned either at the centre of a spiral rope or the centres of strands of a stranded rope 3.1.5 core wires all wires of the core of a stranded rope 3.1.6 load-bearing wires those wires in a rope which are regarded as contributing towards the breaking force of the rope
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 5 3.1.7 layer of wires an assembly of wires having one pitch circle diameter. The exception is Warrington layer comprising large and small wires where the smaller wires are positioned on a larger pitch circle diameter than the larger wires. The first layer is that which is laid immediately over the strand centre NOTE Filler wires do not constitute a separate layer. 3.1.8 stitching wire or strand single wire or strand used for the stitching of flat ropes 3.1.9 serving wire or strand single wire or strand used for making a close-wound helical serving to retain the elements of a rope in their assembled position 3.1.10
wire tensile strength grade (R) a level of requirement of tensile strength of a wire and its corresponding range. It is designated by the value according to the lower limit of tensile strength and is used when specifying wire and when determining the calculated minimum breaking force or calculated minimum aggregate breaking force of a rope, expressed in N/mm2 3.1.11 wire tensile strength (Rm) the ratio between the maximum force obtained in a tensile test and the nominal cross-sectional area of the test piece, expressed in N/mm2 3.1.12 finish and quality of coating the condition of the surface finish of the wire e.g. uncoated (bright), zinc coated, zinc alloy coated or other protective coating and the class of coating, e.g. class B zinc coating, defined by the minimum mass of coating and the adherence of the coating to the steel below 3.1.13 mass of coating the mass of coating (obtained by a prescribed method) per unit of surface area of the uncoated wire, expressed in g/m2 3.2
Strand types 3.2.1 strand an element of rope consisting of an assembly of wires of appropriate shape and dimensions laid helically in the same direction in one or more layers around a centre NOTE Strands containing three or four wires in the first layer, or certain shaped strands (e.g. ribbon) cannot have a centre.
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6
3.2.2 round strand a strand with a perpendicular cross-section which is approximately the shape of a circle, see Figure 1
a) Strand with one centre wire
b) Strand with (1-6) built-up centre Figure 1 — Round strand with different centres 3.2.3 triangular strand (V)
a strand with a perpendicular cross-section which is approximately the shape of a triangle, see Figure 2
Figure 2 — Triangular strand with triangular (V) centre wire NOTE Triangular strands can have built-up centres e.g. 3 × 2 + 3F, K1V-6, K3/9 etc. 3.2.4 oval strand (Q)
a strand having a perpendicular cross-section which is approximately the shape of an oval, see Figure 3
Figure 3 — Oval strand having oval shaped centre
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 7
3.2.5 flat ribbon strand (P) a strand without a centre wire with a perpendicular cross-section which is approximately the shape of a rectangle, see Figure 4
Figure 4 — Flat ribbon strand 3.2.6 single lay strand
strand which contains only one layer of wires, see Figure 5
Figure 5 — Single lay strand 3.2.7 parallel lay strand
strand which contains at least two layers of wires, all of which are laid in one operation (in the same direction) NOTE 1 Also known as equal lay. NOTE 2 The lay length of all the wire layers is equal and the wires of any two superimposed layers are parallel resulting in linear contact.
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
8 3.2.8 Seale
parallel lay strand construction with the same number of wires in both layers, see Figure 6
Figure 6 — Seale construction 3.2.9 Warrington parallel lay strand construction having an outer layer containing alternately large and small wires and twice the number of wires as the inner layer, see Figure 7
Figure 7 — Warrington construction 3.2.10 filler parallel lay strand construction having an outer layer containing twice the number of wires than the inner layer, with filler wires laid in the interstices between the layers, see Figure 8
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 9
Figure 8 — Filler construction
3.2.11 combined parallel lay parallel lay strand construction having three or more layers laid in one operation and formed from a combination of the strand types 3.2.8 to 3.2.10, see Figure 9.
