SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
Requirements for the connection of generators above 16 A per phase - Part 1: Connection to the LV distribution system
Requirements for the connection of generators above 16 A per phase - Part 1: Connection to the LV distribution system
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide technical guidance on the requirements for
generating plants which can be operated in parallel with a distribution network.
For practical reasons, this Technical Specification refers to the distribution system operator in case
settings have to be defined and/or provided, even when these settings are to be defined and/or
provided by another actor according to national and European legal framework.
NOTE 1 This includes European network codes and their national implementation, as well as further national
regulations.
NOTE 2 Further national requirements especially for the connection to the distribution network and the
operation of the generating plant can apply.
The requirements of this Technical Specification apply to all generating plants, electrical machinery
and electronic equipment, irrespective of the kind of primary energy source and irrespective of the
presence of loads in the producer’s network that meet all of the following conditions:
– converting any primary energy source into AC electricity;
– connected to a LV distribution network and rated at more than 16 A per phase;
– intended to operate in parallel with this distribution network under normal network operating
conditions.
NOTE 3 Generating plants rated up to and including 16 A per phase are covered by EN 50438.
NOTE 4 Generating plants connected to a MV distribution network fall into the scope of CLC/TS 50549-2.
Unless stated differently by the DSO generating plants connected to a medium voltage distribution
network with a maximum apparent power up to 100 kVA can comply with this Technical Specification
as alternative to the requirements of CLC/TS 50549-2. A different threshold may be defined by the
DSO.
This Technical Specification defines connection requirements.
This Technical Specification recognizes the existence of National Standards, Network Codes, and
specific technical requirements of the DSOs. These should be complied with.
Excluded from the scope are:
– the selection and evaluation of the point of connection;
– power system impact assessment;
– connection assessment;
– island operation of generating plants, both intentional and unintentional, where no part of the
distribution network is involved;
– active front ends of drives feeding energy back into the distribution network for short duration;
– requirements for the safety of personnel as they are already adequately covered by existing
European Standards.
Anforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz vorgesehene Erzeugungsanlagen – Teil 1: Anschluss an das Niederspannungsverteilnetz über 16 A je Phase
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt die technischen Anforderungen für den Anschluss von Erzeugungsan-lagen fest, die parallel mit einem öffentlichen Verteilungsnetz betrieben werden können. Diese Technischen Spezifikation soll als Referenz in einer Anschlussgenehmigung herangezogen werden, die zwischen einem VNB und einem Erzeuger getroffen wird. Die Anforderungen dieser Technischen Spezifikation beschränken sich auf den elektrischen Teil der Anlage, unabhängig von der verwendeten Primärenergiequelle. Diese Technischen Spezifikation gilt für alle dreiphasigen Erzeugungseinheiten, welche die folgenden Bedin-gungen – entweder als Einzelanlage oder als Gruppe von mehreren Anlagen mit einem gemeinsamen An-schlusspunkt – erfüllen: • Umwandlung einer beliebigen Primärenergie in Wechselstrom; • Bemessungsströme größer 16 A je Phase und Anschluss an ein Niederspannungsnetz; • Anlagen, die unter normalen Netzbetriebsbedingungen ständig parallel mit einem öffentlichen Ver-teilungs¬netz betrieben werden sollen; ANMERKUNG Erzeugungsanlagen bis 16 A je Phase werden durch die EN 50438 abgedeckt. Diese Technischen Spezifikation legt die Anschlussbedingungen und ein Verfahren für die Konformitäts¬prü-fung fest. Der Inselnetzbetrieb von Erzeugungsanlagen – beabsichtigt oder unbeabsichtigt – bei dem kein Teil des öffentlichen Verteilungsnetzes betroffen ist, liegt nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieser Technischen Spezifika-tion. Die Personensicherheit liegt nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieser Technischen Spezifikation. Diese Norm anerkennt die Existenz von nationalen Normen und Grid Codes: diese müssen eingehalten wer-den. Nur wenn keine nationalen Normen und Grid Codes vorhanden sind, sollen die Anforderungen dieser Technischen Spezifikation zur Anwendung kommen.
