SIST EN 14825:2012
(Main)Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance
This European Standard specifies the terms, definitions, rating conditions and requirements of variable capacity air conditioners and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors.
Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung - Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der jahreszeitbedingten Leistungszahl
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm behandelt Luftkonditionierer, Wärmepumpen und Flüssigkeitskühlsätze.
Sie gilt für werkseitig hergestellte Geräte nach EN 14511-1:2011, mit Ausnahme von Einkanal-
Luftkonditionierern, Schaltschrankkühlgeräten und Verfahrens-Luftkonditionierern.
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung des Bezugswertes der saisonalen
Arbeitszahl im Kühlbetrieb SEER und SEERon und des Bezugswertes der saisonalen Arbeitszahl im Heizbetrieb
SCOP, SCOPon und SCOPnet.
Derartige Berechnungsverfahren können auf Rechen- oder Messwerten beruhen.
Im Fall von Messwerten behandelt diese Europäische Norm Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung von Leistungen,
EER- und COP-Werten im Aktiv-Modus unter Teillastbedingungen. Außerdem behandelt sie Prüfverfahren zur
Ermittlung der Leistungsaufnahme im Betriebszustand „Temperaturregler AUS“, im Bereitschaftsmodus und
im Betriebszustand mit Kurbelgehäuseheizung.
Die vorliegende Norm dient als Vorgabe zur Berechnung der systembezogenen Energieeffizienz im Heizbetrieb
von spezifischen Wärmepumpensystemen in Gebäuden, wie in der Norm EN 15316-4-2 festgelegt.
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux - Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnière
La présente Norme européenne couvre les essais des climatiseurs, pompes à chaleur et groupes
refroidisseurs de liquide. Elle s'applique aux appareils fabriqués en usine définis dans l'EN 14511-1:2011,
excepté les appareils à simple raccordement, les appareils pour armoire de commande et les appareils pour
enceinte contrôlée.
La présente norme donne les méthodes de calcul pour la détermination de l'efficacité frigorifique saisonnière
SEER et SEERon et du coefficient de performance saisonnier SCOP, SCOPon et SCOPnet.
De telles méthodes de calcul peuvent être basées sur des valeurs mesurées ou calculées.
Dans le cas de valeurs mesurées, la présente Norme européenne couvre les méthodes d’essai relatives à la
détermination des puissances, EER et COP pendant le mode actif aux conditions de charge partielle. Elle
couvre également les méthodes d’essai relatives à la consommation d’énergie électrique en mode arrêt par
thermostat, en mode veille et en mode dispositif de chauffage de carter.
La présente Norme européenne sert d'entrée pour le calcul de l'efficacité frigorifique des systèmes en mode
chauffage des systèmes de pompes à chaleur spécifiques dans les bâtiments, comme stipulé dans la norme
EN 15316-4-2.
Klimatske naprave, enote za tekočinsko hlajenje in toplotne črpalke z električnimi kompresorji za segrevanje in hlajenje prostora - Preskušanje in ocenitev ob delni obremenitvi ter izračun letnega učinka
Ta evropski standard se nanaša na klimatske naprave, toplotne črpalke in enote za tekočinsko hlajenje. Uporablja se za tovarniško izdelane enote, določene v standardu EN 14511-1:2011, razen za enote z enim vodom, enote s stikalno omarico in enote za neposredni nadzor. V tem evropskem standardu so navedene metode za izračun referenčne sezonske energetske učinkovitosti SEER in SEERon ter referenčnih sezonskih koeficientov učinkovitosti SCOP, SCOPon in SCOPnet. Takšne metode izračuna lahko temeljijo na izračunanih ali izmerjenih vrednostih. V primeru izmerjenih vrednosti ta evropski standard zajema preskusne metode za določanje zmogljivosti, vrednosti EER in COP med aktivnim delovanjem ob delnih obremenitvenih pogojih. Prav tako zajema preskusne metode za porabo električne energije enote ob izključenem termostatu, v stanju pripravljenosti in v načinu grelnika ohišja med sezono hlajenja. Ta evropski standard se uporablja za vhodne podatke za izračun sistemske energetske učinkovitosti v načinu ogrevanja, in sicer za posebne sisteme toplotnih črpalk v stavbah, kot določa standard EN 15316-4-2.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung - Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der jahreszeitbedingten LeistungszahlClimatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux - Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnièreAir conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance91.140.30VLVWHPLVentilation and air-conditioning27.080Heat pumps23.120QDSUDYHVentilators. Fans. Air-conditionersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14825:2012SIST EN 14825:2012en,fr,de01-julij-2012SIST EN 14825:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14825:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14825:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14825
March 2012 ICS 27.080; 91.140.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 14825:2003English Version
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux - Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnière
Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung - Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der saisonalen Arbeitszahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 January 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14825:2012: ESIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms, definitions, symbols, abbreviated terms and units .63.1 Terms and definitions .63.2 Symbols, abbreviated terms and units . 134 Part load conditions in cooling mode . 154.1 General . 154.2 Air-to-air units . 154.3 Water-to-air units and brine-to-air units . 154.4 Air-to-water units . 164.5 Water-to-water and brine-to-water units. 165 Part load conditions in heating mode . 175.1 General . 175.2 Air-to-air units . 185.3 Water-to-air and brine-to-air units . 195.4 Air-to-water units . 205.4.1 General . 205.4.2 Low temperature application . 215.4.3 Medium temperature application . 245.4.4 High temperature application . 265.4.5 Very high temperature application. 295.5 Water-to-water and brine-to-water units. 315.5.1 General . 315.5.2 Low temperature application . 325.5.3 Medium temperature application . 355.5.4 High temperature application . 385.5.5 Very high temperature application. 416 Calculation methods for reference SEER and reference SEERon . 436.1 General formula for calculation of reference SEER . 436.2 Calculation of the reference annual cooling demand (Qc) . 446.3 Calculation of reference SEERon . 446.4 Calculation procedure for determination of EERPL values at part load conditions B, C, D . 456.4.1 General . 456.4.2 For air-to-air & water-to-air units . 456.4.3 Air-to-water, water-to-water & brine-to-water units . 467 Calculation methods for reference SCOP, reference SCOPon and reference SCOPnet. 477.1 General formula for calculation of reference SCOP. 477.2 Calculation of the reference annual heating demand (Qh) . 477.3 Calculation of reference SCOPon and reference SCOPnet . 487.4 Calculation procedure for determination of COPPL values at part load conditions A, B, C, D. 507.4.1 General . 507.4.2 For air-to-air, brine-to-air and water-to-air units . 507.4.3 For air-to-water, water-to-water and brine-to-water units. 51SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 3 8 Test methods for testing capacities, EERPL and COPPL values during active mode at part load conditions . 528.1 General . 528.2 Basic principles . 528.3 Uncertainties of measurement . 538.4 Test procedures for units with fixed capacity . 548.4.1 General . 548.4.2 Air-to-air and water-to-air units – Determination of the degradation coefficient Cd . 548.4.3 Air-to-water units and water-to-water units – Determination of the degradation factor Cc . 558.5 Test procedure for variable capacity units (air-to-air, air-to-water, water-to-air, water/brine-to-water) . 568.5.1 Air-to-air & water-to-air units . 568.5.2 Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water units . 569 Test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat off mode, standby mode and crankcase heater mode . 569.1 Measurement of electric power consumption during thermostat off mode . 569.2 Measurement of the electric power consumption during standby mode . 579.3 Measurement of the electric power consumption during crankcase heater mode . 579.4 Measurement of the electric power consumption during off mode . 5710 Test report . 5711 Technical data sheet . 57Annex A (informative)
Calculation example for reference SEERon and reference SEER –Application of an air-to-air unit with variable capacity . 58A.1 Calculation of SEERon . 58A.2 Calculation of SEER . 59A.2.1 Calculation of reference annual cooling demand (Qc) according to Equation (2) . 59A.2.2 Calculation of reference SEER according to Equation (1) . 59Annex B (informative)
Calculation example for reference SCOPon and reference SCOPnet of a fixed capacity air-to-water heat pump used for floor heating . 60Annex C (informative)
Adaption of water temperature for fixed capacity units . 64Annex D (informative)
Determination of reference annual cooling/heating demands and determination of hours for active mode, thermostat off, standby, off mode and crankcase heater mode . 67D.1 General track . 67D.2 Determination of reference annual cooling/heating demands and hours for active mode, thermostat off, standby, off mode . 67D.3 Hours used for crankcase heater mode . 69Annex E (informative)
Compensation method for air-to-water and water/brine-to-water units . 70E.1 General . 70E.2 Compensation system for reduced capacity test in cooling mode . 70E.3 Compensation system for reduced capacity test in heating mode . 71Bibliography . 72 SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14825:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 113 “Heat pumps and air conditioning units”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14825:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 5 Introduction Heat pumps, air conditioners and liquid chilling packages are, at present, selected and compared at a rated condition. This condition does not represent the usual operating conditions of the equipment over a season. This operating condition can be better assessed by comparing equipment at representative reduced capacities and determining the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio and Seasonal Coefficient of Performance. Fixed capacity heat pumps, air conditioners and liquid chilling packages deal with varying loads by varying the operation time. The efficiency of the system is dependent on the effectiveness of the controlling thermostats. Variable capacity air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, by continuous or step control of the compressor, can more closely match the varying load improving system efficiency. This European Standard provides part load conditions and calculation methods for calculating the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEERon) and Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOPon and SCOPnet) of such units when they are used to fulfil the cooling