SIST EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2:2006
(Main)Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Multipoint Radio Antennas
Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Multipoint Radio Antennas
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of the R&TTE Directive [1] regarding article 3.2, which states that "….. radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference". The present document is applicable to the essential requirements of antennas (including equipment with integral antennas) used in fixed multipoint radio systems. The present document together with EN 302 326-2 [7], is intended to replace and supersede, after a suitable transition period, the harmonized EN 301 753 (see bibliography). for all multipoint equipment and antennas under its scope. The present document and EN 302 326-2 [7] introduce rationalization among systems conforming to previous EN 301 753 (see bibliography) referencing a number of ENs which, being developed at different times, may have specified slightly different antenna parameters. Nevertheless, care has been taken so that such variations will not affect any frequency planning assumption for already deployed networks. Therefore, unless specifically mentioned, these new requirements, whenever different from those single ENs, are considered completely "equivalent". Therefore mixed use of antennas conforming to the present document and to those previous ones will not change, in practice, any frequency planning rule in any network. Therefore, from a strictly technical point of view, in most cases it is expected that equipment already conforming to the previous versions of Harmonized EN 301 753 (see bibliography), would not need re-assessment of essential requirements according to the present document. The legal implications of the declaration of conformity and equipment labelling are, however, outside the scope of this whole multi-part deliverable. Cases, where additional conformance assessment is required, will be specifically mentioned in EN 302 326-2 [7] and in the present document. A formal change in the requirements, introduced by the present document, is that the antenna manufacturer shall declare the nominal gain and tolerance of the antenna against which the conformity assessment is done. In addition to the present document, other ENs specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1] and which will apply to antennas within the scope of the present document.
Fiksni radijski sistemi – Večtočkovna oprema in antene – 3. del: Harmonizirani EN, ki zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive R&TTE za večtočkovne radijske antene
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2006
)LNVQLUDGLMVNLVLVWHPL±9HþWRþNRYQDRSUHPDLQDQWHQH±GHO +DUPRQL]LUDQL(1
NL]DMHPDELVWYHQH]DKWHYHþOHQDGLUHNWLYH5 77(]DYHþWRþNRYQHUDGLMVNH
DQWHQH
Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas; Part 3: Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Multipoint
Radio Antennas
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 326-3 Version 1.1.2
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
33.120.40 Antene Aerials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Fixed Radio Systems;
Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 3: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
for Multipoint Radio Antennas
2 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
Reference
REN/TM-04169-3
Keywords
access, antenna, DFRS, DRRS, FWA, multipoint,
radio, system
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
0 Introduction.6
0.1 General.6
0.2 Applicability to the R&TTE directive.6
1 Scope.9
1.1 General.9
1.2 Frequency ranges.10
1.3 Profiles.10
1.3.1 General.10
1.3.2 Equipment profiles.10
1.3.3 Antenna profiles.10
1.3.4 System profiles.11
2 References.12
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .12
3.1 Definitions.12
3.2 Symbols.16
3.3 Abbreviations.16
4 Technical requirements specifications.17
4.1 Classification of antennas.17
4.2 Phenomena description.17
4.2.1 General.17
4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE).18
4.2.3 Antenna Gain.19
4.3 Environmental specifications and test .19
4.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) requirements .19
4.4.1 Directional antennas (DN): co-polar and cross-polar RPEs.19
4.4.1.1 Classes defined in the present document.19
4.4.1.2 Directional antennas conforming to EN 302 217-4-1 and EN 302 217-4-2.23
4.4.2 Sectored single beam antennas (SS) .23
4.4.2.1 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar .23
4.4.2.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation .25
4.4.2.2.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .25
4.4.2.2.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .26
4.4.3 Sectored multi-beam antennas (MS).26
4.4.3.1 General.26
4.4.3.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth: co-polar and cross-polar .27
4.4.3.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation: co-polar and cross-polar.29
4.4.4 Omnidirectional antennas (OD).29
4.4.4.1 General.29
4.4.4.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), azimuth .29
4.4.4.3 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE), elevation .29
4.4.4.3.1 Symmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .29
4.4.4.3.2 Asymmetric elevation RPEs: co-polar and cross-polar .30
4.5 Antenna gain requirements.31
4.5.1 General.31
4.5.2 Directional antennas.31
4.5.3 Sectored single beam antennas .32
4.5.4 Sectored multi-beam antennas .32
4.5.5 Omnidirectional antennas.32
5 Testing for conformance with technical requirements .33
5.1 Void.33
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and test.33
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4 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
5.3 Environmental conditions for Testing .33
5.4 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) .33
5.5 Antenna gain.33
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT).34
Annex B (informative): Antenna profiles.36
B.1 General.36
B.2 Directional antennas.36
B.3 Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas.37
Annex C (informative): The EN title in the official languages .38
Annex D (informative): Bibliography.39
History .40
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5 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical
Committee Transmission and Multiplexing (TM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive" [1]).
