SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
(Main)Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2008)
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2008)
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the closed-cup flash point of combustible liquids having flash points between 30,0 °C and 70,0 °C, inclusive. However, the precision given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range 5,0 °C to 66,5 °C. This International Standard is not applicable to water-borne paints, which can, however, be tested using ISO 3679.
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit geschlossenen Tiegel nach Abel (ISO 13736:2008)
Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung des Flamm¬punktes im geschlossenen Tiegel für brennbare Flüssigkeiten, deren Flammpunkt zwischen-30 °C und 70 °C liegt. Die Präzisionsangaben für dieses Verfahren gelten jedoch nur für den Flammpunktbereich -5 °C bis 66,5 °C.
Diese Norm ist nicht anwendbar für Wasserlacke. Der Flammpunkt von Wasserlacken kann nach ISO 3679 [4] bestimmt werden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Wenn auf die Anwesenheit geringer Mengen an leichtflüchtigen Bestandteilen geprüft werden soll, kann dieses Verfahren ein erster Test sein.
ANMERKUNG 2 Flüssigkeiten, die halogenierte Bestandteile enthalten, können anormale Ergebnisse ergeben.
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos (ISO 13736:2008)
L'ISO 13736:2008 spécifie une méthode de détermination du point d'éclair en vase clos des combustibles liquides dont les points d'éclair sont compris entre -30,0 °C et 70,0 °C inclus. La fidélité donnée pour la méthode ne s'applique toutefois qu'aux points d'éclair compris entre -5,0 °C et 66,5 °C.
L'ISO 13736:2008 n'est pas applicable aux peintures à base d'eau, qui peuvent néanmoins être testées en utilisant l'ISO 3679.
Določevanje plamenišča - Metoda z zaprto posodo po Abelu (ISO 13736:2008)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
01-december-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 13736:1998
'RORþHYDQMHSODPHQLãþD0HWRGD]]DSUWRSRVRGRSR$EHOX ,62
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2008)
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit geschlossenen Tiegel nach Abel (ISO
13736:2008)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos (ISO 13736:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13736:2008
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
SIST EN ISO 13736:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13736
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2008
ICS 75.080 Supersedes EN ISO 13736:1997
English Version
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO
13736:2008)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit
(ISO 13736:2008) geschlossenen Tiegel nach Abel (ISO 13736:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13736:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
EN ISO 13736:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
EN ISO 13736:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13736:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 "Petroleum
products and lubricants" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels,
lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by
NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13736:1997.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13736:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13736:2008 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13736
Second edition
2008-09-15
Determination of flash point — Abel
closed-cup method
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode Abel en vase clos
Reference number
ISO 13736:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Term and definition. 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Chemicals and materials. 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 3
8 Sampling. 4
9 Sample handling . 4
10 Procedure . 4
11 Calculation. 7
12 Expression of results . 7
13 Precision. 7
14 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Abel flash-point apparatus . 9
Annex B (normative) Positioning and fixing of test cup and heating vessel thermometers into
thermometer collar . 14
Annex C (normative) Thermometer specifications. 16
Annex D (informative) Apparatus verification . 18
Bibliography . 21
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13736 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13736:1997), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
Introduction
Flash-point values can be used in shipping, storage, handling and safety regulations, as a classification
property to define “flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definition of the classes is given in each
particular regulation.
A flash-point value can indicate the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or non-
flammable material, and flash-point testing can be a preliminary step to other investigations into the
composition of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate that flash-point determinations be carried out on potentially unstable, decomposable, or
explosive materials, unless it has been previously established that heating the specified quantity of such
materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash-point apparatus within the temperature range
required for the method do not induce decomposition, explosion or other adverse effects.
Flash-point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of
the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used and the operational procedure carried out. Flash
point can, therefore, be defined only in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can
be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from that
specified.
[6] [7]
ISO/TR 29662 (CEN/TR 15138 ) gives useful advice in carrying out flash-point tests and interpreting
results.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13736:2008(E)
Determination of flash point — Abel closed-cup method
CAUTION — The use of this International Standard can involve hazardous materials and equipment.
