SIST EN 12839:2002
(Main)Precast concrete products - Elements for fences
Precast concrete products - Elements for fences
This standard covers prefabricated concrete elements which can be used together or in combination with other elements to erect fences. The current concrete elements include posts (reinforced, prestressed or post-tensioned concrete), solid or base or open panels, slabs, rails, spurs, struts and gravel boards. The purpose of this standard is to define: a) the terminology; b) the main guidelines needed for concrete elements which are well suited to their intended use.
Vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse - Betonelemente für Zäune
Diese Norm behandelt vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse(aus Stahl- oder Spannbeton), die zusammen oder in Verbindung mit anderen Bauteilen zur Errichtung von Zäunen, z.B. Einfreidungen, verwendet werden können. Der vorgesehene Verwendungszweck kann nichttragende bzw. unerheblich tragende Funktionen umfassen. Die üblichen Betonerzeugnisse sind Pfähle , Voll- oder durchbrochene Tafeln, Platten, Riegel, Stützpfeiler, Abstützungen und Sockelplatten. Die Norm legt die Bewertung der Konformität der von dieser Europäischen Norm erfassten Produkte fest. Die Bedingungen für die Kennzeichnung werden ebenfalls behandelt.
AMMERKUNG Anhang A enthält Angaben zu den Zaunarten, in die diese Betonelemente eingebaut werden können.
Produits préfabriqués en béton - Eléments pour clôtures
La présente Norme européenne couvre les éléments préfabriqués en béton (armé ou précontraint) qui peuvent etre utilisés ensemble ou en combinaison avec d'autres éléments pour réaliser des clôtures, telles que clôtures séparatives, par exemple.
Les emplois prévus peuvent etre non structuraux ou partiellement structuraux.
Les éléments en béton courants sont les poteaux, les dalles pleines et les panneaux ajourés, les plaques, les lisses, les poteaux d'embase, les jambes de force et les plaques gravillonnées.
Elle précise l'évaluation de la conformité des éléments a la présente Norme européenne. Les conditions de marquage sont incluses.
NOTE L'annexe A fournit des informations sur les types de clôtures possibles dans lesquels ces éléments peuvent etre incorporés.
Betonski izdelki - Elementi za ograje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Precast concrete products - Elements for fencesBetonski izdelki - Elementi za ograjeProduits préfabriqués en béton - Eléments pour clôturesVorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse - Betonelemente für Zäune91.100.30Beton in betonski izdelkiConcrete and concrete products91.090Konstrukcije zunaj stavbExternal structuresICS:SIST EN 12839:2002enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12839:200101-september-2002SIST EN 12839:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12839May 2001ICS 91.090; 91.100.30English versionPrecast concrete products - Elements for fencesProduits préfabriqués en béton - Eléments pour clôturesVorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse - Betonelemente für ZäuneThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 March 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12839:2001 E
Page 2EN 12839:2001ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Requirements.75Test methods.146Evaluation of conformity.237Marking and labelling.26Annex A (informative)
Basic types of fences - Terminology.28Annex B (normative)
Index of references for surface finish as cast - Reference photographs used toappreciate the incidence of blownotes in surfaces.34Annex C (informative)
Factory production control procedures.38Annex D (informative)
Acceptance testing of a consignment at delivery.41Annex E (normative)
Test of water absorption.43Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EUConstruction Products Directive.44Bibliography.47
Page 3EN 12839:2001ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 "Precast concrete products", thesecretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by November 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby February 2003.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Page 4EN 12839:20011 ScopeThis European standard covers prefabricated concrete elements (in reinforced or prestressed concrete) which canbe used together or in combination with other elements to erect fences e.g. boundary fences.The intended uses may be nonstructural or lightly structural.The current concrete elements include posts, solid or open panels, slabs, rails, spurs, struts and base panels.It provides for the evaluation of conformity of elements to this European Standard. Marking conditions are included.NOTEAnnex A intends to provide information on the possible types of fences in which these elements may be part of.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 206-1:2000, Concrete - Performance, production and conformityEN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete – Part 1: SamplingEN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete – Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens andmouldsEN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete – Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength testsprEN 12390-3:2001, Testing hardened concrete – Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimensEN 12390-4, Testing hardened concrete – Part 4: Compressive strength - Specification for testing machine3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply :3.1 Types of fencesAnnex A provides illustrations of typical fences3.1.1 solid fencefence made of posts and solid panels or cladding3.1.2 open-work fencefence made of posts and open-work panels possibly including solid panels3.1.3 mesh or wire fencefence made of posts and woven or welded wire mesh, and/or wires