Technical specifications relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [1] are given in annex A.
This multi-part deliverable covers characteristics and requirements for fixed multipoint radio equipment and antennas,
using a variety of access and duplex methods and operating at a variety of bit rates in frequency bands as specified in
the present document.
The present document is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and
Antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Digital
Multipoint Radio Equipment";
Part 3: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for
Multipoint Radio Antennas".
EN 302 326-2 [6] and the present document are Harmonized ENs and essential requirements are those requirements
which are essential under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [1].
In the above, "equipment" includes equipment with integral antennas, and "antennas" include requirements for antennas
whether they are integral or non-integral.
The present document with EN 302 326-2 [6] will replace and supersede the harmonized EN 301 753 (see bibliography)
for all Multipoint equipment and antennas under its scope.
The date of cessation of presumption of conformity to R&TTE Directive [1] with reference to EN 301 753
(see bibliography, latest version published) is proposed to be two years after the date of publication in the OJ EC of the
present document.
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6 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
National transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2007
0 Introduction
0.1 General
For the general background, rationale and structure of the present document see also the clause "Introduction" in
EN 302 326-1 [5].
0.2 Applicability to the R&TTE directive
The present document is part of a set of standards designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and
telecommunications terminal equipment under the R&TTE Directive [1]. Each standard is a module in the structure.
The modular structure is shown in figure 1.
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7 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
Disability*
3.3f
Emergency*
3.3e
Fraud*
3.3d
3.3c
Privacy*
No harm to the network*
3.3b
* If needed
Scoped by
Interworking via the network*
equipment
3.3a class or type
Interworking with the network
Use of spectrum
3.2
New radio harmonized standards
Spectrum
Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type
Radio Product EMC
EN 301 489 multi-part EMC standard
3.1b
EMC
Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive
- If needed, new standards for human exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields,
- if needed, new standards for acoustic safety
3.1a
Standards also notified under LV Directive
Safety
Non-radio Radio (RE)
TTE Non-TTE
Figure 1: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive [1]
The left hand edge of figure 1 shows the different clauses of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1].
For article 3.3 various horizontal boxes are shown. Dotted lines indicate that at the time of publication of the present
document essential requirements in these areas have to be adopted by the Commission. If such essential requirements
are adopted, and as far and as long as they are applicable, they will justify individual standards whose scope is likely to
be specified by function or interface type.
The vertical boxes show the standards under article 3.2 for the use of the radio spectrum by radio equipment. The
scopes of these standards are specified either by frequency (normally in the case where frequency bands are
harmonized) or by radio equipment type.
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8 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
For article 3.1b the diagram shows EN 301 489 (see bibliography), the multi-part product EMC standard for radio used
under the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (see bibliography).
NOTE: For Fixed Radio Systems, EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-4 (see bibliography) are relevant.
For article 3.1a the diagram shows the existing safety standards currently used under the LV Directive 73/23/EEC
(see bibliography) and new standards covering human exposure to electromagnetic fields. New standards covering
acoustic safety may also be required.
The bottom of the figure shows the relationship of the standards to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal
equipment. A particular equipment may be radio equipment, telecommunications terminal equipment or both. A radio
spectrum standard will apply if it is radio equipment. An article 3.3 standard will apply as well only if the relevant
essential requirement under the R&TTE Directive [1] is adopted by the Commission and if the equipment in question is
covered by the scope of the corresponding standard. Thus, depending on the nature of the equipment, the essential
requirements under the R&TTE Directive [1] may be covered in a set of standards.
