SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
(Main)Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO 21801-2:2022)
This document establishes requirements for reporting the cognitive accessibility of products and technologies, including: Assistive products, Assistive technologies, Consumer technologies, and Household appliances. This document is intended to increase access to a variety of products.
Designers can use this guidance along with any existing standards and accompanying test methods for their products.
Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die Berichterstattung über die kognitive Zugänglichkeit von Systemen, zu denen Hilfsmittel, Assistenztechnologien, Verbrauchertechnologien und Haushaltsgeräte zählen, entsprechend den Empfehlungen in ISO 21801-1:2020 fest.
Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2: Consignation dans un rapport (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à la consignation dans un rapport de l’accessibilité cognitive de systèmes, notamment des produits d’assistance, technologies d’assistance, technologies de consommation et appareils ménagers, conformément aux recommandations données dans l’ISO 21801‑1:2020.
Kognitivna dostopnost - 2. del: Poročanje (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Ta dokument določa zahteve za poročanje o spoznavni dostopnosti izdelkov in tehnologij, vključno z: podpornimi izdelki, podpornimi tehnologijami, potrošniškimi tehnologijami in gospodinjskimi aparati. Namen tega dokumenta je povečati dostopnost različnih izdelkov.
Oblikovalci lahko te smernice uporabljajo skupaj z vsemi obstoječimi standardi in spremljajočimi preskusnimi metodami za svoje izdelke.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
01-april-2023
Kognitivna dostopnost - 2. del: Poročanje (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2: Consignation dans un rapport (ISO 21801-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21801-2:2022
ICS:
11.180.01 Pripomočki za Aids for disabled and
onesposobljene in handicapped persons in
hendikepirane osebe na general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
EN ISO 21801-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.180.01
English Version
Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO 21801-
2:2022)
Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2: Consignation dans un Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung
rapport (ISO 21801-2:2022) (ISO 21801-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21801-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
EN ISO 21801-2:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
EN ISO 21801-2:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21801-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173
"Assistive products" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 293 “Assistive products and
accessibility” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21801-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21801-2:2022 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21801-2
First edition
2022-10
Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
Accessibilité cognitive —
Partie 2: Consignation dans un rapport
Reference number
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Reporting requirements . 1
4.1 General . 1
4.2 Context of use . 2
4.3 Conformance . 2
4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation . 2
4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation . . 3
4.6 Participation of people with diverse cognitive abilities . 4
5 Reporting on motivation and focus . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Means of motivation . 4
5.2.1 Provide options for recruiting interest . 4
5.2.2 Optimize individual options . 5
5.2.3 Support autonomous use. 5
5.2.4 Optimize usefulness and relevance . 5
5.2.5 Provide options for the level of abstraction . 6
5.2.6 Support focus on the desired outcome . 6
5.2.7 Optimize challenge by varying demands and resources . 7
5.2.8 Provide options for self-regulation, self-assessment and coping . 7
5.2.9 Avoid unintentional trigger of inappropriate reactions. 7
5.2.10 Provide means to meet differences in coping abilities . . 8
5.2.11 Optimize for self-determination and confidence . 8
5.2.12 Minimize threats and maximize trust . 8
5.2.13 Avoid enhanced accessibility compromising safety . 9
5.3 Focus, attention and feedback . 9
5.3.1 Clarify the object in focus . 9
5.3.2 Support or facilitate shifts in focus . 9
5.3.3 Avoid features that inadvertently change focus or division of attention . 10
5.3.4 Provide relevant feedback . 10
6 Representation and understanding .10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Multiple means of representation and understanding . 11
6.2.1 Simplify the language – dealing with words . 11
6.2.2 Simplify the language – dealing with symbols . 11
6.2.3 Simplify the message structure . 11
6.2.4 Promote understanding across language barriers .12
6.2.5 Support translation processes .12
6.2.6 Provide and optimize options for finding information .12
6.2.7 Provide equal opportunities for comprehension .13
6.3 Spatial orientation and understanding of values and sizes .13
6.3.1 Provide means for comparing entities and sizes .13
6.3.2 Provide means for understanding scales and relative values .13
6.3.3 Provide means for understanding position in space . 14
6.4 Simple, understandable and logical . 14
6.4.1 Apply a logical and consistent design . 14
6.4.2 Activate or supply background knowledge . 14
6.4.3 Maximize transfer and generalization . . 15
6.4.4 Provide options to understand underlying concepts and ideas.15
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
6.4.5 Minimize complexity . 16
7 Action .16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Means of expression . 16
7.2.1 Provide multiple customizable media for information, expression and
