SIST EN ISO 10326-1:2017
(Main)Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration - Part 1: Basic requirements (ISO 10326-1:2016, Corrected version 2017-02)
Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration - Part 1: Basic requirements (ISO 10326-1:2016, Corrected version 2017-02)
ISO 10326-1:2016 specifies basic requirements for the laboratory testing of vibration transmission through a vehicle seat to the occupant. These methods for measurement and analysis make it possible to compare test results from different laboratories for equivalent seats.
It specifies the test method, the instrumentation requirements, the measuring assessment method and the way to report the test result.
ISO 10326-1:2016 applies to specific laboratory seat tests which evaluate vibration transmission to the occupants of any type of seat used in vehicles and mobile off-road machinery.
Application standards for specific vehicles refer to this document when defining the test input vibration that is typical for the vibration characteristics of the type or class of vehicle or machinery in which the seat is to be fitted.
NOTE Examples of application standards are given in the bibliography.
Mechanische Schwingungen - Laborverfahren zur Bewertung der Schwingungen von Fahrzeugsitzen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen (ISO 10326-1:2016, korrigierte Fassung 2017-02)
Dieses Dokument legt grundlegende Anforderungen an ein Laborverfahren zur Prüfung der Schwingungsübertragung über einen Fahrzeugsitz auf den Insassen fest. Diese Verfahren zur Messung und Analyse ermöglichen es, die von verschiedenen Laboratorien ermittelten Prüfergebnisse gleichartiger Sitze miteinander zu vergleichen.
Es spezifiziert das Prüfverfahren, die Anforderungen an die Messgeräte, das Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Messergebnisse und die Art, wie die Prüfergebnisse zu dokumentieren sind.
Dieses Dokument ist bei der Erarbeitung spezifischer Laborprüfverfahren heranzuziehen, mit denen die Schwingungsübertragung auf die Insassen für jegliche Art von Sitzen in Fahrzeugen und beweglichen Arbeitsmaschinen ermittelt wird.
Maschinenspezifische Normen für einzelne Fahrzeugarten beziehen sich bei der Festlegung der charakteristischen Prüf Erregerschwingung der Fahrzeug- oder Maschinenart oder gruppe, für die der Sitz zur Verwendung vorgesehen ist, auf dieses Dokument.
ANMERKUNG Beispiele für maschinenspezifische Normen werden in den Literaturhinweisen angegeben.
Vibrations mécaniques - Méthode en laboratoire pour l'évaluation des vibrations du siège de véhicule - Partie 1: Exigences de base (ISO 10326-1:2016, Version corrigée 2017-02)
ISO 10326-1:2016 spécifie des exigences de base relatives aux essais en laboratoire sur la transmission des vibrations, par l'intermédiaire des sièges, aux occupants d'un véhicule. Ces méthodes de mesure et d'analyse permettent de comparer les résultats d'essai obtenus dans différents laboratoires et concernant des sièges équivalents.
Il spécifie la méthode d'essai, les exigences relatives aux instruments, la méthode d'évaluation du mesurage et le mode d'établissement des rapports d'essai.
ISO 10326-1:2016 s'applique à des essais spécifiques en laboratoire sur les sièges, pour évaluer les vibrations transmises aux occupants des véhicules et engins mobiles tout terrain, quel que soit le type de siège utilisé.
Il convient que les normes d'application relatives à des types de véhicules spécifiques se réfèrent au présent document pour définir l'excitation d'essai caractéristique du comportement vibratoire du type ou de la classe de véhicule ou d'engin dans lequel le siège doit être installé.
NOTE Des exemples de normes d'applications sont donnés dans la bibliographie.
Mehanske vibracije - Laboratorijska metoda za ovrednotenje vibracij sedežev vozil - 1. del: Osnovne zahteve (ISO 10326-1:2016, popravljena razlićica 2017-02)
Ta dokument določa osnovne zahteve za laboratorijske preskuse prenosa vibracij
prek sedeža vozila na uporabnika. Te metode za merjenje in analizo omogočajo primerjavo rezultatov preskusov enakovrednih sedežev iz različnih laboratorijev.
Standard določa preskusno metodo, merilne zahteve, metodo za ovrednotenje merjenja in način za sporočanje rezultata preskusa.
Ta dokument se uporablja za posebne laboratorijske preskuse sedežev za vrednotenje prenosa vibracij na
uporabnika katerekoli vrste sedeža, ki se uporablja v vozilih in mobilnih terenskih strojih.
Standardi uporabe za posebna vozila se sklicujejo na ta dokument pri določanju preskusne vhodne vibracije, ki je običajna za vibracijske značilnosti vrste ali razreda vozila oziroma stroja, v katerega se bo namestil sedež.