Figure 9 — Combined parallel lay, example: Warrington - Seale
3.2.12 multiple operation lay strand
construction containing at least two layers of wires in which successive layers are laid in more than one operation 3.2.13 cross-lay (M)
strand which contains more than one layer of wires, all laid in the same direction. The wires of superimposed wire layers cross one another and make point contact 3.2.14 compound lay (N)
strand which contains a minimum of three layers of wires, the outer layer of which is laid in a separate operation, but in the same direction as the others, over a parallel lay construction forming the inner layers
3.2.15 compacted strand (K) a strand which has been subjected to a compacting process such as drawing, rolling or swaging whereby the metallic cross-sectional area of the wires remains unaltered whereas the shape of the wires and the dimensions of the strand are modified, see Figure 10
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10
a) Strand before compacting b) Strand after compacting Figure 10 — Compacted round strand
3.3
Core types 3.3.1 core (C) central element of a round rope around which are laid helically the strands of a stranded rope or the unit ropes of a cable laid rope 3.3.2 fibre core (FC) core made from either natural fibres (NFC) or synthetic fibres (SFC)
NOTE Fibre cores are normally produced in the sequence fibres to yarns, yarns to strands and strands to rope. 3.3.3 steel core (WC)
core made from steel wires arranged as a wire strand (WSC) or as an independent wire rope (IWRC) NOTE The steel core and/or its outer strands can also be covered with either fibre or solid polymer. 3.3.4 solid polymer core (SPC)
core consisting of a solid polymer material having a round shape or a round shape with grooves. It may also contain an internal element of wire(s) or fibre 3.4 Lubricants and preservation agents 3.4.1 rope lubricant
a material applied during the manufacture of a strand, core or rope for the purpose of reducing internal friction and/or assisting in providing protection against corrosion 3.4.2 impregnating agent a material used in the manufacture of natural fibre cores, coverings and inserts for the purpose of inhibiting rotting and decay
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 11 3.4.3 preservation agent
a material, usually some form of blocking compound, applied during and/or after manufacture of the rope and/or to fibre inserts and coverings for the purpose of providing protection against corrosion 3.5
Insert (I)
fibre or solid polymers so positioned as to separate adjacent strands or wires in the same or overlying layers, or fill the interstices of the rope
3.6
Rope types 3.6.1
Stranded ropes 3.6.1.1 stranded rope
an assembly of several strands laid helically in one or more layers around a core (single-layer rope) or centre (rotation-resistant or parallel-closed rope). NOTE Stranded ropes consisting of three or four outer strands can, or cannot, have a core.
3.6.1.2 single-layer rope
stranded rope consisting of one layer of strands laid helically around a core, see Figure 11
Figure 11 — Examples of single-layer stranded ropes 3.6.1.3 rotation-resistant rope stranded rope designed to generate reduced levels of torque and rotation when loaded see Figure 12 NOTE Rotation-resistant ropes generally comprise an assembly of at least two layers of strands laid helically around a centre, the direction of lay of the outer strands being opposite to that of the underlying layer.
NOTE Ropes having three or four strands can also be designed to exhibit rotational-resistant properties. NOTE Rotation-resistant ropes have previously been referred to as multi-strand and non-rotating ropes.
