SIST EN 15415-2:2012

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles

This European Standard specifies the determination of particle size distribution of solid recovered fuels. It establishes a manual method for the determination of the maximum projected length for large dimension particles. It applies to both agglomerated and non agglomerated solid recovered fuel pieces exhibiting an irregular shape, such as shredded end-of-life tyres and demolition woods.
This document does not apply to filaments protruding from the SRF pieces.

Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bestimmung der Größenverteilung von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen fest. Sie stellt einmanuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel auf. Sie gilt für Stücke von agglomerierten und nicht agglomerierten festen Sekundärbrennstoffen, die eine unregelmäßige Form aufweisen, wie z. B. geschredderte Altreifen und Abbruchholz. Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Drähte, die aus den SRF-Stücken herausstehen.

Combustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de la longueur projetée maximale pour des particules de grande dimension

La présente Norme européenne spécifie la détermination de la distribution granulométrique de combustibles
solides de récupération. Elle établit une méthode manuelle de projection de la longueur maximale des particules de
grande dimension. Elle s’applique aux fragments de combustibles solides de récupération agglomérés et non
agglomérés, de forme irrégulière, comme les pneumatiques non réutilisables ou le bois de démolition, broyés.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux barbules dépassant des fragments de CSR.

Trdna alternativna goriva - Ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti delcev - 2. del: Ročna metoda največje projicirane dolžine za velike delce

Ta evropski standard določa ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti delcev v trdnih alternativnih gorivih. Vzpostavlja ročno metodo za ugotavljanje največje projicirane dolžine za velike delce. Uporablja se za aglomerirane in neaglomerirane delce trdnih alternativnih goriv nepravilne oblike, kot so razrezane izrabljene pnevmatike in odpadni gradbeni les. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za vlakna iz delcev trdnih alternativnih goriv.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Nov-2010
• Publication Date: 03-May-2012
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: AGO - Refuse derived fuel
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 17-Apr-2012
• Due Date: 22-Jun-2012
• Completion Date: 04-May-2012
• Mandate: M/325 - Mandate to CEN on Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF)
• Ref Project: EN 15415-2:2012 - Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles

Relations

• Replaces: SIST-TS CEN/TS 15415:2007 - Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution by screen method
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012

Overview

SIST EN 15415-2:2012 is a European Standard developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) that defines a manual method for determining the particle size distribution of solid recovered fuels (SRF) with large, irregularly shaped particles. This standard focuses on the maximum projected length method for characterizing large dimension particles such as shredded end-of-life tyres and demolition woods. It provides guidelines on sampling, measurement, and evaluation processes to ensure reliable and reproducible results essential for handling, transport, and combustion of SRF materials. The standard excludes filaments protruding from the SRF pieces and complements other parts of EN 15415 dealing with smaller particles and image analysis methods.

Key Topics

• Scope: Applies to agglomerated and non-agglomerated solid recovered fuels exhibiting irregular shapes and large dimensions, particularly those that cannot be characterized by conventional sieving methods.

• Sampling Principles: Specifies probabilistic or judgemental sampling to obtain representative samples from lots. Emphasizes the importance of sampling large particles during material movement to achieve accuracy.

• Measurement Method:

  • Determination of the maximum projected length - the largest length of a particle projected onto a plane
  • Measurement accuracy within ±5 mm
  • Exclusion of filiform protrusions in measurement

• Sample Size and Preparation:

  • Requires at least 100 separate large particles in the laboratory sample (not passing through the lower dimension sieve).
  • Includes weighing total sample mass, fine particles mass, and loose metal wires.
  • Use of ISO compliant sieves for size segregation.

• Data Evaluation:

  • Distribution of particle sizes represented by histograms subdivided into seven size classes.
  • Calculation of:
    • Number and mass percentages of large particles exceeding the higher dimension threshold.
    • Mass percentage of fine particles passing through the sieve.
    • Number and mass percentages in central size classes defining the typical format range.

• Apparatus Required:

  • Measurement vessel capable of holding minimum 100 pieces.
  • Illuminated measurement plane with ruler (graduated up to 500 mm).
  • Precision balance (±0.01 kg accuracy).
  • Circular mesh sieve matching the lower dimension format.

• Sampling Tools:

  • Rectangular scoop designed to capture large particles without bias, with minimum specified dimensions relative to particle size classes.

Applications

• Quality Control in SRF Production: Helps producers monitor particle size distributions for compliance with customer specifications and regulatory requirements.

• Fuel Handling and Transportation: Accurate particle size data is critical for designing conveyors and feeding systems to prevent blockages or mechanical wear.

• Combustion Efficiency and Safety: Ensures appropriate particle sizes are fed into combustion zones, enhancing energy recovery performance and reducing risks.

• Environmental Compliance: Supports classification and standardization of SRF materials to meet waste-to-energy regulations and solid fuel standards.