OPOMBA: primeri standardov uporabe so podani v bibliografiji.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 30326-1:2000
SIST EN 30326-1:2000/A1:2008
SIST EN 30326-1:2000/A2:2012
Mehanske vibracije - Laboratorijska metoda za ovrednotenje vibracij sedežev vozil
- 1. del: Osnovne zahteve (ISO 10326-1:2016)
Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration - Part 1:
Basic requirements (ISO 10326-1:2016)
Mechanische Schwingungen - Laborverfahren zur Bewertung der Schwingungen von
Fahrzeugsitzen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen (ISO 10326-1:2016)
Vibrations mécaniques - Méthode en laboratoire pour l'évaluation des vibrations du siège
de véhicule - Partie 1: Exigences de base (ISO 10326-1:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10326-1:2016
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
43.020 Cestna vozila na splošno Road vehicles in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 10326-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.160; 43.020; 53.100; 65.060.10 Supersedes EN 30326-1:1994
English Version
Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating
vehicle seat vibration - Part 1: Basic requirements (ISO
10326-1:2016)
Vibrations mécaniques - Méthode en laboratoire pour Mechanische Schwingungen - Laborverfahren zur
l'évaluation des vibrations du siège de véhicule - Partie Bewertung der Schwingungen von Fahrzeugsitzen -
1: Exigences de base (ISO 10326-1:2016) Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen (ISO 10326-
1:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 October 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10326-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [OJ L 157] aimed to be covered . 4
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10326-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108
“Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring” in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 30326-1:1994.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10326-1:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10326-1:2016 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [OJ L 157] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request [M/396
concerning the development of European Standards related to machinery] to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [OJ L 157].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC [OJ L 157]
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC of this EN
1.1.8 Seating and All normative clauses
1.5.9 Vibrations
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the products falling within the scope of this
standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10326-1
Second edition
2016-10-15
Mechanical vibration — Laboratory
method for evaluating vehicle seat
vibration —
Part 1:
Basic requirements
Vibrations mécaniques — Méthode en laboratoire pour l’évaluation
des vibrations du siège de véhicule —
Partie 1: Exigences de base
Reference number
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 2
5 Instrumentation . 2
5.1 Acceleration transducers . 2
5.2 Transducer mounting . 2
5.2.1 General. 2
5.2.2 Transducer mounting on the platform . 3
5.2.3 Transducer mounting on the seat pan and/or backrest . 3
5.3 Frequency weighting . 4
5.4 Calibration . 4
6 Vibration equipment . 4
6.1 Physical characteristics . 4
6.2 Control system. 5
7 Safety requirements . 5
8 Test conditions . 5
8.1 Test seat . 5
8.1.1 General. 5
8.1.2 Run-in periods for suspension seats . 5
8.1.3 Measurement of suspension travel and adjustment to weight of test person . 6
8.1.4 Inclination of backrest . 7
8.2 Test persons and posture . 7
8.3 Other possibilities . 8
9 Test input vibration . 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Simulated input vibration test . 9
9.3 Tolerances on input vibration .10
9.4 Transfer function with sinusoidal vibration input .10
9.5 Damping test .10
9.5.1 Suspension seats .10
9.5.2 Other seats .11
10 Test procedure .11
10.1 General .11
10.2 Simulated input vibration test .11
10.3 Damping test .12
11 Acceptance .12
12 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Test method for assessing the ability of a seat suspension to control
the effects of impacts caused by over-travel .14
Annex B (informative) Example of a simulated input test signal specified by the PSD.20
Bibliography .22
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition
monitoring, Subcommittee SC 4, Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10326-1:1992), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the amendments ISO 10326-1:1992/Amd 1:2007 and
ISO 10326-1:1992/Amd 2:2011.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10326 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Introduction
Drivers, staff and passengers of vehicles (land, air or water) and mobile machinery are exposed
to mechanical vibration which interferes with their comfort, working efficiency and, in some
circumstances, safety and health. Such vehicles and mobile machines are often fitted with seats that are
designed and made in accordance with current state-of-the-art with regard to their capacity to control
or reduce transmitted whole-body vibration.
To assist in the development of such seats, specific test codes have been, or are being, produced to
evaluate the performance of seats. The following basic requirements have therefore been developed
to give guidance for the specification of laboratory testing of vibration transmission through a vehicle
seat to the occupant and for the evaluation of the ability of a seat to control the shock arising from over-
travel of the suspension.
The seat constitutes the last stage of suspension before the driver. To be efficient at attenuating the
vibration, the suspension seat should be chosen according to the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle.
Any performance criteria provided should be set in accordance with what is attainable using best design
practice. Such criteria do not necessarily ensure the complete protection of the operator against risks
associated with exposure to vibration and shock which are generally believed to be risk of spinal injury.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Mechanical vibration — Laboratory method for evaluating
vehicle seat vibration —
Part 1:
Basic requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies basic requirements for the laboratory testing of vibration transmission
through a vehicle seat to the occupant. These methods for measurement and analysis make it possible
to compare test results from different laboratories for equivalent seats.
It specifies the test method, the instrumentation requirements, the measuring assessment method and
the way to report the test result.
This document applies to specific laboratory seat tests which evaluate vibration transmission to the
occupants of any type of seat used in vehicles and mobile off-road machinery.
Application standards for specific vehicles refer to this document when defining the test input vibration
that is typical for the vibration characteristics of the type or class of vehicle or machinery in which the
seat is to be fitted.
NOTE Examples of application standards are given in the bibliography.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2631-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration —
Part 1: General requirements
ISO 5347 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups
ISO 8041, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation
ISO 13090-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Guidance on safety aspects of tests and experiments with
people — Part 1: Exposure to whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock
ISO 16063 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
4 General
The measurement and assessment methods given in this document comply with the present practice
standardized in ISO 2631-1. The measuring equipment and the frequency weightings shall be in
accordance with ISO 8041.
The primary test for the vibration characteristics of the seat involves measurements under conditions
which simulate the range of actual uses of a vehicle or machine. For applications where occasional
severe shocks or transient vibration can be expected (and in particular for seats whose suspension
travel is short, such as those intended for use on industrial trucks or off-road vehicles), in addition to
the damping test, a secondary test is required to ensure that the seat responds acceptably. Machinery-
specific standards shall give guidance on the need for this secondary test which comprises a method
for assessing the accelerations associated with impact with the suspension end-stops when over-travel
occurs. The test is described in Annex A.
5 Instrumentation
5.1 Acceleration transducers
The measuring systems selected for the evaluation of vibration at the seat mounting base or platform
of the vibration simulator and that selected for the evaluation of vibration transmitted to the seat
occupant, or to an inert mass when used, shall have similar characteristics.
The characteristics of the vibration measuring system, accelerometers, signal conditioning and data
acquisition equipment, including recording devices, shall be specified in the relevant application
standard, especially the dynamic range, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and overload capacity.
5.2 Transducer mounting
5.2.1 General
One accelerometer for each required test direction shall be located on the platform (P) at the place
of the vibration transmission to the seat. The other accelerometer(s) shall be located at the interface
between the human body and the seat, at either the seat pan (S) and/or the backrest (B) (see Figure 1).
