SIST ISO 18927:2014
Imaging materials - Recordable compact disc systems - Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
Imaging materials - Recordable compact disc systems - Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
ISO 18927:2013 specifies a test method for estimating the life expectancy of information stored on recordable compact disc systems. Only the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the media are considered.
Matériaux pour image - Systèmes de CD enregistrables - Méthode d'estimation de l'espérance de vie basée sur les effets de la température et de l'humidité relative
Upodobitveni materiali - Snemalni kompaktni diski - Metode za določanje pričakovane življenjske dobe na podlagi učinkov zaradi temperature in relativne vlage
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
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SIST ISO 18927:2011
8SRGRELWYHQLPDWHULDOL6QHPDOQLNRPSDNWQLGLVNL0HWRGH]DGRORþDQMH
SULþDNRYDQHåLYOMHQMVNHGREHQDSRGODJLXþLQNRY]DUDGLWHPSHUDWXUHLQUHODWLYQH
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Imaging materials - Recordable compact disc systems - Method for estimating the life
expectancy based on the effects of temperature and relative humidity
Matériaux pour image - Systèmes de CD enregistrables - Méthode d'estimation de
l'espérance de vie basée sur les effets de la température et de l'humidité relative
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18927:2013
ICS:
35.220.30 2SWLþQHVKUDQMHYDOQH Optical storage devices
QDSUDYH
37.040.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
fotografijo photography
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18920
Second edition
2011-10-01
Imaging materials — Reflection prints —
Storage practices
Matériaux pour l’image — Tirages par réflexion — Directives pour
l’archivage
Reference number
ISO 18920:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO 18920:2011(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 18920:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Enclosures and containers . 3
5 Storage housings . 3
6 Storage rooms . 4
6.1 Medium-term storage rooms . 4
6.2 Extended-term storage rooms . 4
7 Environmental conditions . 4
7.1 Temperature and humidity specifications for storage . 4
7.2 Environmental conditioning requirements . 7
7.3 Air purity . 8
7.4 Light, use, and display . 8
8 Fire-protective storage . 9
9 Print identification, handling and inspection . 9
9.1 Identification . 9
9.2 Handling . 9
9.3 Inspection . 9
Annex A (informative) Humidity during storage . 11
Annex B (informative) Temperature during storage .12
Annex C (informative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship .13
Annex D (informative) Distinction between originals and copies made for active use .14
Annex E (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities .16
Annex F (informative) Fire protection .17
Annex G (informative) Silver and colour image degradation.18
Annex H (informative) Cold storage practices .19
Annex I (informative) Print stability .20
Bibliography .22
ISO 18920:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18920:2000), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 18920:2011(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of
imaging materials.
Photographic and other reflection prints, including hard-copy output from digital imaging systems, have
become increasingly important as documentary and pictorial reference material and art for consumers, as well
as in archives, libraries, government, commerce, museums and academia. This has focused attention on the
importance of preserving such materials to ensure their longest possible life.
The stability and useful life of reflection prints (hereafter referred to as prints) depend on their physical and
chemical properties, as well as on the conditions under which they are stored and used. This International
Standard provides recommendations on proper storage conditions and practices.
The important elements affecting the useful life of prints during storage are as follows:
a) relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment;
b) hazards of fire, water and light exposure;
c) fungal growth and other micro-organisms;
d) contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form;
e) physical damage;
f) proper processing;
g) enclosures and containers in contact with the print material.
The extent to which the relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment, or variations of both,
can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the
duration of exposure, biological conditions conducive to fungal growth and the accessibility of the atmosphere
to the print surfaces.
The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging
materials since it has been interpreted to have many meanings, ranging from preserving documents “forever”,
which is unattainable, to temporary storage of actively used materials.
This International Standard defines two levels of recommended storage conditions: medium term and extended
term. Medium-term storage conditions can be used to preserve information for a minimum of 10 years. Extended-
term storage conditions can be used when it is desired to preserve information for as long as possible; these
conditions will prolong the life of all prints, even those not optimized for permanence.