communication . 16
7.3 Organization, planning and time management . 17
7.3.1 Guide goal-setting . 17
7.3.2 Simplify decision-making . 17
7.3.3 Support strategic activities. 17
7.3.4 Provide options for strategic activities . 18
7.3.5 Protect the user from time constraints . 18
7.3.6 Provide options for time perception . 18
7.3.7 Provide options for orientation to time . 19
7.3.8 Provide options to communicate time or preferences for time management . 19
7.3.9 Provide options for adapting time demands . 19
7.4 Flexibility and equal opportunities . 19
7.4.1 Provide accomplishment of tasks in an identical manner whenever possible
or in an equivalent manner when an identical manner is not possible . 19
7.4.2 Optimize access to systems and interoperability . 20
7.4.3 Provide alternative and multiple means of user interaction .20
7.4.4 Clarify options and alternatives that can be chosen and decisions that
must be taken . 20
7.4.5 Provide default configuration and adjustable parameters . 21
7.4.6 Provide individualized access and reuse of user profiles . 21
7.4.7 Ensure that the intended outcome of the system is easily accessible .22
7.5 Support for completion of tasks . 22
7.5.1 Support sustained attention and concentration throughout the process .22
7.5.2 Provide means for avoiding mistakes . 22
7.5.3 Clarify mistakes and errors . 23
7.5.4 Simplify corrections of mistakes and errors. 23
7.5.5 Provide appropriate support functions . 23
7.5.6 Provide content-integrated contextual help . 24
Annex A (informative) Example of reporting template .25
Annex B (informative) Examples of test methods and how to apply them .26
Bibliography .36
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 293, Assistive
products and accessibility, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 21801 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
Introduction
The intended user of this document is anyone who wants to report the cognitive accessibility of a
specific system. Typically, that might be a product owner, manufacturer, designer, or salesperson. Third-
party representatives can also use this document for reporting. This document can be used alongside
existing standards and accompanying test methods for their systems. This document is intended to
increase access to a variety of systems.
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for reporting the cognitive accessibility of systems, including
assistive products, assistive technologies, consumer technologies, and household appliances, according
to the recommendations given in ISO 21801-1:2020.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21801-1, Cognitive accessibility — Part 1: General guidelines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21801-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environment
aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, context of, or influences upon an entity of interest
4 Reporting requirements
4.1 General
The report shall be structured in the following sections:
— The name of the system.
— A description of the context of use for the system.
— Details of the system’s conformance to each recommendation.
Clauses 5, 6 and 7 specify further details of the applicability of the recommendations given in
ISO 21801-1:2020
NOTE An example of reporting template is presented in Annex A.
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
4.2 Context of use
It is expected that the system will serve people from a population with the widest possible range of
user needs, characteristics, and capabilities, including persons with cognitive impairment. As cognitive
impairments vary immensely, it is very important to know the intended users of the system.
While a full context of use report is not needed within a report of cognitive accessibility, it is important
to identify components of the context(s) for which the cognitive accessibility report applies.
The context of use section of the report shall identify:
— the goals and tasks for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported, and
— the environments for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported.
The context of use section of the report should identify any other sources of relevant accessibility
information known about the system.
4.3 Conformance
A report on the cognitive accessibility of a system conforms to this document if it
a) identifies the system to which it applies,
b) identifies the context(s) in which it applies to (see 4.2),
c) reports on the applicability of each of the recommendations contained in ISO 21801-1:2020
Clauses 5, 6, and 7 (see 4.4),
d) reports methods used to confirm that each applicable recommendation is met by the system
(see 4.5 and 4.6).
4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation
The report shall either accept the applicability of a specific recommendation or justify why it is not
applicable. In addition, a report may identify remaining challenges that need to be overcome. To
support the understanding of whether or not a specific subclause is applicable, this document provides
the following:
— A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is most likely to be applicable.
— A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is less likely to be applicable.
— Examples of systems to which the recommendation is or is not applicable.
A report on applicability should be consistent with ISO 21801-1.
It is important to be explicit in justifying a claim of being not applicable. It is equally important to be
explicit in justifying why an applicable recommendation is not applied.
The working procedure is to
a) determine whether the recommendation is applicable or not applicable for the system that is being
reported,
b) describe one of the following scenarios:
1) If applicable:
— Describe how the system meets the recommendation or justify why the system does not
meet the recommendation.