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Location of the accelerometers on the platform (P), on the seat pan (S) and on the
backrest (B)
5.2.2 Transducer mounting on the platform
The accelerometer(s) on the platform shall be located within a circle with a diameter of 200 mm
centred directly below the seat accelerometer(s). The measuring directions shall be aligned parallel to
the movement of the platform.
5.2.3 Transducer mounting on the seat pan and/or backrest
The accelerometers on the seat pan shall be attached in the centre of a mounting disc with a total
diameter of 250 mm ± 50 mm. The disc shall be as thin as possible (see Figure 2). The height shall
not be more than 12 mm. This semi-rigid mounting disc of approximately 80 durometer to 90
durometer units (A-scale) moulded rubber or plastics material shall have a centre cavity in which to
place the accelerometers. The accelerometers shall be attached to a thin metal disc with a thickness of
1,5 mm ± 0,2 mm and a diameter of 75 mm ± 5 mm.
The mounting disc shall be placed on the surface of the seat pan and taped to the cushion in such a way
that the accelerometers are located midway between the ischial tuberosities of the seat occupant with a
tolerance to be defined in the relevant application standards. Alternative positioning of the disc may be
recommended for certain applications. Any variation from the position here defined shall be specified
in application standards.
When tests are performed without a person sitting on the seat, e.g. during damping tests, the disc shall
be placed in the same position as if a person were seated in the seat.
If measurements are made on the backrest, the accelerometers shall be (horizontally) located in the
vertical longitudinal plane through the centre-line of the seat. The relevant application standards shall
specify the vertical position of the accelerometers. The measurement axes shall be aligned parallel to
the basicentric coordinate system.
Besides the semi-rigid mounting disc recommended for soft or highly contoured cushions, a rigid disc
with a generally flat surface or an individual-form design may be used. Such discs may be, for instance,
required for testing rail vehicle passenger seats. The transducer mounting should be made of low-mass
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
materials, so that the resonant frequency of the mounting is at least four times the highest frequency
specified for the test.
For practical reasons, it is usually not possible to align perfectly the accelerometers in the disc
with the axes of motion of the platform. In a tolerance range within 15° of the appropriate axes, the
accelerometers may be considered as aligned parallel to the axes of interest. For deviations greater
than 15°, acceleration should be measured along two axes and the acceleration vector sum along the
axis of interest should be calculated.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thin metal disc for accelerometer mount and added centre rigidity
2 appropriate cavity for accelerometer(s)
Figure 2 — Semi-rigid mounting disc
5.3 Frequency weighting
Frequency weighting shall be in accordance with ISO 8041.
5.4 Calibration
The instrumentation shall be calibrated in accordance with ISO 16063-1 and, depending on the type of
measuring system used, to the relevant part of ISO 5347 or ISO 16063.
It is recommended to check the whole measuring chain following the specifications given in ISO 8041.
Calibration shall be made before and after each test series.
Where necessary, the output from each accelerometer amplifier shall be zeroed after mounting the
accelerometers in the test position.
6 Vibration equipment
6.1 Physical characteristics
The minimum equipment required is a vibrator capable of driving the platform in the vertical and/or
horizontal directions. Application standards may define situations where it is appropriate to turn the
seat by 90° on the platform to account for excitations in x- and y-axis (as opposed to a combined axes
excitation). The dynamic response of the exciter shall be capable of exciting the seat with the seated
test person and additional equipment, in accordance with the specified test input vibration.
Attributes of performance to be specified include frequency range and displacement capability in each
of the required directions.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Application standards shall specify the lowest acceptable resonance frequency of the platform, the
acceptable cross-axis motion of the platform and the frequency range for which this applies.
Application standards shall specify requirements for test stand dimensions and equipment to ensure
that these are adequate for each particular application.
It has been observed that the use of certain equipment (e.g. a steering wheel, pedals, etc.) may lower the
repeatability of the results.
6.2 Control system
The frequency response characteristics of the vibration test system shall be compensated for to ensure
that the power spectral density (PSD) and the probability density function (PDF) of the acceleration
amplitudes of the vibration at the seat mounting base comply with the requirements of the specified
test input vibration.
7 Safety requirements
The guidance on safety requirements with regard to tests in which people are exposed to mechanical
vibration and repeated shock as given in ISO 13090-1 shall be followed.
Specific safety requirements shall be considered when the relevant application standard is being
developed.
8 Test conditions
8.1 Test seat
8.1.1 General
The seat to be tested shall be representative of actual or intended production models with regard to
design, construction, mechanical and geometrical characteristics, and any other factors which may
affect the vibration test results.
The performance may vary between seats of the same type. Therefore, it is recommended to test more
than one seat.
8.1.2 Run-in periods for suspension seats
Suspension seats require a run-in period prior to exposure to vibration in order to free the moving
parts of the suspension. This period shall be long enough for the seat performance to stabilize.
Any required air, hydraulic or electric power shall be supplied to the seat at the pressure and flow rate,
or voltage, recommended by the seat manufacturer and shall be connected to the seat in the manner
recommended by the seat manufacturer. The test seat shall be loaded with an inert mass of 75 kg ± 1 %
placed on the seat cushion, and the seat shall be adjusted according to the manufacturer’s instructions
for a nominal value of 100 kg operator mass.
NOTE A suitable inert mass consists of lead shot. The lead shot can be contained within thin cushions which
are sewn so as to form a quilt. About 10 such cushions are sufficient to obtain a 75 kg mass.
During the run-in period, the test seat shall be excited by a sinusoidal input vibration at approximately
the natural frequency of the suspension. The amplitude of the applied sinusoidal vibration shall be 75 %
of the full amplitude of the seat suspension.
The damper may overheat during the run-in period. Therefore, use an automatic shutdown and monitor
the temperature of the damper.
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
If additional vibration tests in the horizontal direction are planned, the run-in procedure shall be
followed under the same conditions separately for each direction.
Deviations from this run-in method for the seat suspension may be specified in relevant application
standards for individual seat tests.