Prescriptions pour le raccordement de générateurs de plus de 16A par phase - Partie 1: Connexion au réseau de distribution BT
L'objet de la présente Spécification Technique est de fournir des instructions techniques pour le raccordement des centrales de production pouvant fonctionner en parallèle avec un réseau de distribution public. La présente Spécification Technique est destinée à être utilisée comme référence technique dans les contrats de raccordement entre les GRD et les producteurs d'électricité. Les exigences contenues dans la présente Spécification Technique s'appliquent uniquement aux machines et au matériel, quelle que soit la source d'énergie primaire. La présente Spécification Technique s'applique à toutes les unités de production triphasées qui satisfont à toutes les conditions qui suivent en tant qu'unité de production individuelle ou en tant que groupe d'unités de production ayant un point de raccordement commun: • convertissant toute source d'énergie primaire en électricité en courant alternatif; • est raccordé(e) au réseau BT et assigné(e) à plus de 16 A par phase; • est destiné(e) à fonctionner en parallèle avec un réseau de distribution public dans des conditions de fonctionnement normales. NOTE Les générateurs assignés à 16 A inclus par phase sont couverts par la norme EN 50438. La présente Spécification Technique définit les exigences applicables aux interconnexions ainsi qu'une procédure d'essai de conformité. Le fonctionnement en îlotage de centrales de production, qu'il soit intentionnel ou non, dans lequel aucune partie du système de distribution public n'est impliquée, est en dehors du domaine d'application de la présente Spécification Technique. La sécurité du personnel est en dehors du domaine d'application de la présente Spécification Technique. La présente Spécification Technique reconnaît l'existence de normes et de codes nationaux applicables aux réseaux: ceux-ci doivent être respectés. Il convient que les exigences de la présente Spécification Technique s'appliquent uniquement en l'absence de ces normes et codes nationaux.
Zahteve za priklop generatorjev za toke nad 16 A na fazo – 1. del: Priklop na nizkonapetostni distribucijski sistem
Namen te tehnične specifikacije je zagotoviti tehnična navodila o zahtevah za generatorje, ki jih je mogoče upravljati hkrati z razdelilnim omrežjem.
Zaradi praktičnih razlogov se ta tehnična specifikacija nanaša na upravljavca razdelilnega omrežja,
kadar je treba nastavitve opredeliti in/ali zagotoviti, tudi kadar mora te nastavitve opredeliti in/ali zagotoviti drug udeleženec v skladu z nacionalnim in evropskim pravnim okvirom.
OPOMBA 1: To zajema evropske omrežne kodekse in njihovo nacionalno izvajanje ter tudi dodatne nacionalne predpise.
OPOMBA 2: Uporabiti je mogoče dodatne nacionalne zahteve, zlasti za povezavo z razdelilnim omrežjem in delovanjem generatorja.
Zahteve iz tega tehničnega standarda se uporabljajo za vse generatorje, električne stroje in elektronsko opremo, ne glede na vrsto vira primarne energije in ne glede na prisotnost obremenitev v omrežju proizvajalca, ki izpolnjujejo naslednje pogoje:
– pretvarjanje katerega koli vira primarne energije v izmenični tok;
– povezava z nizkonapetnostnim razdelilnim omrežjem z nazivno vrednostjo več kot 16 A na fazo;
– namenjeni so za uporabo skupaj s tem razdelilnim omrežjem v običajnih pogojih delovanja
omrežja.
OPOMBA 3: Generatorji z nazivno vrednostjo do vključno 16 A na fazo so zajeti v standardu EN 50438.
OPOMBA 4: Generatorji, povezani s srednjenapetostnim omrežjem, so zajeti v področju uporabe standarda CLC/TS 50549-2.