Page 5EN 12839:20013.1.4 mixed fencefence made of posts and a combination of different elements with at least one base panel3.1.5 rail fencefence made of posts and rails3.1.6 anti-intruder fencemesh fence, solid fence or mixed fence with an enhanced level of security provided by the addition of barbed wire,barbed tape or similar attached to posts with cranked or vertical extensions3.2 PostVertical element of reinforced or prestressed concrete, intended to be buried or fastened at its baseNOTEThis element is designed to accommodate solid or open-work panels and/or rails, meshes or wires.3.2.1 intermediate postpost used in the fence line, interposed between ends, direction changes and straining points (if any)3.2.2 accessory postpost shaped and designed to provide a particular function3.2.2.1 corner postpost used at a change of direction3.2.2.2 end postpost used at the extremity of a fence line3.2.2.3 straining postpost from which tension wires are stretched, with or without struts (e.g. end-straining post, corner post, intermediatestraining post)3.2.2.4 gate postpost used to support a gate3.3 Railhorizontal element of reinforced or prestressed concrete, connected to and supported by the postNOTERails for sports grounds are distinguished from other types of rails.3.4 Panel3.4.1 solid panelpanel of reinforced concrete
Page 6EN 12839:20013.4.2 open-work panelpanel with regular or varied open-work patterns3.4.3 base panelpanel of reinforced concrete used between posts at ground level3.5 Spurshort post intended to support a fence post made with a material other than concrete3.6 Strutelement designed to provide support to post carrying horizontal loads3.7 Dimension3.7.1 work dimensiondimension specified by the manufacturer and generally complying with the dimension indicated in the project or inthe manufacturer technical documentationNOTEThe design height of the posts for solid fences is the height of the solid part of the fence.3.7.2 actual dimensiondimension found by measurements3.8 Surface finish3.8.1 surface finish as castsurface finish obtained at demoulding, if necessary after surfacing or finishing3.8.2 surface finish treatedsurface finish obtained after complementary treatment on the concrete in fresh state or in hardened state3.9 Heat treatmentthe process of heating the fresh concrete in order to accelerate cement hydration where the temperature of theconcrete after compaction is above 45 °C or is in excess of 25 °C above the ambient temperature3.10 Loadbearing capacityloadbearing capacity is the ability of an element to resist a maximum failure load3.11 Complementary loadbearing capacitycomplementary loadbearing capacity is the ability of an element to resist a defined load under service conditionsand a defined failure load.
Page 7EN 12839:20014 Requirements4.1 Material requirementsOnly materials with established suitability shall be used.For a material, the establishment of suitability may result from a European Standard which refers specifically to theuse of this material in concrete or in concrete products ; it may also result, under the same conditions, from an ISOStandard.Where this material is not covered by a European or ISO Standard, or if it deviates from the requirements of thesestandards, the establishment of suitability may result from : the relevant national standards or provisions valid in the place of use of the product which refers specifically tothe use of this material in concrete or in concrete products ;or a European Technical approval specifically to the use of this material in concrete or concrete products.For new materials, where none of the above requirements can be satisfied, the properties shall be documented bytheoretical and/or experimental evaluation.4.2 Production requirements4.2.1 Concrete production4.2.1.1 Composition4.2.1.1.1 Use of admixturesThe total amount of admixtures, if any, shall not exceed the maximum dosage recommended by the admixtureproducer and not exceed 50 g/kg cement except where higher amounts of admixtures are necessary in specialcases, e. g. for high strength concrete. The influence of the higher dosage on the performance and the durability ofthe concrete shall be considered.Admixtures used in quantities less than 2 g/kg cement are only permitted if they are dispersed in part of the mixingwater.If the total quantity of liquid admixtures exceeds 3 l/m3 of concrete, its water content shall be taken into accountwhen calculating the water/cement ratio.The compatibility of the admixtures shall be checked in the initial tests where more than one admixture is used.4.2.1.1.2 Chloride contentFor chloride content EN 206-1:2000, 5.2.7 applies.4.2.1.1.3 Resistance to alkali-silica reactionWhere aggregates contain varieties of silica susceptible to attack by alkalis (Na2O and K2O originating fromcement or other sources) and if the product is exposed to humid conditions, special precautions in the choice ofconstituents shall be taken.4.2.1.2 Concrete temperatureThe temperature of fresh concrete shall not be less 5 °C at the time of placing.