This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the closed-cup flash point of
combustible liquids having flash points between − 30,0 °C and 70,0 °C, inclusive. However, the precision
given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range − 5,0 °C to 66,5 °C.
This International Standard is not applicable to water-borne paints, which can, however, be tested using
[4]
ISO 3679 .
NOTE 1 See 4.1 for the importance of this test to avoid loss of volatile materials.
NOTE 2 Liquids containing halogenated compounds can give anomalous results.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170:2004, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171:1988, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Term and definition
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, corrected to a barometric pressure of 101,3 kPa, at which application of
a test flame causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite momentarily and the flame to propagate across the
surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
4 Principle
4.1 General
Since it is necessary to detect the presence of small proportions of highly volatile materials, this test should be
the first determination on a received sample to help avoid the loss of these volatile materials.
4.2 Test principle
The test portion is placed in the test cup of an Abel apparatus and heated to give a constant temperature
increase with continuous stirring. A small test flame is directed through an opening in the test cup cover at
regular temperature intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The lowest temperature at which
application of the test flame causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and propagate over the surface of
the liquid is recorded as the flash point at the ambient barometric pressure. The temperature is corrected to
standard atmospheric pressure using an equation. Separate test procedures are defined for liquids with
expected flash points between − 30,0 °C and 18,5 °C, inclusive, and between 19,0 °C and 70,0 °C, inclusive.
5 Chemicals and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for the removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.
NOTE The choice of solvent depends on the previous material tested and the tenacity of the residue. Low-volatility
aromatic (benzene-free) solvents can be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents can be efficacious for the
removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Coolant, ethanediol (ethylene glycol), glycerol or silicone oil (optional), for use in the cooling bath or in
the Abel apparatus.
See 10.1.2.
5.3 Silicone lubricant (optional), to inhibit the formation of ice crystals on the lid and shutter mechanism
when carrying out tests at temperatures below 5,0 °C.
See the Note to 10.1.6.
5.4 Verification liquids, as described in Annex D.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Flash-point apparatus, as specified in Annex A.
If automated equipment is used, ensure that it has been established that the results obtained are within the
precision of this International Standard, that the test cup and cover assembly conform to the key dimensions
specified in Annex A, and the procedure described in Clause 10 is followed. The user shall ensure that all of
the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting and operating the instrument are followed.
6.2 Test cup thermometer, conforming to the specification given in Annex C.
It shall be fitted into a collar as described in Annex B.
6.3 Heating vessel thermometer, conforming to the specification given in Annex C.
It shall be fitted into a collar as described in Annex B.
NOTE Other types of temperature-measuring devices can be used, provided that they meet the requirements for
accuracy and have the same response as the thermometers specified in Annex C.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
6.4 Timing device, use one of the following:
a) electric/electronic timing device, which can indicate intervals of 1 s;
b) pendulum, of 610 mm effective length, counting one beat from one extremity of the swing to the other;
c) metronome, that beats at a frequency of 75 beats per minute to 80 beats per minute.
6.5 Barometer, accurate to 0,5 kPa.
Barometers pre-corrected to give sea-level readings, such as those used at weather stations and airports,
shall not be used.
6.6 Cooling bath, either liquid or metal block, or a recirculating cooler.
See 10.1.4 and 10.2.4.
6.7 Test cup thermal insulating cover (optional), to reduce the formation of ice crystals on the cup and
cover assembly during sub-ambient testing.
See 10.1.5.
7 Apparatus preparation
7.1 Location of the apparatus
Support the Abel apparatus (6.1) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free position.
NOTE When draughts cannot be avoided, it is good practice to surround the apparatus with a shield.
DANGER — When testing materials that produce toxic vapours, the apparatus should be located in a
fume hood with an individual control of air flow, adjusted such that the vapours can be withdrawn
without causing air currents around the test cup during the test.
7.2 Cleaning the test cup
Wash the test cup with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from a
previous test. Dry using a stream of clean air to ensure complete removal of the solvent used.
7.3 Apparatus examination
Examine the test cup, the cover and other parts to ensure that they are free from signs of damage and
deposits. If any damage is found, either rectify or, if this is not possible, obtain a replacement. If deposits are
found, remove them.