Razen če upravljavec razdelilnega omrežja navede drugače, je mogoče, da so generatorji, povezani v srednjenapetostno razdelilno
omrežje z največjo navidezno močjo do 100 kVA, skladni s to tehnično specifikacijo kot alternativo zahtevam iz CLC/TS 50549-2. Upravljavec razdelilnega omrežja lahko opredeli drugačen prag.
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa zahteve za priključitev.
V tej tehnični specifikaciji se upošteva obstoj nacionalnih standardov, omrežnih kodeksov in
posebnih tehničnih zahtev upravljavcev razdelilnih omrežij. Te zahteve naj bi se upoštevale.
Ta standard ne zajema:
– izbire in ocene točke povezave;
– ocene učinka napajalnega sistema;
– ocene povezave;
– ločenega delovanja generatorjev, namernega in nenamernega, kadar ni vključen noben del
razdelilnega omrežja;
– aktivnih sprednjih delov pogonov, ki energijo za kratek čas usmerjajo nazaj v razdelilno omrežje;
– zahtev za varnost osebja, ker so že ustrezno zajete v veljavnih evropskih standardih.
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
01-april-2015
Zahteve za priklop generatorjev za toke nad 16 A na fazo – 1. del: Priklop na
nizkonapetostni distribucijski sistem
Requirements for the connection of generators above 16 A per phase - Part 1:
Connection to the LV distribution system
Prescriptions pour le raccordement de générateurs de plus de 16A par phase - Partie 1:
Connexion au réseau de distribution BTTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
ICS:
29.160.20 Generatorji Generators
29.240.01 2PUHåMD]DSUHQRVLQ Power transmission and
GLVWULEXFLMRHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH distribution networks in
QDVSORãQR general
SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
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SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 50549-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
January 2015
ICS 29.160.20
English Version
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel
with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV
distribution network above 16 A
Prescriptions relatives au raccordement de générateurs de Anforderungen für den Anschluss von
plus de 16A par phase - Partie 1: Connexion au réseau de Stromerzeugungsanlagen über 16 A je Phase - Teil 1:
distribution BT Anschluss an das MittelspannungsverteilungsnetzThis Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2014-09-15.
CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the TS available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. CLC/TS 50549-1:2015 E---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
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Contents Page
Foreword...................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................5
4 Requirements on generating plants ............................................................................................... 13
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 13
4.2 Connection scheme ............................................................................................................. 14
4.3 Choice of switchgear ............................................................................................................ 14
4.4 Normal operating range ....................................................................................................... 15
4.5 Immunity to disturbances ..................................................................................................... 17
4.6 Active response to frequency deviation ............................................................................... 19
4.7 Power response to voltage variations and voltage changes ............................................... 20
4.8 EMC and power quality ........................................................................................................ 25
4.9 Interface protection .............................................................................................................. 25
4.10 Connection and starting to generate electrical power .......................................................... 30
4.11 Active power reduction on set point ..................................................................................... 31
4.12 Requirements regarding single fault tolerance of interface protection system and
interface switch .................................................................................................................... 31
5 Conformance test procedure .......................................................................................................... 31
Annex A (informative) Interconnection requirements .......................................................................... 32
A.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 32
A.2 Network integration ........................................................................................................................ 32
A.3 Clusters of single-phase generating units ...................................................................................... 33
Annex B (informative) Loss of Mains and overall power system security ............................................ 34
Annex C (informative) Examples of protection strategies .................................................................... 35
C.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 35
C.2 Example strategy 1 ......................................................................................................................... 36
C.3 Example strategy 2 ......................................................................................................................... 40
Annex D (normative) Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 42
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 43
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Foreword
This document (CLC/TS 50549-1:2015) has been prepared by CLC/TC 8X "System aspects of
electrical energy supply".Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.This Technical Specification relates to both future European Network Codes and current technical
market needs. Its purpose is to give detailed description of functions to be implemented in products.
This Technical Specification is also intended to serve as a technical reference for the definition of
national requirements where European Network Codes requirements allow flexible implementation.
