SIST EN 10216-1:2014
(Main)Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for two qualities TR1 and TR2 of seamless tubes of circular cross section with specified room temperature properties made of non-alloy quality steel.
Nahtlose Stahlrohre für Druckbeanspruchungen - Technische Lieferbedingungen - Teil 1: Rohre aus unlegierten Stählen mit festgelegten Eigenschaften bei Raumtemperature
Diese Europäische Norm legt die technischen Lieferbedingungen für zwei Güten, TR1 und TR2, nahtloser Rohre mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt aus unlegiertem Qualitässtahl mit festgelegten Eigenschaften bei Raum-temperatur fest.
ANMERKUNG Nach Veröffentlichung dieser Norm im EU Amtsblatt (OJEU) unter der Richtlinie 97/23/EG ist die Annahme ihrer Konformität mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen (ESR) der Richtlinie 97/23/EG auf die technischen Daten von Werkstoffen in dieser Europäischen Norm beschränkt, und es darf nicht angenommen werden, dass damit die Eignung des Werkstoffs für ein bestimmtes Ausrüstungsteil festgestellt ist. Folglich müssen die in dieser Werkstoffnorm angegebenen technischen Parameter im Hinblick auf die konstruktiven Anforderungen dieses bestimmten Ausrüstungs¬teils ermittelt werden, um damit zu verifizieren, dass den ESR der Richtlinie 97/23/EG entsprochen wird. Dies muss durch den Ausleger oder den Hersteller der Druckgeräte geschehen, der auch den nachfolgenden Herstellungsprozess berücksichtigen muss, der die Eigenschaften des Grundmaterials verändern kann.
Tubes sans soudure en acier pour service sous pression - Conditions techniques de livraison - Partie 1 : Tubes en acier non allié avec caractéristiques spécifiées à température ambiante
Cette Norme Européenne spécifie les conditions techniques de livraison pour deux qualités, TR1 et TR2 de
tubes sans soudure à section circulaire fabriqués en acier non allié de qualité, avec caractéristiques
spécifiées à température ambiante.
NOTE Dès lors que la présente Norme européenne est publiée dans le Journal Officiel de l’Union européenne
(JOUE) en lien avec la Directive 97/23/CE, la présomption de conformité avec les exigences essentielles de sécurité de la
Directive 97/23/CE se limite aux données techniques des matériaux spécifiées dans la présente Norme européenne et ne
suppose pas l’adéquation des matériaux avec un appareil en particulier. Par conséquent, il doit être procédé à l’évaluation
des données techniques spécifiées dans la présente norme de matériaux par rapport aux exigences concernant la
conception de cet équipement spécifique, afin de vérifier que les exigences essentielles de sécurité de la Directive
97/23/CE soient satisfaites.
Nevarjene jeklene cevi za tlačne posode - Tehnični dobavni pogoji - 1. del: Nelegirane jeklene cevi s specificiranimi lastnostmi za delo pri sobni temperaturi
Ta evropski standard določa tehnične dobavne pogoje za dve kakovosti TR1 in TR2 nerjavnih cevi s krožnim prerezom iz nelegiranega jekla s specificiranimi lastnostmi za delo pri sobni temperaturi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Nahtlose Stahlrohre für Druckbeanspruchungen - Technische Lieferbedingungen - Teil 1: Rohre aus unlegierten Stählen mit festgelegten Eigenschaften bei RaumtemperatureTubes sans soudure en acier pour service sous pression - Conditions techniques de livraison - Partie 1 : Tubes en acier non allié avec caractéristiques spécifiées à température ambianteSeamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties77.140.75Jeklene cevi in cevni profili za posebne nameneSteel pipes and tubes for specific use23.020.30MHNOHQNHPressure vessels, gas cylindersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 10216-1:2013SIST EN 10216-1:2014en,fr,de01-junij-2014SIST EN 10216-1:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 10216-1:2003/A1:2004SIST EN 10216-1:20031DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 10216-1
December 2013 ICS 23.040.10; 77.140.75 Supersedes EN 10216-1:2002English Version
Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
Tubes sans soudure en acier pour service sous pression - Conditions techniques de livraison - Partie 1 : Tubes en acier non allié avec caractéristiques spécifiées à température ambiante
Nahtlose Stahlrohre für Druckbeanspruchungen - Technische Lieferbedingungen - Teil 1: Rohre aus unlegierten Stählen mit festgelegten Eigenschaften bei Raumtemperatur This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10216-1:2013 ESIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols . 6 5 Classification and designation . 6 5.1 Classification . 6 5.2 Designation . 6 6 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 7 6.1 Mandatory information . 7 6.2 Options . 7 6.3 Example of an order . 8 7 Manufacturing process . 8 7.1 Steelmaking process . 8 7.2 Tube manufacture and delivery conditions . 8 8 Requirements . 9 8.1 General . 9 8.2 Chemical composition . 9 8.2.1 Cast analysis . 9 8.2.2 Product analysis . 11 8.3 Mechanical properties . 12 8.3.1 Mechanical properties for quality TR2. 12 8.3.2 Mechanical properties for quality TR1. 12 8.4 Appearance and internal soundness . 13 8.4.1 Appearance . 13 8.4.2 Internal soundness . 13 8.5 Straightness . 14 8.6 Preparation of ends . 14 8.7 Dimensions, masses and tolerances . 14 8.7.1 Diameter and wall thickness . 14 8.7.2 Mass . 14 8.7.3 Lengths . 14 8.7.4 Tolerances . 17 9 Inspection . 17 9.1 Types of inspection . 17 9.2 Inspection documents . 18 9.2.1 Types of inspection documents . 18 9.2.2 Content of inspection documents . 18 9.3 Summary of inspection and verification testing . 19 10 Sampling . 20 10.1 Frequency of tests . 20 10.1.1 Test unit . 20 10.1.2 Number of sample tubes per test unit . 20 10.2 Preparation of samples and test pieces . 20 10.2.1 Selection and preparation of samples for
