SIST EN 196-6:2010
(Main)Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
This European Standard describes three methods of determining the fineness of cement. The sieving method serves only to demonstrate the presence of coarse cement particles. This method is primarily suited to checking and controlling the production process. The air-jet sieving method measures the retention on sieving and is suitable for particles which substantially pass a 2,0 mm test sieve. It may be used to determine the particle size distribution of agglomerates of very fine particles. This method may be used with test sieves in a range of aperture sizes, e.g. 63 μm and 90 μm. The air permeability method (Blaine) measures the specific surface (mass related surface) by comparison with a reference cement sample. The determination of the specific surface serves primarily to check the consistency of the grinding process of one and the same plant. This method only enables a limited assessment to be made of the properties of the cement in use.
Prũfverfahren fũr Zement - Teil 6: Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit von Zement.
Das Siebverfahren dient nur dem Nachweis von groben Zementpartikeln. Dieses Prüfverfahren eignet sich in erster Linie für die Kontrolle und Steuerung des Herstellungsprozesses.
Mit dem Luftstrahl-Siebverfahren wird der Siebrückstand ermittelt. Das Verfahren eignet sich für Partikel, die im Wesentlichen ein 2,0-mm-Prüfsieb passieren, und darf zur Bestimmung der Korngrößenverteilung von Agglomeraten sehr feiner Partikel verwendet werden. Bei Anwendung des Verfahrens dürfen Prüfsiebe mit verschiedenen Maschenweiten, z. B. 63 µm und 90 µm, verwendet werden.
Mit dem Luftdurchlässigkeitsverfahren (nach Blaine) wird die spezifische Oberfläche (massenbezogene Ober-fläche) im Vergleich zur Oberfläche einer Referenzzementprobe gemessen. Die Bestimmung der spezifischen Ober¬fläche dient in erster Linie der Kontrolle der Gleichmäßigkeit des Mahlprozesses in einem Werk. Eine Beurteilung der Gebrauchseigenschaften des Zements ist hiermit nur in begrenztem Umfang möglich.
ANMERKUNG Im Falle von Zementen, die sehr feines Material enthalten, kann es vorkommen, dass das Luftdurch-lässigkeitsverfahren keine aussagekräftigen Ergebnisse liefert.
Die Verfahren sind für alle in EN 197 definierten Zemente anwendbar.
Méthodes d’essai des ciments - Partie 6: Détermination de la finesse
La présente Norme européenne décrit trois méthodes de détermination de la finesse du ciment.
La méthode par tamisage sert uniquement à détecter la présence de grosses particules de ciment. Cette méthode d’essai convient avant tout à la vérification et au contrôle du procédé de production.
La méthode par tamisage à jet d’air mesure le refus de tamisage et convient aux particules qui passent effectivement à travers un tamis d’essai de dimension d’ouverture 2,0 mm et elle peut être utilisée pour déterminer la granulométrie des grumeaux constitués de particules très fines. Cette méthode fait appel à des tamis de dimension d’ouverture de 0,06 mm et 0,09 mm.
La méthode de perméabilité à l’air (Blaine) mesure la surface massique par comparaison avec un échantillon d’un ciment de référence. La détermination de la surface massique sert avant tout à vérifier la constance du procédé de broyage d’une seule et même installation. Cette méthode ne permet qu’un jugement limité des propriétés du ciment utilisé ).
Les méthodes sont applicables à tous les ciments définis dans l’EN 197.
