SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005

Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 10: Advanced Video Coding

ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 was developed jointly with ITU-T in response to the growing need for higher compression of moving pictures for various applications such as digital storage media, television broadcasting, Internet streaming and real-time audiovisual communication. It is also designed to enable the use of the coded video representation in a flexible manner for a wide variety of network environments. It is designed to be generic in the sense that it serves a wide range of applications, bit rates, resolutions, qualities and services. The use of ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 allows motion video to be manipulated as a form of computer data and to be stored on various storage media, transmitted and received over existing and future networks and distributed on existing and future broadcasting channels. In the course of creating ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004, requirements from a wide variety of applications have been considered, necessary algorithmic elements have been developed, and these have been integrated into a single syntax. Hence, ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 will facilitate video data interchange among different applications.
The coded representation specified in the syntax is designed to enable a high-compression capability with minimal degradation of image quality. The algorithm is not ordinarily lossless, as the exact source sample values are typically not preserved through the encoding and decoding processes. A number of syntactical features with associated decoding processes are defined that can be used to achieve highly efficient compression, and individual selected regions can be sent without loss. The expected encoding algorithm (not specified in ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004) selects between inter and intra coding for block-shaped regions of each picture. Inter coding uses motion vectors for block-based inter prediction to exploit temporal statistical dependencies between different pictures. Intra coding uses various spatial prediction modes to exploit spatial statistical dependencies in the source signal within a single picture. Motion vectors and intra prediction modes may be specified for a variety of block sizes in the picture. The residual signal remaining after intra or inter prediction is then further compressed using a transform to remove spatial correlation inside each transform block. The transformed blocks are then quantised. The quantisation is an irreversible process that typically discards less important visual information while forming a close approximation to the source samples. Finally, the motion vectors or intra prediction modes are combined with the quantised transform coefficient information and encoded using either context-adaptive variable length codes or context-adaptive arithmetic coding.
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 is the second edition of the ISO/IEC 14496-10 specification. It includes the same technical material specified in the first edition (ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003), plus integrated errata corrections that were specified in a 2004 corrigendum.

Technologies de l'information -- Codage des objets audiovisuels -- Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé

Informacijska tehnologija – Kodiranje avdio-vizualnih objektov – 10. del: Napredno video kodiranje za splošne avdiovizualne storitve

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 16-Aug-2010
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ITC - Information technology
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 04-Aug-2010
• Due Date: 27-Aug-2010
• Completion Date: 17-Aug-2010
• Ref Project: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding

Relations

• Parent: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004/FDAM 1 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding — Amendment 1: AVC professional extensions
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Replaced By: SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 - Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 10: Advanced Video Coding
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-10
Second edition
2004-10-01


Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 10:
Advanced Video Coding
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé




Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO/IEC 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. viii
0 Introduction.ix
0.1 Prologue .ix
0.2 Purpose.ix
0.3 Applications .ix
0.4 Profiles and levels .ix
0.5 Overview of the design characteristics.x
0.6 How to read this specification.xi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Definitions.1
4 Abbreviations .9
5 Conventions .9
5.1 Arithmetic operators.9
5.2 Logical operators.10
5.3 Relational operators .10
5.4 Bit-wise operators .10
5.5 Assignment operators.11
5.6 Range notation .11
5.7 Mathematical functions.11
5.8 Variables, syntax elements, and tables.12
5.9 Text description of logical operations.13
5.10 Processes .14
6 Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships.14
6.1 Bitstream formats.14
6.2 Source, decoded, and output picture formats .14
6.3 Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices.16
6.4 Inverse scanning processes and derivation processes for neighbours .17
7 Syntax and semantics.28
7.1 Method of describing syntax in tabular form .28
7.2 Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors.29
7.3 Syntax in tabular form.30
7.4 Semantics .47
8 Decoding process.82
8.1 NAL unit decoding process.83
8.2 Slice decoding process .84
8.3 Intra prediction process.103
8.4 Inter prediction process.115
8.5 Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process .137
8.6 Decoding process for P macroblocks in SP slices or SI macroblocks.144
8.7 Deblocking filter process .149
9 Parsing process.159
9.1 Parsing process for Exp-Golomb codes .159
9.2 CAVLC parsing process for transform coefficient levels .162
9.3 CABAC parsing process for slice data.169
Annex A Profiles and levels.208
A.1 Requirements on video decoder capability .208
A.2 Profiles .208
A.3 Levels.209
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ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Annex B Byte stream format . 216
B.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax and semantics. 216
B.2 Byte stream NAL unit decoding process . 217
B.3 Decoder byte-alignment recovery (informative) . 217
Annex C Hypothetical reference decoder. 219
C.1 Operation of coded picture buffer (CPB). 221
C.2 Operation of the decoded picture buffer (DPB). 223
C.3 Bitstream conformance. 224
C.4 Decoder conformance. 226
Annex D Supplemental enhancement information. 230
D.1 SEI payload syntax . 231
D.2 SEI payload semantics. 237
Annex E Video usability information . 255
E.1 VUI syntax. 255
E.2 VUI semantics . 257
Annex F Patent Rights . 267


