SIST EN 12272-2:2004
(Main)Surface dressing - Test methods - Part 2: Visual assessment of defects
Surface dressing - Test methods - Part 2: Visual assessment of defects
This European Standard specifies methods of assessment of the defects which may occur with a surface dressing. The assessment of the defects evaluates the condition or performance of the surface dressing and, thus, gives an indication on the durability of the surface dressing. This standard is applicable to all surface dressings (roads, airfields and other trafficked areas). The checklist in Annex A (normative) is a preliminary to the test method.
Oberflächenbehandlung - Prüfverfahren - Teil 2: Visuelle Beurteilung von Inhomogenitäten
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt Verfahren für die Beurteilung von Fehlern, die bei einer Oberflächenbehandlung auftreten können. Die Beurteilung der Fehler dient zur Bewertung des Zustandes oder der Wirksamkeit der Oberflächenbehandlung und folglich als Hinweis auf die Haltbarkeit der Oberflächenbehandlung. Diese Norm ist auf sämtliche Oberflächenbehandlungen anwendbar (Straßen, Flugplätze und andere Verkehrsflächen). Der im Anhang A (normativ) angegebene Aufnahmebogen ist eine Vorstufe des Prüfverfahrens.
Enduits superficiels d'usure - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 2: Evaluation visuelle des défauts
La présente norme européenne spécifie des méthodes d'évaluation des défauts que peuvent présenter un enduit superficiel d'usure. L'évaluation des défauts consiste a examiner l'état ou les performances de l'enduit superficiel d'usure, ce qui permet ainsi de disposer d'une indication de la durabilité de l'enduit. La présente norme est applicable a tous les enduits superficiels d'usure (routes, aérodromes et autres zones de circulation). La liste de contrôle donnée en annexe A (normative) est remplie avant de mettre en oeuvre la méthode d'essai.
Površinske prevleke - Preskusne metode - 2. del: Vizualna ocena pomanjkljivosti
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Površinske prevleke - Preskusne metode - 2. del: Vizualna ocena pomanjkljivostiOberflächenbehandlung - Prüfverfahren - Teil 2: Visuelle Beurteilung von InhomogenitätenEnduits superficiels d'usure - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 2: Evaluation visuelle des défautsSurface dressing - Test methods - Part 2: Visual assessment of defects93.080.20Materiali za gradnjo cestRoad construction materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12272-2:2003SIST EN 12272-2:2004en01-junij-2004SIST EN 12272-2:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12272-2June 2003ICS 93.080.20English versionSurface dressing - Test methods - Part 2: Visual assessment ofdefectsEnduits superficiels d'usure - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 2:Evaluation visuelle des défautsOberflächenbehandlung - Prüfverfahren - Teil 2: VisuelleBeurteilung von InhomogenitätenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12272-2:2003 ESIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)2ContentsPageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Visual assessment of defects.84.1General.84.2Qualitative assessment.84.2.1Procedure.84.3Quantitative assessment.94.3.1Fatting up, tracking, bleeding, scabbing, and tearing.94.3.2Fretting.104.3.3Streaking.115Expression of results.115.1General.115.2Qualitative assessment.115.3Quantitative assessment.115.3.1Fatting up, tracking and bleeding.115.3.2Scabbing and tearing.125.3.3Fretting.125.3.4Streaking.126Test report.12Annex A (normative)
Qualitative assessment.13Annex B (normative)
Quantitative assessment.14Bibliography.15SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12272-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 "Road materials", thesecretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by December 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby December 2005.This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:EN 12272-1, Surface dressing — Test methods — Part 1: Rate of spread and accuracy of spread of binder andchippingsEN 12272-2, Surface dressing — Test methods — Part 2: Visual assessment of defectsEN 12272-3, Surface dressing — Test method
— Part 3: Determination of binder aggregate adhesivity by the Vialitplate shock test methodAnnexes A and B are normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard is applicable to all surface dressings (roads, airfields and other trafficked areas) andspecifies qualitative and quantitative methods of the visual assessment of defects of surface dressing.The results of the qualitative evaluation carried out by visual assessment when specified shall be reported in annexA. This is a rapid practical test and may be specified as the primary test so that if the results are obvious or arewithout any doubt the more time consuming quantitative test method may be avoided. The quantitative test methodshall be carried out when specified and the table of results in annex B reported.The visual assessment reports for both methods have identical records and thus both may be used to check thespecification for visual assessment of defects (prEN 12271-4). The rapid qualitative test methods is dependent onthe skill and experience of the operator and therefore the repeatability and the reproducibility values will not be asprecise, but the convenience of the method and lack of disruption to traffic will ensure its use.The national application document may state whether either or both or sequentially the qualitative and quantitativetests are to be used and may relate this to types of site (for example lightly trafficked roads may not be required tobe quantitatively assessed).The test may be used to evaluate the durability or performance of a surface dressing. For example fretting mayindicate poor adhesion of the binder to chippings.2 Normative referencesNot applicable.