Metode preskušanja cementa - 6. del: Določanje finosti
Ta evropski standard opisuje tri metode določanja finosti cementa. Metoda sejanja se uporablja le za potrditev prisotnosti grobih cementnih delcev. Ta metoda je primerna predvsem za preverjanje in nadzor proizvodnega postopka. Metoda sejanja z zračnim curkom meri zadržanje pri sejanju in je primerna za delce, ki znatno prehajajo 2,0-mm preskusno sito. Lahko se uporablja za določanje razporeditve velikosti delcev v aglomeratih zelo finih delcev. Ta metoda se lahko uporablja s preskusnimi siti z različnimi velikostmi odprtin, npr. 63 μm in 90 μm. (Blainova) Metoda prepustnosti zraka meri specifično površino (z maso povezano površino) in jo primerja z referenčnim vzorcem cementa. Določanje specifične površine se uporablja predvsem za preverjanje skladnosti postopka mletja v istem obratu. Ta metoda omogoča le omejeno oceno lastnosti uporabljenega cementa.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Méthodes d’essai des ciments - Partie 6: Détermination de la finesseMethods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. MortarICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 196-6:2010SIST EN 196-6:2010en,de01-marec-2010SIST EN 196-6:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 196-6:19951DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 196-6:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 196-6
January 2010 ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 196-6:1989English Version
Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
Méthodes d'essai des ciments - Partie 6: Détermination de la finesse
Prüfverfahren für Zement - Teil 6: Bestimmung der Mahlfeinheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 196-6:2010: ESIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31Scope .52Normative references .53Sieving method .53.1Principle .53.2Apparatus .53.3Material for checking the sieve .63.4Procedure .63.5Expression of results .74Air permeability method (Blaine method) .74.1Principle .74.2Apparatus .74.3Materials . 104.4Test conditions . 104.5Compacted cement bed . 104.6Air permeability test . 114.7Calibration of apparatus . 124.8Special cements . 144.9Simplification of the calculations. 154.10Expression of results . 165Air-jet sieving method . 165.1Principle . 165.2Apparatus . 175.3Procedure . 185.4Checking the sieve . 185.5Expression of results . 185.6Repeatability and reproducibility . 18 SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 196-6:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 196-6:1989. EN 196, Methods of testing cement, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of strength Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cement Part 6: Determination of fineness Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement Part 8: Heat of hydration — Solution method Part 9: Heat of hydration — Semi-adiabatic method Part 10: Determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement NOTE A previous part, EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement — Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement, has been revised and incorporated into EN 196-2. Another document, ENV 196-4, Methods of testing cement — Quantitative determination of constituents, has been published as CEN/TR 196-4, Methods of testing cement — Part 4: Quantitative determination of constituents. This edition introduces the following technical changes based on comments received by the Secretariat: a) A method to determine the residue on sieving by air-jet equipment is included; b) The method for calibration of the air permeability equipment has been clarified and an alternative method, avoiding the use of mercury, added; c) The factors used in the air permeability (Blaine) method have been corrected for errors introduced in the conversion to SI units. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 4 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes three methods of determining the fineness of cement.
The sieving method serves only to demonstrate the presence of coarse cement particles. This method is primarily suited to checking and controlling the production process. The air-jet sieving method measures the retention on sieving and is suitable for particles which substantially pass a 2,0 mm test sieve. It may be used to determine the particle size distribution of agglomerates of very fine particles. This method may be used with test sieves in a range of aperture sizes, e.g. 63 µm and 90 µm. The air permeability method (Blaine) measures the specific surface (mass related surface) by comparison with a reference cement sample. The determination of the specific surface serves primarily to check the consistency of the grinding process of one and the same plant. This method only enables a limited assessment to be made of the properties of the cement in use. NOTE The air permeability method may not give significant results for cements containing ultrafine materials. The methods are applicable to all the cements defined in EN 197. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement
Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements ISO 383:1976, Laboratory glassware
Interchangeable conical ground joints ISO 565, Test sieves
Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet
Nominal sizes of openings ISO 3310-1, Test sieves
Technical requirements and testing
Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 4803, Laboratory glassware
Borosilicate glass tubing 3 Sieving method 3.1 Principle The fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieves. The proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified mesh size is thus determined. A reference sample having a known proportion of material coarser than the specified mesh size is used for checking the specified sieve. 3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Test sieve, comprising a firm, durable, non-corrodible, cylindrical frame of 150 mm to 200 mm nominal diameter and 40 mm to 100 mm depth, fitted with, e.g. 90 µm, mesh sieve cloth of woven stainless steel, or other abrasion-resisting and non-corrodible metal wire. SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 6 The sieve cloth shall conform to the requirements of ISO 565 and ISO 3310-1 and shall be free of visible irregularities in mesh size when inspected optically by the methods of ISO 3310-1. A tray fitting beneath the sieve frame and a lid fitting above it shall be provided to avoid loss of material during sieving. NOTE Sieving may be carried out manually or on a sieving machine. 3.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing up to 25 g to the nearest 0,01 g. 3.3 Material for checking the sieve
A reference material of known sieve residue shall be provided for checking the sieve.