7.4 Apparatus verification
7.4.1 Verify the correct functioning of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a certified reference
material (CRM) (see 5.4 and Annex D). The result obtained shall be equal to or less than R 2 from the
certified value of the CRM, where R is the reproducibility of the test. More frequent verification checks shall be
made using secondary working standards (SWS).
A recommended procedure for apparatus verification using CRMs and SWSs and for the production of SWSs
is given in Annex D.
7.4.2 Do not use the numerical values obtained during the verification check to provide a bias statement, or
to make any correction to the flash points subsequently determined using the apparatus.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
8 Sampling
8.1 Obtain samples in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 3170, ISO 3171, ISO 15528 unless
otherwise agreed.
8.2 Place sufficient sample volume for testing in a tightly sealed container appropriate to the material being
sampled and, for safety purposes, ensure that the sample container is filled only to between 85 % and 95 % of
its capacity.
8.3 Store the samples in conditions that minimize vapour loss and pressure build-up. Avoid storing the
samples at temperatures in excess of 30,0 °C.
9 Sample handling
9.1 Storage prior to testing
If an aliquot of the original sample is stored prior to testing, ensure that the container is filled to more than
50 % of its capacity.
NOTE Results of flash-point determinations can be affected if the sample volume falls below 50 % of the container’s
capacity.
9.2 Liquids with expected flash points between − 30,0 °C and 18,5 °C
9.2.1 Cool the sample to a temperature of − 35 °C or to at least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point,
whichever is the higher, before opening the container.
9.2.2 Cool the liquids that crystallize on cooling to just above their melting points.
9.3 Liquids with expected flash points between 19,0 °C and 70,0 °C
Cool the sample to a temperature of 2 °C or to at least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point, whichever is
the higher, before opening the container.
9.4 Samples containing water as a separate phase
If a sample contains water as a separate phase, decant an aliquot from the water prior to mixing.
Flash-point results can be affected by the presence of water. For certain fuels, it might not always be possible
to decant the sample from the free water. In such cases, the water should be separated from the aliquot
physically, prior to mixing, or, if this is not possible, the material should be tested in accordance with
[4]
ISO 3679 .
9.5 Sample mixing
Mix samples by gentle manual shaking prior to the removal of the test portion, taking care to minimize the loss
of volatile components, and proceed in accordance with Clause 10.
10 Procedure
10.1 Liquids with expected flash points between − 30,0 °C and 18,5 °C
10.1.1 Using a barometer (6.5), record the ambient pressure in the vicinity of the apparatus at the time of test.
NOTE It is not necessary to correct the barometric pressure for ambient temperature, although some barometers are
designed to make this correction automatically.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
10.1.2 Use either a mixture of equal volumes of ethanediol (5.2) and water, or glycerol (5.2) and water, or
silicone oil (5.2) to completely fill the heating vessel (Clause A.5) and to fill the inner air chamber, which
surrounds the test cup (Clause A.2), to a depth of at least 38 mm.
10.1.3 Insert the heating vessel thermometer (6.3).
10.1.4 Adjust the temperature of the heating vessel (Clause A.5), using a cooling bath (6.6) connected via
the funnel aperture and overflow pipe, to − 35 °C or to at least 9,0 °C below the expected flash point of the
material being tested, whichever is the higher. Carry out a trial flash-point determination if necessary.
10.1.5 Loosely assemble the cover (Clause A.3) and test cup (Clause A.2). Cover with the thermal insulator
(6.7), and cool the assembly to − 35 °C or to at least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point, whichever is the
higher.
10.1.6 Ensure that neither cooling liquid nor vapour from the cooling bath, which could affect the flash point
of the product under test, enters the test cup.
NOTE Cooling a cover or test cup that is wet with water to below 0 °C can cause sticking due to ice (e.g. sticking of
the slide). Wiping the apparatus dry with a duster or a piece of absorbent paper before cooling to below 0 °C is usually
sufficient to prevent icing, but, alternatively, icing can be minimized by the use of a thermal insulating cover (6.7) and by
lubricating the outer face of the lip of the test cup and the slide with a silicone lubricant (5.3).