8.1.3 Measurement of suspension travel and adjustment to weight of test person
Differences in the setting of ride height when testing suspended seats can have significant effects
on test results. Therefore, the test standard should include guidance on how the height should be
adjusted, such as
— with seats where the suspension stroke available is affected by the adjustment of the seat height or
by the test person weight, including where the height adjustment is integrated into the suspension
travel, testing shall be performed in the lowest position that provides the full working suspension
stroke as specified by the seat manufacturer, and
— with seats where the suspension stroke available is unaffected by the adjustment of the seat height
or by test person weight, testing shall be performed with the seat adjusted to the centre of stroke.
Determination of the ride position requires location of the upper and the lower ends of travel for the
suspension, as follows.
a) For suspensions with manual weight adjustment, the following procedure is recommended.
The upper end of travel should be determined with no load on the seat, and with the suspension
weight adjustment set approximately to suit the heavy test person (e.g. 100 kg).
The lower end of travel, including compression of the lower bump stop, should be determined with
a load of 1 500 N, and with the suspension weight adjustment set approximately to suit the light
test person (e.g. 55 kg).
b) For suspensions with automatic weight adjustment, which usually are air suspensions, the
following procedure is recommended.
To determine the upper end of travel, a dynamic test is needed. Starting with a heavy (e.g. 100 kg)
test person sitting on the seat, the height should be adjusted to mid-ride (in cases where the height
adjustment is integrated into the suspension travel, adjust to the upmost mid-ride position). The
test person rises from the seat very quickly, so that the suspension is compressed into the upper
end-stop. The highest position measured gives the upper end of travel. In this context, mid-ride
means the mid-point of the working stroke.
To determine the lower end of travel, first exhaust the suspension completely so that the suspension
is just resting on the lower end-stop. If necessary, add weight to the seat to bring the suspension
into contact with the end-stop. Then, compress the suspension further with a force of 1 000 N (or
load with a mass of 100 kg). This lowest position gives the lower end of travel.
For a suspension that cannot be measured in this way, an alternative method that has the same
basic objectives should be devised.
The following information should be included in the report:
— full working stroke (as given by the manufacturer);
— measured working stroke (suspension without integral height adjustment) or full measured
suspension travel (suspension with integral height adjustment);
— position used during the vibration test (distance above lower end of travel);
— available height adjustment (suspension with integral height adjustment) being the full measured
suspension travel less the working stroke as specified by the manufacturer.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
NOTE 1 Use of a continuous visual indication of ride height position for the test controller or engineer can aid
reproducibility by enabling any variations in ride height to be corrected, e.g. resulting from changing damper
temperature. Such indications can be electrical or mechanical. It is also necessary for determining the upper end
of travel for a suspension with automatic weight adjustment.
NOTE 2 Use of a brief burst of sinusoidal vibration, coupled with visual indication of ride height, can help to
reduce the error in setting ride height that can be introduced by friction, particularly in suspensions with low
spring rates.
8.1.4 Inclination of backrest
When the inclination of the backrest is adjustable, it shall be set approximately upright, inclined slightly
backwards (if possible: 10° ± 5°).
8.2 Test persons and posture
Application standards for suspended seats shall specify the masses of two test persons to be used for
the test. These masses will normally be based on the 5th and the 95th percentile masses of the
population of vehicle or machinery users for which the seat is intended. The tolerance shall be low,
preferably of the required mass for the low-mass test person. For the heavy test person, a greater
−5%
+5%
tolerance is permissible, up to of the required mass.
Whereas existing test standards for suspension seats specify test persons by total clothed weight,
measured standing, reproducibility of test results might be improved by specifying sitting weight,
measured as below. Some test standards for suspension seats (e.g. ISO 5007, ISO 7096, EN 13490)
consistently specify light persons with total mass of 52 kg to 55 kg, and heavy persons with total mass
of 98 kg to 103 kg. Specification by sitting weight, based on the approximate assumption that this is
75 % of total weight, would thus become 39 kg to 41 kg for the light person and 74 kg to 77 kg for the
heavy person.
In order to check the sitting weight, the test person should sit in an erect upright posture on a hard,
flat seat with no backrest on the weighing platform, with feet and legs supported separately, and
hands resting on top of the thighs. There should be no contact between the seat and the thighs. For
this measurement, the upper leg should be approximately horizontal and the lower leg approximately
vertical. The value weighed should be that supported by the test person’s ischial tuberosities.
Test persons should be weighed immediately before each continuous series of test runs.
To meet the required mass of the test persons, added masses may be used. Where this is allowed, and
to aid reproducibility, these should be in the form of inert discs (or sheets) placed between the seat
cushion and the test person. The mounting disc should be placed under the added mass between the
added mass and the seat cushion. The added mass should be no more than 5 kg for a light test person,
and no more than 8 kg for a heavy test person. The use of added masses and other optional possibilities
(such as carrying out the test with only one test person) should be dealt with in application standards.
Laboratories are encouraged to gather data to correlate the sitting and standing weights of their test
persons.
The application standards shall also define a posture appropriate to the application. This could include
some relationship between seat height and longitudinal footrest position, absence or presence of a
steering wheel (and its position), and some guidance as to how the correct posture can be ensured,
e.g. by measurement of certain limb or joint angles. An example of a suitable posture for testing of
suspension seats is shown in Figure 3.
In the testing of suspension seats, vibration at the test person’s feet can contribute to the acceleration
measured on the seat cushion. It is necessary to minimize this consistently. Therefore, the height of
the feet support should be adjusted so that, when the seat height position is set to the position to be
used for the tests (usually mid-ride), there is no pressure between the front of the seat cushion and the
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
thighs of the test person. This may be confirmed subjectively, or by simple means such as sliding a piece
of paper between the cushion and the thighs.
NOTE It is usually more convenient to set the foot position after first setting the mid-ride height of the
suspension.
The test persons shall be trained in preliminary tests until they have become accustomed to maintaining
a normal, inactive behaviour and posture with respect to the seat throughout the test.
