SIST EN 14781:2006
(Main)Racing bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods
Racing bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods
This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of racing bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacture's instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This European Standard applies to racing bicycles intended for high-speed amateur use on public roads, and on which the saddle can be adjusted to provide a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more.
This European Standard does not apply to mountain bicycles and to specialised types of racing bicycle such as tandems or bicycles designed and equipped for use in sanctioned competitive events.
NOTE For bicycles with a saddle height of = 435 mm see EN 71 and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm see EN 14765.
Rennräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Leistung und die Sicherheitstechnik für Rennräder
hinsichtlich ihrer Konstruktion, ihrer Montage und der Prüfverfahren für diese Fahrräder und deren Baugruppen
fest und enthält Anleitungen zur Benutzung und Pflege dieser Fahrräder.
Sie gilt für Rennräder für nicht-professionelle Benutzung bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten auf der Straße mit einer
maximalen Sattelhöhe von 635 mm oder mehr.
Sie gilt nicht für Mountainbikes und Spezialrennräder wie Tandem-Fahrräder oder Fahrräder, deren Konstruktion
und Ausstattung die Benutzung im genehmigten Wettbewerb vorsieht.
ANMERKUNG Fahrräder mit einer Sattelhöhe von weniger als 435 mm siehe EN 71 und mit einer maximalen Sattel-
höhe über 435 mm bis 635 mm siehe prEN 14765.
Bicyclettes de course - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
La présente norme européenne prescrit les exigences de sécurité et de performance a observer lors de la conception, de l’assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes de course et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices pour les instructions du fabricant concernant l'utilisation et l'entretien de celles-ci.
La présente norme européenne s'applique aux bicyclettes de course conçues pour une utilisation amateur a vitesse élevée sur la voie publique et sur lesquelles la selle peut etre réglée pour offrir une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale a 635 mm.
La présente norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux bicyclettes tout terrain ni aux bicyclettes de course spécialisées telles que les tandems ou les bicyclettes conçues et équipées pour etre utilisées dans des compétitions réglementées.
NOTE Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur de selle est inférieure a 435 mm, se reporter a la norme EN 71 ; pour une hauteur maximale de selle comprise entre 435 mm et 635 mm, se reporter a la norme prEN 14765.
Tekmovalna kolesa – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Racing bicycles - Safety requirements and test methodsTekmovalna kolesa – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metodeBicyclettes de course - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essaiRennräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14781:2005SIST EN 14781:2006en97.220.4043.150ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14781:200601-september-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14781November 2005ICS 43.150 English VersionRacing bicycles - Safety requirements and test methodsBicyclettes de course - Exigences de sécurité et méthodesd'essaiRennräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen undPrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14781:2005: E
EN 14781:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Requirements and test methods.8 4.1 Brake tests and strength tests – special requirements.8 4.1.1 Definition of brake tests.8 4.1.2 Definition of strength tests.8 4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests.9 4.1.4 Accuracy tolerances of test conditions for brake tests and strength tests.9 4.2 Sharp edges.9 4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners.9 4.3.1 Security of screws.9 4.3.2 Minimum failure torque.9 4.4 Crack detection methods.9 4.5 Protrusions.10 4.5.1 Requirement.10 4.5.2 Test method.12 4.6 Brakes.12 4.6.1 Braking-systems.12 4.6.2 Hand-operated brakes.12 4.6.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements.15 4.6.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies – security test.16 4.6.5 Brake adjustment.16 4.6.6 Hand-operated braking-system – strength test.16 4.6.7 Braking performance.16 4.6.8 Brakes – heat-resistance test.32 4.7 Steering.33 4.7.1 Handlebar – dimensions.33 4.7.2 Handlebar grip-areas, grips and plugs.33 4.7.3 Handlebar-stem – insertion-depth mark or positive stop.33 4.7.4 Handlebar stem-extension to fork-stem – clamping requirements.33 4.7.5 Steering stability.34 4.7.6 Steering assembly – static strength and security tests.34 4.7.7 Handlebar and stem assembly – fatigue test.40 4.8 Frames.42 4.8.1 Suspension-frames – special requirements.42 4.8.2 Frame and front fork assembly – impact test (falling mass).43 4.8.3 Frame and front fork assembly – impact test (falling frame).45 4.8.4 Frame – fatigue test with pedalling forces.47 4.8.5 Frame – fatigue test with horizontal forces.48 4.9 Front fork.49 4.9.1 General.49 4.9.2 Means of location of the axle and wheel retention.50 4.9.3 Suspension-forks – special requirements.50 4.9.4 Front fork – static bending test.51 4.9.5 Front fork – rearward impact test.51 4.9.6 Front fork – bending fatigue test.52 4.9.7 Forks intended for use with hub- or disc-brakes.53