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
12
Figure 12 —Examples of rotation-resistant ropes 3.6.1.4 parallel-closed rope:
stranded rope consisting of at least two layers of strands laid helically in one closing operation around a strand or fibre centre, see Figure 13
Figure 13 —Example of parallel-closed rope 3.6.1.5 compacted strand rope:
rope in which the strands, prior to closing of the rope, are subjected to a compacting process such as drawing, rolling or swaging 3.6.1.6 compacted (swaged) rope:
rope which is subjected to a compacting (usually swaging) process after closing the rope, thus reducing its diameter 3.6.1.7 cable-laid rope:
an assembly of several (usually six) round stranded ropes (referred to as unit ropes) closed helically around a core (usually a seventh rope), see Figure 14
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 13
Figure 14 — Example of a cable-laid rope
3.6.1.8 braided rope an assembly of several round strands braided in pairs, see Figure 15
Figure 15 — Example of braided rope 3.6.1.9 electro-mechanical rope
a stranded or spiral rope containing electrical conductors, see Figure 16
Figure 16 — Example of stranded rope with conductors
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
14 3.6.1.10 flat rope
an assembly of unit ropes known as reddies, each comprising four strands. Usually 6,8 or 10 reddies, alternating left and right direction of lay, are laid side by side and held in position by stitching wires, strands or rivets, see Figure 17
Key 1 Single stitched 2 Double stitched 3 Rivetted Figure 17 — Example of flat rope with different stitching
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 15 3.6.2 Spiral ropes 3.6.2.1 spiral rope an assembly of at least two layers of wires laid helically over a central round wire, built-up strand or parallel-lay strand.
At least one layer of wires is laid in the opposite direction i.e. contra-lay, to that of the other layer(s) to optimise rotational characteristics,
3.6.2.2 spiral strand rope
spiral rope comprising only round wires, see Figure 18
Figure 18 — Example of spiral strand rope 3.6.2.3 half-locked coil rope
spiral rope having an outer layer of alternate half-lock (H-shaped) and round wires, see Figure 19
Figure 19 — Example of half-locked coil rope
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
16 3.6.2.4 full-locked coil rope
spiral rope having an outer layer of full-lock (Z-shaped) wires, see Figure 20
Figure 20 — Example of full-locked coil rope
3.6.3
Ropes with coverings and/or fillings 3.6.3.1 solid polymer covered rope
rope which is covered (coated) with a solid polymer 3.6.3.2 solid polymer filled rope
rope in which the free internal spaces are filled with a solid polymer. The polymer extends to, or slightly beyond, the outer circumference of the rope, see Figure 21
Figure 21 — Solid polymer filled rope 3.6.3.3 solid polymer covered and filled rope
rope which is covered (coated) and filled with a solid polymer 3.6.3.4 cushioned core rope
rope in which the core is covered (coated), or filled and covered (coated), with a solid polymer, see Figure 22
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 17
Figure 22 — Cushioned core rope 3.6.3.5 cushioned rope
rope in which the inner layers, inner strands or core strands are covered with solid polymers or fibres to form a cushion between adjacent strands or overlying layers 3.7 Dimensions
3.7.1 dimension of round wire
the diameter (δ) of the perpendicular cross-section of the wire 3.7.2 dimension of outer round wire
the diameter (δa) of the perpendicular cross-section of the outer wire 3.7.3 dimension of shaped wire
the height of the full-lock wire or the height and width of the half-lock wire, see Figure 23
Figure 23 — Half-lock and full-lock wire sections
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
18 3.7.4 dimension of round strand
the diameter (ds) of the perpendicular cross-section of the strand, see Figure 24
Figure 24 — Dimension of round strand 3.7.5 dimensions of shaped strand the dimension of the height (ds1) and its corresponding perpendicular width (ds2), see Figure 25
a) Triangular strand
b) Oval strand
c) Ribbon strand Figure 25 — Dimension of shaped strand
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 19 3.7.6 dimension of round rope
that diameter which circumscribes the rope cross-section, see Figure 26
Figure 26 — Dimension of round rope 3.7.7 dimensions of flat rope
the width (w) and thickness (s) dimensions of the complete cross-section, including stitching or clamps, see Figure 27