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 6-1 – Nominal vertical and horizontal locations of 4:2:0 luma and chroma samples in a frame . 15
Figure 6-2 – Nominal vertical and horizontal sampling locations of samples top and bottom fields. 16
Figure 6-3 – A picture with 11 by 9 macroblocks that is partitioned into two slices . 17
Figure 6-4 – Partitioning of the decoded frame into macroblock pairs. . 17
Figure 6-5 – Macroblock partitions, sub-macroblock partitions, macroblock partition scans, and sub-macroblock partition
scans. . 18
Figure 6-6 – Scan for 4x4 luma blocks. 19
Figure 6-7 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock. 20
Figure 6-8 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock in MBAFF frames. 21
Figure 6-9 – Determination of the neighbouring macroblock, blocks, and partitions (informative) . 22
Figure 7-1 – The structure of an access unit not containing any NAL units with nal_unit_type equal to 0, 7, 8, or in the
range of 12 to 31, inclusive . 53
Figure 8-1 – Intra_4x4 prediction mode directions (informative) . 104
Figure 8-2 –Example for temporal direct-mode motion vector inference (informative) . 125
Figure 8-3 – Directional segmentation prediction (informative) . 126
Figure 8-4 – Integer samples (shaded blocks with upper-case letters) and fractional sample positions (un-shaded blocks
with lower-case letters) for quarter sample luma interpolation. . 131
Figure 8-5 – Fractional sample position dependent variables in chroma interpolation and surrounding integer position
samples A, B, C, and D. . 133
Figure 8-6 – Assignment of the indices of dcY to luma4x4BlkIdx. . 138
Figure 8-7 – Assignment of the indices of dcC to chroma4x4BlkIdx. . 139
Figure 8-8 – a) Zig-zag scan. b) Field scan . 140
Figure 8-9 – Boundaries in a macroblock to be filtered (luma boundaries shown with solid lines and chroma boundaries
shown with dashed lines). 150
Figure 8-10 – Convention for describing samples across a 4x4 block horizontal or vertical boundary . 153
Figure 9-1 – Illustration of CABAC parsing process for a syntax element SE (informative) . 170
Figure 9-2 – Overview of the arithmetic decoding process for a single bin (informative). 197

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ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Figure 9-3 – Flowchart for decoding a decision.198
Figure 9-4 – Flowchart of renormalization .200
Figure 9-5 – Flowchart of bypass decoding process .201
Figure 9-6 – Flowchart of decoding a decision before termination .202
Figure 9-7 – Flowchart for encoding a decision.203
Figure 9-8 – Flowchart of renormalization in the encoder.204
Figure 9-9 – Flowchart of PutBit(B).204
Figure 9-10 – Flowchart of encoding bypass .205
Figure 9-11 – Flowchart of encoding a decision before termination .206
Figure 9-12 – Flowchart of flushing at termination .206
Figure C-1 – Structure of byte streams and NAL unit streams for HRD conformance checks.219
Figure C-2 – HRD buffer model .220
Figure E-1 – Location of chroma samples for top and bottom fields as a function of chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field
and chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field .262