The stated requirements are solely technical requirements; economic issues regarding, e.g. the
bearing of cost are not in the scope of this document.CLC/TC 8X plans future standardization work in order to ensure the compatibility of this Technical
Specification with the evolution of the legal framework.---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
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1 Scope
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide technical guidance on the requirements for
generating plants which can be operated in parallel with a distribution network.For practical reasons, this Technical Specification refers to the distribution system operator in case
settings have to be defined and/or provided, even when these settings are to be defined and/or
provided by another actor according to national and European legal framework.NOTE 1 This includes European network codes and their national implementation, as well as further national
regulations.NOTE 2 Further national requirements especially for the connection to the distribution network and the
operation of the generating plant can apply.The requirements of this Technical Specification apply to all generating plants, electrical machinery
and electronic equipment, irrespective of the kind of primary energy source and irrespective of the
presence of loads in the producer’s network that meet all of the following conditions:
– converting any primary energy source into AC electricity;– connected to a LV distribution network and rated at more than 16 A per phase;
– intended to operate in parallel with this distribution network under normal network operating
conditions.NOTE 3 Generating plants rated up to and including 16 A per phase are covered by EN 50438.
NOTE 4 Generating plants connected to a MV distribution network fall into the scope of CLC/TS 50549-2.
Unless stated differently by the DSO generating plants connected to a medium voltage distribution
network with a maximum apparent power up to 100 kVA can comply with this Technical Specification
as alternative to the requirements of CLC/TS 50549-2. A different threshold may be defined by the
DSO.This Technical Specification defines connection requirements.
This Technical Specification recognizes the existence of National Standards, Network Codes, and
specific technical requirements of the DSOs. These should be complied with.Excluded from the scope are:
– the selection and evaluation of the point of connection;
– power system impact assessment;
– connection assessment;
– island operation of generating plants, both intentional and unintentional, where no part of the
distribution network is involved;– active front ends of drives feeding energy back into the distribution network for short duration;
– requirements for the safety of personnel as they are already adequately covered by existing
European Standards.2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 60255-127, Measuring relays and protection equipment Part 127: Functional requirements for
over/under voltage protection (IEC 60255-127)EN 61000-4-30, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-30: Testing and measurement
techniques Power quality measurement methods (IEC 61000-4-30)---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
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Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
HD 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations
general characteristics, definitions (IEC 60364-1)
HD 60364-5-551, Low-voltage electrical installations Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment Other equipment Clause 551: Low-voltage generating sets (IEC 60364-5-551)
IEC 60050, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050 and the following
apply.3.1
active factor
for a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under sinusoidal conditions, ratio of the active
power to the apparent powerNote 1 to entry: In a three phase system, this is referring to the positive sequence component of the
fundamental.Note 2 to entry: The active factor is equal to the cosine of the displacement angle.
[SOURCE: IEV 131-11-48, modified]3.2
basic insulation
insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides basic protection
Note 1 to entry: This concept does not apply to insulation used exclusively for functional purposes.
[SOURCE: IEV 195-06-06]3.3
basic protection
protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions
[SOURCE: IEV 195-06-01]
3.4
cogeneration
combined heat and power (CHP)
combined generation of electricity and heat by an energy conversion system and the concurrent use of
the electric and thermal energy from the conversion system3.5
converter connected generating technology
technology where a generating unit is connected to a distribution grid through a converter including
doubly fed induction machine based technology (DFIG)3.6
design active power
maximum AC active power output at an active factor of 0,9 or the active factor specified by the DSO
for a certain generating plant or generating technology3.7
directly coupled generating technology
technology where a generating unit is connected to a distribution grid without any converter
3.8disconnection
separation of the active parts of the main circuit of the generating plant or unit from the network with
mechanical contacts providing at least the equivalent of basic insulation---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
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Note 1 to entry: Passive components like filters, auxiliary power supply to the generating unit and sense lines
can remain connected.Note 2 to entry: For the design of basic insulation all voltage sources should be considered.