Key
1 seat backrest
2 seat pan
3 accelerometer disc on the seat pan (S)
4 seat suspension
5 platform
6 accelerometer on the platform (P)
7 base of the seat
Figure 3 — Suitable posture for testing suspension seats
8.3 Other possibilities
In order to avoid the exposure of human beings to testing, it may in future application standards be
possible to recommend other solutions.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
9 Test input vibration
9.1 General
The application standards shall specify one or more dynamic tests, designed to ensure that a seat is
suitable for the intended purpose. As a minimum, there shall be a test using an input representative of
severe but not abnormal use, in the course of which the vibration transmitted to the interface between
the seat and the operator is measured, as the basic performance parameter of the seat.
In order to specify the transmission characteristics of seats with regard to different input frequencies
(e.g. for tuning the vibration response of seats on different types of vehicle, such as foam seats in
passenger cars), an alternative method is recommended in 9.4 for the determination of the transfer
function for the relevant frequency range with a sinusoidal vibration input.
For seats with suspension systems used in off-road machinery, there should be a test of the effectiveness
of the suspension damper in controlling occasional large-amplitude vibrations or shocks. This can take
the form of a sinusoidal test to determine the maximum response of the seat at a frequency close to its
resonant frequency when carrying a simple load equivalent to an average operator (e.g. the inert mass
as specified in 8.1.2).
In some cases, such as suspensions with short travel as used on industrial trucks or off-road vehicles,
a further test may be needed to ensure that, under conditions of excessive suspension travel, the
suspension end-stops are so constructed as to keep the resulting shock acceleration at an acceptable
level. Annex A contains the specification for such a test which may be specified in more detail in an
application standard (type-C standard) if needed.
9.2 Simulated input vibration test
The simulated input test vibration shall be specified in accordance with the vehicle or machinery
groups defined either by the acceleration power spectral density function or by the time history of an
actual and representative signal.
When the input vibration is defined by PSD, the relevant application standard should give the formula
describing the PSD and its tolerance. The equation for the PSD may be in the form of filter formulae,
which should be those of a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter (the pair constituting a band-pass
filter), both of the Butterworth type. The cut-off frequencies and the slopes of the filters shall be clearly
defined.
When the input vibration is defined by a time history, the application standard shall specify the number
of measured (calcul
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2017
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 30326-1:2000
SIST EN 30326-1:2000/A1:2008
SIST EN 30326-1:2000/A2:2012
Mehanske vibracije - Laboratorijska metoda za ovrednotenje vibracij sedežev vozil
- 1. del: Osnovne zahteve (ISO 10326-1:2016, popravljena razlićica 2017-02)
Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration - Part 1:
Basic requirements (ISO 10326-1:2016, Corrected version 2017-02)
Mechanische Schwingungen - Laborverfahren zur Bewertung der Schwingungen von
Fahrzeugsitzen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen (ISO 10326-1:2016, korrigierte
Fassung 2017-02)
Vibrations mécaniques - Méthode en laboratoire pour l'évaluation des vibrations du siège
de véhicule - Partie 1: Exigences de base (ISO 10326-1:2016, Version corrigée 2017-02)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10326-1:2016
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
43.020 Cestna vozila na splošno Road vehicles in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 10326-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.160 Supersedes EN 30326-1:1994
English Version
Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating
vehicle seat vibration - Part 1: Basic requirements (ISO
10326-1:2016, Corrected version 2017-02)
Vibrations mécaniques - Méthode en laboratoire pour Mechanische Schwingungen - Laborverfahren zur
l'évaluation des vibrations du siège de véhicule - Partie Bewertung der Schwingungen von Fahrzeugsitzen -
1: Exigences de base (ISO 10326-1:2016, Version Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen (ISO 10326-
corrigée 2017-02) 1:2016, korrigierte Fassung 2017-02)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 October 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10326-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [OJ L 157] aimed to be covered . 4
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10326-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108
“Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring” in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 30326-1:1994.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10326-1:2016, Corrected version 2017-02 has been approved by CEN as
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC [OJ L 157] aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request [M/396
concerning the development of European Standards related to machinery] to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [OJ L 157].
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC [OJ L 157]
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC of this EN
1.1.8 Seating and All normative clauses
1.5.9 Vibrations
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the products falling within the scope of this
standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10326-1
Second edition
2016-10-15
Corrected version
2017-02
Mechanical vibration — Laboratory
method for evaluating vehicle seat
vibration —
Part 1:
Basic requirements
Vibrations mécaniques — Méthode en laboratoire pour l’évaluation
des vibrations du siège de véhicule —
Partie 1: Exigences de base
Reference number
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 2
5 Instrumentation . 2
5.1 Acceleration transducers . 2
5.2 Transducer mounting . 2
5.2.1 General. 2
5.2.2 Transducer mounting on the platform . 3
5.2.3 Transducer mounting on the seat pan and/or backrest . 3
5.3 Frequency weighting . 4
5.4 Calibration . 4
6 Vibration equipment . 4
6.1 Physical characteristics . 4
6.2 Control system. 5
7 Safety requirements . 5
8 Test conditions . 5
8.1 Test seat . 5
8.1.1 General. 5
8.1.2 Run-in periods for suspension seats . 5
8.1.3 Measurement of suspension travel and adjustment to weight of test person . 6
8.1.4 Inclination of backrest . 7
8.2 Test persons and posture . 7
8.3 Other possibilities . 8
9 Test input vibration . 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Simulated input vibration test . 9
9.3 Tolerances on input vibration .10
9.4 Transfer function with sinusoidal vibration input .10
9.5 Damping test .10
9.5.1 Suspension seats .10
9.5.2 Other seats .11
10 Test procedure .11
10.1 General .11
10.2 Simulated input vibration test .11
10.3 Damping test .12
11 Acceptance .12
12 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Test method for assessing the ability of a seat suspension to control
the effects of impacts caused by over-travel .14
Annex B (informative) Example of a simulated input test signal specified by the PSD.20
Bibliography .22
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition
monitoring, Subcommittee SC 4, Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10326-1:1992), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the amendments ISO 10326-1:1992/Amd 1:2007 and
ISO 10326-1:1992/Amd 2:2011.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10326 series can be found on the ISO website.