LIST OF TABLES
Table 6-1 – ChromaFormatFactor values.15
Table 6-2 – Specification of input and output assignments for subclauses 6.4.7.1 to 6.4.7.5.21
Table 6-3 – Specification of mbAddrN.25
Table 6-4 - Specification of mbAddrN and yM .27
Table 7-1 – NAL unit type codes.48
Table 7-2 – Meaning of primary_pic_type .59
Table 7-3 – Name association to slice_type.62
Table 7-4 – reordering_of_pic_nums_idc operations for reordering of reference picture lists.68
Table 7-5 – Interpretation of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag .69
Table 7-6 – Memory management control operation (memory_management_control_operation) values .70
Table 7-7 – Allowed collective macroblock types for slice_type .72
Table 7-8 – Macroblock types for I slices.73
Table 7-9 – Macroblock type with value 0 for SI slices .74
Table 7-10 – Macroblock type values 0 to 4 for P and SP slices .75
Table 7-11 – Macroblock type values 0 to 22 for B slices.76
Table 7-12 – Specification of CodedBlockPatternChroma values.78
Table 7-13 – Relationship between intra_chroma_pred_mode and spatial prediction modes .78
Table 7-14 – Sub-macroblock types in P macroblocks.79
Table 7-15 – Sub-macroblock types in B macroblocks .80
Table 8-1 – Refined slice group map type .88
Table 8-2 – Specification of Intra4x4PredMode[ luma4x4BlkIdx ] and associated names .104
Table 8-3 – Specification of Intra16x16PredMode and associated names.109
Table 8-4 – Specification of Intra chroma prediction modes and associated names.111
Table 8-5 – Specification of the variable colPic .119
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Table 8-6 – Specification of PicCodingStruct( X ). 119
Table 8-7 – Specification of mbAddrCol, yM, and vertMvScale. 120
Table 8-8 – Assignment of prediction utilization flags . 122
Table 8-9 – Derivation of the vertical component of the chroma vector in field coding mode . 128
Table 8-10 – Differential full-sample luma locations. 131
Table 8-11 – Assignment of the luma prediction sample predPartLX [ x , y ] . 133
L L L
Table 8-12 – Specification of mapping of idx to c for zig-zag and field scan. 140
ij
Table 8-13 – Specification of QP as a function of qP . 140
C I
Table 8-14 – Derivation of indexA and indexB from offset dependent threshold variables α and β . 156
Table 8-15 – Value of filter clipping variable t as a function of indexA and bS . 157
C0
Table 9-1 – Bit strings with “prefix” and “suffix” bits and assignment to codeNum ranges (informative) . 159
Table 9-2 – Exp-Golomb bit strings and codeNum in explicit form and used as ue(v) (informative) . 160
Table 9-3 – Assignment of syntax element to codeNum for signed Exp-Golomb coded syntax elements se(v) . 160
Table 9-4 – Assignment of codeNum to values of coded_block_pattern for macroblock prediction modes . 161
Table 9-5 – coeff_token mapping to TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) and TrailingOnes( coeff_token ) . 164
Table 9-6 – Codeword table for level_prefix. 166
Table 9-7 – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 1 to 7. 167
Table 9-8 – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 8 to 15. 168
Table 9-9 – total_zeros tables for chroma DC 2x2 blocks. 168
Table 9-10 – Tables for run_before. 168
Table 9-11 – Association of ctxIdx and syntax elements for each slice type in the initialisation process. 171
Table 9-12 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 0 to 10. 172
Table 9-13 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 11 to 23. 172
Table 9-14 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 24 to 39. 172
Table 9-15 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 40 to 53. 173
Table 9-16 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 54 to 59. 173
Table 9-17 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 60 to 69. 173
Table 9-18 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 70 to 104. 174
Table 9-19 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 105 to 165. 175
Table 9-20 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 166 to 226. 176
Table 9-21 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 227 to 275. 177
Table 9-22 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 277 to 337. 178
Table 9-23 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 338 to 398. 179
Table 9-24 – Syntax elements and associated types of binarization, maxBinIdxCtx, and ctxIdxOffset . 181
Table 9-25 – Bin string of the unary binarization (informative). 182
Table 9-26 – Binarization for macroblock types in I slices . 184
Table 9-27 – Binarization for macroblock types in P, SP, and B slices . 185
Table 9-28 – Binarization for sub-macroblock types in P, SP, and B slices. 186
Table 9-29 – Assignment of ctxIdxInc to binIdx for all ctxIdxOffset values except those related to the syntax elements
coded_block_flag, significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_flag, and coeff_abs_level_minus1 . 188

