SIST EN ISO 11064-5:2008
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
ISO 11064-5:2008 presents principles and gives requirements and recommendations for displays, controls, and their interaction, in the design of control-centre hardware and software.
Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5: Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Dieser Teil der ISO 11064 zeigt Prinzipien auf, legt Anforderungen fest und gibt Empfehlungen bezüglich der Anzeigen, Stellteile und deren Interaktion bei der Gestaltung von Hard und Software in Leitzentralen.
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes (ISO 11064-5:2008)
L'ISO 11064-5:2008 présente les principes et donne les exigences et les recommandations pour les dispositifs d'affichage, les commandes et leur interaction dans le processus de conception des matériels et des logiciels utilisés dans les salles de commande.
Ergonomsko načrtovanje krmilnih central - 5. del: Prikazovalniki in elementi za krmiljenje (ISO 11064-5:2008)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2008
(UJRQRPVNRQDþUWRYDQMHNUPLOQLKFHQWUDOGHO 3ULND]RYDOQLNLLQHOHPHQWL]D
NUPLOMHQMH ,62
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5: Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-
5:2008)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et
commandes (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11064-5:2008
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11064-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2008
ICS 13.180
English Version
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 5: Displays and
controls (ISO 11064-5:2008)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 5:
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes (ISO 11064- Anzeigen und Stellteile (ISO 11064-5:2008)
5:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
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This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
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© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11064-5:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11064-5:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11064-5:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 11064-5:2008 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11064-5
First edition
2008-07-01
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande —
Partie 5: Dispositifs d'affichage et commandes
Reference number
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principles. 6
5 Process for display and control specification. 15
5.1 Design process . 15
5.2 Design team and competencies . 15
5.3 Evaluation. 15
5.4 Iteration. 16
5.5 Design process steps. 16
6 Alarms — High-level requirements and recommendations . 17
6.1 General. 18
6.2 Structuring. 18
6.3 Presentation . 19
6.4 Interaction and handling requirements . 20
6.5 Documentation. 20
Annex A (informative) Guidelines. 22
A.1 Overview . 22
A.2 Guidance on presentation of information . 22
A.2.1 General. 22
A.2.2 Defining network boundaries . 24
A.2.3 Determining types and numbers of pages. 24
A.2.4 Developing formats . 26
A.2.5 Design elements . 29
A.2.6 Display devices . 30
A.3 Guidance on “user-interface interaction” .30
A.3.1 General. 30
A.3.2 Network management. 31
A.3.3 Page management . 32
A.3.4 Selecting dialogue types. 32
A.3.5 System response times. 33
A.4 Selecting control devices . 34
A.4.1 General. 34
A.4.2 List of features to be controlled . 35
A.4.3 Selection of control type. 35
A.4.4 Coding of controls. 35
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
A.5 “Soft” controls, overview displays, communications systems and CCTV. 35
A.5.1 Soft controls . 35
A.5.2 Overview displays. 36
A.5.3 Communications systems. 39
A.5.4 CCTV (closed-circuit TV) systems and presentation of pictorial images . 40
A.6 Guidance on alarm systems . 41
A.6.1 General . 41
A.6.2 Scope and objectives . 42
A.6.3 Alarm management process and procedures. 43
A.6.4 How to prioritize . 43
A.6.5 Management of change (MoC). 44
A.6.6 Roles and responsibilities. 44
A.6.7 Alarm system performance metrics and targets . 45
A.6.8 Monitoring and continuous improvement . 46
Bibliography . 47
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11064-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
ISO 11064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic design of control centres:
⎯ Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
⎯ Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites
⎯ Part 3: Control room layout
⎯ Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations
⎯ Part 5: Displays and controls
⎯ Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres
⎯ Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 11064 presents principles and processes to be adopted when designing the human-system
interface of a control centre. These interface considerations are relevant for operators, supervisors and
maintainers of systems. It is intended for use by individuals such as project managers, purchasers, systems
designers, specifiers and those developing operator interfaces.
The purpose of this part of ISO 11064 is to maximize the safe, reliable, efficient and comfortable use of
displays and controls in control centre applications. To this end, rules and recommendations based upon
ergonomic findings are established for
⎯ selecting the appropriate display and control types,
⎯ structuring and presenting information on screens and shared off-workstation displays, and
⎯ establishing control and dialogue procedures.
This part of ISO 11064 focuses on the main principles for the selection, design and implementation of controls,
displays and human-system interactions for control room operation and supervision. The wide range of control
and displays used in control rooms and the fast changes in technology make it impracticable to provide
requirements meeting all situations. The approach adopted here is to identify general principles of good
practice that will need to be supported by information accessed from human factors publications and other
ergonomics standards.