3.9displacement angle
under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal
element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit
Note 1 to entry: In a three phase system, this is referring to the positive sequence component of the
fundamental.Note 2 to entry: The cosine of the displacement angle is the active factor.
3.10
distribution network
electrical network, including closed distribution networks, for the distribution of electrical power from
and to third parties connected to it, to and from a transmission or another distribution network, for
which a DSO is responsible3.11
distribution system operator
DSO
natural or legal person responsible for the distribution of electrical power to the public and for
operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the distribution network in a
given areaNote 1 to entry: In some countries, the distribution network operator (DNO) fulfils the role of the DSO.
3.12downstream
direction in which the active power would flow if no generating units, connected to the distribution
network, were running3.13
droop
ratio of the per-unit change in frequency (Δf)/f (where f is the nominal frequency) to the per-unit
n nchange in power (ΔP)/ P (where P is the reference power at the instance when the frequency
ref refreaches a frequency threshold):
s= - (Δf/f ) / (ΔP/P )
n ref
[SOURCE: EV 603-04-08]
3.14
fundamental components of a three-phase system
3.14.1
phasor
representation of a sinusoidal integral quantity by a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the
initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square valueNote 1 to entry: For a quantity a(t) = A √2 cos(ωt +Ө ) the phasor is A exp jӨ .
0 0Note 2 to entry: The similar representation with the modulus equal to the amplitude is called "amplitude phasor".
Note 3 to entry: A phasor can also be represented graphically.[SOURCE: IEV 131-11-26, modified]
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3.14.2
positive sequence component of the fundamental
for a three-phase system with phases L1, L2 and L3, the symmetrical sinusoidal three-phase set of
voltages or currents having frequency equal to the fundamental frequency and which is defined by the
following complex mathematical expression:X = (X + aX + a X )
1 L1 L2 L3
j2π/3
where a = e is the 120 degree operator, and X , X and X are the complex expressions of the
L1 L2 L3fundamental frequency phase quantities concerned, that is, current or voltage phasors
Note 1 to entry: In a balanced harmonic-free system, only positive sequence component of the fundamental
π πjθ j(θ+4 /3) j(θ+2 /3)
exists. For example, if phase voltage phasors are symmetrical U = Ue , U = Ue and U = Ue then
L1 L2 L3π π π π
jθ j2 /3 j(θ+4 /3) j4 /3 j(θ+2 /3) jθ jθ jθ jθ
U = (Ue + e Ue + e Ue )/3 = (Ue + Ue + Ue )/3 = Ue .
[SOURCE: IEV 448-11-27]
3.14.3
negative sequence component of the fundamental
for a three-phase system with phases L1, L2 and L3, the symmetrical sinusoidal three-phase set of
voltages or currents having frequency equal to the fundamental frequency and which is defined by the
following complex mathematical expression:X = (X + a X + aX )
2 L1 L2 L3
j2π/3
where a = e is the 120° operator, and X , X and X are the complex expressions of the
L1 L2 L3fundamental frequency phase quantities concerned, that is, current or voltage phasors
Note 1 to entry: Negative sequence voltage or current components may be significant only when the voltages or
currents, respectively, are unbalanced. For example, if phase voltage phasors are symmetrical U = Ue , U =
L1 L2π π π π π
j(θ+4 /3) j(θ+2 /3) jθ j4 /3 j(θ+4 /3) j2 /3
Ue and U = Ue then the negative sequence component U = (Ue + e Ue + e
L3 2
π π π
j(θ+2 /3) jθ j2 /3 j4 /3
Ue )/3 = Ue (1 + e + e )/3 = 0.