and heating demands. Other energy consumptions can occur when the unit is not used to fulfil the cooling and heating demands such as those from a crank case heater or when the unit is on standby. These consumptions are considered in the calculation methods for reference SEER and reference SCOP. Reference SEER/SEERon and reference SCOP/SCOPon/SCOPnet calculations may be based on calculated or tested values. In case of tested values, this European Standard gives the methods for testing heat pumps, air conditioners and liquid chilling packages at part load conditions. The rating conditions and test methods of units operating at rated and application capacities are given in EN 14511-2 and EN 14511-3:2011. The methods for calculation of system energy efficiencies for specific heat pump systems in buildings are given in EN 15316-4-2. SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1:2011, except single duct, control cabinet and close control units. This European Standard gives the calculation methods for the determination of reference seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon and reference seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet. Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values. In case of measured values, this European Standard covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat off mode, standby mode and crankcase heater mode. This European Standard serves as an input for the calculation of the system energy efficiency in heating mode of specific heat pump systems in buildings, as stipulated in the standard EN 15316-4-2. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14511-1:2011, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling
Part 1: Terms and definitions EN 14511-2, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling
Part 2: Test conditions EN 14511-3:2011, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling
Part 3: Test methods 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, abbreviated terms and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14511-1:2011 (unless otherwise stated) and the following apply. 3.1.1 reference design conditions for cooling Tdesignc temperature conditions at 35 ºC dry bulb (24 ºC wet bulb) outdoor temperature and 27 ºC dry bulb (19 ºC wet bulb) indoor temperature 3.1.2 reference design conditions for heating Tdesignh temperature conditions for average, colder and warmer climates Note 1 to entry: average = -10ûC, colder = -22ûC, warmer = 2ûC SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 7 3.1.3 full load Pdesign cooling (Pdesignc) or heating (Pdesignh) load of the building at Tdesign conditions
Note 1 to entry: It is possible to calculate the SEER/SEERon or SCOP/SCOPon/SCOPnet of a unit for more than one Pdesign value. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kW. 3.1.4 part load cooling or heating load of the building which is less than the full load 3.1.5 part load ratio part load or full load divided by the full load Note 1 to entry: If 100 % part load ratio is mentioned, this equals full load. 3.1.6 declared capacity DC cooling (or heating) capacity a unit can deliver at any temperature condition A, B, C, D, E or F, as declared by the manufacturer Note 1 to entry: This is the capacity delivered by the refrigerant cycle of the unit without supplementary electric heaters, even if those are integrated in the unit. Note 2 to entry: The temperature conditions for part load conditions A, B, C, D, E or F are explained in the tables. 3.1.7 capacity ratio CR cooling (or heating) part load or full load divided by the declared cooling (or heating) capacity of the unit at the same temperature conditions 3.1.8 reference cooling season representative climate profile by temperature bins for cooling corresponding to the reference design conditions for cooling Note 1 to entry: The climate profile for cooling is explained in Table 36. 3.1.9 reference heating season(s) representative climate profile(s) by temperature bins for heating corresponding to the reference design conditions for heating Note 1 to entry: There are three reference heating seasons: “A” average, “C” colder and “W” warmer. The climate profiles for heating are explained in Table 37. SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 8 3.1.10 bin hours hj sum of all hours occurring at a given temperature for a specific location Note 1 to entry: The number is rounded to a whole number and is derived from representative weather data over the 1982-1999 period. Note 2 to entry: For the reference heating seasons the specific locations are Strasbourg (average), Helsinki (colder) and Athens (warmer). 3.1.11 bivalent temperature Tbivalent lowest outdoor temperature point at which the heat pump is declared to have a capacity able to meet 100 % of the heating capacity demand Note 1 to entry: Below this point, the unit may still deliver capacity, but additional back up heating is necessary to fulfil the full heating capacity demand.
3.1.12 operation limit temperature TOL lowest outdoor temperature at which the heat pump can still deliver heating capacity, as declared by the manufacturer 3.1.13 reference annual cooling demand Qc representative annual cooling demand which is used for the calculation of reference SEER Note 1 to entry: For certain types of units, Qce is calculated by multiplying the full load value in cooling (Pdesignc) by the number of equivalent cooling hours. This is explained in Annex D. Note 2 to entry: The representative annual cooling demand is based on an estimated average use pattern. This is explained in Annex D.