product analysis . 20 10.2.2 Location, orientation and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical tests . 20 11 Verification test methods . 21 SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 3 11.1 Chemical analysis . 21 11.2 Tensile test . 22 11.3 Impact test . 22 11.4 Leak tightness test . 23 11.4.1 Hydrostatic test . 23 11.4.2 Electromagnetic test . 23 11.5 Dimensional inspection . 23 11.6 Visual examination . 23 11.7 Non-Destructive Testing . 23 11.8 Retest, sorting and reprocessing . 24 12 Marking . 24 12.1 Marking to be applied. 24 12.2 Additional marking . 24 13 Protection . 24 Annex A (informative)
Technical changes from the previous edition . 25 A.1 Introduction . 25 A.2 Technical changes . 25 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 26 Bibliography . 27
SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 10216-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 110 “Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10216-1:2002. For the list of the most significant technical changes that have been made in this new edition, see Annex A. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard consists of the following parts, under the general title "Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes Technical delivery conditions": Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties; Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels tubes with specified elevated temperature properties; Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes; Part 4: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties; Part 5: Stainless steel tubes. Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is: EN 10217, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes
Technical delivery conditions. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for two qualities TR1 and TR2 of seamless tubes of circular cross section with specified room temperature properties made of non-alloy quality steel. NOTE Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10020, Definition and classification of grades of steel EN 10021, General technical delivery conditions for steel products EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels Part 1: Steel names EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels Part 2: Numerical system EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products EN 10168, Steel products Inspection documents List of information and description EN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documents EN 10220, Seamless and welded steel tubes Dimensions and masses per unit length CEN/TR 10261, Iron and steel European standards for the determination of chemical composition EN 10266, Steel tubes, fittings and structural hollow sections Symbols and definitions of terms for use in product standards EN ISO 148-1, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1) EN ISO 377, Steel and steel products Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing (ISO 377) EN ISO 2566-1, Steel Conversion of elongation values Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels
(ISO 2566-1) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1) EN ISO 10893-1, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes Part 1: Automated electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the verification of hydraulic leaktightness (ISO 10893-1) SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 6 EN ISO 10893-2, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes Part 2: Automated eddy current testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of imperfections (ISO 10893-2) EN ISO 10893-3, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes Part 3: Automated full peripheral flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections (ISO 10893-3) EN ISO 10893-10, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes Part 10: Automated full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections (ISO 10893-10) EN ISO 14284, Steel and iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition (ISO 14284) ISO 11484, Steel products Employer's qualification system for non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 10020, EN 10021, EN 10052, EN 10266 and the following apply. 3.1 employer organization for which a person works on a regular basis Note 1 to entry: The employer may be either the tube manufacturer or a third party organization providing non-destructive testing (NDT) services. 4 Symbols For the purpose of this Part of EN 10216, the symbols given in EN 10266 apply. 5 Classification and designation 5.1 Classification According to the classification system in EN 10020, the steels are classified as non-alloy quality steels. 5.2 Designation 5.2.1 For the tubes covered by this Part of EN 10216 the steel designation consists of: the number of this Part of EN 10216; plus either: the steel name in accordance with EN 10027-1;