[SOURCE: IEV 448-11-28]
3.14.4
zero sequence component of the fundamental
for a three-phase system with phases L1, L2 and L3, the in-phase sinusoidal voltage or current
component having the fundamental frequency and equal amplitude in each of the phases and which is
defined by the following complex mathematical expression:X = (X +X +X )
0 L1 L2 L3
where X , X and X are the complex expressions of the fundamental frequency phase quantities
L1 L2 L3concerned, that is, current or voltage phasors
[SOURCE: IEV 448-11-29]
3.15
generating plant
sum of generating units connected at one point of connection, including auxiliaries and all connection
equipmentNote 1 to entry: This definition is intended to be used for verification of compliance to the technical requirements
of this standard. It may be different to the legal definition of a plant.---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
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3.16
generating plant controller
intelligence which ensures the fulfillment of performance requirements at the point of connection
(POC) towards a generating plant, usually by utilizing external measurement signals from the POC to
generate reference to a sub structure e.g. the generating units3.17
generating unit
smallest set of installations which can generate electrical energy running independently and which can
feed this energy into a distribution networkNote 1 to entry: For example, a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) or an organic rankine cycle (ORC) after a
combustion engine is considered as a single generating unit.Note 2 to entry: If a generating unit is a combination of technologies leading to different requirements, this has to
be settled case by case.Note 3 to entry: A storage device operating in electricity generation mode and AC connected to the distribution
network is considered to be a generating unit.3.18
interface protection relay
combination of different protection relay functions which opens the interface switch of a generating unit
and prevents its closure, whichever is appropriate in case of:• a fault on the distribution network (with reference to POC voltage level);
• an islanding situation;
• the presence of voltage and frequency values outside the corresponding regulation values
3.19interface protection system
a protection system that acts on the interface switch
3.20 Interface protection system timing
3.20.1
energizing quantity
energizing quantity by which the protection function is activated when it is applied under specified
conditionsNote 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.
[SOURCE: IEV 442-05-58, modified]
3.20.2
start time
duration of the time interval between the instant when the energizing quantity of the measuring relay in
reset condition is changed, under specified conditions, and the instant when the start signal asserts
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.[SOURCE: (EN 60255-151, modified]
3.20.3
time delay setting
intentional delay that might be adjustable by the user
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.
3.20.4
operate time
duration of the time interval between the instant when the energizing quantity of a measuring relay in
reset condition is changed, under specified conditions, and the instant when the relay operates
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
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Note 2 to entry: Operate time is start time plus time delay setting.
[SOURCE: IEV 447-05-05, modified]
3.20.5
disconnection time
sum of operate time of the protection system and the opening time of the interface switch
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1 where the CB opening time indicates the opening time.
3.20.6reset time
duration of the time interval between the instant when the energizing quantity of a measuring relay in
operate condition is changed, under specified conditions, and the instant when the relay resets
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.[SOURCE: IEV 447-05-06 modified]
3.20.7
disengaging time
duration of the time interval between the instant a specified change is made in the value of the input
energizing quantity which will cause the relay to disengage and instant it disengages
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 1.[SOURCE: IEV 447-05-10]
Figure 1 Main times defining the interface protection performance
3.21
islanding
situation where a section of the distribution network, containing generation, becomes physically
disconnected from the rest of distribution network and one or more generating units maintain a supply
of electrical energy to the isolated section of the distribution network---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
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3.22
low voltage (LV) distribution network
electric distribution network with a voltage whose nominal r.m.s. value is U ≤ 1 kV
3.23maximum active power
max
maximum AC active power output that the generating unit or the sum of all the generating units in a
generating plant is designed to achieve under normal operating conditionsNote 1 to entry: This maximum power is defined by a measurement with 10 min averaging.
3.24maximum apparent power
max
maximum AC apparent power output that the generating unit or the sum of all the generating units in a
generating plant is designed to achieve under normal operating conditionsNote 1 to entry: This maximum power is defined by a measurement with 10 min averaging.
3.25momentary active power
the actual AC active power output at a certain instant
3.26
nominal frequency
frequency used to designate and identify equipment or a power system
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard, the nominal frequency f is 50 Hz.
[SOURCE: IEV 151-16-09, modified]3.27
nominal voltage
voltage by which a supply network is designated or identified and to which certain operating
characteristics are referred3.28
observation time
time during which all the voltage and the frequency values are observed to be within a specified range
prior to a generating plant connection to the distribution network or start to generate electric power
3.29operation in parallel with the distribution network
situation where the generating plant is connected to a distribution network and operating
3.30point of connection
POC
reference point on the electric power system where the user’s electrical facility is connected
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard, the electric power system is the distribution network.
