SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
(Main)Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439:2002)
Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439:2002)
ISO 10439 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of centrifugal compressors for use in the petroleum, chemical and gas service industries. It is not applicable to machines that develop less than 35 kPa above atmospheric pressure, nor is it applicable to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal air compressors, which are covered in ISO 10442.
Erdöl-, Chemie- und Erdgasindustrie - Radial-Turbokompressoren (ISO 10439:2002)
In dieser Internationalen Norm werden Anforderungen an und Empfehlungen für Konstruktion, Werkstoffe, Fertigung, Inspektion, Prüfung und Versandvorbereitungen von Turbokompressoren festgelegt, die in der Öl- und
Gasindustrie sowie in der chemischen Industrie eingesetzt werden. Diese Internationale Norm gilt nicht für Arbeitsmaschinen, die den Druck auf einen Wert erhöhen, der weniger als 35 kPa über dem atmosphärischen Druck liegt. Sie gilt ferner nicht für Turbo-Luftkompressoranlagen mit integriertem Getriebe, die in ISO 10442 behandelt werden.
ANMERKUNG Wenn möglich, werden in dieser Internationalen Norm die im US-Sprachraum gebräuchlichen Einheiten in Klammern angegeben.
Industries du pétrole, de la chimie et du gaz - Compresseurs centrifuges (ISO 10439:2002)
L'ISO 10439 spécifie les exigences et fournit des recommandations pour la conception, les matériaux, la fabrication, le contrôle, les essais et la préparation pour l'expédition des compresseurs centrifuges utilisés dans les industries du pétrole, de la chimie et du gaz. Elle n'est pas applicable aux machines qui développent moins de 35 kPa au-dessus de la pression atmosphérique. Elle n'est pas applicable non plus à des unités de compresseurs centrifuges à engrenages, qui sont couverts par l'ISO 10442.
Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal compressors (ISO 10439:2002)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
01-maj-2004
Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal compressors (ISO
10439:2002)
Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries - Centrifugal compressors (ISO
10439:2002)
Erdöl-, Chemie- und Erdgasindustrie - Radial-Turbokompressoren (ISO 10439:2002)
Industries du pétrole, de la chimie et du gaz - Compresseurs centrifuges (ISO
10439:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10439:2002
ICS:
23.140 .RPSUHVRUMLLQSQHYPDWLþQL Compressors and pneumatic
VWURML machines
75.180.20 Predelovalna oprema Processing equipment
SIST EN ISO 10439:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10439
First edition
2002-10-15
Corrected version
2003-06-15
Petroleum, chemical and gas service
industries — Centrifugal compressors
Industries du pétrole, de la chimie et du gaz — Compresseurs centrifuges
Reference number
ISO 10439:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Basic design . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Casings. 7
4.3 Interstage diaphragms and inlet guide vanes. 8
4.4 Casing connections . 9
4.5 External forces and moments. 10
4.6 Rotating elements . 10
4.7 Bearings and bearing housings . 11
4.8 Shaft seals . 14
4.9 Dynamics . 22
4.10 “Lube” oil and seal oil systems. 29
4.11 Materials. 29
4.12 Nameplates and rotation arrows . 32
5 Accessories . 33
5.1 Drivers . 33
5.2 Couplings and guards . 34
5.3 Mounting plates. 34
5.4 Controls and instrumentation. 36
5.5 Piping and appurtenances . 41
5.6 Special tools . 42
6 Inspection, testing and preparation for shipment . 42
6.1 General . 42
6.2 Inspection . 43
6.3 Testing. 44
6.4 Preparation for shipment. 49
7 Vendor data. 50
7.1 General . 50
7.2 Proposals . 51
7.3 Contract data . 54
Annex A (informative) Typical data sheets . 56
Annex B (informative) Material specifications for major component parts. 81
Annex C (normative) Centrifugal compressor vendor drawing and data requirements. 86
Annex D (normative) Procedure for determination of residual unbalance. 95
Annex E (informative) Rotor dynamic logic diagrams . 102
Annex F (informative) Centrifugal compressor nomenclature. 106
Annex G (normative) Forces and moments. 107
Annex H (informative) Inspector's checklist . 110
Annex I (informative) Typical gas seal testing considerations. 112
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
Annex J (informative) Application considerations for active magnetic bearings. 114
Bibliography. 117
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10439 was prepared by a Joint Working Group of Technical Committees ISO/TC 118, Compressors,
pneumatic tools and pneumatic machines, and ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for
petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and systems.