vi © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Table 9-30 – Assignment of ctxIdxBlockCatOffset to ctxBlockCat for syntax elements coded_block_flag,
significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_flag, and coeff_abs_level_minus1 .189
Table 9-31 – Specification of ctxIdxInc for specific values of ctxIdxOffset and binIdx .195
Table 9-32 – Specification of ctxBlockCat for the different blocks.196
Table 9-33 – Specification of rangeTabLPS depending on pStateIdx and qCodIRangeIdx .199
Table 9-34 – State transition table .200
Table A-1 – Level limits .211
Table A-2 – Baseline profile level limits .
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
01-december-2005
Informacijska tehnologija – Kodiranje avdio-vizualnih objektov – 10. del: Napredno
video kodiranje za splošne avdiovizualne storitve
Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 10: Advanced Video
Coding
Technologies de l'information -- Codage des objets audiovisuels -- Partie 10: Codage
visuel avancé
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004
ICS:
35.040 Nabori znakov in kodiranje Character sets and
informacij information coding
SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005

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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005


INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-10
Second edition
2004-10-01


Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 10:
Advanced Video Coding
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé




Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO/IEC 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. viii
0 Introduction.ix
0.1 Prologue .ix
0.2 Purpose.ix
0.3 Applications .ix
0.4 Profiles and levels .ix
0.5 Overview of the design characteristics.x
0.6 How to read this specification.xi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.1
3 Definitions.1
4 Abbreviations .9
5 Conventions .9
5.1 Arithmetic operators.9
5.2 Logical operators.10
5.3 Relational operators .10
5.4 Bit-wise operators .10
5.5 Assignment operators.11
5.6 Range notation .11
5.7 Mathematical functions.11
5.8 Variables, syntax elements, and tables.12
5.9 Text description of logical operations.13
5.10 Processes .14
6 Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships.14
6.1 Bitstream formats.14
6.2 Source, decoded, and output picture formats .14
6.3 Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices.16
6.4 Inverse scanning processes and derivation processes for neighbours .17
7 Syntax and semantics.28
7.1 Method of describing syntax in tabular form .28
7.2 Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors.29
7.3 Syntax in tabular form.30
7.4 Semantics .47
8 Decoding process.82
8.1 NAL unit decoding process.83
8.2 Slice decoding process .84
8.3 Intra prediction process.103
8.4 Inter prediction process.115
8.5 Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process .137
8.6 Decoding process for P macroblocks in SP slices or SI macroblocks.144
8.7 Deblocking filter process .149
9 Parsing process.159
9.1 Parsing process for Exp-Golomb codes .159
9.2 CAVLC parsing process for transform coefficient levels .162
9.3 CABAC parsing process for slice data.169
Annex A Profiles and levels.208
A.1 Requirements on video decoder capability .208
A.2 Profiles .208
A.3 Levels.209
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iii

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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Annex B Byte stream format . 216
B.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax and semantics. 216
B.2 Byte stream NAL unit decoding process . 217
B.3 Decoder byte-alignment recovery (informative) . 217
Annex C Hypothetical reference decoder. 219
C.1 Operation of coded picture buffer (CPB). 221
C.2 Operation of the decoded picture buffer (DPB). 223
C.3 Bitstream conformance. 224
C.4 Decoder conformance. 226
Annex D Supplemental enhancement information. 230
D.1 SEI payload syntax . 231
D.2 SEI payload semantics. 237
Annex E Video usability information . 255
E.1 VUI syntax. 255
E.2 VUI semantics . 257
Annex F Patent Rights . 267