Page 8EN 12839:20014.2.1.3 CuringAll surfaces of newly cast element shall be protected against drying out if necessary.4.2.1.4 Heat treatmentWhere heat treatment (see 3.9) is applied to concrete in order to accelerate its hardening, it shall be demonstratedby initial test that the required strength is achieved for each concrete batch.4.2.1.5 Early compressive strength of concrete for prestressed productsThe minimum compressive strength at transfer of the prestress force shall be 25 N/mm2.4.2.2 Hardened concrete4.2.2.1 Compressive strengthUnder the test conditions defined in 5.5, the characteristic compressive strength of concrete for the fractile 0,05 1),after a 28 days hardening, shall be at least equal to the values given in Table 1.Moreover no specimen shall have a compressive strength less than 0,8 times the characteristic value.Table 1 — Characteristic compressive strengthConcreteReinforced concretePrestressed concreteSpecimensCylindersN/mm2CubesN/mm2CylindersN/mm2CubesN/mm2Characteristiccompressive strength ofconcrete for the fractile0,05354540504.2.2.2Tensile strengthNot relevant.4.2.3 Reinforcement4.2.3.1 Length of longitudinal reinforcement for postsThe length of the reinforcement shall not be less than the length of the element minus 100 mm.4.2.3.2 Position of prestressing steel wiresFor prestressing wires of diameter d mm the minimum concrete cover to the surface of any wire shall be 2,5 d or10 mm whichever is the greater. The minimum spacing between wires shall be 4 d mm centre to centre. Therequirements of 4.3.8.2 also apply.
1)This means that statistical interpretation of the tests results demonstrate that 95 % of the corresponding production are atleast equal to the specification.
Page 9EN 12839:20014.3 Finished product requirement4.3.1 Geometrical propertiesThe dimensions of the elements are not fixed.4.3.1.1 Production tolerancesUnder the test conditions defined in 5.1, actual dimensions shall conform to the corresponding work dimensionswithin the following limits:a) posts : length: ± 1 % cross-section dimensions: ± 3 mm straightness: < 0,5 % location of holes: ± 5 mmb) rails : length (between supports): ± 5 mm cross-section dimensions: ± 3 mm straightness: < 0,5 %c) panels : length: ± 5 mm height: ± 3 mm thickness: ± 2 mm squareness: difference between diagonals : < 0,5 % of their effective mean value flatness: < 0,2 % of the length4.3.2 Surface characteristics4.3.2.1 Surface finish as castIn accordance with annex B, the total surface area of blowholes shall not exceed 3 % of the concrete surface andno blowhole shall exceed 150 mm2 (scale 5 of CIB document n°24).4.3.2.2 Surface finish treated(see 5.3.2)NOTEPossible efflorescences due to lime or water migrations have no effect on the performances of the elements ; theyreduce progressively with time.4.3.2.3 Ends of the elementsFor prestressed elements the ends of the wires shall be flushed with the visible parts of the elements, then coatedwith a waterproofing product provided there is adequate data on its durability.