Annexes C, D and G form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes A, B, E, F, H, I and J are for
information only.
In this corrected version of ISO 10439 an oversight which saw the words “Final Draft” and its abbreviation left in the
header of page 1 has been corrected.
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on the sixth edition of the American Petroleum Institute standard API 617.
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for
individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser
from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be
particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the
vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
vi © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10439:2002(E)
Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries — Centrifugal
compressors
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials,
fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of centrifugal compressors for use in the petroleum,
chemical and gas service industries. It is not applicable to machines that develop less than 35 kPa above
atmospheric pressure, nor is it applicable to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal air compressors, which are
covered in ISO 10442.
NOTE In this International Standard, where practical, US customary units have been included in brackets for information.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1)
ISO 1940-1:— , Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors — Part 1: Determination of
permissible residual unbalance
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure —
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3977-5, Gas turbines — Procurement — Part 5: Applications for petroleum and natural gas industries
ISO 5389, Turbocompressors — Performance test code
ISO 7005-2, Metallic flanges — Part 2: Cast iron flanges
ISO 8821, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Shaft and fitment key convention
ISO 9614 (both parts), Acoustics — Determination of sound pressure levels of noise sources using sound intensity
ISO 10437, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Special-purpose steam turbines for refinery service
ISO 10438 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Lubrication, shaft sealing and control-oil systems
ISO 10441, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Flexible couplings for mechanical power transmission —
Special purpose applications
ISO 13691, Petroleum and natural gas industries — High-speed special-purpose gear units
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 1940-1:1986)
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
IEC 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas
2)
API RP 550, Manual on installation of refinery instruments and control systems
API Std 670, Machinery protection systems, fourth edition
3)
ASME PTC 10, Test code on compressors and exhausters
4)
ASTM A 388/A 388M, Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings
ASTM A 578/A 578M, Standard specification for straight-beam ultrasonic examination of plain and clad steel plates
for special applications
ASTM A 609/A 609M, Standard practice for casting, carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel, ultrasonic
examination thereof
ASTM E 94, Standard guide for radiographic examination
ASTM E 165, Standard test method for liquid penetrant examination
ASTM E 709, Standard guide for magnetic particle examination
5)
ISA RP 12.4, Pressurized enclosures
6)
NACE MR 0175, Sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield equipment
7)
NFPA 496, Standard for purged and pressurized enclosures for electrical equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alarm condition
preset value of a parameter at which an alarm is actuated to warn of a condition requiring corrective action
3.2
axially split
casing or other component in which the main joint is parallel to the axis of the shaft
3.3
compressor rated point
point on the 100 % speed curve at the highest capacity of any specified operating point
NOTE The use of the word “design” in any term (such as design power, design pressure, design temperature, or design
speed) should be avoided in the purchaser's specification. This terminology should be used only by the equipment designer and
manufacturer.
2) American Petroleum Institute.
3) American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
4) American Society for Testing and Materials.
5) Instrument Society of America.
6) US National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
7) US National Fire Protection Association.
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
3.4
head
specific compression work
3.5
inlet volume flow
volume flow rate determined at the conditions of pressure, temperature, compressibility and gas composition,
including moisture, at the compressor inlet flange
3.6
maximum allowable temperature
maximum continuous temperature for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which
the term is referred) when handling the specified fluid at the specified pressure
3.7
maximum allowable working pressure
maximum continuous pressure for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which the
term is referred) when it is operating at the maximum allowable temperature
3.8
maximum continuous speed
highest rotational speed at which the machine is capable of continuous operation
3.9
maximum sealing pressure
highest pressure the seals are required to seal during any specified static or operating conditions and during start-
up and shutdown
3.10
minimum allowable speed
lowest speed at which the manufacturer's design will permit continuous operation
3.11
normal operating point
point at which usual operation is expected and optimum efficiency is desired
NOTE This will usually be the point at which the vendor certifies that performance is within the tolerances stated in this
International Standard.