The modularity principle has been taken because:
• it minimizes the number of standards needed. Because equipment may, in fact, have multiple interfaces and
functions it is not practicable to produce a single standard for each possible combination of functions that may
occur in an equipment;
• it provides scope for standards to be added:
- under article 3.2 when new frequency bands are agreed; or
- under article 3.3 should the Commission take the necessary decisions
without requiring alteration of standards that are already published;
• it clarifies, simplifies and promotes the usage of Harmonized Standards as the relevant means of conformity
assessment.
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9 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
1 Scope
1.1 General
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of the R&TTE Directive [1] regarding article 3.2, which states
that "…. radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio
communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
The present document is applicable to the essential requirements of antennas (including equipment with integral
antennas) used in fixed multipoint radio systems intended for use in the frequency bands identified in EN 302 326-1 [5].
The present document together with EN 302 326-2 [6], is intended to replace and supersede, after a suitable transition
period, the harmonized EN 301 753 (see bibliography). for all multipoint equipment and antennas under its scope.
The present document and EN 302 326-2 [6] introduce rationalization among systems conforming to previous
EN 301 753 (see bibliography) referencing a number of ENs which, being developed at different times, may have
specified slightly different antenna parameters. Nevertheless, care has been taken so that such variations will not affect
any frequency planning assumption for already deployed networks. Therefore, unless specifically mentioned, these new
requirements, whenever different from those single ENs, are considered completely "equivalent". Therefore mixed use
of antennas conforming to the present document and to those previous ones will not change, in practice, any frequency
planning rule in any network.
Therefore, from a strictly technical point of view, in most cases it is expected that equipment already conforming to the
previous versions of Harmonized EN 301 753 (see bibliography), would not need re-assessment of essential
requirements according to the present document. The legal implications of the declaration of conformity and equipment
labelling are, however, outside the scope of this whole multi-part deliverable. Cases, where additional conformance
assessment is required, will be specifically mentioned in EN 302 326-2 [6] and in the present document.
A formal change in the requirements, introduced by the present document, is that the antenna manufacturer shall declare
the nominal gain and tolerance of the antenna against which the conformity assessment is done.
In addition to the present document, other ENs specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under
other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1] and which will apply to antennas within the scope of the present
document.
NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site: http://www.newapproach.org.
In order to (technically) cover different market and network requirements, with an appropriate balance of performance
to cost and effective and appropriate use of the radio spectrum, the present document, together with EN 302 326-2 [6],
offers a number of system types and antennas alternatives, for selection by administrations, operators and manufacturers
dependent on the desired use of the radio spectrum and network/market requirements; those options include:
• channel separation alternatives (as provided by the relevant CEPT Recommendation);
• spectral efficiency class alternatives (different modulation formats provided in radio equipment standards);
• antenna sectorization alternatives and directivity classes for CS;
• antenna directivity class alternatives for TS and/or RS;
• antenna basic polarization (linear or circular).
For Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS), antennas are considered "relevant components" of "radio equipment"
according the definition in article 2(c) of the R&TTE Directive [1].
More information and background on the R&TTE Directive [1] possible applicability and requirements for stand alone
DFRS antennas is found in EG 201 399 (see bibliography) and in TR 101 506 (see bibliography).
Technical specifications relevant to the R&TTE Directive [1] are summarized in annex A. For Fixed Systems, antennas
are considered "relevant components" of "radio equipment" according the definition in article 2(c) of the R&TTE
Directive [1].
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10 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
1.2 Frequency ranges
The present document is applicable to antennas (whether integral or non-integral) used in multipoint radio systems
operating in bands allocated to Fixed Service and assigned by national regulations to MP applications within the
following frequency ranges:
• 1 GHz to 3 GHz;
• 3 GHz to 5,9 GHz;
• 5,9 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
• 8,5 GHz to 11 GHz;
• 24,25 GHz to 30 GHz;
• 30 GHz to 40,5 GHz.
NOTE 1: Attention is drawn to the fact that the specific operating bands are subject of CEPT or national licensing
rules. Currently applicable Fixed Service bands and channel plans are described in EN 302 326-1 [5],
although the applicability of these Fixed Service bands is at the discretion of the national administrations.
Therefore, this EN applies only to those bands which are allocated to the Fixed Service and/or assigned
by national regulations to MP applications on the date on which the EN was published.