This corrected version of ISO 10326-1:2016 incorporates the following correction.
A.3.5 The corrupted symbol À was replaced with the correct symbol π in six instances.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Introduction
Drivers, staff and passengers of vehicles (land, air or water) and mobile machinery are exposed
to mechanical vibration which interferes with their comfort, working efficiency and, in some
circumstances, safety and health. Such vehicles and mobile machines are often fitted with seats that are
designed and made in accordance with current state-of-the-art with regard to their capacity to control
or reduce transmitted whole-body vibration.
To assist in the development of such seats, specific test codes have been, or are being, produced to
evaluate the performance of seats. The following basic requirements have therefore been developed
to give guidance for the specification of laboratory testing of vibration transmission through a vehicle
seat to the occupant and for the evaluation of the ability of a seat to control the shock arising from over-
travel of the suspension.
The seat constitutes the last stage of suspension before the driver. To be efficient at attenuating the
vibration, the suspension seat should be chosen according to the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle.
Any performance criteria provided should be set in accordance with what is attainable using best design
practice. Such criteria do not necessarily ensure the complete protection of the operator against risks
associated with exposure to vibration and shock which are generally believed to be risk of spinal injury.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Mechanical vibration — Laboratory method for evaluating
vehicle seat vibration —
Part 1:
Basic requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies basic requirements for the laboratory testing of vibration transmission
through a vehicle seat to the occupant. These methods for measurement and analysis make it possible
to compare test results from different laboratories for equivalent seats.
It specifies the test method, the instrumentation requirements, the measuring assessment method and
the way to report the test result.
This document applies to specific laboratory seat tests which evaluate vibration transmission to the
occupants of any type of seat used in vehicles and mobile off-road machinery.
Application standards for specific vehicles refer to this document when defining the test input vibration
that is typical for the vibration characteristics of the type or class of vehicle or machinery in which the
seat is to be fitted.
NOTE Examples of application standards are given in the bibliography.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2631-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration —
Part 1: General requirements
ISO 5347 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups
ISO 8041, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation
ISO 13090-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Guidance on safety aspects of tests and experiments with
people — Part 1: Exposure to whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock
ISO 16063 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
4 General
The measurement and assessment methods given in this document comply with the present practice
standardized in ISO 2631-1. The measuring equipment and the frequency weightings shall be in
accordance with ISO 8041.
The primary test for the vibration characteristics of the seat involves measurements under conditions
which simulate the range of actual uses of a vehicle or machine. For applications where occasional
severe shocks or transient vibration can be expected (and in particular for seats whose suspension
travel is short, such as those intended for use on industrial trucks or off-road vehicles), in addition to
the damping test, a secondary test is required to ensure that the seat responds acceptably. Machinery-
specific standards shall give guidance on the need for this secondary test which comprises a method
for assessing the accelerations associated with impact with the suspension end-stops when over-travel
occurs. The test is described in Annex A.
5 Instrumentation
5.1 Acceleration transducers
The measuring systems selected for the evaluation of vibration at the seat mounting base or platform
of the vibration simulator and that selected for the evaluation of vibration transmitted to the seat
occupant, or to an inert mass when used, shall have similar characteristics.
The characteristics of the vibration measuring system, accelerometers, signal conditioning and data
acquisition equipment, including recording devices, shall be specified in the relevant application
standard, especially the dynamic range, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and overload capacity.
5.2 Transducer mounting
5.2.1 General
One accelerometer for each required test direction shall be located on the platform (P) at the place
of the vibration transmission to the seat. The other accelerometer(s) shall be located at the interface
between the human body and the seat, at either the seat pan (S) and/or the backrest (B) (see Figure 1).
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Location of the accelerometers on the platform (P), on the seat pan (S) and on the
backrest (B)
5.2.2 Transducer mounting on the platform
The accelerometer(s) on the platform shall be located within a circle with a diameter of 200 mm
centred directly below the seat accelerometer(s). The measuring directions shall be aligned parallel to
the movement of the platform.
5.2.3 Transducer mounting on the seat pan and/or backrest
The accelerometers on the seat pan shall be attached in the centre of a mounting disc with a total
diameter of 250 mm ± 50 mm. The disc shall be as thin as possible (see Figure 2). The height shall
not be more than 12 mm. This semi-rigid mounting disc of approximately 80 durometer to 90
durometer units (A-scale) moulded rubber or plastics material shall have a centre cavity in which to
place the accelerometers. The accelerometers shall be attached to a thin metal disc with a thickness of
1,5 mm ± 0,2 mm and a diameter of 75 mm ± 5 mm.
The mounting disc shall be placed on the surface of the seat pan and taped to the cushion in such a way
that the accelerometers are located midway between the ischial tuberosities of the seat occupant with a
tolerance to be defined in the relevant application standards. Alternative positioning of the disc may be
recommended for certain applications. Any variation from the position here defined shall be specified
in application standards.
When tests are performed without a person sitting on the seat, e.g. during damping tests, the disc shall
be placed in the same position as if a person were seated in the seat.
If measurements are made on the backrest, the accelerometers shall be (horizontally) located in the
vertical longitudinal plane through the centre-line of the seat. The relevant application standards shall
specify the vertical position of the accelerometers. The measurement axes shall be aligned parallel to
the basicentric coordinate system.
Besides the semi-rigid mounting disc recommended for soft or highly contoured cushions, a rigid disc
with a generally flat surface or an individual-form design may be used. Such discs may be, for instance,
required for testing rail vehicle passenger seats. The transducer mounting should be made of low-mass
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
materials, so that the resonant frequency of the mounting is at least four times the highest frequency
specified for the test.