2
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SIST EN ISO 21801-2:2023
ISO 21801-2:2022(E)
— Optionally, describe any remaining user needs or goals related to the recommendation, but
not met.
2) If not applicable:
— Justify why the recommendation is not applicable.
c) describe the method or methods used to evaluate whether the recommendation is met.
4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation
Both qualitative and quantitative approaches may be used to evaluate conformance. The nature of
measuring cognitive accessibility is rarely binary; that is, the result is not usually a clear “yes” or “no,”
but rather “more” or “less.”
EXAMPLE Subclause 5.2.8 asks whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities adequately.
There is no precise measure to assess whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities
adequately. A combination of methods can demonstrate that a system addresses the problem and that a solution
is presented to the user in a reasonable way to support their coping abilities.
NOTE 1 A combination of methods and approaches for evaluating whether recommendations in ISO 21801-1
are met can be used, depending on the intended context of use and the target population. Methods can also be
selected according to the traditions and cultures of the specific domain in which the evaluated system is situated.
NOTE 2 This document does not prescribe specific conformance evaluation methods or approaches. It accepts
methods and approaches including self-reporting, third-party evaluations, user tests, data collection on user
behaviour and system performance, and automated testing.
NOTE 3 Annex B presents a number of potential methods to use when evaluating whether a system meets the
recommendations of ISO 21801-1.
It is important that evaluation be carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of both evaluators and testers
who understand the criteria and spirit of ISO 21801-1 to ensure valid, comprehensive, and reliable
findings. It is often important that more than one test method be used.
Documentation throughout the development process of a system on how specific recommendations
in ISO 21801-1 are being met may be used when doing the conformance evaluation following this
document. Using this approach, the recommendations in ISO 21801-1 would be addressed during the
dev
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
01-februar-2022
Kognitivna dostopnost - 2. del: Poročanje (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)
Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)
Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung (ISO/DIS 21801 2:2021)
Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2 : Consignation dans un rapport (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21801-2
ICS:
11.180.01 Pripomočki za Aids for disabled and
onesposobljene in handicapped persons in
hendikepirane osebe na general
splošno
oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21801-2
ISO/TC 173 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-12-13 2022-03-07
Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
ICS: 11.180.01
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Reporting requirements . 1
4.1 General . 1
4.2 Context of use . 2
4.3 Conformance . 2
4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation . 2
4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation . . 3
4.6 Participation of people with diverse cognitive abilities . 4
5 Reporting on motivation and focus . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Means of motivation . 4
5.2.1 Provide options for recruiting interest . 4
5.2.2 Optimize individual options . 4
5.2.3 Support autonomous use. 5
5.2.4 Optimize usefulness and relevance . 5
5.2.5 Provide options for the level of abstraction . 6
5.2.6 Support focus on the desired outcome . 6
5.2.7 Optimize challenge by varying demands and resources . 6
5.2.8 Provide options for self-regulation, self-assessment and coping . 7
5.2.9 Avoid unintentional trigger of inappropriate reactions. 7
5.2.10 Provide means to meet differences in coping abilities . . 7
5.2.11 Optimize for self-determination and confidence . 8
5.2.12 Minimize threats and maximize trust . 8
5.2.13 Avoid enhanced accessibility compromising safety . 9
5.3 Focus, attention and feedback . 9
5.3.1 Clarify the object in focus . 9
5.3.2 Support or facilitate shifts in focus . 9
5.3.3 Avoid features that inadvertently change focus or division of attention . 10
5.3.4 Provide relevant feedback . 10
6 Representation and understanding .10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Multiple means of representation and understanding . 11
6.2.1 Simplify the language – dealing with words . 11
6.2.2 Simplify the language – dealing with symbols . 11
6.2.3 Simplify the message structure .12
6.2.4 Promote understanding across language barriers .12
6.2.5 Support translation processes .12
6.2.6 Provide and optimize options for finding information .13
6.2.7 Provide equal opportunities for comprehension .13
6.3 Spatial orientation and understanding of values and sizes .13
6.3.1 Provide means for comparing entities and sizes .13
6.3.2 Provide means for understanding scales and relative values . 14
6.3.3 Provide means for understanding position in space . 14
6.4 Simple, understandable and logical . 14
6.4.1 Apply a logical and consistent design . 14
6.4.2 Activate or supply background knowledge . 15
6.4.3 Maximize transfer and generalization . 15
6.4.4 Provide options to understand underlying concepts and ideas.15
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
6.4.5 Minimize complexity . 16
7 Action .16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Means of expression . 16