NOTE 2: Antenna characteristics are not specified at frequencies below 1 GHz and therefore the present document
and Harmonized EN 302 326-2 [6] can not be used for Declaration of conformity, according article 3.2 of
the R&TTE Directive [1] for non integral antennas or for equipment with integral antennas below this
limit. In this case, additional test suites for relevant antenna directional phenomena shall be produced in
accordance with a Notified Body.
NOTE 3: MWS antenna systems in the band 40,5 GHz to 43,5 GHz are not within the scope of the present
document. For these systems see EN 301 997-2 (see bibliography).
1.3 Profiles
1.3.1 General
This whole multi-part deliverable allows many distinct types of equipment, several different antenna types and several
ways in which they might be interconnected to form a network. However, the applicability is limited to certain
combinations of attributes and these combinations of attributes are called "profiles". The following clauses address:
• Equipment profiles.
• Antenna profiles.
• System profiles.
1.3.2 Equipment profiles
This whole multi-part deliverable allows alternative consistent sets of recommendations and requirements, each for
identified equipment profiles, which are defined in terms of their Equipment Classification (EqC), which classify
equipments in terms of key characteristics. The profiles (or indeed any specific equipment) within the scope of this
whole multi-part deliverable may be classified as discussed in normative annex A of EN 302 326-1 [5]. Clause 6.1 of
EN 302 326-1 [5] defines the permitted equipment profiles in terms of the various fields of EqC.
1.3.3 Antenna profiles
According to their characteristics, multipoint systems use different types of antennas. Table 1 outlines the multipoint
antenna types described in the present document.
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11 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
Table 1: Antenna Types
Frequency Range Types Polarization Notes
1 GHz to 3 GHz Directional Linear The sectored and omnidirectional antennas
Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
Omnidirectional pattern in the elevation plane.
3 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Linear The sectored single and omnidirectional
Sectored single beam antennas may have a symmetric or
Sectored multi beam asymmetric radiation pattern in the elevation
(up to 5,9 GHz only) plane. The sectored multi beam antennas
Omnidirectional have a symmetric radiation pattern only.
1 GHz to 11 GHz Directional Circular The sectored and omnidirectional antennas
Sectored single beam may have a symmetric or asymmetric radiation
Omnidirectional pattern in the elevation plane.
24,25 GHz to 30 GHz Directional Linear
Sectored single beam
30 GHz to 40,5 GHz Directional Linear The omnidirectional antennas may have a
Sectored single beam symmetric or asymmetric radiation pattern in
Omnidirectional the elevation plane.
The present document is applicable to multipoint radio system antennas of both linear (single or dual) polarization and
circular (single or dual) polarization. Linear polarization antennas may support either or both of two mutually
perpendicular planes of polarization. These planes are frequently, though not always, horizontal and vertical. Circular
polarization antennas may support either right hand or left hand polarization or, for dual polarization, both.
The RPE directional characteristics and polarization characteristics (co-polar and cross-polar and for either linear or
circular polarized antennas) impact on the interference to be considered in network planning. A number of antenna
options are defined in the present document to allow a trade-off between highly demanding RPE directivity and the
cost/size/weight of the antennas. The antenna choice should take into account present and future networks requirements
and constraints.
Annex B discusses Antenna Profiles for multipoint systems.
1.3.4 System profiles
This multi-part deliverable applies only to Multipoint systems using the following antenna type to station type
combinations according to whether the network topology is P-MP or MP-MP (Mesh). Table 2 indicates which system
profiles are within the scope of this multi-part deliverable.
Table 2: System Profiles within the scope of this multi-part deliverable:
Antenna types - Station types combinations
Antenna types
Network Station types Omnidirectional Sectored Directional
topology
P-MP Central Station (CS) Yes Yes No
(See note) (See note)
Repeater Station (RS)
Facing CS No No Yes
Facing TS or further RS Yes Yes Yes
Terminal Station (TS) No No Yes
MP-MP Repeater Station (RS) No No Yes
NOTE: Sectored antennas with beamwidth < 15° shall conform to the specification otherwise applicable to a directional
antenna.
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12 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] ETSI EN 301 126-3-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint
antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[3] ETSI EN 302 217-4-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent requirements for antennas".
[4] ETSI EN 302 217-4-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2
of R&TTE Directive for antennas".