Page 10EN 12839:2001Top ends of reinforced posts shall be shaped to allow water runoff.4.3.2.4 Interlocking surfacesInterlocking surfaces shall have no flaw or burr which could hinder the assembly of the elements.4.3.3 Mechanical resistance4.3.3.1 Loadbearing capacityAs defined in 3.10 the loadbearing capacity shall be declared according to the result of the load testing asdescribed in 5.6.1.4.3.3.2 Complementary loadbearing capacityAn element shall withstand a complementary loadbearing capacity as defined in 3.11 corresponding to: its minimum failure load or, for posts, its normal service and failure loads ; in the case of posts for solid fences, the class of wind under end use conditions, when tested in accordancewith 5.6.2.4.3.3.2.1 Basis of the requirements for mechanical propertiesThe requirements for mechanical properties of the elements (Tables 3 to 10) are based on :a) a maximum above-ground height equal to 2,50 m (excluding extensions for barbed wires) ;b) a centre to centre distance between posts of : 2 m for solid fences and rails for sports grounds ; 3 m for mesh or wire fences ; 2,5 m for other types of fences ;c) classes of wind for posts for solid fences :—Three classes of wind are defined in Table 2.For different fence heights or post centres, properties shall be determined by interpolation.Table 2 — Classes of wind for posts for solid fencesWind characteristicsNormal wind speedBasic dynamic pressureaClassesof windkm/hm/sN/mm2A100285.10-4B120337.10-4C140399.10-4aConventional value at 10 m above ground, for a normal site, without screen effect, on an element of which thelargest dimension is 0,50 m
Page 11EN 12839:20014.3.3.2.2 Mechanical resistance of postsUnder the test conditions defined in 5.6.2, posts shall meet the following requirements :a) at the limit of working conditions : after release of the normal service load (Tables 3 to 6) the deflection shallnot exceed 1 % of the element's above-ground length, and any cracks shall be closed ;b) at the ultimate limit state : the failure load shall be at least equal to the value of the normal failure load (Tables3 to 6) for the fractile 0,05 1).Moreover, no post shall have a failure load of less than 0,8 times the normal failure load.NOTEIt is recommended that posts for solid fences of at least class B should be used on the sea front or in exposedareas. Local provisions valid in the place where the fence is to be erected should be considered.The mechanical resistance of posts requirements 4.3.3.2.2 apply but normal and failure loads are increased by50 %.For dimensions which exceed those indicated in the tables, the required mechanical properties shall be definedindividually.The values of loads for intermediate posts are :Table 3 — Intermediate posts for solid fencesAbove-ground height of the slabs (m)1,001,502,002,50Class of windClass of postNormal service load (N)ABCABC1 4001 4001 4001 4001 8002 3001 8002 5003 2002 2003 1004 000Class of windClass of postNormal failure load (N)ABCABC2 3002 3002 6002 3003 2004 1003 2004 5005 7004 0005 6007 200Table 4 — Intermediate posts for open-work fences and posts for mixed fences with a height of the solidpart longer than 900 mmAbove-ground height of panels (m)< 1,201,502,002,50Normal service load (N)1 4001 4001 8002 200Normal failure load (N)2 3002 3003 2004 000Table 5 — Intermediate posts for mesh or wire fences and posts for mixed fences with a height of the solidpart lower or equal to 900 mmAbove-ground height of posts (m)< 1,201,502,002,50Normal service load (N)1 4001 4001 4001 400Normal failure load (N)2 1002 1002 1002 100
1) This means that statistical interpretation of the tests results demonstrates that 95 % of the corresponding production are atleast equal to the specification.
Page 12EN 12839:2001Table 6 — Intermediate posts for rail-fencesIntended purposeSports groundsOther typesCentre to centre distance of posts (m)2,002,50Normal service load (N)4 0003 200Normal failure load (N)5 9004 8004.3.3.2.3 Mechanical resistance of base or solid or open-work panels and railsUnder the test conditions defined in 5.6.1.4 and 5.6.1.5, base, solid or open-work panels and rails shall meet thefollowing requirements :a) the failure load shall be at least equal to the normal failure load for the fractile 0,05 1) ;b) moreover, no element shall have a failure load less than 0,8 times the normal failure load.Values of minimum failure loads are given in Tables 7 to 10.Table 7 — Solid panelsLength of panels (m)1,90 to 2,05Height of panels (m)> 0,25 to 0,50 max.0,25 max.class A800600Minimumfailure load (N)class B1 000750NOTEIt is recommended that panels of at least class B should be used on the sea front or in exposed areas. Localprovisions valid in the place where the fence is to be erected should be considered.Table 8 — Open-work panelsLength of panels (m)1,90 to 2,05Height of panels (m)0,90 max.> 0,90 to 1,10 max.> 1,10 to 1,25 max.Minimum failure load (N)8001 5001 900Table 9 — Base panelsCentre to centre distance between posts (m)2,002,50Height of panels (m)0,25 max.> 0,25 to 0,50max.0,25 max.> 0,25 to 0,50max.Minimum failure load (N)6008007501 000Table 10 — RailsIntended purposeSports groundsOthersNominal length of rails (centre to centredistance between posts) (m)2,002,002,50Minimum failure load (N)3 0002 0002 600
1)This means that statistical interpretation of the tests results demonstrates that 95 % of the corresponding production are atleast equal to the specification.
