SIST EN 13588:2018
(Main)Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test
Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test
This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders for surface dressing application at temperatures in the range of (- 10 oC) to (+ 80 °C) and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature.
This method is applicable for pure bitumen, modified bitumen and fluxed bitumen; in the case of fluxed bitumen, the test can be performed on the binder containing fluxant or on binder from which the solvent has been removed. For bitumen emulsions, the test is carried out on the residual binder obtained after recovery and the method used to recover the binder should be reported.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Kohäsion von bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln mit der Pendelprüfung
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Messung der Kohäsion von bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln bei Temperaturen im Bereich von −10 °C bis +80 °C und für die Angabe der Abhängigkeit der Kohäsion von der Temperatur fest.
Im Falle verschnittener und gefluxter bitumenhaltiger Bindemittel sowie von Bitumenemulsionen kann das geprüfte Bindemittel das Ergebnis einer spezifischen Destillation, eines Rückgewinnungs- und/oder Stabilisierungsverfahrens sein.
Dieses Verfahren ist auch für Bindemittel anwendbar, die einem speziellen Alterungsverfahren unterzogen wurden.
WARNUNG Die Anwendung dieser Europäischen Norm kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Diese Europäische Norm beansprucht nicht, alle damit verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieser Europäischen Norm, vor ihrer Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen, und dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass behördliche und gesetzliche Maßnahmen eingehalten werden.
Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Détermination de la cohésion des liants bitumineux par la méthode du mouton-pendule
La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode pour la mesure de la cohésion des liants bitumineux sur une plage de températures comprises entre (+ 10 °C) et (+ 70 °C) et pour l’expression de la relation entre la cohésion et la température.
Dans le cas des liants bitumineux fluidifiés et fluxés et pour les émulsions de bitumes, le liant soumis à essai peut être le résultat d’une procédure spécifique de distillation, de récupération et/ou de stabilisation.
La méthode peut également être appliquée aux liants qui ont subi une procédure de vieillissement spécifique.
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation de la présente Norme européenne implique l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. La présente Norme européenne n'est pas censée aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
Bitumen in bitumenska veziva - Določanje kohezijskih lastnosti bitumenskih veziv s preskusom z nihalom
Ta evropski standard določa metodo merjenja kohezijskih lastnosti bitumenskih veziv pri nanašanju na površine pri temperaturah od (–10 °C) do (+80 °C) in za izražanje razmerja med kohezijskimi lastnostmi in temperaturo.
Ta metoda se uporablja za čisti, modificirani in raztopljeni bitumen. Pri raztopljenem bitumnu se lahko preskus opravi z vezivom, ki vsebuje fluksant, ali vezivom, iz katerega je bilo odstranjeno topilo. Pri bitumenskih emulzijah je treba preskus opraviti z ostankom veziva, ki je pridobljeno po obnovi, in poročati o metodi, uporabljeni za pridobivanje veziva.
OPOZORILO: Uporaba tega standarda lahko vključuje nevarne materiale, postopke in opremo. Ta evropski standard ne obravnava vseh varnostnih težav, ki se nanašajo na njegovo uporabo. Za vzpostavitev ustreznih varnostnih in zdravstvenih praks ter za določitev uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo je odgovoren uporabnik tega evropskega standarda.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Kohäsion von bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln mit der PendelprüfungBitumes et liants bitumineux - Détermination de la cohésion des liants bitumineux par la méthode du mouton-penduleBitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test91.100.50Veziva. Tesnilni materialiBinders. Sealing materials75.140Voski, bitumni in drugi naftni proizvodiWaxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13588:2017SIST EN 13588:2018en,fr,de01-januar-2018SIST EN 13588:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13588:20081DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13588:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13588
November
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{ uä r z rä t r Supersedes EN
s u w z zã t r r zEnglish Version
Bitumen and bituminous binders æ Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test Bitumes et liants bitumineux æ Détermination de la cohésion des liants bitumineux par la méthode du moutonæpendule
Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel æ Bestimmung der Kohäsion von bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln mit der Pendelprüfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on
y August