[SOURCE: IEV 617-04-01]---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
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3.31
power factor
under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S:
|𝑃|𝜆 =
Note 1 to entry: Under sinusoidal conditions, the power factor is the absolute value of the active factor.
[SOURCE: IEV 131-11-46]3.32
power system stability
the capability of a power system to regain a steady state, characterized by the synchronous operation
of the generating plants after a disturbance[SOURCE: IEV 603-03-01]
3.33
primary energy source
non-electric energy source supplying an electric generating unit
Note 1 to entry: Examples of primary energy sources include natural gas, wind and solar energy. These sources
can be utilized, e.g. by gas turbines, wind turbines and photovoltaic cells.3.34
producer
party who already has or is planning to connect an electricity generating plant to a distribution network
3.35producer’s network
electrical installations downstream from the point of connection owned/operated by the producer for
internal distribution of electricity3.36
protection relay
measuring relay which detects faults or other abnormal conditions in a power system or of a power
equipmentNote 1 to entry: A protection relay is a component part of a protection system.
Note 2 to entry: An interface protection relay is a protection relay acting on the interface switch.
[SOURCE: IEV 447-01-14]3.37
protection system
an arrangement of one or more protection equipments, and other devices intended to perform one or
more specified protection functionsNote 1 to entry: A protection system includes one or more protection equipments, instrument transformer(s),
wiring, tripping circuit(s), auxiliary supply(s) and, where provided, communication system(s). Depending upon the
principle(s) of the protection system, it may include one end or all ends of the protected section and, possibly,
automatic reclosing equipment.Note 2 to entry: The circuit-breaker(s) are excluded.
[SOURCE: IEV 448-11-03]
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3.38
rated current
maximum continuous AC output current which a generating unit or generating plant is designed to
achieve under normal operating conditions[SOURCE: 415-04-03, modified]
3.39
reference voltage
value specified as the base on which residual voltage, thresholds and other values are expressed in
per unit or percentage termsNote 1 to entry: For the purpose of this standard, the reference voltage is the nominal voltage or the declared
voltage of the distribution network.[SOURCE: EN 50160, 3.18, modified]
3.40
single fault tolerance
built-in capability of a system to provide continued correct execution of its function in the presence of a
single fault[SOURCE: IEV 394-33-13, modified]
3.41
switch
device for changing the electric connections among its terminals
[SOURCE: IEV 151-12-22]
Figure 2 Electricity generating plant connected to a distribution network
(schematic view of switches)
3.41.1
main switch
switch installed as close as possible to the point of connection, for protection against internal faults
and disconnection of the whole plant from the distribution networkNote 1 to entry: See also Figure 2.
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3.41.2
interface switch
switch (circuit breaker, switch or contactor) installed in the producer’s network, for separating the
part(s) of the producer’s network containing at least one generation unit from the distribution network
Note 1 to entry: See also Figure 2.Note 2 to entry: In some situations, the interface switch may be used to enable island operation of part of the
producer’s network, if technically feasible.3.41.3
generating unit switch
switch installed electrically close to the terminals of each generating unit of the generating plant, for
protection and disconnection of that generating unitNote 1 to entry: See also Figure 2.
3.42
temporary operation in parallel with the distribution network
conditions in which the generating plant is connected to a distribution network, during defined short
periods, to maintain the continuity of the supply voltage and to facilitate testing
3.43transmission system operator
TSO
natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary,
developing the transmission system in a given area and, where applicable, its interconnections with
other power systems, and for ensuring the long-term ability of the power system to meet reasonable
demands for the transmission of electricity3.44
voltage control system
automatic control system of a generating unit or generating plant which counteracts network voltage
changes, for instance but not only, by adjusting reactive power output accordingly
3.45...
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