or:
the steel number allocated in accordance with EN 10027-2. SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 7 5.2.2 The steel name is designated by: the capital letter P for pressure purposes; the indication of the specified minimum yield strength for thickness ≤ 16 mm, expressed in MPa (see Table 5 and Table 6); plus either: the alphanumeric TR1 for qualities without
specified aluminium content, impact properties and specific inspection and testing requirements (see 9.1); or:
the alphanumeric TR2 for qualities with specified aluminium content, impact properties and specific inspection and testing requirements. 6 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 6.1 Mandatory information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order: the quantity (mass or total length or number); the term “tube”; the dimensions (outside diameter D and wall thickness T) (see Table 7); the designation of the steel grade in accordance with this Part of EN 10216 (see 5.2). 6.2 Options A number of options are specified in this Part of EN 10216 and these are listed below. In the event that the purchaser does not indicate a wish to implement any of these options at the time of enquiry and order, the tubes shall be supplied in accordance with the basic specification (see 6.1). 1) Delivery condition normalized or normalizing-formed for TR1 (see 7.2.2); 2) restriction on copper and tin contents (see Table 2 and Table 3); 3) product analysis (see 8.2.2); 4) verification of longitudinal impact testing at −10 °C for quality TR2
(see Table 5 and Table 6); 5) selection of method for verification of leak-tightness (see 8.4.2.1); 6) Non-Destructive Testing for quality TR2 (see 8.4.2.2); the test method shall be specified by the
purchaser; 7) special end preparation (see 8.6); 8) exact lengths (see 8.7.3); 9) inspection document 3.2 other than the standard document (see 9.2.1); SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 8 10) test unit restriction for tubes with D ≤ 76,1 mm of quality TR2
(see 10.1.1); 11) wall thickness measurement away from the ends (see 11.5); 12) additional marking (see 12.2); 13) protection (see 13). 6.3 Example of an order 100 t of seamless tube with an outside diameter of 168.3 mm, a wall thickness of 4,5 mm, in accordance with EN 10216-1, made of steel grade P235TR2 with a 3.2 inspection certificate in accordance with EN 10204. EXAMPLE 100 t - Tube – 168,3 × 4,5 - EN 10216-1 - P235TR2 - 3.2. 7 Manufacturing process 7.1 Steelmaking process The steelmaking process is at the discretion of the manufacturer with the exception that the open hearth (Siemens-Martin) process shall not be employed unless in combination with a secondary steelmaking or ladle refining process. Steels shall be fully killed. NOTE This excludes the use of rimming, balanced or semi-killed steel. 7.2 Tube manufacture and delivery conditions 7.2.1 All NDT activities shall be carried out by qualified and competent level 1,2 and/or 3 personnel authorized to operate by the employer. The qualification shall be in accordance with ISO 11484 or, at least, an equivalent to it. It is recommended that the level 3 personnel be certified in accordance with EN ISO 9712 or, at least, an equivalent to it. The operating authorization issued by the employer shall be in accordance with a written procedure. NDT operations shall be authorized by level 3 NDT individual approved by the employer. NOTE The definition of level 1, 2 and 3 can be found in appropriate standards, e.g. EN ISO 9712 and ISO 11484. 7.2.2 The tubes shall be manufactured by a seamless process. The forming operations and delivery conditions are shown in Table 1. Table 1 — Forming operations and delivery conditions Forming operation Quality Delivery condition Hot formed TR1 As formed or normalized or normalizing-formed a TR2 Normalized or normalizing-formed
Hot formed + cold finished TR1 and TR2 Normalized a At the discretion of the manufacturer unless option 1 is specified. SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 9 Option 1 : The tube shall be supplied in normalized or normalizing-formed delivery condition. 8 Requirements 8.1 General When supplied in a delivery condition indicated in 7.2 and inspected in accordance with Clauses 9, 10 and 11, the tubes shall conform to the requirements of this Part of EN 10216. In addition, the general technical delivery requirements specified in EN 10021 shall apply. 