[5] ETSI EN 302 326-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 1: Overview and Requirements for Digital Multipoint Radio Systems".
[6] ETSI EN 302 326-2: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint Equipment and Antennas;
Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
for Digital Multipoint Radio Equipment".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
antenna: part of the transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation
azimuth plane: reference plane (see note) from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally horizontal (see also tilt). The azimuth plane is generally mechanically identified
by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for testing and deployment purposes.
Sectorial and omnidirectional antennas might have intrinsic down-tilt of few degrees. In such cases, it
would be more theoretically appropriate reference to a "conical" surface rather than a plane. However, tilt
is generally compensated for by the test set antenna mounting (i.e. by tilting up the antenna test set
mounting by an equivalent quantity) and the assessment is done by rotating the antenna rather then the
receiving instrument. The test is thus performed in such a way that the measurements may be considered
equivalent to those made in a true azimuth plane.
Central Station (CS): base station which communicates with Terminal Stations and in some cases Repeater Stations
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13 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
co-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the wanted plane
of polarization (for linear polarization) or wanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The wanted plane or direction of rotation may be defined when the parameter is being measured by the
plane or direction of rotation of the reference antenna.
co-polar pattern: diagram representing the co-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured antenna gain.
cross-polar: used to define parameters (such as gain or radiation pattern) applicable to radiated signals in the unwanted
plane of polarization (for linear polarization) or unwanted direction of rotation (for circular polarization)
NOTE: The unwanted plane of polarization of a linear polarized antenna is defined as the plane which lies at right
angles to the wanted plane. The unwanted direction of rotation of a circular polarized antenna is defined
as that which is opposite to the wanted direction.
cross-polar pattern: diagram representing the cross-polar radiation pattern of an antenna under test
NOTE: It is scaled in dBi or, as used in the present document, in dB relative to the measured co-polar antenna
gain.
electrical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a specific electrical design
of the antenna
elevation plane: reference plane, orthogonal to the azimuth plane, from which Radiation Pattern Envelopes are
referenced
NOTE: This plane is nominally vertical. For directional, single beam sectored and multi-beam sectored antennas,
the elevation plane is that which contains the zero degree reference direction (within each beam in
multi-beam). For omnidirectional antennas, the elevation plane is not constrained in azimuth direction and
is specific only to a given measurement.
gain: ratio of the radiation intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
accepted by the antenna was radiated isotropically
gain ripple: (for omnidirectional antennas) maximum gain variance in the azimuth plane around the actual gain of the
antenna under test
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14 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
0° RPE test Reference
Maximum gain
Minimum gain
Measured curve within declared
tolerance on nominal gain
−−−−180°
+180°
NOTE: Figure 2 shows the relationship between the X dB gain ripple, measured minimum and maximum gains in
the azimuth plane, and the declared nominal gain and tolerance of an omnidirectional antenna.
Figure 2: Gain ripple for an omnidirectional antenna
gain tolerance: tolerance on the nominal gain, as declared by the supplier according to the principles shown in
figures 2 and 3
isotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions
left hand (anticlockwise) polarized wave: elliptically - or circularly - polarized wave, in which the electric field
vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a left-hand or
anticlockwise direction
maximum gain: highest gain (in any direction) of the antenna under test
mechanical tilt: angular shift in elevation of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna by a change to the physical
mounting of the antenna
nominal gain: gain declared by the supplier to which gain assessment is to be referenced
• For directional antennas: it is referenced to the maximum gain.
• For sectorial antennas: the supplier shall make a declaration of the gain for the antenna, together with
maximum tolerance that shall include the minimum gain within the declared sector. The gain of the antenna, as
measured, shall not, therefore, exceed the declared gain at the declared upper tolerance limit, nor shall it be
lower than the nominal gain at the declared lower tolerance limit (see figure 3).
• For omnidirectional antennas: it refers to the mean value of the gain ripple as shown in figure 2.