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s u w z zã t r s y ESIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols . 6 5 Principle . 7 6 Apparatus . 8 7 Procedure. 12 7.1 Preparation of cubes and supports . 12 7.2 Preparation of the binder for test . 12 7.3 Preparation of the test assemblies . 12 7.4 Storage of the assemblies . 13 7.5 Adjustment of the pendulum . 13 7.6 Measurement . 13 7.6.1 General . 13 7.6.2 Number of test repetitions at a given temperature . 14 7.6.3 Determination of an average value for
’ . 14 7.6.4 Special precautions . 14 7.7 Selection of test temperatures . 15 7.7.1 Initial selection . 15 7.7.2 Determination of the maximum cohesion and associated temperature . 15 7.7.3 Determination of a full cohesion curve down to a limit cohesion value CL . 15 8 Expression of results . 15 8.1 General . 15 8.2 Determination of the maximum cohesion and associated temperature . 16 8.3 Determination of the low and high temperature values corresponding to a given cohesion limit CL . 16 9 Precision . 17 9.1 General . 17 9.2 Unmodified bitumen . 17 9.3 Polymer modified bitumen . 17 10 Test report . 18 Annex A (informative)
Example system for keeping the cubes in place . 19 Figure A.1 — Use of a magnet to keep the cubes correctly positioned . 19 Annex B (informative)
Example work sheet . 20 Annex C (normative)
Drawing details . 21 Bibliography . 22 SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 13588:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13588:2008. This document contains the following main changes compared to EN 13588-2008: — More extensive description of the types of binders to which the test is applicable and reduction of the scope in terms of temperature range (Clause 1); — Normative references are updated (Clause 2 and Bibliography); — More precise description on how to determine peak cohesion and its associated temperature. More precise description on how to determine the end points of a full cohesion curve (value CL of cohesion) and the associated temperatures (Tlow and Thigh). This leads to modifications in Clause 4, Clause 5 (Figure 1) and Clause 10 as well as in Clause 7 (selection of test temperatures) and Clause 8 (introduction of Figures 6 and 7); — Dials graduated in grades and equipment with digital display are allowed (6.1.3); — Clarification on the estimated number of needed test assemblies (6.1.4); A NOTE is introduced under Clause 6.3 to recommend the use of stainless steel cubes and cube supports and warn against the risk of adhesive failure when water baths are used. Storage times in liquid or air baths are revised (7.4); — 6.4 (thermometer) is discarded since this clause is not called by the test procedure and temperature control requirements are already covered by 6.3; — Greater emphasis is given to the control and reporting of the thermal history of the test sample (7.2.3 and 10); — More detailed instructions on how to prepare (7.3) and store (7.4) the test assemblies. Introduction of a new informative Annex describing a possible feature for maintaining cubes in place; — Clarification on the number of test assemblies to be tested and the definition of a valid result (7.6.1, 7.6.2 and 8.1); —
Possibility is given for a simplified determination of an average value for
’ (7.6.3); — Improved explanations on special precautions which may have to be taken (7.6.4); SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 4 — Figures 3, 4 and 5 are corrected so as to be in agreement with 6.1.4 and 7.5; — Worksheet in Annex B is no longer mandatory and required in the test report (Clause 10) but is given as an example. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 5 Introduction The cohesion is one of the measures of the performance of a bituminous binder. It is important to use binders which have a sufficient level of cohesion according to the level of traffic to be supported. Cohesion test with the pendulum has originally been developed for surface dressing however it can be used for any type of binder which is to be used in different types of road applications. Knowledge of cohesion enables the choice of binder type for given traffic and site conditions. This European Standard describes the method for determining the cohesion of a bituminous binder with a pendulum and how to draw the cohesion curve as a function of temperature. SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders at temperatures in the range of (+ 10 °C) to (+ 70 °C) and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature. In the case of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders and for bituminous emulsions, the tested binder may be the result of a specific distillation, recovery and/or stabilization procedure. The method may also be applied to binders which have undergone a specific ageing procedure. WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Sampling bituminous binders EN 1427, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the softening point - Ring and Ball method EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Preparation of test samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cohesion energy per unit area required to fully detach a cube from the support, with the previously-bonded faces of cube and support remaining fully covered by binder Note 1 to entry: If the cube remains attached to the support after the test, the value measured by the test is always less than the actual cohesion value. In such case, the test result can however be used to establish that the binder has more than a specified minimum value of cohesion. 4 Symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the following symbols apply.