EN 14781:2005 (E) 3 4.9.8 Tensile test for a non-welded fork.55 4.10 Wheels and wheel/tyre assemblies.56 4.10.1 Rotational accuracy.56 4.10.2 Wheel/tyre assembly – clearance.56 4.10.3 Wheel/tyre assembly – static strength test.57 4.10.4 Wheel retention.58 4.10.5 Wheels – quick-release devices – operating features.59 4.11 Rims, tyres and tubes.60 4.11.1 Tyre inflation pressure.60 4.11.2 Tyre and rim compatibility.60 4.11.3 Tubular tyres and rims.60 4.11.4 Rim wear.60 4.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system.60 4.12.1 Foot retention.60 4.12.2 Pedal clearance.60 4.12.3 Pedal/pedal-spindle assembly – static strength test.61 4.12.4 Pedal-spindle – impact test.62 4.12.5 Pedal/pedal-spindle – dynamic durability test.63 4.12.6 Drive-system – static strength test.64 4.12.7 Crank assembly – fatigue test.65 4.13 Saddles and seat-pillars.66 4.13.1 General.66 4.13.2 Limiting dimensions.66 4.13.3 Seat-pillar – insertion depth mark or positive stop.67 4.13.4 Saddle/seat-pillar – security test.67 4.13.5 Saddle – static strength test.68 4.13.6 Saddle and seat-pillar clamp – fatigue test.68 4.13.7 Seat-pillar – fatigue test.69 4.14 Drive-chain.71 4.15 Chain-guard.71 4.15.1 General.71 4.15.2 Requirement.71 4.15.3 Chain-wheel disc diameter.72 4.15.4 Chain protective device.72 4.15.5 Combined front gear-change guide.72 4.16 Spoke protector.73 4.17 Lighting systems and reflectors.73 4.17.1 Lighting and reflectors.73 4.17.2 Wiring harness.73 4.18 Warning device.73 4.19 Handling and operation of fully-assembled bicycle.73 4.19.1 Requirement.73 4.19.2 Test method.73 5 Manufacturer's instructions.74 6 Marking.75 6.1 Requirements.75 6.2 Durability test.75 6.2.1 Requirement.75 6.2.2 Test method.75 Annex A (informative)
Explanation of the method of least squares for obtaining line of best fit
and ± 20 % limit lines for braking performance linearity.76 Annex B (informative)
Steering geometry.79 Bibliography.80
EN 14781:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14781:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2006. This European Standard is completely new and is one of a series being produced to cover all types of bicycle: EN 14764 City and trekking bicycles — Safety requirements and test methods TC 333 WI 00333002 Cycles - Vocabulary — Terminology (ISO 8090: 1990 Modified) EN 14765 Bicycles for young children — Safety requirements and test methods EN 14781 Racing bicycles — Safety requirements and test methods prEN 15194 Cycles — Electrically power assisted cycles — EPAC bicycle According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14781:2005 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe, and the aim has been to ensure that bicycles manufactured in compliance with it will be as safe as is practically possible. The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects from the design stage onwards. The scope has been limited to safety considerations, and has specifically avoided standardisation of components. If the bicycle is used on public roads national regulations apply.
EN 14781:2005 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of racing bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacture's instructions on the use and care of such bicycles. This European Standard applies to racing bicycles intended for high-speed amateur use on public roads, and on which the saddle can be adjusted to provide a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more. This European Standard does not apply to mountain bicycles and to specialised types of racing bicycle such as tandems or bicycles designed and equipped for use in sanctioned competitive events. NOTE For bicycles with a saddle height of ≤ 435 mm see EN 71 and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm see EN 14765. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out ISO 5775-1, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 1: Tyre designations and dimensions ISO 5775-2, Bicycle tyres and rims — Part 2: Rims ISO 7636, Bells for bicycles and mopeds — Technical specifications ISO 9633, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cycle any vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.2 bicycle two-wheeled cycle 3.3 tandem bicycle with saddles for two or more riders, one behind the other 3.4 fully-assembled bicycle bicycle fitted with all components necessary for its intended use
EN 14781:2005 (E) 7 3.5 racing-bicycle bicycle having a steering assembly with multiple grip positions allowing for an aerodynamic posture, a multi-speed transmission system, tyre width not greater than 28 mm, and a maximum mass of 12 kg for the fully assembled bicycle 3.6 maximum saddle height vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-pillar set to the minimum insertion depth [EN 71-1:1998] 3.7 suspension fork front fork incorporating controlled, axial flexibility to reduce the transmission of road-shocks to the rider 3.8 suspension-frame frame incorporating controlled, vertical flexibility to reduce the transmission of road-shocks to the rider 3.9 braking distance distance travelled by a bicycle between the commencement of braking (3.10) and the point at which the bicycle comes to rest 3.10 commencement of braking point on the test track or test machine at which the brake actuating device operated directly by the rider’s hand or foot or by a test mechanism starts to move from its rest position, on the test track this point being determined by the first brake actuating device (front or rear) to operate 3.11 braking force FBr tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test machine 3.12 rim-brake brake in which brake-shoes act on the rim of the wheel 3.13 hub-brake brake which acts directly on the wheel-hub 3.14 disc-brake brake in which pads are used to grip the lateral face of a thin disc attached to or incorporated in the wheel-hub 3.15 secondary brake levers any system that enables the rider to operate the brakes with the hands applied away from the main braking grip position 3.16 wheel assembly or combination of hub, spokes or disc, and rim, but excluding the tyre 3.17 pedal tread-surface surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot
EN 14781:2005 (E) 8 3.18 quick-release pedal (quick-release device) pedal that presents a system for attachment to the shoe that can be released by foot-movement alone 3.19 crank assembly for fatigue testing it consists of the two cranks, the pedal-spindle adaptors, the bottom-bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system, e.g. the chain-wheel set 3.20 aerodynamic extensions extension (or extensions) secured to the handlebar, stem, or other part to improve the rider’s aerodynamic posture 3.21 visible crack crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye 3.22 fracture unintentional separation into two or more parts 3.23 wheel-base distance between the axes of the front and the rear wheels of an un-laden bicycle 3.24 public road any designated and adopted road, pavement, path, or track on which a bicycle is legally permitted to travel, and on most though not all of which, bicycles will share use with other forms of transport including motorised traffic 3.25 toe-clip device attached to the pedal to grip the toe end of the rider's shoe but permitting withdrawal of the shoe 3.26 highest gear gear ratio which gives the greatest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks
3.27 lowest gear gear ratio which gives the shortest distance travelled for one rotation of the cranks 4 Requirements and test methods 4.1 Brake tests and strength tests – special requirements 4.1.1 Definition of brake tests Brake tests to which accuracy requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those specified in 4.6.2.2.3 to 4.6.6.2 inclusive and 4.6.7.5.1.3. 4.1.2 Definition of strength tests Strength tests to which accuracy requirements apply, as in 4.1.4, are those involving static, impact or fatigue loading as specified in 4.7 to 4.13 inclusive and 14.17.2.
EN 14781:2005 (E) 9 4.1.3 Numbers and condition of specimens for the strength tests In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of these tests on the same sample with the sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact. When more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded in the test report or record of testing. NOTE It should be noted that if more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier tests can influence the results of subsequent tests. Also, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct comparison with single testing is not possible. In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully-finished condition. 4.1.4 Accuracy tolerances of test conditions for brake tests and strength tests Unless stated otherwise, accuracy tolerances based on the nominal values shall be as follows:
Forces and torgues……………
0/+5 %
Masses and weights……………± 1 %
Dimensions…………………….± 1 mm
Angles……………………………± 1°
Time duration……………………± 5 s
Temperatures……………………± 2 °C
Pressures………………….± 5 %
4.2 Sharp edges Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider’s hands, legs etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp. 4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners 4.3.1 Security of screws Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems or screws used to attach generators, brake-mechanisms and mudguards to the frame or fork or handlebar, and the saddle to the seat- pillar shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g. lock-washers, lock-nuts, or stiff nuts. NOTE Fasteners used to assemble hub and disc brakes should have heat-resistant locking devices. 4.3.2 Minimum failure torque The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar-stems, bar-ends, seats and seat-pillars shall be at least 50 % greater than the manufacturer’s recommended tightening torque. 4.4 Crack detection methods Standardised methods may be used to emphasise the presence of cracks where visible cracks are specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this European Standard. See 3.21. NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452.
EN 14781:2005 (E) 10 4.5 Protrusions 4.5.1 Requirement 4.5.1.1 Exposed protrusions Any rigid exposed protrusion longer than 8 mm (see L in Figure 1) after assembly except: a) the front gear-change mechanism at the chain wheel; b) the gear-change mechanism at the rear wheel; c) the rim-brake mechanism at the front and rear wheels; d) a lamp-bracket fitted on the head-tube; e) reflectors; f) toe-clips and toe-straps; g) clip-less attachment mechanism; h) chain wheels and rear sprockets; i) water bottle cage shall terminate in a radius, R (see Figure 1), of not less than 6,3 mm. Such protrusions shall have a major end dimension, A, not less than 12,7 mm and a minor dimension, B, not less than 3,2 mm. 4.5.1.2 Exclusion zone, protective devices and screw threads There shall be no protrusions on the top tube of a bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, with the exception that control cables no greater than 6,4 mm in diameter and cable clamps made from material not thicker than 4,8 mm may be attached to the top tube. Foam pads attached to the bicycle frame to act as protective cushions are permitted, provided that the bicycle meets the requirements for protrusions when the pads are removed. A screw thread that is an exposed protrusion shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating part.
EN 14781:2005 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres
Key R ≥ 6,3 A ≥ 12,7 B ≥ 3,2 Figure 1 — Examples of minimum dimensions of exposed protrusion (these apply when L is greater than 8 mm)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Exposed protrusion test cylinder
EN 14781:2005 (E) 12
Key 1 Test cylinder 2 Protrusion shall comply 3 Protrusion need not comply Figure 3 — Examples of protrusions 4.5.2 Test method Conduct the test with a protrusion test cylinder (which simulates a limb) having the dimensions shown in Figure 2. Manoeuvre the test cylinder in all possible attitudes towards any rigid protrusion on the bicycle. If the central 75 mm long section of the cylinder contacts the protrusion, that protrusion shall be conside
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.