Figure 27 — Dimensions of flat rope 3.7.8 dimensions of covered round rope the diameter which circumscribes the overall rope cross-section including the cover followed by the diameter which circumscribes the underlying rope (d), e.g. 16/13 3.7.9 dimensions of covered flat rope
the width and thickness dimensions of the complete cross-section including the cover followed by the width (w) and thickness (s) dimensions of the underlying cross-section envelope, including stitches or rivets, e.g. 68 × 24/56 × 12
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
20 3.7.10 strand lay length (h)
that distance (h) parallel to the longitudinal strand axis in which an outer wire makes one complete turn (or helix) about the axis of the strand, see Figure 28 h Figure 28 — Lay length - strand 3.7.11 rope lay length (H)
that distance (H) parallel to the longitudinal rope axis in which the outer wires of a spiral rope, the outer strands of a stranded rope or the unit ropes of a cable-laid rope make one complete turn (or helix) about the axis of the rope, see Figure 29 H Figure 29 — Lay length – rope
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 21 3.7.12 measured rope length (Lm)
the length which corresponds to the actual length supplied using a prescribed method NOTE The measured length can also be specified at a pre-determined load. 3.7.13 nominal rope length (L)
the length on which the order is usually based 3.7.14 strand clearance (qs)
the distance corresponding to the clearance (gap) between two adjacent strands in the same strand layer 3.7.15 production length of stranded rope that length of finished rope produced from one loading of the closing machine 3.7.16 production length of spiral rope (spiral strand or locked coil) that length of finished rope produced from one machine loading of outer wires laid over one continuous length of inner rope 3.8 Lay directions and types 3.8.1 lay direction of strand (z or s)
the direction right (z) or left (s) corresponding to the direction of lay of the outer wires in relation to the longitudinal axis of the strand, see Figure 30
a) z (right lay)
b) s (left lay) Figure 30 — Lay direction of strands for stranded ropes 3.8.2 lay direction of rope (Z or S)
the direction right (Z) or left (S) corresponding to the direction of lay of the outer wires in a spiral rope, the outer strands in a stranded rope or the unit ropes in a cable-laid rope in relation to the longitudinal axis of the rope 3.8.3 ordinary lay (sZ or zS)
stranded rope in which the direction of lay of the wires in the outer strands is in the opposite direction to the lay of the outer strands in the rope, see Figure 31
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
22 12 Right (sZ)
Left (zS) NOTE The first letter denotes strand direction; the second letter denotes rope direction. Figure 31 — Ordinary lay 3.8.4 lang lay (zZ or sS)
stranded rope in which the lay direction of the wires in the outer strands is in the same lay direction as that of the outer strands in the rope, see Figure 32 12 Right (zZ)
Left (sS) NOTE The first letter denotes strand direction; the second letter denotes rope direction. Figure 32 — Lang lay
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 23
3.8.5 alternate lay (aZ or aS)
stranded rope in which the direction of lay of the outer strands is alternatively left and right such that half of the rope is ordinary lay and the other half is lang lay. The lay direction of the rope will be either right (aZ) or left (aS) 3.8.6 contra-lay
rope in which at least one layer of wires in a spiral rope or one layer of strands in a stranded rope is laid in the opposite direction to the other layers
3.9 Values 3.9.1 nominal value
conventional value by which the property is designated
NOTE The symbol does not have a suffix.
3.9.2 minimum value
specified value, associated with a property, below which the measured value is not allowed to fall NOTE The symbol has an inferior suffix “min”. 3.9.3 calculated value
value obtained by calculation based on given or measured values and on conventional factors
NOTE The symbol has an inferior suffix “c”. 3.9.4 manufacturer’s design value
any value (e.g. wire size, lay length, calculated minimum breaking force, spinning loss) which is specified in a rope design
3.9.5 reduced value value of area or breaking force taking into account the reduction corresponding to the area or strength otherwise contributed by the non-load bearing wires
NOTE The symbol has an inferior suffix “red”. 3.9.6 measured value value derived by direct measurement in the prescribed manner
NOTE The symbol has an inferior suffix “m”.