angle indicated by the device after launching the pendulum and impacting a cube placed on and adhered to the support by binder
angle indicated by the device after launching the pendulum and impacting a cube with binder, placed on but not adhered to the clean support C cohesion of the binder determined for a specified temperature CL limit value of cohesion at the low and high temperature end-points of the cohesion curve Cm maximum value of cohesion at the top of the curve SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 7 E energy required to remove a cube placed on and adhered to the support by binder E ’ energy required to remove a cube with binder, placed on but not adhered to the clean support g acceleration due to gravity Mx (Tx, Cx) measurement point at a temperature Tx giving a cohesion Cx m mass of pendulum Tlow temperature of the test associated to the limit value of cohesion at the low temperature end of the cohesion curve Thigh temperature of the test associated to the limit value of cohesion at the high temperature end of the cohesion curve Tm temperature of the test associated to the maximum value of cohesion r radius at the centre of gravity of the pendulum s breaking area 5 Principle A 10 mm side steel cube is fixed to a steel support by a film of binder of 1 mm thickness. The assembly is brought to the test temperature and the cube is dislodged by the impact of a swinging pendulum. The energy absorbed by rupture of the binder is calculated from the angle () of swing of the pendulum. The determination is performed over a range of temperatures allowing the determination of the cohesion peak of the binder (Cm, Tm) and, optionally, the description of a full cohesion curve between two limiting temperatures (Tlow and Thigh) corresponding to a limit value (CL) of cohesion (see Figure 1).
Key C cohesion, J/cm2 T temperature, °C Figure 1 — Cohesion versus temperature SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 8 6 Apparatus 6.1 Cohesion tester, comprising the elements specified in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4. 6.1.1 Base, set in a horizontal position by means of height adjustment screws and a spirit level, and carrying: — an adjustable quick-release clamping device to hold the test assembly firmly to the base; — two vertical supports carrying the pendulum, attached to the base; — a locking system holding the pendulum in a parked position of (4,0 ± 1,0)° or (4,0 ± 1,0) grade angle with the vertical; — a removable protective cage constructed to allow the pendulum to swing without impediment whilst retaining dislodged cubes. NOTE In some cases, when performing the test, the cube may not be removed entirely by the pendulum and become the cause for damage when struck by the returning pendulum. To avoid this, it is advised to equip the tester with a pendulum-catching device able to stop the pendulum after it has reached its point of return. 6.1.2 A pendulum, having the form and dimensions specified in Figure 2 capable of rotating freely on a horizontal shaft held in ball bearings in the supports. The mounting for the bearings are adjustable so that the impact edge of the pendulum can be closely adjusted for freedom of swing and height with respect to the test specimen. a) Pendulum mass: (1 925 ± 95) g; The mass of the pendulum shall be noted and declared in the report of results. b) Height from shaft axis to the point of impact: (500 ± 1) mm; c) Radius at the pendulum centre of gravity to the shaft: (295 ± 2) mm. 6.1.3 A device allowing to record the maximum swing position of the pendulum. This can be a pointer on the pendulum support shaft driven forward by the pendulum but held by an adjustable friction device at the point of maximum swing until manually reset. The end point position of the balance position of the pendulum. If a dial graduated in grades is used, all the specific angle values referred to in degrees by this standard need to be converted into their equivalent in grades. The maximum swing position of the pendulum may also be recorded through a digital device allowing a resolution of at least 0,5° or 0,5 grade. 6.1.4 Cubes and cube supports, steel, to the forms and dimensions shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, serrated on the faces to be coated with binder. Figure 5 shows typical serrations and angles for the cubes and cube supports. The mass of any cube is (9,0 ± 0,5) g. The precise details for the serrations are not mandatory and alternative configurations may be used provided they do not result in adhesion failure between binder and cube or support during testing. A minimum of six test assemblies, consisting of a cube attached by a film of binder to the cube support, are required for each test temperature (7.6.2). The number of test temperatures will depend on the information SIST EN 13588:2018
EN 13588:2017 (E) 9 to be generated. For cohesion peak only, it is safe to foresee at least 5 × 6 = 30 assemblies (i.e. cubes and cube supports) whereas for the optional determination of a full cohesion curve this number may have to be extended to at least 9 × 6 = 54 assemblies. 6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a set temperature of from 60 °C up to a temperature equal to 90 °C above the ring and ball softening point (EN 1427) of the respective binder under test with an accuracy of ± 5 °C. 6.3 Thermostatically controlled enclosure(s), incubator air bath(s) or liquid bath(s), capable of maintaining the set temperature within ± 1,0 °C over the range (+ 10 °C) to (+ 70 °C). NOTE The use of a liquid bath requires the use of stainless-steel cu
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