The use of displays and controls in control centres differs from that typically found in offices and other
non-control situations. Control centre activities are characterized by:
⎯ being driven by externally controlled events occurring within the process;
⎯ requiring an appropriate human response in real time — human reactions that are inadequate or too late
can cause environmental damage, serious personal injury (e.g. safety-critical situations), equipment
damage, lost production, decreased output quality or pollution of the environment;
⎯ controlling the dynamic behaviours of high-energy or hazardous physical and chemical processes;
⎯ involving information derived from a variety of sources;
⎯ including the monitoring of many complex process variables typically presented via multiple parallel visual
and auditory devices;
⎯ involving team work with resources both within and outside the control room.
For these reasons, the standards required in a control environment can need to be more stringent than those
of the typical office environment (i.e. as covered by ISO 9241).
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
This part ISO 11064 defines principles and specifies requirements to be applied when determining the most
appropriate displays and controls for control room functions. Thus, the application of this part of ISO 11064
ought to be of benefit to operators, operating companies, equipment purchasers, interface designers,
manufacturers and engineering firms as outlined below.
⎯ Operators and operating companies
Communication between operators and equipment will be more uniform across plants to which the
standard is applied. This can reduce training burdens and facilitate job rotations. Operator stress, and
situation-induced operator errors, can be reduced, thus improving operator efficiency and job satisfaction.
⎯ Purchasers of equipment
The buyer has standard criteria to use in judging and selecting any man-machine interface under
consideration and the material can be included in procurement requirements. Tighter control of
procurement offers project managers a reduction of risk.
⎯ Manufacturers of displays and controls
This part of ISO 11064 provides an agreed baseline from which manufacturers can develop and/or offer
products.
⎯ Engineering firms
Engineering firms or departments can reference a common set of guidelines and principles in the
selection and application of displays and controls to fit their particular needs. This part of ISO 11064 also
offers engineers and product developers advice in the design of displays and controls.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 5:
Displays and controls
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — Many of the topics covered by this part of ISO 11064 relate to
safety-critical matters. It may be advisable to seek professional advice in the interpretation of
requirements and the selection of appropriate solutions.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11064 presents principles and gives requirements and recommendations for displays,
controls, and their interaction, in the design of control-centre hardware and software.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9241-12, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 12:
Presentation of information
ISO 11064-1, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
ISO 11064-7, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres
ISO 13407, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alarm
high priority alert used to attract the operator’s attention to important deviations or abnormal events in system
operation
3.2
alert
method by which operators are notified of system events requiring a reaction or response
3.3
analogue display
display in which the status information is shown as a function of length, angle or other dimension
NOTE 1 In the case of visual displays, the information may be shown as a function of pointer deflection, length of a bar
graph, or similar visual quantity.
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9355-2:1999, definition 3.8.
EXAMPLE A physical variable (e.g. temperature) is represented by a bar. Its length corresponds to the current value
of the variable.
3.4
brightness
attribute of visual sensation associated with the amount of light emitted from a given area
NOTE It is the subjective correlate of luminance. See ISO/CIE 8995-1.
3.5
code
technique for representing information by a system of alphanumeric characters, graphical symbols or visual
techniques (e.g. font, colour or highlighting)
[ISO 9241-12]
3.6
coding
procedure within the design process by which categories of information are allocated to elements of a code
alphabet
NOTE These categories of information include the operation modes of machines (i.e. ON, OFF, standby, in alarm)
and the kinds of media within the pipes or vessels of a plant.
EXAMPLE Alphabet, shape, colour or size.
3.7
control, verb
purposeful action to affect an intended change in the system or equipment
EXAMPLE Adjusting set-point, changing the operation mode from ON to OFF.
3.8
control, noun
device that directly responds to an action of the operator, e.g. by the operator applying pressure
NOTE See also process control (3.25).
EXAMPLE Push button, mouse, track ball.
3.9
control room
core functional entity, and its associated physical structure, where control room operators are stationed to
carry out centralized control, monitoring and administrative responsibilities
[ISO 11064-3]
3.10
control room operator
individual whose primary duties relate to the conduct of monitoring and control functions, usually at a control
workstation, either on their own or in conjunction with other personnel both within the control room or outside
[ISO 11064-3]
3.11
control workstation
single or multiple working position, including all equipment such as computers and communication terminals
and furniture at which control and monitoring functions are conducted
[ISO 11064-3]
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.12
data
raw material from which a user extracts information
NOTE “Data” can include numbers, words and/or pictures, such as a view out of a window.