The space requirements and costs for establishing and operating the two levels of storage conditions (medium
term and extended term) differ significantly. Furthermore, the ability to maintain specified limits of temperature
and relative humidity for both sets of storage conditions can be limited due to budgetary constraints, energy
considerations, climatic conditions, building construction, etc. However, any deviation from the specified
conditions will reduce the effectiveness of the storage environment. If such deviation is unavoidable, it is
advisable to select the lowest possible storage temperature that can be maintained. In any event, the best
preservation of prints will be attained with extended-term storage conditions.
This International Standard does not address the various strategies to upgrade substandard environments.
However, institutions with substandard environments and restricted budgets can plan for the improvement
of these environments as resources allow by judicious use of air conditioning, dehumidifiers (or humidifiers),
air circulation and filtration. Although practicalities might force compromises, any improvement in poor
conditions will add to the longevity of materials, even if they do not attain the life expectancies possible with
the environments recommended in this International Standard. The subject of basic air conditioning principles,
the various options and associated costs are outside the scope of this International Standard. There are many
references on this subject.
ISO 18920:2011(E)
The storage of traditional paper collections is not within the scope of this International Standard. However,
many archives containing mixed recording media also include such collections. Archivists are encouraged to
review the appropriate standards for those materials specified in ISO 11799 and in the International Standards
listed in Clause 2.
The recommendations of this International Standard for the storage of prints encompass the following:
— storage enclosures, housing and rooms;
— atmospheric and environmental conditions;
— fire protection;
— handling and inspection procedures.
With the exception of fire and associated hazards that are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protective
measures, this International Standard does not pertain to means or methods for protecting photographic
reflection prints against natural or man-made catastrophes.
It is understood that the archivist of a multiple media collection might be forced to limit the number of storage
environments that can be provided. This compromise might be based on the value, physical size, quantity or
legal requirements to maximize life expectancy of some collections relative to others. The issues of mixed
media archives and recommendations for their storage are addressed in ISO 18934.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920:2011(E)
Imaging materials — Reflection prints — Storage practices
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities and procedures for the handling
and inspection of reflection prints of all types and sizes.
This International Standard is applicable to prints on the following opaque supports:
a) fibre-base paper;
b) RC (resin coated) paper;
c) pigmented and other types of plastic supports, e.g. polyester, cellulose acetate;
d) fabric, e.g. canvas, linen.
This International Standard is applicable to the following processed black-and-white silver gelatine prints:
1) wet-processed, including those that have been chemically treated to improve the permanence of the
silver image and/or to modify its colour, e.g. with gold, selenium or sulphur formulations;
1)
2) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints ;
3) stabilization-processed (which contain the silver image as well as invisible, chemica
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18927
Third edition
2013-03-01
Imaging materials — Recordable
compact disc systems — Method for
estimating the life expectancy based
on the effects of temperature and
relative humidity
Matériaux pour image — Systèmes de CD enregistrables —
Méthode d’estimation de l’espérance de vie basée sur les effets de la
température et de l’humidité relative
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Purpose and assumptions . 4
4.1 Purpose . 4
4.2 Assumptions . 4
5 Measurements . 4
5.1 Summary . 4
5.2 Block error rate (BLER). 4
5.3 Test equipment . 5
5.4 Test specimen . 5
6 Accelerated stress test plan . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Stress conditions . 7
6.3 Accelerated test cell sample population . 9
6.4 Time intervals .10
6.5 Test plan .10
6.6 Measurement conditions . .10
7 Data evaluation .10
7.1 Lognormal distribution model .10
7.2 Eyring acceleration model .11
7.3 Acceleration factors .12
7.4 Survivor analysis .12
7.5 Aids .12
8 Disclaimer .12
Annex A (informative) Step analysis outline .13
Annex B (informative) Example of test plan and data analysis .14
Bibliography .26
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18927 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 18927:2008), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
The following change has been made to the second edition:
— An update of the bibliographical references.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18927:2013(E)
Imaging materials — Recordable compact disc systems —
Method for estimating the life expectancy based on the
effects of temperature and relative humidity
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a test method for estimating the life expectancy of information
stored on recordable compact disc systems. Only the effects of temperature and relative humidity on
the media are considered.