Page 13EN 12839:20014.3.4 Resistance to fireNot relevant.4.3.5 Acoustical insulationNot relevant.4.3.6 Thermal resistanceNot relevant.4.3.7 Durability of the loadbearing capacity against corrosion and freeze-thawThe durability of the loadbearing capacity of elements for fences in normal serviceability conditions is mainlyensured by the characteristic compressive strength of concrete in compliance with 4.2.2.1.4.3.8 Other requirements4.3.8.1 Safety in handlingMechanical resistance specified in 4.3.3 takes products handling into consideration. In addition, the supplier shallindicate if necessary the limits for handling and storage.4.3.8.2 Concrete coverConcrete cover relates to the main external faces of elements.Under the test conditions defined in 5.2 the actual concrete cover shall be at least : either 15 mm, reduced to 10 mm when the thickness of the element section is
10 cm with a steel wirediameter
10 mm ; or the maximum aggregate size;whichever is the greatest.Moreover : for prestressed elements 4.2.3.2 applies ; for reinforced posts, the actual concrete cover measured at top and base shall be at least 15 mm.4.3.8.3 Water absorption of concreteUnder the test conditions defined in 5.4, the water absorption of concrete for the fractile 0,05 1) shall not exceed6,5 % in mass. Moreover, no individual value on specimen shall exceed 6,8 %.
1)This means that statistical interpretation of the tests results demonstrates that 95 % of the corresponding production are atleast equal to the specification.
Page 14EN 12839:20015 Test methods5.1 Dimensions5.1.1 Measuring equipmentMeasuring equipment shall be accurate to 0,5 mm, until 2 m, and accurate to 1 mm beyond.The equipment is composed of : a 3 m tape measure for measurement of dimensions of rectangular sides ; callipers for measurement of thickness ; a 3 m aluminium straight edge and a set of machinist's slip gauges for measurement of flatness-straightness ; a 500 mm measuring rule for other measurements.It is recommended that this equipment be supplemented with two set squares to facilitate the location of the pointsfrom which measurements are to be taken.5.1.2 Posts and rails5.1.2.1 Length and sectionLength : 221LtLtSection : 44321SSSSFigure 1 — Measurement of length and section of post and rail
Page 15EN 12839:20015.1.2.2 Straightness3124Key1 Aluminium straight edge2 Post or rail3 Maximum deviation recorded with an adjusting wedge4 Plane surfacex100deviation max.%LtporfFigure 2 — Measurement of straightness of post and rail5.1.3 Panels5.1.3.1 Length, height, thickness and squareness1002
:% Squareness4
: Thickness2
:Length 2121432121DDDDeeeeLLHeight : 221hhFigure 3 — Measurement of length, height, thickness and squareness of panels
Page 16EN 12839:20015.1.3.2 FlatnessThe maximum deviation between the surface and the rule, which is measured by the sweep of the slip gauge, isthe flatness deviation. 3
41
2Key1 Final position2 Gauge3 Initial position4 Direction of rotationFigure 4 — Measurement of flatness of panels5.2 Concrete coverThe concrete cover shall be measured on whole elements with a covermeter or on elements which have beentested to failure adjacently to the fracture. Where a covermeter is used, its calibration shall be checked before byusing concrete samples containing steel reinforcement with known covers.5.3 Surface characteristic5.3.1 Surface finish as castThe surface finish shall be assessed against the reference photographs in annex B (on the 1/1 scale).5.3.2 Surface finish treatedThe surface finish shall be compared with the manufacturer's documentation or with a sample previously acceptedby the customer.5.4 Water absorptionThe test method given in annex E shall apply.
