SIST ISO 6561-1:2011

Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of cadmium content -- Part 1: Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

ISO 6561-1:2005 specifies a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.

Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés -- Détermination de la teneur en cadmium -- Partie 1: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four en graphite

Sadje, zelenjava in sadni ter zelenjavni proizvodi - Določevanje kadmija - 1. del: Metoda z atomsko absorpcijo z grafitno kiveto

Ta del ISO 6561 določa spektrometrično metodo z atomsko absorpcijo z grafitno kiveto za določevanje kadmija v sadju, zelenjavi in sadnih ter zelenjavnih proizvodih.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 19-May-2011
• Publication Date: 15-May-2011
• ICS: 67.080.01 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products in general
• Technical Committee: KŽP - Agricultural food products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-May-2011
• Due Date: 11-Jul-2011
• Completion Date: 16-May-2011
• Ref Project: ISO 6561-1:2005 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products - Determination of cadmium content - Part 1: Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ISO 6561:1995 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of cadmium content -- Flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011

Overview

SIST ISO 6561-1:2011 is an international standard specifying a precise method for determining cadmium content in fruits, vegetables, and their derived products. This method utilizes graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) to ensure accurate measurement of cadmium levels. Given the potential health risks associated with cadmium exposure, particularly through food consumption, this standard provides essential guidelines for laboratories and regulatory bodies to conduct reliable heavy metal testing in agricultural products.

Key Topics

• Scope: The standard applies to fruits, vegetables, and derived products, focusing specifically on cadmium content analysis.
• Analytical Method: Employs graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, a highly sensitive technique for trace metal detection.
• Sample Preparation: Requires decomposition of organic matter by a wet method using nitric and sulfuric acids to break down samples before measurement.
• Reagents & Calibration: Specifies high purity reagents and preparation of standard cadmium solutions to ensure accuracy.
• Instrumentation: Details the usage of an atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with graphite furnace, background corrector, and a hollow-cathode cadmium lamp set to 228.8 nm wavelength.
• Procedure: Includes step-by-step instructions for sample preparation, decomposition, blank testing, and absorbance measurement.
• Calculation & Reporting: Provides formulas to express cadmium concentration in mg/L for liquids or mg/kg for solids and semi-solids, and outlines requirements for test reports.
• Repeatability Criteria: Ensures quality control by defining acceptable variability limits in test results under repeat conditions.

Applications

• Food Safety Testing: Laboratories employ ISO 6561-1 to monitor cadmium contamination in fresh produce and processed fruit or vegetable products, essential for consumer protection.
• Regulatory Compliance: Food safety authorities utilize this method to enforce limits on cadmium residues set by national and international regulations.
• Quality Control in Agriculture: Producers and distributors use the standard to verify product safety and maintain quality standards throughout the supply chain.
• Research and Development: Analytical chemists rely on the method for environmental and food toxicology studies investigating cadmium uptake and accumulation in crops.
• Import/Export Inspection: Enables customs and trade bodies to certify that food consignments meet cadmium safety requirements, facilitating international trade.

Related Standards

• ISO 6561-2:2004 – Complements Part 1 by specifying the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method for cadmium determination in similar product matrices.
• ISO 5515:1979 – Covers the wet decomposition of organic matter prior to analysis, cited as a normative reference in ISO 6561-1 for sample preparation.
• ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 – Guides the drafting and approval processes of international standards ensuring consistency and technical quality.
• Food Safety Standards – Regional and national regulations (e.g., Codex Alimentarius) reference such ISO methods for permissible heavy metal limits in food products.

Practical Value

SIST ISO 6561-1:2011 delivers a robust, validated method tailored for highly sensitive detection of cadmium in food matrices. By adopting this standard, laboratories can:

• Achieve precise and repeatable results essential for health risk assessments.
• Facilitate global harmonization of heavy metal testing protocols.
• Support compliance with stringent food safety legislation worldwide.
• Enhance confidence in the safety of fruit and vegetable products through scientifically sound analysis.

This standard is a critical resource for professionals involved in food quality assurance, analytical chemistry, and public health monitoring related to heavy metal contaminants.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 6561:1995
6DGMH]HOHQMDYDLQVDGQLWHU]HOHQMDYQLSURL]YRGL'RORþHYDQMHNDGPLMDGHO
0HWRGD]DWRPVNRDEVRUSFLMR]JUDILWQRNLYHWR
Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of cadmium content -- Part 1:
Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés -- Détermination de la teneur en cadmium -- Partie 1:
Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four en graphite
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 6561-1:2005
ICS:
67.080.01 Sadje, zelenjava in njuni Fruits, vegetables and
proizvodi na splošno derived products in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6561-1
First edition
2005-02-01
Fruits, vegetables and derived
products — Determination of cadmium
content —
Part 1:
Method using graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometry
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés — Détermination de la teneur en
cadmium —
Partie 1: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four en
graphite
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6561-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 3, Fruit and
vegetable products.
This first edition of ISO 6561-1, together with ISO 6561-2:2004, cancels and replaces ISO 6561:1983, which
has been technically revised.
ISO 6561 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fruits, vegetables and derived products —
Determination of cadmium content:
 Part 1: Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
 Part 2: Method using flame atomic absorption spectrometry

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6561-1:2005(E)

Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of
cadmium content —
Part 1:
Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6561 specifies a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5515:1979, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Decomposition of organic matter prior to
analysis — Wet method
3 Principle
Organic matter is decomposed by a wet method and the dissolved cadmium is determined by graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometry.
4 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade, and which, with the exception of the cadmium sulfate
hydrate (4.8) and the cadmium standard solutions (4.9 and 4.10), shall be free from cadmium. Use only water
which has been double-distilled in borosilicate glass apparatus, or water of at least equivalent purity.
4.1 Sulfuric acid, concentrated, ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
4.2 Nitric acid, ρ = 1,38 g/ml.
4.3 Perchloric acid, ρ = 1,67 g/ml.
4.4 Sulfuric acid, dilute, 10 % (volume fraction).
4.5 EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt), 0,20 mol/l solution.
4.6 Buffer solution, pH 9.
Dissolve 5,4 g of ammonium chloride in water and transfer to a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Add 35 ml
of 25 % (volume fraction) ammonia solution and make up to the mark with water.
4.7 Eriochrome black T, 1 % (mass fraction) mixture with sodium chloride.
4.8 Cadmium sulfate hydrate (3CdSO ·8H O).
4 2
The titre of the cadmium sulfate shall be verified as follows.
Weigh exactly 102,6 mg of cadmium sulfate hydrate, transfer quantitatively to a conical flask with water and
shake until dissolved. Add 5 ml of the buffer solution (4.6) and about 20 mg of the eriochrome black T mixture
(4.7). Titrate with the EDTA solution (4.5) until the end point is reached as indicated by a change of colour to
blue.
The volume of EDTA used shall be 20 ml. If the volume differs slightly, correct the mass of cadmium sulfate
used to prepare the standard cadmium solution (4.9) accordingly.
4.9 Cadmium standard solution, corresponding to 1,0 mg of cadmium per mililitre.
4.10 Cadmium standard solution, containing 0,05 mg of cadmium per litre.
Transfer, by means of a pipette, 10 ml of the cadmium standard solution (4.9) to 1 000 ml one-mark volumetric
flask and dilute to the mark with water. Transfer 5 ml of this solution to another 1 000 ml one-mark volumetric
flask and dilute to the mark with the dilute sulfuric acid (4.4).
1 ml of this standard solution contains 0,05 µg of
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6561-1
First edition
2005-02-01
Fruits, vegetables and derived
products — Determination of cadmium
content —
Part 1:
Method using graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometry
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés — Détermination de la teneur en
cadmium —
Partie 1: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four en
graphite
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6561-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 3, Fruit and
vegetable products.
This first edition of ISO 6561-1, together with ISO 6561-2:2004, cancels and replaces ISO 6561:1983, which
has been technically revised.
ISO 6561 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fruits, vegetables and derived products —
Determination of cadmium content:
 Part 1: Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
 Part 2: Method using flame atomic absorption spectrometry

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6561-1:2005(E)

Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of
cadmium content —
Part 1:
Method using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6561 specifies a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5515:1979, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Decomposition of organic matter prior to
analysis — Wet method
3 Principle
Organic matter is decomposed by a wet method and the dissolved cadmium is determined by graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometry.
4 Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade, and which, with the exception of the cadmium sulfate
hydrate (4.8) and the cadmium standard solutions (4.9 and 4.10), shall be free from cadmium. Use only water
which has been double-distilled in borosilicate glass apparatus, or water of at least equivalent purity.
4.1 Sulfuric acid, concentrated, ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
4.2 Nitric acid, ρ = 1,38 g/ml.
4.3 Perchloric acid, ρ = 1,67 g/ml.
4.4 Sulfuric acid, dilute, 10 % (volume fraction).
4.5 EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt), 0,20 mol/l solution.
4.6 Buffer solution, pH 9.
Dissolve 5,4 g of ammonium chloride in water and transfer to a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Add 35 ml
of 25 % (volume fraction) ammonia solution and make up to the mark with water.
4.7 Eriochrome black T, 1 % (mass fraction) mixture with sodium chloride.
4.8 Cadmium sulfate hydrate (3CdSO ·8H O).
4 2
The titre of the cadmium sulfate shall be verified as follows.
Weigh exactly 102,6 mg of cadmium sulfate hydrate, transfer quantitatively to a conical flask with water and
shake until dissolved. Add 5 ml of the buffer solution (4.6) and about 20 mg of the eriochrome black T mixture
(4.7). Titrate with the EDTA solution (4.5) until the end point is reached as indicated by a change of colour to
blue.
The volume of EDTA used shall be 20 ml. If the volume differs slightly, correct the mass of cadmium sulfate
used to prepare the standard cadmium solution (4.9) accordingly.
4.9 Cadmium standard solution, corresponding to 1,0 mg of cadmium per mililitre.
4.10 Cadmium standard solution, containing 0,05 mg of cadmium per litre.
Transfer, by means of a pipette, 10 ml of the cadmium standard solution (4.9) to 1 000 ml one-mark volumetric
flask and dilute to the mark with water. Transfer 5 ml of this solution to another 1 000 ml one-mark volumetric
flask and dilute to the mark with the dilute sulfuric acid (4.4).
1 ml of this standard solution contains 0,05 µg of cadmium.
5 Apparatus
The glassware used shall be washed beforehand with hot concentrated nitric acid and rinsed with water.
Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following.
5.1 Round-bottom flasks, of capacity 1 000 ml.
5.2 One-mark volumetric flasks, of capacity 50 ml.
5.3 One-mark pipettes or graduated pipettes, of appropriate capacities.
5.4 Funnels and ashless filter papers.
5.5 Conical flask.
5.6 Burette, of capacity 25 ml, graduated in 0,1 ml divisions.
5.7 Atomic absorption spectrometer, with a graphite furnace, a background corrector, a
multipotentiometric recorder and a hollow-cath
...