For practical reasons, it is usually not possible to align perfectly the accelerometers in the disc
with the axes of motion of the platform. In a tolerance range within 15° of the appropriate axes, the
accelerometers may be considered as aligned parallel to the axes of interest. For deviations greater
than 15°, acceleration should be measured along two axes and the acceleration vector sum along the
axis of interest should be calculated.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thin metal disc for accelerometer mount and added centre rigidity
2 appropriate cavity for accelerometer(s)
Figure 2 — Semi-rigid mounting disc
5.3 Frequency weighting
Frequency weighting shall be in accordance with ISO 8041.
5.4 Calibration
The instrumentation shall be calibrated in accordance with ISO 16063-1 and, depending on the type of
measuring system used, to the relevant part of ISO 5347 or ISO 16063.
It is recommended to check the whole measuring chain following the specifications given in ISO 8041.
Calibration shall be made before and after each test series.
Where necessary, the output from each accelerometer amplifier shall be zeroed after mounting the
accelerometers in the test position.
6 Vibration equipment
6.1 Physical characteristics
The minimum equipment required is a vibrator capable of driving the platform in the vertical and/or
horizontal directions. Application standards may define situations where it is appropriate to turn the
seat by 90° on the platform to account for excitations in x- and y-axis (as opposed to a combined axes
excitation). The dynamic response of the exciter shall be capable of exciting the seat with the seated
test person and additional equipment, in accordance with the specified test input vibration.
Attributes of performance to be specified include frequency range and displacement capability in each
of the required directions.
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
Application standards shall specify the lowest acceptable resonance frequency of the platform, the
acceptable cross-axis motion of the platform and the frequency range for which this applies.
Application standards shall specify requirements for test stand dimensions and equipment to ensure
that these are adequate for each particular application.
It has been observed that the use of certain equipment (e.g. a steering wheel, pedals, etc.) may lower the
repeatability of the results.
6.2 Control system
The frequency response characteristics of the vibration test system shall be compensated for to ensure
that the power spectral density (PSD) and the probability density function (PDF) of the acceleration
amplitudes of the vibration at the seat mounting base comply with the requirements of the specified
test input vibration.
7 Safety requirements
The guidance on safety requirements with regard to tests in which people are exposed to mechanical
vibration and repeated shock as given in ISO 13090-1 shall be followed.
Specific safety requirements shall be considered when the relevant application standard is being
developed.
8 Test conditions
8.1 Test seat
8.1.1 General
The seat to be tested shall be representative of actual or intended production models with regard to
design, construction, mechanical and geometrical characteristics, and any other factors which may
affect the vibration test results.
The performance may vary between seats of the same type. Therefore, it is recommended to test more
than one seat.
8.1.2 Run-in periods for suspension seats
Suspension seats require a run-in period prior to exposure to vibration in order to free the moving
parts of the suspension. This period shall be long enough for the seat performance to stabilize.
Any required air, hydraulic or electric power shall be supplied to the seat at the pressure and flow rate,
or voltage, recommended by the seat manufacturer and shall be connected to the seat in the manner
recommended by the seat manufacturer. The test seat shall be loaded with an inert mass of 75 kg ± 1 %
placed on the seat cushion, and the seat shall be adjusted according to the manufacturer’s instructions
for a nominal value of 100 kg operator mass.
NOTE A suitable inert mass consists of lead shot. The lead shot can be contained within thin cushions which
are sewn so as to form a quilt. About 10 such cushions are sufficient to obtain a 75 kg mass.
During the run-in period, the test seat shall be excited by a sinusoidal input vibration at approximately
the natural frequency of the suspension. The amplitude of the applied sinusoidal vibration shall be 75 %
of the full amplitude of the seat suspension.
The damper may overheat during the run-in period. Therefore, use an automatic shutdown and monitor
the temperature of the damper.
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
If additional vibration tests in the horizontal direction are planned, the run-in procedure shall be
followed under the same conditions separately for each direction.
Deviations from this run-in method for the seat suspension may be specified in relevant application
standards for individual seat tests.
8.1.3 Measurement of suspension travel and adjustment to weight of test person
Differences in the setting of ride height when testing suspended seats can have significant effects
on test results. Therefore, the test standard should include guidance on how the height should be
adjusted, such as
— with seats where the suspension stroke available is affected by the adjustment of the seat height or
by the test person weight, including where the height adjustment is integrated into the suspension
travel, testing shall be performed in the lowest position that provides the full working suspension
stroke as specified by the seat manufacturer, and
— with seats where the suspension stroke available is unaffected by the adjustment of the seat height
or by test person weight, testing shall be performed with the seat adjusted to the centre of stroke.
Determination of the ride position requires location of the upper and the lower ends of travel for the
suspension, as follows.
a) For suspensions with manual weight adjustment, the following procedure is recommended.
The upper end of travel should be determined with no load on the seat, and with the suspension
weight adjustment set approximately to suit the heavy test person (e.g. 100 kg).
The lower end of travel, including compression of the lower bump stop, should be determined with
a load of 1 500 N, and with the suspension weight adjustment set approximately to suit the light
test person (e.g. 55 kg).
b) For suspensions with automatic weight adjustment, which usually are air suspensions, the
following procedure is recommended.
To determine the upper end of travel, a dynamic test is needed. Starting with a heavy (e.g. 100 kg)
test person sitting on the seat, the height should be adjusted to mid-ride (in cases where the height
adjustment is integrated into the suspension travel, adjust to the upmost mid-ride position). The
test person rises from the seat very quickly, so that the suspension is compressed into the upper
end-stop. The highest position measured gives the upper end of travel. In this context, mid-ride
means the mid-point of the working stroke.
To determine the lower end of travel, first exhaust the suspension completely so that the suspension
is just resting on the lower end-stop. If necessary, add weight to the seat to bring the suspension
into contact with the end-stop. Then, compress the suspension further with a force of 1 000 N (or
load with a mass of 100 kg). This lowest position gives the lower end of travel.
For a suspension that cannot be measured in this way, an alternative method that has the same
basic objectives should be devised.