Note 3 to entry: Expressed in kWh. 3.1.14 reference annual heating demand(s) Qh representative annual heating demand(s) which are used for the calculation of reference SCOP Note 1 to entry: There are three reference heating demands: “A” average, “C” colder and “W” warmer, corresponding to the three reference heating seasons. Note 2 to entry: For certain types of units, Qh is calculated by multiplying the full load value in heating (Pdesignh) by the number of equivalent heating hours. This is explained in Annex D. Note 3 to entry: The representative annual heating demand is based on an estimated average use pattern. This is explained in Annex D.
Note 4 to entry: Expressed in kWh. SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 9 3.1.15 energy efficiency ratio at declared capacity EERDC declared cooling capacity of the unit divided by the effective power input of a unit at specific temperature conditions A, B, C, D
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in kW/kW, see Tables 2 to 5. 3.1.16 energy efficiency ratio at part load EERPL cooling capacity at part load or full load conditions divided by the effective power input of a unit at specific temperature conditions
Note : to entry: The EER includes degradation losses when the declared capacity of the unit is higher than the cooling capacity demand. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kW/kW. 3.1.17 coefficient of performance at declared capacity COPDC declared heating capacity of the unit divided by the effective power input of a unit at specific temperature conditions, A, B, C, D, E and F, where applicable.
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in kW/kW. 3.1.18 coefficient of performance at part load COPPL heating capacity at part load or full load divided by the effective power input of a unit at specific temperature conditions
Note 1 to entry: When the declared capacity of the unit is higher than the heating demand, the COP includes degradation losses. When the declared capacity of the unit is lower than the heating demand (i.e. below the bivalent temperature condition), the COP of the declared capacity is used. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kW/kW. 3.1.19 seasonal energy efficiency ratio SEER seasonal efficiency of a unit calculated for the reference annual cooling demand, which is determined from mandatory conditions given in this European Standard and used for marking, comparison and certification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For calculation of SEER, the electricity consumption of a unit is used, including the electricity consumption during active mode, thermostat off mode, standby mode and that of the crankcase heater. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kWh/kWh. SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 10 3.1.20 active mode energy efficiency ratio SEERon seasonal efficiency of a unit in active cooling mode which is determined from mandatory conditions given in this European Standard and used for marking, comparison and certification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For calculation of SEERon, the electricity consumption during active mode is used. This excludes the power consumption during thermostat off mode, standby mode or that of the crank case heater. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.21 seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP seasonal efficiency of a unit calculated for the reference annual heating demand(s), which is determined from mandatory conditions given in this European Standard and used for marking, comparison and certification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For calculation of SCOP, the electricity consumption of a unit is used, including the power consumption during active mode, thermostat off mode, standby mode, that of the crankcase heater and where required that of an additional electric back up heater, regardless whether this back up heater is included in the unit or not. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.22 active mode coefficient of performance SCOPon seasonal efficiency of a unit in active heating mode which is determined from mandatory conditions given in this European Standard and used for marking, comparison and certification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For calculation of SCOPon, the electricity consumption during active mode is used. This excludes the power consumption during thermostat off mode, standby mode or that of the crank case heater. The power consumption of an electric back up heater is added for the part load conditions where the declared capacity of the unit is lower than the heating load, regardless whether this back up heater is included in the unit or not. Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.23 Net seasonal coefficient of performance SCOPnet seasonal efficiency of a unit in active heating mode without supplementary electric heaters which is determined from mandatory conditions given in this European Standard and used for marking, comparison and certification purposes
Note 1 to entry: For calculation of SCOPnet, the electricity consumption during active mode is used. This excludes the power consumption during thermostat off mode, standby mode or that of the crank case heater. For the part load conditions where the declared capacity of the unit is lower than the heating load, the power consumption of a back up heater is not included.
Note 2 to entry: Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.24 electric back up heater elbu supplementary electric heater, with a COP of 1, considered in the calculation of SCOP and SCOPon, regardless of whether this is supplied together with the unit SIST EN 14825:2012
EN 14825:2012 (E) 11 3.1.25 application SEER and application SEERon SEER and SEERon that takes into account the specific application and the specific location of the unit, which are different from the ones used for determining the reference SEER and reference SEERon given in this European Standard Note 1 to entry: The calculation procedures used to determine the application SEERon, if required, are those in this European Standard for reference SEERon. However, the cooling bins used in the calculations will be those of the actual location of the building. The cooling loa
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