• Sampling and Testing Protocols: Provides a robust methodology for routine and contract testing across multiple European countries, contributing to harmonized SRF industry practices.

Related Standards

• EN 15415-1:2012 – Screen method for small dimension particles in solid recovered fuels.

• EN 15415-3:2012 – Image analysis method for large dimension solid recovered fuel particles, including filaments.

• EN 15357:2011 – Terminology and definitions related to solid recovered fuels.

• ISO 565 & ISO 3310-1 – Specifications for test sieves used in particle size analysis.

SIST EN 15415-2:2012 functions as part of the broader EN 15415 series, ensuring comprehensive coverage of particle size characterization methods for solid recovered fuels facilitating market acceptance and quality consistency throughout Europe.

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Keywords: solid recovered fuels, particle size distribution, maximum projected length, large dimension particles, manual measurement method, shredded tyres, demolition wood, sampling methods, EN 15415-2, European standard, SRF particle sizing, fuel handling, combustion preparation, sieve analysis.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große PartikelCombustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de la longueur projetée maximale pour des particules de grande dimensionSolid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15415-2:2012SIST EN 15415-2:2012en,fr,de01-junij-2012SIST EN 15415-2:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15415:20071DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15415-2
April 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles
Combustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la distribution granulométrique - Partie 2: Méthode (manuelle) de projection de la longueur maximale des particules de grande dimension
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung - Teil 2: Manuelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung der größten projizierten Länge für große Partikel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15415-2:2012: ESIST EN 15415-2:2012

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 15415, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size distribution, consists of the following parts:  Part 1: Screen method for small dimension particles  Part 2: Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles  Part 3: Method by image analysis for large dimension particles According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
When such products reach the end-of-life stage, they continue to exhibit the very strong mechanical properties for which they were designed and fabricated. For instance, tyres are designed and fabricated to withstand cutting. Therefore, it is wise to minimise shredding when producing SRF from these end-of-life products.This results in a general production of SRF pieces exhibiting an irregular shape and large size.
These SRF pieces cannot be characterised using the sieving method specified in EN 15415-1 which utilises well-known distribution curves and a series of test sieves. Consequently, the method specified in this document is a manual method based on the determination of the maximum projected length and accompanied by an appropriate statistical evaluation. This maximum projected length approach is needed for the sake of testing; but it is mainly needed to facilitate the use of these solid recovered fuels. Safe transportation (e.g. with a conveyer) and introduction into the combustion zone are dependent on the design and operations adapted to such maximum length. In this document, the maximum projected length is determined without considering the filaments protruding from the SRF pieces (see 3.1). In EN 15415-3, an image analysis method is specified which allows the characterisation of these filaments protruding from shredded tyre pieces. This document is based on CEN/TS 14243, AFNOR XP T47-751 and AFNOR XP T47-756. SIST EN 15415-2:2012

This document does not apply to filaments protruding from the SRF pieces. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1 Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply: 3.1 filaments filiform parts protruding from pieces of a solid recovered fuel (SRF), generally of a metallic and/or textile nature 3.2 format of a large piece of SRF format based on the distribution of the maximum projected length SIST EN 15415-2:2012

Higher dimension of the format (mm) L Maximum projected length MS
Mass of the laboratory sample (kg) MF
Mass of the fine pieces (kg) MLM Mass of the loose metal wires NCC Number of central classes NCR Number of classes in the range from LDF to HDF TNP Total number of pieces in the sample not including the fine pieces MPF Mass percentage of the fine pieces MPM Mass percentage of the loose metal wires NPL Number percentage of large pieces MPL Mass percentage of large pieces (optional) NPC Number percentage of NCC MPC Mass percentage of NCC (optional) SRF Solid recovered fuel
NOTE In this document "mass percentage" is used for "mass fraction expressed as percent" to maintain continuity with other symbols and their abbreviations that do not designate mass fractions. 5 Principle 5.1 Principle of sampling The main principle of sampling is to obtain a representative sample or representative samples from a whole lot (of defined material) from which a characteristic is to be determined. If the lot is to be represented by a sample, then it is necessary that every particle in the lot have an equal probability of being included in the sample (i.e. probabilistic sampling). Whenever this principle cannot be applied in practice, the sampler shall define a procedure as close as possible to probabilistic sampling in their judgement (i.e. judgemental sampling) and note the limitations in the sampling plan and sampling report.
In general, it is difficult to take samples in a way that satisfies the principle of correct sampling if a material is stationary (for example in a stockpile, big bag or silo). With regard to large pieces of irregular shape (e.g. pieces that include protruding filaments), it is necessary to take samples if the material is in movement. NOTE The determination of properties other than dimensions can result in different sampling requirements. This is the case when determining physical properties such as bulk density or chemical composition.
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