The material shall be stored in sealed, airtight containers to avoid changes in its characteristics due to absorption or deposition from the atmosphere. The containers shall be marked with the sieve residue of the reference material. 3.4 Procedure 3.4.1 Determination of the cement residue Agitate the sample of cement to be tested by shaking for 2 min in a stoppered jar to disperse agglomerates. Wait 2 min. Stir the resulting powder gently using a clean dry rod to distribute the fines throughout the cement. Fit the tray under the sieve. Weigh (25 ± 0,5) g of cement to the nearest 0,01 g and place it in the sieve, being careful to avoid loss. Disperse any agglomerates. Fit the lid over the sieve. Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movements until no more fine material passes through it.
Remove and weigh the residue. Express its mass as a percentage, R1 of the quantity first placed in the sieve to the nearest 0,1 %. Gently brush all the fine material off the base of the sieve into the tray.
Repeat the whole procedure using a fresh 25 g sample to obtain R2. Then calculate the residue of the cement R as the mean of R1 and R2 as a percentage, expressed to the nearest 0,1 %.
When the results differ by more than 1 % absolute, repeat the whole procedure a third time and calculate the mean of the three values.
Sieving by the manual process requires a skilled and experienced operator. 3.4.2 Checking the sieve Sieves should be cleaned and checked for damage after each sieving (e.g. that the mesh is taut and is not dented or perforated). In addition, check the sieve after every 100 sievings as follows: Agitate the sample of reference material, to be used for checking the sieve, by shaking for 2 min in a stoppered jar to disperse agglomerates. Wait 2 min. Stir the resulting powder gently using a clean dry rod to distribute the fines throughout the reference material. Fit the tray under the sieve. Weigh (25 ± 0,5) g of the reference material (3.3) to the nearest 0,01 g and place it in the sieve, being careful to avoid loss. Sieve the material in accordance with 3.4.1 including the repeat determination of residue to yield two values P1 and P2 expressed to the nearest 0,1 %. The two values of P1 and P2 for a satisfactory sieve should differ by not more than 0,6 %. Their mean P characterizes the state of the sieve. Given the known residue on the sieve of the reference material, R0, calculate R0IP as the sieve factor, F, expressed to the nearest 0,01. The residue, R, determined as in 3.4.1 shall be corrected by multiplying by F, which may have a value of 1,00 ± 0,20. SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 7 When the factor F exceeds the permitted value, 1,00 ± 0,20, the sieve shall be discarded. NOTE
Any other checking procedure, such as the optical methods described in ISO 3310-1 may be used. All sieves will wear slowly and consequently their sieve factor, F, will slowly change. 3.5 Expression of results Report the value of R to the nearest 0,1 %, as the residue, the sieve mesh size and details of the cement tested.
The standard deviation of the repeatability is about 0,2 % and of the reproducibility is about 0,3 %. NOTE Where there is local difficulty in obtaining ISO standard sieves, the same procedure can be followed with the nearest available standard sieve but the report should state on which standard sieve mesh the cement residue has been determined. 4 Air permeability method (Blaine method) 4.1 Principle The fineness of cement is measured as specific surface by observing the time taken for a fixed quantity of air to flow through a compacted cement bed of specified dimensions and porosity. Under standardized conditions the specific surface of cement is proportional to √t where t is the time for a given quantity of air to flow through the compacted cement bed. The number and size range of individual pores in the specified bed are determined by the cement particle size distribution, which also determines the time for the specified air flow. The method is comparative rather than absolute and therefore a reference sample of known specific surface is required for calibration of the apparatus. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Permeability cell. The cell shall be a rigid right cylinder of the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 a).