3.12
normal speed
speed corresponding to the requirements of the normal operating point
3.13
100 % speed
highest speed required for any specified operating point
3.14
pressure design code
recognized pressure vessel standard specified or agreed by the purchaser (e.g. ASME VIII)
3.15
radially split
casing or other component in which the main joint is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft
3.16
stability
difference in inlet volume flow (as percentage of rated inlet volume flow) between the rated inlet volume flow and
the surge point at rated speed
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
3.17
settling out pressure
pressure of the compressor system when the compressor is shut down
3.18
shutdown condition
preset value of a parameter requiring automatic or manual shutdown of the system
3.19
trip speed
speed at which the independent emergency overspeed device operates to shut down a prime mover
NOTE For constant speed motor drivers, this is the speed corresponding to the synchronous speed of the motor at the
maximum frequency of the electrical supply.
3.20
turndown
percentage of change in inlet volume flow (referred to rated inlet volume flow) between the rated inlet volume flow
and the surge point inlet volume flow at the rated head, when the unit is operating at rated suction temperature and
gas composition
3.21
unit responsibility
responsibility for coordinating the technical aspects of the equipment train and all auxiliary systems
4 Basic design
4.1 General
4.1.1 A bullet (•) at the beginning of a clause indicates that the purchaser is required to make a decison or
provide information. This information should be indicated on the data sheets (see annex A).
4.1.2 The equipment (including auxiliaries) covered by this International Standard shall be designed and
constructed for a minimum service life of 20 years and at least 3 years of uninterrupted operation.
4.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the compressor vendor shall assume unit responsibility.
4.1.4 The compressor shall be designed to deliver required head and capacity at the normal operating point
without negative tolerance. The input power at the above condition shall not exceed 104 % of the predicted value
for this point.
NOTE See the optional performance test criteria in 6.3.6.2 and handling of excess head for constant speed drivers.
4.1.5 The head versus capacity characteristic curve (see Figure 1) shall rise continuously from the rated point to
the predicted surge. The compressor, without the use of a bypass, shall be suitable for continuous operation at any
capacity at least 10 % greater than the predicted approximate surge capacity shown in the proposal.
4.1.6 Cooling water systems, if required, shall be designed for the conditions specified in Table 1 unless
otherwise specified. Provision shall be made for complete venting and draining of the system.
The vendor shall notify the purchaser if the criteria for minimum temperature rise and velocity over heat exchange
surfaces result in a conflict. The criterion for velocity overheat exchange surfaces is intended to minimize the use of
cooling water. The purchaser shall approve the final selection.
4.1.7 The arrangement of the equipment, including piping and auxiliaries, shall be developed jointly by the
purchaser and the vendor. The arrangement shall provide adequate clearance areas and safe access for operation
and maintenance.
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
The head versus capacity curve at 100 % speed shall extend to at least 115 % capacity of the CRP. Head versus capacity curves
at other speeds shall be extended to equivalent capacity at each speed. For example, the head versus capacity curve at 105 %
speed shall be extended to 1,05 times 1,15 times capacity of the CRP; the head versus capacity curve at 90 % speed shall be
extended to 0,9 times 1,15 times capacity at the CRP; and so on. These points define the “approximate capacity limit” curve.
Except where specific numerical relationships are stated, the relative values implied in this figure are assumed values for
illustration only.
The 100 % speed is determined from the operating point requiring the highest head — point A in the illustration.
The compressor rated point (CRP) is the intersection on the 100 % speed line corresponding to the highest flow of any
operating point — point C in the illustration.
a
Refer to the applicable standard for the compressor driver (e.g. ISO 10437 or ISO 3977-5) for trip speed and minimum
operating speed limits.
b
See 4.9 for allowable margins of critical speeds to operating speeds.
c
The maximum continuous speed shall be 105 % for variable speed drivers. The maximum continuous speed shall be the
speed corresponding to the synchronous speed of the motor.