7.2.1 Provide multiple customizable media for information, expression and
communication . 16
7.3 Organization, planning and time management . 17
7.3.1 Guide goal-setting . 17
7.3.2 Simplify decision-making . 17
7.3.3 Support strategic activities. 17
7.3.4 Provide options for strategic activities . 18
7.3.5 Protect the user from time constraints . 18
7.3.6 Provide options for time perception . 18
7.3.7 Provide options for orientation to time . 19
7.3.8 Provide options to communicate time or preferences for time management . 19
7.3.9 Provide options for adapting time demands . 19
7.4 Flexibility and equal opportunities . 20
7.4.1 Provide accomplishment of tasks in an identical manner whenever possible
or in an equivalent manner when an identical manner is not possible .20
7.4.2 Optimize access to systems and interoperability . 20
7.4.3 Provide alternative and multiple means of user interaction .20
7.4.4 Clarify options and alternatives that can be chosen and decisions that
must be taken . 21
7.4.5 Provide default configuration and adjustable parameters . 21
7.4.6 Provide individualized access and reuse of user profiles . 21
7.4.7 Ensure that the intended outcome of the system is easily accessible .22
7.5 Support for completion of tasks . 22
7.5.1 Support sustained attention and concentration throughout the process .22
7.5.2 Provide means for avoiding mistakes . 22
7.5.3 Clarify mistakes and errors . 23
7.5.4 Simplify corrections of mistakes and errors. 23
7.5.5 Provide appropriate support functions . 23
7.5.6 Provide content-integrated contextual help . 24
Annex A Example of reporting template .25
Annex B Examples of test methods and how to apply them .26
Bibliography .36
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 173/WG 10.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21801 series can be found on the ISO website.
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Introduction
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21801-1. The intended user of this
document is anyone who wants to report the cognitive accessibility of a specific system. Typically,
that might be a product owner, manufacturer, designer, or a salesperson. Third party representatives
can also use this document for reporting. This document can be used alongside existing standards and
accompanying test methods for their systems.
Clauses 5,6 and 7 intentionally correspond to the same numbered clauses in ISO 21801-1 to assist the
use of the document.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
1 Scope
This document establishes requirements for reporting the cognitive accessibility of systems, including
assistive products, assistive technologies, consumer technologies, and household appliances. This
document is intended to increase access to a variety of systems. Designers can use this document along
with any existing standards and accompanying test methods for their systems.
NOTE The recommendations for cognitive accessibility are given in 21801-1
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21801-1, Cognitive accessibility — Part 1: General guidelines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21801-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environment
Context determining the setting and circumstances of all influences upon a system.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC IEEE 42010:2011]
4 Reporting requirements
4.1 General
The report shall be structured in the following sections:
• The name of the system
• A description of the context of use for the system
• Details of the system’s conformance to each recommendation
NOTE A template for reporting conformance is presented in Annex A.
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4.2 Context of use
It is expected that the system will serve people from a population with the widest possible range of user
needs, characteristics, and capabilities, including persons with cognitive impairment. It is important
to note that cognitive impairments vary immensely, and it is therefore very important to know the
intended users of the system.
While a full context-of-use report is not needed within a report of cognitive accessibility, it is important
to identify components of the context(s) for which the cognitive accessibility report applies.
The context of use section of the report shall:
• Identify the goals and tasks for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported.
• Identify the environments for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported.
The context of use section of the report should identify any other sources of relevant accessibility
information known about the system.
4.3 Conformance
A report on the cognitive accessibility of a system conforms to this document if it:
a) identifies the system to which it applies,
b) identifies the context(s) in which it applies to (see 4.2),
c) reports on the applicability of each of the recommendations contained in Clauses 5, 6, and 7 of
ISO 21801-1 (see 4.4), and
d) reports methods used to confirm that each applicable recommendation is met by the system (see
4.5 and 4.6).
4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation
The report shall either accept the applicability of a specific recommendation or justify why it is not
applicable. In addition, a report may identify remaining challenges that need to be overcome. To support
the understanding of whether or not a specific subclause is applicable, this document provides:
• A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is most likely to be applicable.
• A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is less likely to be applicable.
• Examples of systems to which the recommendation is or is not applicable.
A report on applicability should be consistent with ISO 21801-1.