It shall be of austenitic stainless steel or other abrasion-resisting, non-corrodible material. The top and bottom faces shall be flat and normal to the axis of the cylinder, as shall the upper surface of the ledge at the bottom of the cell. The outer surface of the cylinder shall be tapered to form an airtight fit with the conical socket of the manometer (ISO 383:1976, Joint 19/34). 4.2.2 Perforated disc. The disc shall be of non-corrodible metal, perforated with 30 to 40 holes of
1 mm diameter, and shall have the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 b). When in position on the ledge in the cell, its plane surfaces shall be normal to the axis of the cell. 4.2.3 Plunger. The plunger is a piston, capable of sliding freely in the measuring cell by means of a clearance to be applied in such a way that, when the cap of the plunger comes to rest on the upper face of the cell cylinder, a distance of (15 ± 1) mm will be maintained between the upper face of the perforated disc and the lower face of the piston.
This piston shall be provided with a flat connected to an annulus around the head to enable air to escape.
SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres 4356GJLKHa) Cell
b) Perforated disc
21F = J-HE20*16*13*3*2 * Recommended c) Plunger
1287AMD910151411C1570110B13 d) Manometer Item Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, 9, 10, 11 12 13 14 15 Piston Flat for air vent Cell Compacted cement disc Filter paper disc Perforated disc Manometer Etched lines Conical joint for cell Stopcock Rubber tube Aspirator bulb
SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 9 Key Recommended mm Key Obligatory mm A Minimum dimension between conical joint and stopcock ≤ 50 G Cell diameter at base of cell 12,7 ± 0,1 B Dimension between upper arm of T-joint and lowest etched line on arm of manometer tube 135 ± 10 E Diameter of plunger/piston G - 0,1 C Dimension between upper arm of T-joint and base of U-tube 275 ± 25 H Height of cement bed 15 ± 1 D Dimension between centre lines of arms of U-tube 23 ± 1 F Dimension/depth between tip of plunger and shoulder J - H J Inner dimension/height of the cell 50 ± 15
K Width of cell ledge 0,8 ± 0,2
L Thickness of perforated disc 0,9 ± 0,1
M Diameter of arms of manometer tube 9,0 ± 0,4
Figure 1 — Blaine permeability apparatus The plunger shall be of austenitic stainless steel or other abrasion-resisting and non-corrodible material; it shall have the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 c).
A plunger shall only be used with a cell of the specified dimensions and tolerances such that, when used together, the specified distance between the upper face of the perforated disc and the lower face of the piston is satisfied. 4.2.4 Manometer. The manometer shall be a rigidly and vertically mounted U-tube of borosilicate glass tubing conforming to ISO 4803 arranged as in Figure 1 d) and having the dimensions and tolerances shown in that figure.
One arm of the manometer shall be provided at the top with a conical socket conforming to ISO 383:1976, Joint 19/34 to form an airtight fit with the conical surface of the cell. The same arm shall also have four etched lines and a T-joint whose positions shall have the dimensions and tolerances shown in Figure 1 d). The side branch of the T-joint shall lead to an airtight stopcock beyond which shall be attached a suitable aspiration device such as the rubber tube and bulb shown in Figure 1 d). Fill the manometer tube with the liquid (4.2.5) to wet the inner surface. Empty the tube and refill it so that the manometer liquid is level with the lowest etched line (11 in Figure 1 d)). This manometer liquid shall be changed (or cleaned) after servicing or before a new calibration. NOTE Other forms of cell and plunger and other arrangements of the joint between cell and manometer may be used provided that they can be shown to give the same results as the specified apparatus. 4.2.5 Manometer liquid. The manometer shall be filled to the level of the lowest etched line (11 in Figure 1 d)) with a non-volatile, non-hygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density, such as dibutyl phthalate or light mineral oil. SIST EN 196-6:2010
EN 196-6:2010 (E) 10 4.2.6 Timer, having a positive starting and stopping mechanism, readable to 0,2 s or better, and accurate to 1 % or better over time intervals up to 300 s. 4.2.7 Balance(s), capable of weighing about 3 g to the nearest 0,001 g (for the cement) and about 50 g to 110 g to the nearest 0,01 g (for the mercury). 4.2.8 Apparatus, to determine the density of cement, e.g. pyknometer or Le Chatelier flask. 4.3 Materials
4.3.1 Mercury, of reagent grade or better. 4.3.2 Refere
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