Figure 1 — Illustration of terms
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
Table 1 — Cooling water systems — Design requirements
Velocity over heat exchange surfaces 1,5 m/s to 2,5 m/s (5 ft/s to 8 ft/s)
Maximum allowable gauge working pressure W 500 kPa (75 psi)
Test gauge pressure W 750 kPa (110 psi)
Maximum inlet temperature 30 °C (90 °F)
Maximum temperature rise 20 K (35 °F)
2 2
Fouling factor on water side 0,35 m K/kW (0,002 h.ft °F/Btu)
Maximum pressure drop 100 kPa (15 psi)
Maximum outlet temperature 50 °C (120 °F)
Minimum temperature rise 10 K (20 °F)
Shell corrosion allowance 3,0 mm (⅛ in)
4.1.8 All equipment shall be designed to permit rapid and economical maintenance. Major parts such as casing
components and bearings housings shall be designed and manufactured to ensure accurate alignment on
reassembly. This may be accomplished by the use of shouldering, cylindrical dowels or keys.
4.1.9 The inner casing of radially split barrel type compressors shall be designed for easy withdrawal from the
outer shell and easy disassembly for inspection or replacement of parts.
z 4.1.10 The equipment, including all auxiliaries, shall be suitable for operation under the environmental conditions
specified by the purchaser. These conditions shall include whether the installation is indoors (heated or unheated)
or outdoors (with or without a roof), maximum and minimum temperatures, unusual humidity, and dusty or corrosive
conditions. For the purchaser's guidance, the vendor shall list in the proposal any special protection that the
purchaser is required to supply.
4.1.11 Control of the sound pressure level (SPL) of all equipment furnished shall be a joint effort of the purchaser
and the vendor. The equipment furnished by the vendor shall conform to the maximum allowable sound pressure
level specified by the purchaser.
z 4.1.12 The purchaser shall advise the vendor of any requirements for liquid injection.
4.1.13 Equipment shall be designed to run without damage to the trip speed and the maximum allowable working
pressure.
4.1.14 The machine and its driver shall perform on the test stand and on their permanent foundation within the
specified acceptance criteria. After installation, the performance of the combined units shall be the joint
responsibility of the purchaser and the vendor having unit responsibility.
4.1.15 Many factors (such as piping loads, alignment at operating conditions, supporting structure, handling during
shipment, and handling and assembly at site) may adversely affect site performance. To minimize the influence of
these factors, the vendor shall review and comment on the purchaser's piping and foundation drawings. If
specified, the vendor's representative shall
a) observe a check of the piping performed by parting the flanges,
b) check alignment at the operating temperature, and
c) be present during the initial alignment check.
z 4.1.16 Motors and all other electrical components and installations shall be suitable for the area classification
(zone) specified by the purchaser on the data sheets (see annex A), shall meet the requirements of IEC 60079-10
and shall comply with applicable local codes and regulations specified by the purchaser.
4.1.17 Spare parts for the compressor and all furnished auxiliaries shall meet all the criteria of this International
Standard.
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SIST EN ISO 10439:2004
ISO 10439:2002(E)
z 4.1.18 If specified, the compressor or compressors shall be suitable for field running on air. Performance
parameters, including any required precautions, shall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the vendor.
4.1.19 A guide to centrifugal compressor nomenclature is given in annex F.
z 4.1.20 The pressure design code shall be specified or agreed by the purchaser.
Pressure components shall comply with the pressure design code and the supplemental requirements given in this
International Standard.
z 4.1.21 The purchaser and the vendor shall agree on the measures to be taken in order to comply with
governmental regulations, ordinances or rules that are applicable to the equipment.
4.2 Casings
4.2.1 The thickness of the casing shall be suitable for the maximum allowable working and test pressures and
shall include at least a 3 mm corrosion allowance. The thickness of the casing shall not be less than that calculated
in accordance with the pressure design code.
4.2.2 The equipment feet shall be provided with vertical jackscrews and shall be drilled with pilot holes that are
accessible for use in final doweling.
4.2.3 Supports and alignment bolts shall be rigid enough to permit the machine to be moved by the use of its
lateral and axial jackscrews.
z 4.2.4 The maximum allowable working pressure of the casing shall be at least equal to the specified relief valve
setting; if a relief valve setting is not specified or if a relief valve is not installed, the maximum allowable working
pressure shall be at least 1,25 times the maximum specified discharge pressure.
NOTE System protection is normally provided by the purchaser.
4.2.5 Casings designed for more than one maximum allowable pressure level (split-p
...
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