This International Standard does not cover the effects of light, air pollution, or time-dependent flow
phenomena.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO/IEC 10149 , Information technology — Data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks (CD-ROM)
IEC 60908, Audio recording — Compact disc digital audio system
Experimental statistics, U.S. National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91, 1963
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
baseline
condition representing the disc at time of manufacture
Note 1 to entry: This is customarily the initial parameter measurement taken prior to any application of stress.
The designation is usually t = 0 for a stress time equal to zero hours.
3.2
block error rate
BLER
ratio of erroneous blocks to total blocks measured at the input of the first (C1) decoder (before any error
correction is applied)
Note 1 to entry: The more commonly reported value for BLER is the number of erroneous blocks per second
measured at the input of the C1-decoder during playback at the standard (1X) data rate.
[IEC 60908]
3.2.1
maximum block error rate
max BLER
maximum BLER measured anywhere on a disc
1) Equivalent to ECMA 130.
3.3
compact disc-recordable
CD-R
recordable optical disc in which information can be recorded to certain areas in compact disc format
Note 1 to entry: Information can be recorded once and read many times.
Note 2 to entry: The term “compact disc-write once” (CD-WO) has also been used to describe this type of disc.
3.4
cumulative distribution function
Ft()
probability that a random unit drawn from the population fails by time t, or the fraction of all units in
the population which fails by time t
3.4.1
lognormal cumulative distribution function
Ft()
cumulative distribution function in which the logarithm of the relevant parameter, in this International
Standard the disc lifetime, has a normal distribution and is defined by the following equation:
ln()x −μ
t
1 l
− ()
1 1
2 σ
l
Ft()= edx
∫
σ x
2π
l
where
t is the time;
x is a variable representing disc lifetime;
σ is the log standard deviation;
l
μ is the log mean;
l
ln(x) is the natural logarithm of x
μ
Note 1 to entry: When t =e , the lognormal cumulative distribution function evaluates to 0,5. In other words,
the model predicts that half the samples have failed at that time.
3.5
disc-at-once recording
method of recording a CD-R disc whereby the entire CD is recorded in one pass without turning off the laser
3.6
end-of-life
occurrence of any loss of information
3.7
extended-term storage conditions
storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having permanent value
3.8
glass transition
reversible change in an amorphous polymer from, or to, a viscous or rubber condition to, or from, a hard
and relatively brittle one
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
3.8.1
glass transition temperature
T
g
approximate mid-point of the temperature range over which glass transition takes place
Note 1 to entry: T can be determined readily only by observing the temperature at which a significant change
g
takes place in a specific electrical, mechanical, or other physical property.
Note 2 to entry: T can also be sensitive to the moisture content of the polymer.
g
3.9
information
signal or image recorded using the system
3.10
life expectancy
LE
length of time that information is predicted to be acceptable in a system after dark storage at 23 °C and
50 % relative humidity (RH)
3.10.1
standardized life expectancy
SLE
minimum life span, predicted with 95 % confidence, of 95 % of the product stored at a temperature not
exceeding 25 °C and a relative humidity (RH) not exceeding 50 % RH
3.11
retrievability
ability to access information as recorded
3.12
stress
experimental variable to which the specimen is exposed for the duration of the test interval
Note 1 to entry: In this International Standard, the stress variables are confined to temperature and relative humidity.
3.13
survivor function
Rt()
probability that a random unit drawn from the population survives at least time t, or the fraction of all
units in the population which survive at least time t
Note 1 to entry: Rt()=−1 Ft().
3.14
system
combination of material, hardware, software, and documentation necessary for recording and/or
retrieving information
3.15
test cell
device that controls the stress to which the specimen is exposed
3.16
track-at-once recording
method of recording a CD-R disc whereby each track is recorded individually with 150 empty sectors
immediately preceding it and two run-out sectors immediately following
3.17
uncorrectable error
error in the playback data that is not correctable by the cross interleave Reed-Solomon code defined in
IEC 60908 as implemented in a system
4 Purpose and assumptions
4.1 Purpose
The purpose of this International Standard is to establish a methodology for estimating the life
expectancy of information stored on recordable compact disc systems
...
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