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1mosaicarrangement of chippings such that they are in shoulder to shoulder contact and are thus supported laterallyNOTEThe initial stability of a surface dressing is dependent upon the formation of a close mosaic and the cohesion andadhesion of the binder. Subsequent durability is gained by re-orientation of the chippings by traffic to form a tight mosaic, andsufficient binder to secure the chippings to the existing road surface before the onset of embedment.3.2embedmentprocess whereby chippings are forced into an existing road surface by the action of traffic (see Figure 1) resultingin a reduction of macrotexture with time, which is rapid in the first summer and thereafter stabilises for welldesigned surface dressingsNOTEFactors affecting embedment are increased traffic, especially heavy goods vehicles, increases the rate of embedment; road hardness: cement concrete, for example, does not allow embedment; summer months, when the average road temperature is higher, results in softer roads with less resistance to embedment; size of chippings: large chippings reduce the rate of embedment;SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)5 traffic speed: slow traffic experienced on hills and at junctions increases embedment by extending the loading time.Conversely, fast traffic, such as that in the overtaking lane of a dual carriageway, results in less embedment; shaded areas: a reduction in average road temperature reduces embedment;SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)6 Figure 1a — No embedment (very hard substrate and/or low traffic volume)Figure 1b — Typical embedmentFigure 1c —Fatting up (nearly total embedment soft substrate chipping size too small – poor design)Key1Road surface level before treatment2Blackened surface (especially in wheel tracks) and loss of texture3Chippings embedded by trafficFigure 1 - EmbedmentKey1Road surface level before treatment2Typical bituminous globules at the surface3Binder flowFigure 2 — Bleeding3.3defectstate of a surface dressing where the mosaic is covered by binder as in the case of fatting up, tracking andbleeding or is disrupted as in the case of scabbing, tearing, fretting or streaking (see 3.4 to 3.10)NOTEDefects also occur due to poor methods of construction such as inadequate traffic control. Surface dressings arevulnerable to traffic stress in their early life before the binder has sufficient cohesion or emulsion binders have had a chance tobreak. Turning of the chippings by warm rubber tyres on exposed binder leads to disruption of the mosaic, scabbing and tearingoften with an appearance similar to tracking.
Missed areas and ridges caused by overlaps and other installation faults such aspoor traffic management should in any case be picked up by the contractor’s factory production control document.SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)73.4fatting upresult of almost total embedment (see Figure 1a, b, c)NOTEThe result of fatting up is an undesirable smooth surface (loss of macrotexture) often with excess binder at thesurface leading to a very low skid resistance. Fatting up in the wheel tracks is known as tracking and is caused by channelisedtraffic.3.5trackingfatting up in the wheel tracks caused by channelised traffic, sometimes initiated by bleeding or poor constructiontechniques3.6bleedingexudation of bituminous binder from a road surface (see Figure 2)NOTE 1The binder rises to the surface through the mosaic of chippings. This is especially noticeable with low viscosityfluxed bituminous binders.NOTE 2Bleeding is more likely to occur with binder rich substrates.NOTE 3High road temperatures, low viscosity binder, excess binder, and water pressure causing stripping of the binderfrom underlying materials are the common causes of bleeding.NOTE 4The result of bleeding is an undesirable smooth surface (loss of macrotexture) often with excess binder at thesurface leading to a very low skid resistance. The effect is similar to fatting up although not restricted to the wheel tracks and thecauses are different.3.7scabbingdetachment of both binder and chippings after application from the existing road surfaceNOTE 1Scabbing often occurs when the surface of the existing road is contaminated with mud, oil, dust, animal droppings,etc.NOTE 2Scabbing also occurs when the existing road surface is too wet for successful adhesion of the binder.NOTE 3Scabbing may occur when adhesion of the dressing to the existing road is less than the cohesion of the binder inthe mosaic. This is noticeable on roads where bleeding has taken place and traffic has torn away areas of binder and chippingsat points of high traffic stress.3.8tearingconcentrated (localised) loss of chippings from the mosaic of a completed surface dressing or excessive frettingover a continuous area of more than 0,01 m2NOTE 1Excessive fretting on badly constructed asphalt patch-repairs or areas under trees, is a common problem that maybe corrected by careful design.NOTE 2Tearing may occur at points of high traffic stress.NOTE 3Tearing may occur as a result of snow or ice removal.3.9frettingrandom loss of chippings from the mosaic of a completed surface dressing. Concentrated loss of chippings over acontinuous area of more than 0,01 m2 is not random loss and is considered as tearingNOTE 1Fretting occurs mainly where there is insufficient binder to hold the chippings. It is particularly noticeable when theexisting road surface varies in macrotexture, porosity or road hardness.SIST EN 12272-2:2004
EN 12272-2:2003 (E)8NOTE 2When surface dressing does not stabilise to form a mosaic of chippings,
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