3.13
digital display
display in which the information is shown in numerical code
[EN 894-2]
3.14
display
device for presenting information that can change with the aim of making things visible, audible or
discriminable by tactile or proprioceptive perception
[ISO 11064-3]
NOTE See also Figure 1.
3.15
element
basic component used to make up formats such as abbreviations, labels, items, symbols, coding and
highlighting
[14]
NOTE 1 Based on NUREG-0700 .
NOTE 2 See also Figure 1.
3.16
event
any spontaneous transition from one discrete status to another
NOTE If the initial status is not displayed (i.e. it is normal), an event will be perceived as the occurrence of a defined
change of status. (“Occurrence” is here synonymous with a transition from one discrete status to another and “status” can
relate to either normal or abnormal conditions.)
3.17
format
pictorial display of information on visual display units (VDU) such as message text, digital presentation,
symbols, mimics, bar chart, trend graphics, pointers, multi-angular presentation
[IEC 60964]
NOTE For the purposes of ISO 11064, this term also covers auditory displays.
3.18
human-system interface
HIS
human-machine interface
HMI
all matters and procedures of a machine (or system) available for interaction with its (human) users
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.19
information
anything which is not known by a person in advance
NOTE 1 Information is extracted from data (3.12).
NOTE 2 Knowledge is required to interpret information.
NOTE 3 One example of another definition of information is “commodity that reduces the uncertainty”. The definition
used for the purposes of this part of ISO 11064 is essential for allocating the appropriate importance or quality value to
display elements.
3.20
interaction
dialogue
exchange of information between a user and a system via the human-system interface to achieve the
intended goal
3.21
mimic
mimic display
mimic diagram
simplified graphical depiction of a system by presenting its components and their interrelationships
EXAMPLE Piping diagram, rail network or road network.
3.22
monitoring
activity for the purpose of detecting deviations from normal operation (by checking variables, or their course
against limits, trends or the values of other variables) to enable timely and appropriate action for response
NOTE Monitoring of the process is performed either by a human being and/or by a control system.
3.23
overview display
high-level abstraction, or low level of detail, of the system status, covering the areas of responsibility
NOTE An overview display supports control room personnel in obtaining an overall view of systems status by
bringing to their attention significant changes in system conditions and presenting those that are important.
3.24
page
defined set of information that is intended to be displayed on a single display screen
[14]
NOTE 1 Based on NUREG-0700 .
NOTE 2 A window may form an entire page where it fills a single display screen. See Figure 1.
3.25
process control
monitoring and manipulation of variables influencing the behaviour of a process to conform to specified
objectives
NOTE 1 Operators use displays and controls in executing their activities of monitoring, control, and system
management.
NOTE 2 Process control is accomplished by regulation or manipulation of variables influencing the conduct of a
[15]
process in such a way as to obtain a product of desired quality and quantity in an efficient manner .
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
3.26
status
state
distinct condition of an object
NOTE The object can be a system, a process unit, a machine, etc. Conditions can be operation modes — either
normal (e.g. “on”, “closed”, “standby”) or abnormal (e.g. “disturbed”). They may be determined by checking values of
variables against limits (e.g. “too high” or “high alarm”).
3.27
symbol
letters, digits, pictorial representations or combinations of these, used for labelling a display's graduations, or
as a means of identifying the display itself
3.28
task
human activities required to achieve a goal
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.9.
NOTE 2 The task is accomplished by means of (several) jobs. The goal is specified by the organization responsible for
the human-machine system.
EXAMPLE Process control that pursues the goal of safe and economic operation of a production plant or passenger
safety for a transportation system.
3.29
visual display
display (in the sense of format) providing visual presentation of data, mappings or videos
NOTE Visual displays are classified in accordance with the presentation mode of single data (analogue, binary,
digital, hybrid) of a single datum. Complex data can be presented in graphic or alphanumeric dimension (2D, 3D) providing
a relation between time of view and time presented (“predictive” or “quickened” display).
3.30
window
independently controllable area on the display screen used to present objects and/or conduct a dialogue with
a user
[ISO 9241-16]
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Key
1 display screen
2 display
3 page (everything presented on a single display screen)
4 window (a single window can occupy an entire display screen)
5 format (e.g. mimic, bar chart, trend curve)
6 element (e.g. icon, label)
Figure 1 — Relationship between display, display screen, page, windows, format and elements
4 Principles
Principles for the ergonomic design of human-system interfaces, presented in Tables 1 to 3, are intended for
use in systems design, display design and interaction (or dialogue) design. These principles are grouped into
three categories:
⎯ general principles (Table 1, principles 1 to 8);
⎯ display-related principles (Table 2, principles 9 to 14);
⎯ control- and interaction-related principles (Table 3, principles 15 to 24).