10.1.7 Place the test cup in position in the apparatus (see Clause A.3) and insert the test cup thermometer
(6.2). Remove the cover and pour in the test portion without undue agitation, avoiding as far as possible the
formation of air bubbles, until the level just reaches the point of the index gauge on the wall of the test cup. Do
not move the apparatus after filling. Place the cover on the test cup and push it down into position. Ignite the
test flame, adjust its size to conform to the size of the reference bead mounted on the cover of the test cup,
and maintain it at that size throughout the test.
10.1.8 Apply heat to the heating vessel (Clause A.5) in such a manner that the temperature of the test
portion in the test cup rises at a rate of 1 °C/min from the first application of the test flame to the end of the
test.
10.1.9 Using the stirrer (Clause A.4), stir the test portion in a clockwise direction (i.e. to give a downward
thrust) at 30 r/min ± 5 r/min. Continue stirring in a steady manner for the duration of the test but do not stir
during the application of the test flame.
10.1.10 When the temperature of the test portion reaches − 35 °C or at least 9,0 °C below the expected flash
point, start the timing device (6.4), apply the test flame by slowly and uniformly opening the slide in the cover
while the timer beats three times and closing it during the fourth beat. If an electric/electronic timing device
calibrated in seconds is used, the application of the test flame shall be made by slowly and uniformly opening
the slide over a period of 2 s and then closing it over a period of 1 s.
10.1.11 If a flash occurs, discontinue the test, discard the test portion and proceed in accordance with 10.1.3,
commencing the test at a lower expected flash-point temperature. If no flash occurs, proceed in accordance
with 10.1.12. If a flash occurs at a temperature below − 30,0 °C, record and report this fact and discontinue
the test.
10.1.12 Apply the test flame in this manner every 0,5 °C rise in temperature until a distinct flash occurs in the
interior of the test cup or until a temperature corresponding to a corrected temperature of 18,5 °C is reached.
Record the temperature of the test portion when the flash occurs.
10.1.13 Do not confuse the true flash point with the bluish halo that sometimes surrounds the test flame at
applications preceding the actual flash point.
10.1.14 Record as the observed flash point the temperature read on the test cup thermometer at the time the
test flame application caused a distinct flash in the interior of the test cup.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
ISO 13736:2008(E)
10.2 Procedure for liquids flashing between 19,0 °C and 70,0 °C
10.2.1 Using the barometer (6.5), record the ambient pressure of the laboratory at the time of test.
10.2.2 Use water to completely fill the heating vessel (Clause A.5) and to fill the inner air chamber, which
surrounds the test cup (Clause A.2), to a depth of at least 38 mm.
10.2.3 Insert the heating vessel thermometer (6.3).
10.2.4 Adjust the temperature of the liquid in the heating vessel, using either a cooling bath (6.6) or a heater
(Clause A.6) to at least 9,0 °C below the expected flash point of the material being tested, or to 10 °C,
whichever is the higher. Carry out a trial flash-point determination if necessary.
10.2.5 Loosely assemble the cover (see Clause A.3) and test cup (see Clause A.2) and cool to 2 °C or to at
least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point, whichever is the higher.
10.2.6 If a liquid cooling bath is used, ensure that neither cooling liquid nor vapour enters the test cup, which
can affect the flash point of the product under test.
10.2.7 Place the test cup in position in the apparatus (see Clause A.3). Remove the cover and pour in the
test portion without undue agitation, avoiding as far as possible the formation of air bubbles, until the level just
reaches the point of the index gauge on the wall of the test cup. Do not move the apparatus after filling. Place
the cover on the test cup and push it down into position. Ignite the test flame, adjust its size to conform to the
size of the reference bead mounted on the cover of the test cup, and maintain it at that size throughout the
test.
10.2.8 Apply heat to the heating vessel in such a manner that the temperature of the test portion in the test
cup rises at a rate of 1 °C/min from the first application of the test flame to the end of the test.
10.2.9 Using the stirrer (Clause A.4), stir in a clockwise direction (i.e. to give a downward thrust) at
30 r/min ± 5 r/min. When testing viscous products, ensure that the stirring action does not push the test
portion above the filling mark. Continue stirring in a steady manner for the duration of the test but do not stir
during the applica
...
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