The following information should be included in the report:
— full working stroke (as given by the manufacturer);
— measured working stroke (suspension without integral height adjustment) or full measured
suspension travel (suspension with integral height adjustment);
— position used during the vibration test (distance above lower end of travel);
— available height adjustment (suspension with integral height adjustment) being the full measured
suspension travel less the working stroke as specified by the manufacturer.
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
NOTE 1 Use of a continuous visual indication of ride height position for the test controller or engineer can aid
reproducibility by enabling any variations in ride height to be corrected, e.g. resulting from changing damper
temperature. Such indications can be electrical or mechanical. It is also necessary for determining the upper end
of travel for a suspension with automatic weight adjustment.
NOTE 2 Use of a brief burst of sinusoidal vibration, coupled with visual indication of ride height, can help to
reduce the error in setting ride height that can be introduced by friction, particularly in suspensions with low
spring rates.
8.1.4 Inclination of backrest
When the inclination of the backrest is adjustable, it shall be set approximately upright, inclined slightly
backwards (if possible: 10° ± 5°).
8.2 Test persons and posture
Application standards for suspended seats shall specify the masses of two test persons to be used for
the test. These masses will normally be based on the 5th and the 95th percentile masses of the
population of vehicle or machinery users for which the seat is intended. The tolerance shall be low,
preferably of the required mass for the low-mass test person. For the heavy test person, a greater
−5%
+5%
tolerance is permissible, up to of the required mass.
Whereas existing test standards for suspension seats specify test persons by total clothed weight,
measured standing, reproducibility of test results might be improved by specifying sitting weight,
measured as below. Some test standards for suspension seats (e.g. ISO 5007, ISO 7096, EN 13490)
consistently specify light persons with total mass of 52 kg to 55 kg, and heavy persons with total mass
of 98 kg to 103 kg. Specification by sitting weight, based on the approximate assumption that this is
75 % of total weight, would thus become 39 kg to 41 kg for the light person and 74 kg to 77 kg for the
heavy person.
In order to check the sitting weight, the test person should sit in an erect upright posture on a hard,
flat seat with no backrest on the weighing platform, with feet and legs supported separately, and
hands resting on top of the thighs. There should be no contact between the seat and the thighs. For
this measurement, the upper leg should be approximately horizontal and the lower leg approximately
vertical. The value weighed should be that supported by the test person’s ischial tuberosities.
Test persons should be weighed immediately before each continuous series of test runs.
To meet the required mass of the test persons, added masses may be used. Where this is allowed, and
to aid reproducibility, these should be in the form of inert discs (or sheets) placed between the seat
cushion and the test person. The mounting disc should be placed under the added mass between the
added mass and the seat cushion. The added mass should be no more than 5 kg for a light test person,
and no more than 8 kg for a heavy test person. The use of added masses and other optional possibilities
(such as carrying out the test with only one test person) should be dealt with in application standards.
Laboratories are encouraged to gather data to correlate the sitting and standing weights of their test
persons.
The application standards shall also define a posture appropriate to the application. This could include
some relationship between seat height and longitudinal footrest position, absence or presence of a
steering wheel (and its position), and some guidance as to how the correct posture can be ensured,
e.g. by measurement of certain limb or joint angles. An example of a suitable posture for testing of
suspension seats is shown in Figure 3.
In the testing of suspension seats, vibration at the test person’s feet can contribute to the acceleration
measured on the seat cushion. It is necessary to minimize this consistently. Therefore, the height of
the feet support should be adjusted so that, when the seat height position is set to the position to be
used for the tests (usually mid-ride), there is no pressure between the front of the seat cushion and the
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
thighs of the test person. This may be confirmed subjectively, or by simple means such as sliding a piece
of paper between the cushion and the thighs.
NOTE It is usually more convenient to set the foot position after first setting the mid-ride height of the
suspension.
The test persons shall be trained in preliminary tests until they have become accustomed to maintaining
a normal, inactive behaviour and posture with respect to the seat throughout the test.
Key
1 seat backrest
2 seat pan
3 accelerometer disc on the seat pan (S)
4 seat suspension
5 platform
6 accelerometer on the platform (P)
7 base of the seat
Figure 3 — Suitable posture for testing suspension seats
8.3 Other possibilities
In order to avoid the exposure of human beings to testing, it may in future application standards be
possible to recommend other solutions.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 10326-1:2016(E)
9 Test input vibration
9.1 General
The application standards shall specify one or more dynamic tests, designed to ensure that a seat is
suitable for the intended purpose. As a minimum, there shall be a test using an input representative of
severe but not abnormal use, in the course of which the vibration transmitted to the interface between
the seat and the operator is measured, as the basic performance parameter of the seat.
In order to specify the transmission characteristics of seats with regard to different input frequencies
(e.g. for tuning the vibration response of seats on different types of vehicle, such as foam seats in
passenger cars), an alternative method is recommended in 9.4 for the determination of the transfer
function for the relevant frequency range with a sinusoidal vibration input.
For seats with suspension systems used in off-road machinery, there should be a test of the effectiveness
of the suspension damper in controlling occasional large-amplitude vibrations or shocks. This can take
the form of a sinusoidal test to determine the maximum response of the seat at a frequency close to its
resonant frequency when carrying a simple load equivalent to an average operator (e.g. the inert mass
as specified in 8.1.2).
In some cases, such as suspensions with short travel as used on industrial trucks or off-road vehicles,
a further test may be needed to ensure that, under conditions of excessive suspension travel, the
suspension end-stops are so constructed as to keep the resulting shock acceleration at an acceptable
level. Annex A contains the specification for such a test which may be specified in more detail in an
application standard (type-C standard) if needed.
9.2 Simulated input vibration test
The simulated input test vibration shall be specified in accordance with the vehicle or machinery
groups defined either by the acceleration power spectral density function or by the time history of an
actual and representative signal.
When the input vibration is defined by PSD, the relevant application standard should give the formula
describing the PSD and its tolerance. The equation for the PSD may be
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...