While many of these principles are of general applicability in the domain of ergonomics, they have been
selected because of their particular relevance to control room design. For example, many are equally
applicable to office design, though the consequences of not applying them are unlikely to have the same
safety implications to be found in control rooms. The principles have been grouped such that the earlier ones
concern wider considerations, whereas those which follow are more specific. Inevitably, there are some
overlaps between different principles and their associated key questions — this does not detract from any
underlying need to meet the recommendations and requirements presented.
The “examples of key questions” in the tables are offered as examples of the type of features to be sought
when checking to see whether the principles have been met. They are not to be interpreted as requirements.
Specific guidance on application of the principles is presented in Annex A.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Table 1 — General principles
Principle Examples of key questions to be used for verification
1: System authority Has the requirement to ensure that the operators are always within the control “loop” been fully addressed, except when functions are
completely allocated to the machine?
The human operator shall at all times
Are all control functions required to cope with each situation available to the operator within a reasonable time?
be the highest authority in the human-
a
machine system.
Have all situations where systems might fail been analysed?
Does the system “patronize” the operator?
Does the system act without the operator’s initiative, thus hampering him/her in finishing or continuing a task (e.g. pre-empting him/her
by changing the displayed format automatically)?
Is the operator restricted from using the system in accordance with his/her wishes?
Are reasonable and feasible operator inputs rejected?
Are inputs changed by the system without further inquiry?
Is the system interruptible within 2 s by operator inputs, even when busy?
Can automated functions that have no effect on the controlled process be stopped (e.g. in a chemical plant, complex calculations for
simulation or forecast)?
Can those functions that have no influence to the production plant be undone?
Can the operator interact with the system (e.g. close or open windows) at any time?
2: Information requirements
Have underload and overload been analysed for both normal and abnormal operations?
Does the operator get the information required to accomplish his/her task in a timely and satisfactory way?
b
The operator at the human-system
interface shall be provided with all the
Has appropriate information been provided for the operator to maintain situational awareness?
information needed to accomplish
Does the operator have a permanent overview of the current status of the system he/she is responsible for?
his/her tasks.
Are any elements of the overview display obscured by windows?
Does the operator get sufficient and timely information to focus on any problem which may arise?
Is all the information presented relevant to the task?
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Table 1 (continued)
Principle Examples of key questions to be used for verification
Is the required exchange of information during shift changes minimized by the system?
Do the attention-getting measures match the urgency of the required response?
Are events requiring the operator’s urgent response also announced by an audible signal?
Are the different levels of attention-getting easily distinguishable?
Does the interface design avoid the obstruction of important information, e.g. safety-related information?
Has all the information required to complete a particular task been presented on a minimum number of displays?
Have necessary precautions been taken so that shared information can only be changed with mutual consent?
Have the requirements of all the potential users (e.g. maintenance engineers) been systematically evaluated?
3: Efficient human-system Is the user presented only with information necessary to complete the tasks?
interface
Have tasks that can easily be automated been allocated to the technical system?
The human-system interface shall
Are recurrent tasks executed by easily repeatable sequences?
support the user to complete his/her
c
Are CCTV (closed circuit TV) images presented taking full account of user requirements, e.g. use of split screens?
activities efficiently and effectively.
Are infrequently used tasks self-explanatory or supported by help information?
For skilled users, are shortcuts allowed?
Is easily available “help” support available to the operator? (this may be hard or soft)
Does the system allow the operator freedom to select between alternative input devices?
4: Human-centred design Is the amount of information to be acquired by the operator appropriate?
Over a short period (15 minutes), is the rate of message presentation to the operator restricted to a maximum of 15 per minute?
The human’s abilities, characteristics,
limitations, skills and task needs shall
Over periods longer than 15 minutes, has the rate of message presentation to the operator taken account of all the other activities
be primary considerations when
undertaken by the operator?
designing the human-system
Are those displayed events that prompt the operator for a reaction (i.e. alarms) prioritized according to the urgency of his/her required
interface.
response?
Have the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities been adequately analysed?
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Principle Examples of key questions to be used for verification
5: Application of ergonomic Are events that require the operator’s quick response presented in an appropriate manner?
principles
Are all events to which the operator has to respond easily perceptible and prioritized?
The information presented to the
Is the information organized in a way that is easily recognizable and understandable by the operator?
operator should be based on known
Has the balance between static and dynamic information been addressed (e.g. dynamic information given greater area)?
ergonomic principles to ensure that
the information is conveyed quickly
and accurately.