NOTE Clauses 5, 6, and 7 intentionally correspond to the same numbered clauses and subclauses in
ISO 21801-1.
It is important to be explicit in justifying a claim of being not applicable. It is equally important to be
explicit in justifying why an applicable recommendation is not applied.
The working procedure is to:
1) determine whether the recommendation is applicable or not applicable for the system that is being
reported and then
2) describe one of the following scenarios:
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a) If applicable:
• Describe how the system meets the recommendation or justify why the system does not meet
the recommendation.
• Optionally, describe any remaining user needs or goals related to the recommendation, but not
met.
b) If not applicable:
• Justify why the recommendation is not applicable.
and then, finally
3) describe the method or methods used to evaluate whether the recommendation is met.
4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation
Both qualitative and quantitative approaches may be used to evaluate conformance. The nature of
measuring cognitive accessibility is rarely binary; that is, the result is not usually a clear “yes” or “no,”
but rather “more” or “less.”
EXAMPLE 1 Clause 5.2.8 asks whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities adequately.
There is no precise measure to assess whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities
adequately. A combination of methods can demonstrate that a system addresses the problem and that a solution
is presented to the user in a reasonable way to support their coping abilities.
NOTE 1 A combination of methods and approaches for evaluating whether recommendations in ISO 21801-1
can be used, depending on the intended context of use and the target population. Methods can also be selected
according to the traditions and cultures of the specific domain in which the evaluated system is situated.
NOTE 2 This document does not prescribe specific conformance evaluation methods or approaches. It accepts
methods and approaches including self-reporting, third-party evaluations, user tests, data collection on user
behaviour and system performance, and automated testing.
NOTE 3 Annex B presents a number of potential methods to use when evaluating whether a system meets the
recommendations of ISO 21801-1.
It is important that evaluation is carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of both evaluators and testers
who understand the criteria and spirit of ISO 21801-1 to ensure valid, comprehensive, and reliable
findings. It is often important that more than one test method is used.
Documentation throughout the development process of a system on how specific guidelines in
ISO 21801-1 are being met may be used when doing the conformance evaluation following this
document. Using this approach, the recommendations in ISO 21801-1 would be addressed during the
development process, with the results included in the final design of the system. This would allow for
documenting the reasoning behind the final design and how the features address the guidelines in
specific clauses of ISO 21801-1.
There might be previous research on cognitive accessibility connected to a specific domain or a
specific type of systems that resulted in a set of recommendations, heuristics, or guidelines. Such
recommendations, often presented as checklists, may be used in the evaluation process.
NOTE 4 Meeting a domain-specific checklist – even one that is designed to address accessibility – might not be
sufficient to address all the recommendations in ISO 21801-1. Many checklists designed to address accessibility
focus on accessibility for people with sensory impairment rather than cognitive impairment. Even domain-
specific checklists for cognitive accessibility can address only some of the guidelines in ISO 21801-1.
Quantitative data may be collected and used during the development or evaluation processes to
determine whether a guideline in ISO 21801-1 is being met. Data about the system may be collected
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directly from the system or by using various third-party data collection tools. Quantitative data may
also be gathered during some types of user testing.
NOTE 5 There are several potential methods to collect quantitative data during user testing. Commonly used
methods include eye gazing analysis and or performance statistics.
4.6 Participation of people with diverse cognitive abilities
People with diverse cognitive abilities should be invited to participate in the design and development
process, in iterative testing during development, and in evaluation of the fully developed system. Data
collected from cooperation with people with diverse cognition typically result in a set of qualitative
data. This data can be used to draw a conclusion about whether a guideline in ISO 21801-1 is being met.
In all test methods where there is participation of people with cognitive impairments, the focus of the
evaluation should remain on the accessibility of the system, not the people involved. In all test methods
where there is participation, people with diverse cognition should be included. Efforts should be made
to scaffold the methods of participation to allow for participation of people with diverse cognitive
abilities.
Evaluations should be performed in a realistic context, including when done in a test lab.
NOTE There are several potential methods for interaction with users. Commonly used methods are user
observations, cognitive/barrier walkthroughs, self-reporting protocols, focus groups, and interviews.
5 Reporting on motivation and focus
5.1 General
The report shall consider how people differ in their means of motivation and focus to learn or perform
a task.
NOTE For further information see 21801–1.
5.2 Means of motivation
5.2.1 Provide options for recruiting interest
Recommendation 5.2
...
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