ETSI
Nominal gain
Max Ripple X dB
½ ripple
½ ripple
15 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
0° RPE test reference
Maximum gain within the sector
0 dB reference
for RPE assessment
purpose)
αααα
αα
αα
Declared sector width (2αααα)
Figure 3: Gain ripple for a sectored antenna
radiation pattern: diagram describing the power flux density in a given plane and at a constant distance from the
antenna as a function of the angle from the zero degree reference direction
Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE): envelope within which the radiation pattern shall fit
radome: cover of dielectric material, intended to protect an antenna from the effects of its physical environment
reference beam direction (ε°): direction, defined as ε° in EN 302 326-3, defined by the manufacturer with reference to
the mechanical characteristics of the antenna which is used as reference for every beam RPE (applicable only to
multi-beam antennas)
Repeater Station (RS): radio station providing the connection via the air to the Central Station(s), the Terminal
Stations and other Repeater Stations
NOTE: The Repeater Station may also provide the interfaces to the subscriber equipment if applicable.
right hand (clockwise) polarized wave: circularly (or, more generally, elliptically) polarized wave, in which the
electric field vector, observed in any fixed plane, normal to the direction of propagation, rotates in time in a right-hand
or clockwise direction
sector angle: angle of coverage in azimuth of a sectored antenna, defined as 2α° in EN 302 326-3 shall be declared by
the manufacturer
NOTE: The sector angle may depend on the characteristics of the system to which the antenna will be connected
and this may therefore result in the need for a different definition of the sector angle. Therefore no
specific rule is given for such declaration although in general it is assumed that the sector angle may be
close to the half-power (3 dB) beam-width.
Terminal Station (TS): remote (out) station, which communicates with a Central Station or Repeater Station
tilt: fixed angular shift of the direction of maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane by either electrical or
mechanical means
Zero dB gain reference (azimuth and elevation):
• For directional (DN) antennas: the maximum gain of the antenna. It is equal to the gain in the direction of
the boresight (a term not used in EN 302 326-3).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the maximum gain of the antenna within the declared sector (as in
figure 3).
ETSI
Measured minimum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
Measured maximum gain
within declared tolerance
on Nominal gain
16 ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.1.2 (2006-03)
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): the maximum gain of the antenna within each beam (as in
figure 3). It should therefore be noted that the multiple beams may have different zero dB gain references.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): the maximum gain of the antenna in the elevation plane in which the
radiation pattern is being measured. It is not defined for azimuth plane.
NOTE: It should be noted that except for directional antennas, the zero dB gain reference does not necessarily
equal the gain in the direction of the zero degree reference.
Zero degree (0°°°°) reference direction: direction used as the reference direction for the RPEs
NOTE 1: It is generally mechanically identified by reference to the technical description for actual antennas for
testing and deployment purposes and must be declared by the manufacturer. It has different geometrical
relationship with the actual antenna type considered as follows:
• For directional (DN) antennas: the direction of maximum gain in both axes of the antenna. It is equivalent to
the boresight direction (term not used in EN 302 326-3).
• For sectored single beam antennas (SS): the direction which in azimuth is the centre of the declared sector
angle and in elevation is, in principle, the direction of maximum gain, which, ideally, coincides with the
azimuth plane (see note 2).
• For sectored multi-beam antennas (MS): in the azimuth plane, the zero degree reference direction is the
common reference direction for the RPEs of all beams and is declared by the manufacturer. In the elevation
plane, it is the direction of maximum gain of each beam (see note 2). It should therefore be noted that the
multiple beams may have different zero degree reference directions.
• For omnidirectional antennas (OD): the zero degree reference direction for an omnidirectional antenna is, in
principle, not defined in the azimuth plane (i.e. only a 0° reference for actual test report should be identified
according figure 2); In the elevation plane in which the radiation pattern is being measured, it is the direction
of maximum gain (see note 2).
NOTE 2: In practical tests, in particular for sector and omnidirectional antennas, the elevation RPE might have
slight variation within a relatively large elevation angle and might lead to uncertainty in finding the
maximum gain for the RPE assessment. In such cases the direction of the azimuth plane (including tilts, if
any) should be used as 0° reference in elevation even if actual slightly higher gain might be experienced
in a slight different direction. See also the note to "azimuth plane" definition.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
abs( ) Absolute value of the number
α Alpha (= half of the sector angle)
dB deciBel
dBi deciBels relative to an isotropic source
ε Epsilon (= beam reference direction)
f Nominal centre frequency of declared antenna operating range
GHz GigaHertz
θ Theta (= angle from zero degree reference direction)
...
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