6: Mental models Is the operator provided with an overview of the system at all times?
Has the operator been trained about the operating concepts?
The users shall at all times be
provided with the necessary
Has the operator got enough knowledge about the system he/she is controlling?
information such that they are able to
maintain a comprehensive and robust Is the system predictable (e.g. responds in accordance with the expectations of the operator)?
mental model of the system and its
associated sub-systems.
7: Working “quality”
Do operators express job satisfaction and are they presented with a stimulating work environment?
Do operators express the wish to come to work?
The task created should promote job
satisfaction and provide both a
Do health and sickness records support the view that operators are satisfied with their jobs?
satisfying and challenging working
environment. Have both operator underloading and overloading been analysed?
8: Memory Is the “magic seven plus or minus two” rule followed?
Demands on the operator’s
short-term memory shall not exceed
known limitations.
a
Exception: No opportunity should be offered to override safety-critical systems; for instance, if the pressure in a pipe drops beyond a certain threshold, which indicates a leak in the pipe, the
valve is closed by the safety system. The operator should not be allowed to override the safety system.
b
The main focus is on control room operators.
c
Do not allocate, for example, the hourly compilation of measured values to the operator. If a strict relation exists between a condition and required reaction, it should be automated.
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
10 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Table 2 — Display-related principles
Principle Examples of key questions to be used for verification
9: Self-explanatory Has the application of “metaphors” been examined?
Has the information been presented as economically as possible (e.g. using a minimum of characters)?
The information presentation shall be
easily and unambiguously understood
Have superfluous elements been minimized (e.g. suppliers' logos)?
by appropriately trained users.
10: Coding Have known principles of coding been applied (size, shape, etc.)?
Has redundant coding been examined?
Where items need to be identified
individually, they shall be presented in
Have the principles of information grouping been applied?
such a manner that they are clearly
distinguishable. Is every object uniquely and unambiguously identifiable (e.g. display formats by name)?
11: Present true information Can the operator trust the information provided?
Does the system indicate invalid information?
Only valid information in terms of
time, origin and appropriate resolution
Is vital information verifiable by other means?
shall be displayed; where not
Is redundancy provided for safety-critical information?
practicable, this shall be indicated
(e.g. time of last measurement).
12: Attention-getting Are dynamic elements presented more obviously (i.e. more attention-getting than background information)?
Have appropriate decisions been made in the allocation of auditory or visual displays?
The level of attention applied to a
particular item of information should
Has account been taken of ambient noise, etc.?
be matched to the importance of that
Has care been taken to avoid confusion between attention-getting sources?
information for the operator and the
safety of the system.
Has the presentation of critical and infrequent alarms been properly taken into account?
Have priority levels been applied to avoid overloading the operator?
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Principle Examples of key questions to be used for verification
13: Consistency Is the screen design consistent with predictable locations for system responses?
Has account been taken of the need to achieve consistency between different media (e.g. liquid crystal displays (LCD), plasma,
The same information presented on
cathode ray tubes (CRT) and printed material)?
different displays should be
consistent with respect to such
Are response times predictable?
features as location, coding
Are the same objects to be recognized at various levels of display hierarchy designed so that they are clearly legible and recognizable
(e.g. colour coding), behaviour
at all levels of magnification or zoom?
principles and access and navigation
principles.
Are the same terms, colours and arrangements consistently applied for equipment, events and states?
Is the system predictable and does it respond in accordance with the expectations of the operator?
Are controls consistently applied for all states and conditions of system operation?
Are the soft control systems consistent and compatible with the rest of the human-system interface?
14. Information coding Are the different states and priorities clearly differentiated?
Does the display present information clearly and unambiguously?
Information coding shall be
discriminable, legible, clear, concise,
Are codes applied which are already in use by the operator?
consistent, conspicuous and
Are labels located close to the objects they relate to?
comprehensible.
Has the information been structured in accordance with the activity to be accomplished?
Does the presentation of information on the human-system interface allow for an intuitive understanding of its relationships to other
information presented elsewhere?
ISO 11064-5:2008(E)
12 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Table 3 — Control- and interaction-related principles
Principles Examples of key questions to be used for verification
15. Avoid “flying blind” Can only objects present on the screen be manipulated?
Are all responses to all control actions appropriately displayed?
The objects under control shall always
a
be displayed.
Has adequate consideration been given to the recording and handover of information that is not on the system?
Are inputted commands that might have serious consequences displayed for confirmation before execution?
Are dependent system responses shown to the operator?
16: Simplicity
Are the interactions with the system based on simple, easily u
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