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 6-1 – Nominal vertical and horizontal locations of 4:2:0 luma and chroma samples in a frame . 15
Figure 6-2 – Nominal vertical and horizontal sampling locations of samples top and bottom fields. 16
Figure 6-3 – A picture with 11 by 9 macroblocks that is partitioned into two slices . 17
Figure 6-4 – Partitioning of the decoded frame into macroblock pairs. . 17
Figure 6-5 – Macroblock partitions, sub-macroblock partitions, macroblock partition scans, and sub-macroblock partition
scans. . 18
Figure 6-6 – Scan for 4x4 luma blocks. 19
Figure 6-7 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock. 20
Figure 6-8 – Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock in MBAFF frames. 21
Figure 6-9 – Determination of the neighbouring macroblock, blocks, and partitions (informative) . 22
Figure 7-1 – The structure of an access unit not containing any NAL units with nal_unit_type equal to 0, 7, 8, or in the
range of 12 to 31, inclusive . 53
Figure 8-1 – Intra_4x4 prediction mode directions (informative) . 104
Figure 8-2 –Example for temporal direct-mode motion vector inference (informative) . 125
Figure 8-3 – Directional segmentation prediction (informative) . 126
Figure 8-4 – Integer samples (shaded blocks with upper-case letters) and fractional sample positions (un-shaded blocks
with lower-case letters) for quarter sample luma interpolation. . 131
Figure 8-5 – Fractional sample position dependent variables in chroma interpolation and surrounding integer position
samples A, B, C, and D. . 133
Figure 8-6 – Assignment of the indices of dcY to luma4x4BlkIdx. . 138
Figure 8-7 – Assignment of the indices of dcC to chroma4x4BlkIdx. . 139
Figure 8-8 – a) Zig-zag scan. b) Field scan . 140
Figure 8-9 – Boundaries in a macroblock to be filtered (luma boundaries shown with solid lines and chroma boundaries
shown with dashed lines). 150
Figure 8-10 – Convention for describing samples across a 4x4 block horizontal or vertical boundary . 153
Figure 9-1 – Illustration of CABAC parsing process for a syntax element SE (informative) . 170
Figure 9-2 – Overview of the arithmetic decoding process for a single bin (informative). 197

iv © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Figure 9-3 – Flowchart for decoding a decision.198
Figure 9-4 – Flowchart of renormalization .200
Figure 9-5 – Flowchart of bypass decoding process .201
Figure 9-6 – Flowchart of decoding a decision before termination .202
Figure 9-7 – Flowchart for encoding a decision.203
Figure 9-8 – Flowchart of renormalization in the encoder.204
Figure 9-9 – Flowchart of PutBit(B).204
Figure 9-10 – Flowchart of encoding bypass .205
Figure 9-11 – Flowchart of encoding a decision before termination .206
Figure 9-12 – Flowchart of flushing at termination .206
Figure C-1 – Structure of byte streams and NAL unit streams for HRD conformance checks.219
Figure C-2 – HRD buffer model .220
Figure E-1 – Location of chroma samples for top and bottom fields as a function of chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field
and chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field .262