Page 17EN 12839:20015.5 Concrete strengthCompressive strength shall be determined in accordance with prEN 12390-3:2001 using three test specimens.These test specimens shall be shaped and cured in accordance with EN 12390-1 and EN 12390-2 from freshconcrete that has been sampled in accordance with EN 12350-1. Test specimens for assessing concrete strengthat transfer of prestress shall be cured in a manner similar to that of the elements concerned.To determine the compressive strength at 28 days, dimensions of specimens shall be cylinders 150 mm diameter X300 mm length, or 150 mm cubes.Specimens for compressive strength at transfer of prestress shall be 100 mm cubes.5.6 Load testing5.6.1 Test method for loadbearing capacity5.6.1.1 ApparatusA testing machine complying with EN 12390-4, Class 3.5.6.1.2 Test pieceA test piece shall consist of one complete element.5.6.1.3 Testing of posts5.6.1.3.1 PrincipleEach element is tested in horizontal position2). The test load is applied at the midpoint of the above-ground lengthand in the direction of wind loading, as shown in Figure 5.The weight of the post shall be taken into consideration.5.6.1.3.2 ProcedureEach element shall undergo the following operations: measure the appropriate distance 2LLhse for the application of loads ; clamp the post horizontally at its lower end so that the free length of the posts equals its above-ground lengthLhs when in service ; apply the load at the distance Le from the clamped end ; increase the load at a rate of 100 N/s ± 20 N/s ;
2) Because of security during testing and stroke of hydraulic jack, posts are tested in horizontal position with a vertical loadapplied at the midpoint above ground level.
Page 18EN 12839:2001 record the failure load R.h=300mm300mm1
400 mmKey1RaisingFigure 5 — Testing of post5.6.1.3.3 Expression of resultsNote down the total length of the post, the above-ground length Lhs, the mass per length mp, the distance Le.On the basis of the failure load R recorded, calculate the real failure load RR :
Page 19EN 12839:2001LhsmpRRRwhere :Ris the failure load recorded, in newtons ;mpis the mass of the post per metre of length, in newtons by metre ;Lhsis the above-ground height of posts in metres ; for posts for anti-intruder fence, Lhs is the height of thestraight part of the fence, in metres ;5.6.1.4 Testing of panelsLay the element horizontally over two supports separated by a distance d which is the total length Lt of the panelminus a conventional value of 50 mm at each end (to represent the overlap of the panel in the post). Then applythe load at a rate of 100 N/s ± 20 N/s, over the whole width of the element and over a length of 300 mm, as shownin Figure 6.Record the failure load, in newtons.Ltd50 mm50 mm300 mm
1
2Key1 Packing piece (wood)2 LoadFigure 6 — Testing of panels5.6.1.5 Testing of railsLay the element horizontally over two supports which are separated by a distance d which is the total length Lt ofthe rail minus a conventional value of 50 mm at each end (to represent the overlap of the panel in the rail). Rest theelement on the two supports according to the conditions in use, either on one side or, suitably secured, on oneedge as shown in Figure 7.Apply the load at a rate of 100 N/s
20 N/s, over the whole thickness and over a length of 450 mm, as shown inFigure 8.Record the failure load, in newtons.
Page 20EN 12839:2001
12Key1 Complementary forms in hard wood2 RailsFigure 7 — Examples of complementary forms in hard woodLtd50 mm50 mm450 mm
12Key1 Packing (wood)2 LoadFigure 8 — Testing of rails5.6.2 Test method for complementary loadbearing capacity5.6.2.1 ApparatusA testing machine complying with standard EN 12390-4, Class 3.5.6.2.2 Test pieceA test piece shall consist of one complete element.
Page 21EN 12839:20015.6.2.3 Testing of posts5.6.2.3.1 PrincipleEach element is tested in horizontal position3). The test load is applied at the midpoint of the above-ground lengthand in the direction of wind loading, as shown in Figure 5.The weight of the post shall be taken into consideration.So, each test load to be applied (CES and CER) is calculated as follows :hspLmCCEwith 2LLhsewhere :CEis the test load to be applied, in newtons (CES = test service load, CER = test failure load) ;Cis the normal load specified in Tables 3 to 6, except for straining posts for which values in the tables shallbe multiplied by 1,5, in newtons ;mpis the weight of the post per metre of length, in newtons per metre ;Lhsis the fence height (in metres) which the post in question is intended to support, excluding any barbed wireextensions ;Leis the distance between the embedding of the post and the point of application of load, in metres.EXAMPLEFor a class C intermediate post with Lhs = 2,5 m and mp = 400 N/m :a) the weight of the post out of embedding will be mp x Lhs = 1 000 N ;b) from reference to Tables 3 to 6 : normal service load is 4 000 N ; normal failure load is 7 200 N.Therefore the test
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