8.2 Chemical composition 8.2.1 Cast analysis The cast analysis reported by the steel producer shall apply and conform to the requirements of Table 2 for quality TR2 and in Table 3 for quality TR1. When welding tubes are produced in accordance with this Part of EN 10216, account should be taken of the fact that the behaviour of the steel during and after welding is dependent not only on the steel, but also on the applied heat treatment and the conditions of preparing for and carrying out the welding. Table 2 — Chemical composition (cast analysis) a in % by mass for quality TR2 Steel grade C max. Si max. Mn max. P max. S max. Cr b max. Mo b max. Ni b max. Al tot min. Cu b c max. Nb b max. Ti b max. V b max. Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni b max. Steel name Steel number P195TR2 1.0108 0,13 0,35 0,70 0,025 0,015 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,02 d 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 P235TR2 1.0255 0,16 0,35 1,20 0,025 0,015 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,02 d 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 P265TR2 1.0259 0,20 0,40 1,40 0,025 0,015 0,30 0,08 0,30 0,02 d 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 a Elements not included in this table shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser, except for elements which may be added for finishing the cast. All appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent the addition of undesirable elements from scrap or other materials used in the steelmaking process. b The content of these elements need not be reported unless intentionally added to the cast. c Option 2:In order to facilitate subsequent forming operation, an agreed maximum copper content lower than indicated and an agreed specified maximum tin content shall apply. d This requirement is not applicable provided the steel contains a sufficient amount of other nitrogen binding elements which shall be reported. SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 10 Table 3 —Chemical composition (cast analysis) a in % by mass for quality TR1 Steel grade C max. Si max. Mn max. P max. S max. Cr b max. Mo b max. Ni b max. Al tot min. Cu b c max. Nb b max. Ti b max. V b max. Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni b max. Steel name Steel number P195TR1d 1.0107 0,13 0,35 0,70 0,025 0,020 0,30 0,08 0,30 - 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 P235TR1d 1.0254 0,16 0,35 1,20 0,025 0,020 0,30 0,08 0,30 - 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 P265TR1d 1.0258 0,20 0,40 1,40 0,025 0,020 0,30 0,08 0,30 - 0,30 0,010 0,04 0,02 0,70 a Elements not included in this table shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser, except for elements which may be added for finishing the cast. All appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent the addition of undesirable elements from scrap or other materials used in the steelmaking process. b The content of these elements need not be reported unless intentionally added to the cast. c Option 2:In order to facilitate subsequent forming operation, an agreed maximum copper content lower than indicated and an agreed specified maximum tin content shall apply. d These grades do not support the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 97/23/EC. SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 11 8.2.2 Product analysis Option 3: A product analysis for tubes of quality TR2 shall be supplied. For tubes with outside diameter less than or equal to 76, 1 mm this option applies only in combination with Option 11. Table 4 specifies the permissible deviations of the product analysis from the specified limits on cast analysis given in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 4 —Permissible deviations of the product analysis from specified limits on cast analysis given in Tables 2 and 3 Element Limiting value for the cast analysis in accordance with Table 2 % by mass Permissible deviation of the product analysis % by mass C ≤ 0,20 + 0,02 Si ≤ 0,40 + 0,05 Mn ≤ 1,40 + 0,10 P ≤ 0,025 + 0,005 S ≤ 0,020 for TR1 ≤ 0,015 for TR2 + 0,005 + 0,003 Al ≥ 0,020 − 0,005 Cr ≤ 0,30 + 0,05 Cu ≤ 0,30 + 0,05 Mo ≤ 0,08 + 0,02 Nb ≤ 0,010 + 0,005 Ni ≤ 0,30 + 0,05 Ti ≤ 0,04 + 0,01 V ≤ 0,02 + 0,01
SIST EN 10216-1:2014
EN 10216-1:2013 (E) 12 8.3 Mechanical properties 8.3.1 Mechanical properties for quality TR2 The mechanical properties of the tubes shall conform to the requirements of Table 5 for grade TR2 irrespective of whether they are verified or not (see Table 11). Table 5 — Mechanical properties for quality TR2 a Steel grade Tensile properties Impact properties Steel name Steel number Upper yield strength ReH b min. for Wall Thickness T mm Tensile Strength
Rm Elongation A min. %
b c Minimum average absorbed energy KV2
J at a temperature of °C c T ≤ 16 16 < T ≤ 40 40 < T ≤ 60 l t MPa * MPa * MPa * MPa * l t 0 -10 0 P195TR2 1.0108 195 185 175 320 to 440 27 25 40 28 d 27 P235TR2 1.0255 235 225 215 360 to 500 25 23 40 28 d 27 P265TR2 1.0259 265 255 245 410 to 570 21 19 40 28 d 27 a For wall thickness greater than 60 mm the mechanical properties are subject to agreement. b See 11.2. c
l = longitudinal t = transverse d Option 4: In addition to the test in Table 11, longitudinal impact strength shall be verified at - 10 °C. * 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 8.3.2 Mec
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