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3.10 Factors, areas, masses and breaking forces 3.10.1 fill factor (f)
the ratio between the sum of the nominal metallic cross-sectional areas of all the wires in the rope (A) and the circumscribed area (Au) of the rope based on its nominal diameter (d) NOTE This can be expressed as: uAAf= 3.10.2 nominal metallic cross-sectional area factor (C)
factor derived from fill factor and used in the calculation to determine the nominal metallic cross-sectional area of a rope NOTE This can be expressed as:4π.fC= 3.10.3 nominal metallic cross-sectional area (A)
the product of the nominal metallic cross-sectional area factor (C) and the square of the nominal rope diameter NOTE This can be expressed as:
2.dC = A 3.10.4 calculated metallic cross-sectional area (Ac)
the design value obtained from the sum of the metallic cross-sectional areas of the wires in the rope based on their nominal diameters 214δπ∑=ncA 3.10.5 measured metallic cross-sectional area (Am)
the sum of the metallic cross-sectional areas of all the wires in the rope based on their measured diameters ∑=n412mmAδπ 3.10.6 rope length mass factor (W) that factor which takes into account the mass of core and lubricant as well as the metallic elements 3.10.7 nominal rope length mass (M) that value derived from the product of the length mass factor and the square of the nominal diameter M = W.d2
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 25 3.10.8 measured rope length mass (Mm) the mass of 1 m of rope as determined by weighing 3.10.9 minimum breaking force factor (K)
an empirical factor used in the determination of minimum breaking force of a rope and obtained from the product of fill factor (f) for the rope class or construction, spinning loss factor (k) for the rope class or construction and the constant π/4 4kfK.π= NOTE K factors for the more common rope classes and constructions are given in the appropriate parts of this standard. 3.10.10 minimum breaking force (Fmin)
specified value in kN, below which the measured breaking force (Fm) is not allowed to fall in a prescribed breaking force test and normally obtained by calculation from the product of the square of the nominal diameter (d), the rope grade (Rr) and the breaking force factor (K) 1000.2minKRdFr= 3.10.11 rope grade (Rr) a level of requirement of breaking force which is designated by a number (e.g. 1770, 1960) NOTE It does not imply that the actual tensile strength grades of the wires in the rope are necessarily of this grade. 3.10.12 calculated minimum breaking force (Fc.min)
value of minimum breaking force based on the nominal wire sizes, wire tensile strength grades and spinning loss factor for the rope class or construction as given in the manufacturer’s rope design 3.10.13 measured breaking force (Fm)
breaking force obtained using a prescribed method 3.10.14 minimum aggregate breaking force (Fe.min) specified value, in kN, below which the measured aggregate breaking force is not allowed to fall in a prescribed test and normally obtained by calculation from the product of the square of the rope diameter (d), the metallic cross-sectional area factor (C) and the rope grade (Rr) 1000.2min.reRCdF= 3.10.15 calculated minimum aggregate breaking force (Fe.c.min)
value of minimum aggregate breaking force obtained by calculation from the sum of the products of cross-sectional area (based on nominal wire diameter) and tensile strength grade of each wire in the rope, as given in the manufacturer’s rope design 3.10.16 reduced minimum aggregate breaking force (Fe.red.min)
specified value below which the measured reduced aggregate breaking force is not allowed to fall and is obtained by calculation from the sum of the products of cross-sectional area (based on nominal wire diameter) and tensile strength grade of each agreed load bearing wire in the rope
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 (E)
26 3.10.17 measured aggregate breaking force (Fe.m)
the sum of the measured breaking forces of all the individual wires taken from the rope 3.10.18 measured reduced aggregate breaking force (Fe.red.m)
the sum of the measured breaking forces of the agreed load bearing wires taken from the rope 3.10.19 calculated measured breaking force (Fm.c)
the product of the sum of the measured breaking forces of individual wires after they have been taken out of the rope and the partial spinning loss factor obtained from the results of type testing 3.10.20 calculated measured aggregate breaking force (Fe.m.c)
the value obtained by dividing the measured breaking force (Fm) of the rope by the partial spinning loss factor obtained from the results of type testing 3.10.21 measured total spinning loss
the difference between the measured aggregate breaking force, before ropemaking, and the measured breaking force of the rope 3.10.22 measured partial spinning loss
the dif
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