LIST OF TABLES
Table 6-1 – ChromaFormatFactor values.15
Table 6-2 – Specification of input and output assignments for subclauses 6.4.7.1 to 6.4.7.5.21
Table 6-3 – Specification of mbAddrN.25
Table 6-4 - Specification of mbAddrN and yM .27
Table 7-1 – NAL unit type codes.48
Table 7-2 – Meaning of primary_pic_type .59
Table 7-3 – Name association to slice_type.62
Table 7-4 – reordering_of_pic_nums_idc operations for reordering of reference picture lists.68
Table 7-5 – Interpretation of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag .69
Table 7-6 – Memory management control operation (memory_management_control_operation) values .70
Table 7-7 – Allowed collective macroblock types for slice_type .72
Table 7-8 – Macroblock types for I slices.73
Table 7-9 – Macroblock type with value 0 for SI slices .74
Table 7-10 – Macroblock type values 0 to 4 for P and SP slices .75
Table 7-11 – Macroblock type values 0 to 22 for B slices.76
Table 7-12 – Specification of CodedBlockPatternChroma values.78
Table 7-13 – Relationship between intra_chroma_pred_mode and spatial prediction modes .78
Table 7-14 – Sub-macroblock types in P macroblocks.79
Table 7-15 – Sub-macroblock types in B macroblocks .80
Table 8-1 – Refined slice group map type .88
Table 8-2 – Specification of Intra4x4PredMode[ luma4x4BlkIdx ] and associated names .104
Table 8-3 – Specification of Intra16x16PredMode and associated names.109
Table 8-4 – Specification of Intra chroma prediction modes and associated names.111
Table 8-5 – Specification of the variable colPic .119
© ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Table 8-6 – Specification of PicCodingStruct( X ). 119
Table 8-7 – Specification of mbAddrCol, yM, and vertMvScale. 120
Table 8-8 – Assignment of prediction utilization flags . 122
Table 8-9 – Derivation of the vertical component of the chroma vector in field coding mode . 128
Table 8-10 – Differential full-sample luma locations. 131
Table 8-11 – Assignment of the luma prediction sample predPartLX [ x , y ] . 133
L L L
Table 8-12 – Specification of mapping of idx to c for zig-zag and field scan. 140
ij
Table 8-13 – Specification of QP as a function of qP . 140
C I
Table 8-14 – Derivation of indexA and indexB from offset dependent threshold variables α and β . 156
Table 8-15 – Value of filter clipping variable t as a function of indexA and bS . 157
C0
Table 9-1 – Bit strings with “prefix” and “suffix” bits and assignment to codeNum ranges (informative) . 159
Table 9-2 – Exp-Golomb bit strings and codeNum in explicit form and used as ue(v) (informative) . 160
Table 9-3 – Assignment of syntax element to codeNum for signed Exp-Golomb coded syntax elements se(v) . 160
Table 9-4 – Assignment of codeNum to values of coded_block_pattern for macroblock prediction modes . 161
Table 9-5 – coeff_token mapping to TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) and TrailingOnes( coeff_token ) . 164
Table 9-6 – Codeword table for level_prefix. 166
Table 9-7 – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 1 to 7. 167
Table 9-8 – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 8 to 15. 168
Table 9-9 – total_zeros tables for chroma DC 2x2 blocks. 168
Table 9-10 – Tables for run_before. 168
Table 9-11 – Association of ctxIdx and syntax elements for each slice type in the initialisation process. 171
Table 9-12 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 0 to 10. 172
Table 9-13 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 11 to 23. 172
Table 9-14 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 24 to 39. 172
Table 9-15 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 40 to 53. 173
Table 9-16 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 54 to 59. 173
Table 9-17 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 60 to 69. 173
Table 9-18 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 70 to 104. 174
Table 9-19 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 105 to 165. 175
Table 9-20 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 166 to 226. 176
Table 9-21 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 227 to 275. 177
Table 9-22 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 277 to 337. 178
Table 9-23 – Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 338 to 398. 179
Table 9-24 – Syntax elements and associated types of binarization, maxBinIdxCtx, and ctxIdxOffset . 181
Table 9-25 – Bin string of the unary binarization (informative). 182
Table 9-26 – Binarization for macroblock types in I slices . 184
Table 9-27 – Binarization for macroblock types in P, SP, and B slices . 185
Table 9-28 – Binarization for sub-macroblock types in P, SP, and B slices. 186
Table 9-29 – Assignment of ctxIdxInc to binIdx for all ctxIdxOffset values except those related to the syntax elements
coded_block_flag, significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_flag, and coeff_abs_level_minus1 . 188

vi © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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SIST ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004(E)
Table 9-30 – Assignment of ctxIdxBlockCatOffset to ctxBlockCat for syntax elements coded_block_flag,
significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_fla
...