SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
(Main)Rigid cellular plastics - Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells (ISO 4590:2002)
Rigid cellular plastics - Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells (ISO 4590:2002)
ISO 14590:2005 applies to killed cold-reduced steel sheet of two types that are commercially available in the world. Type 1 (Table 1) represents steels that are produced to mechanical properties only and Type 2 (Table 2) are produced to both mechanical and chemical properties. Bake hardening steels are included in both types. All these steels are commonly produced by continuous annealing.
Harte Schaumstoffe - Bestimmung des Volumenanteils offener und geschlossener Zellen (ISO 4590:2002)
Diese Internationale Norm legt ein allgemeines Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Volumenanteils offener und ge-schlossener Zellen von harten Schaumstoffen durch Messung des geometrischen Volumens und anschließender Messung des gasdichten Volumens der Probekörper fest. Dieses Verfahren schließt eine Korrektur des schein-baren Volumens offener Zellen ein, indem die durch Anschneiden bei der Herstellung der Probekörper geöffneten Zellen berücksichtigt werden. Für die Messung des gasdichten Volumens werden zwei alternative Verfahren (Ver-fahren 1 und Verfahren 2) sowie die entsprechende Prüfeinrichtung festgelegt. Die nach Verfahren 2 erhaltenen Ergebnisse (siehe Abschnitt 9) sind nur für die Verwendung zu Vergleichszwecken vorgesehen.
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides - Détermination du pourcentage volumique de cellules ouvertes et de cellules fermées (ISO 4590:2002)
L'ISO 14590:2005 est applicable aux tôles d'acier calmé laminées à froid de deux types commercialisées dans le monde. Le type 1 représente les aciers qui sont fabriqués en fonction de propriétés mécaniques seulement, et le type 2 ceux qui sont produits en fonction à la fois de propriétés mécaniques et chimiques. Les aciers à durcissement à la cuisson sont inclus dans ces deux types. Tous ces aciers sont couramment produits par recuit en continu.
Trdi penjeni polimerni materiali - Določanje prostorninskega deleža odprtih in zaprtih celic (ISO 4590:2002)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
01-december-2003
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 4590:2000
7UGLSHQMHQLSROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL'RORþDQMHSURVWRUQLQVNHJDGHOHåDRGSUWLKLQ
]DSUWLKFHOLF ,62
Rigid cellular plastics - Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of
closed cells (ISO 4590:2002)
Harte Schaumstoffe - Bestimmung des Volumenanteils offener und geschlossener Zellen
(ISO 4590:2002)
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides - Détermination du pourcentage volumique de cellules
ouvertes et de cellules fermées (ISO 4590:2002)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4590:2003
ICS:
83.100 Penjeni polimeri Cellular materials
SIST EN ISO 4590:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4590
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2003
ICS 83.100 Supersedes EN ISO 4590:1995
English version
Rigid cellular plastics - Determination of the volume percentage
of open cells and of closed cells (ISO 4590:2002)
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides - Détermination du Harte Schaumstoffe - Bestimmung des Volumenanteils
pourcentage volumique de cellules ouvertes et de cellules offener und geschlossener Zellen (ISO 4590:2002)
fermées (ISO 4590:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 March 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4590:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
EN ISO 4590:2003 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 4590:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics"
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as EN ISO
4590:2003 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by
IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2003.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4590:1995.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4590:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4590:2003 without any
modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).
2
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
EN ISO 4590:2003 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications,
indicated by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 1923 1981 Cellular plastics and rubbers - Determination EN ISO 1923 1995
of linear dimensions
3
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4590
Second edition
2002-03-01
Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of
the volume percentage of open cells and of
closed cells
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides — Détermination du pourcentage volumique
de cellules ouvertes et de cellules fermées
Reference number
ISO 4590:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative reference.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Test specimens.3
6 Conditioning and test atmospheres .3
7 Measurement of surface area S and geometrical volume V .3
g
8 Determination of impenetrable volume V by method 1: Pressure variation (pyknometer).5
i
9 Determination of impenetrable volume V by method 2: Volume expansion .9
i
10 Correction for specimen surface cells opened during specimen preparation .13
11 Expression of results .14
12 Precision and accuracy.14
13 Test report .15
Annex A (normative) Notes on procedure.16
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4590 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 10, Cellular plastics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4590:1981), which has been technically revised.
Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard.
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4590:2002(E)
Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of the volume percentage
of open cells and of closed cells
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a general procedure for the determination of the volume percentage of open
and of closed cells of rigid cellular plastics, by measurement first of the geometrical volume and then of the air-
impenetrable volume of test specimens. The procedure includes the correction of the apparent open-cell volume by
taking into account the surface cells opened by cutting during specimen preparation. Two alternative methods
(method 1 and method 2), and corresponding apparatus, are specified for the measurement of the impenetrable
volume. The results obtained from method 2 (see clause 9) are intended to be used for comparison purposes only.
2 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 1923:1981, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of linear dimensions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
surface area
S
the total surface area of the test specimen determined by measuring its geometrical dimensions
3.2
geometrical volume
V
g
the volume of the test specimen determined by measuring its geometrical dimensions
3.3
surface/volume ratio
r
S
the ratio for the test specimen
V
g
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
3.4
impenetrable volume
V
i
the volume of the test specimen into which air cannot penetrate and from which gas cannot escape, under the test
conditions
3.5
apparent volume percentage of open cells
ω
r
the ratio
VV−
gi
×100
V
g
NOTE It includes the volume of the cells opened during cutting of the test specimen, and depends on the nature of the
cellular plastic under test and on the surface/volume ratio r of the test specimen.
3.6
corrected volume percentage of open cells
ω
0
the apparent volume percentage of cells ω , corrected to take into account the surface cells opened by cutting
r
during preparation of the test specimen
NOTE It is the limit of the apparent volume percentage of open cells ω , as the surface/volume ratio r approaches zero.
r
3.7
corrected volume percentage of closed cells
ψ
0
the volume percentage remaining after accounting for the corrected volume percentage of open cells
ψ=−100 ω
00
NOTE This percentage includes the volume of the cell walls.
4 Principle
The surface area S and geometrical volume V of a number of test specimens, each having a different geometrical
g
surface/volume ratio r, is determined.
The impenetrable volume V is determined by either of two methods, namely:
i
a) method 1 — by pressure variation (pyknometer);
b) method 2 — by volume expansion.
The determination of the impenetrable volume V is based on the application of the Boyle-Mariotte law to a gas
i
confined in an indeformable chamber, first in the absence and then in the presence of a test specimen.
The apparent volume percentage of open cells ω of the test specimen is calculated by plotting the curve ω = f (r)
r r
and extrapolating to r = 0, followed by calculation of the corrected volume percentage of open cells ω and the
0
corrected volume percentage of closed cells ψ .
0
2 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
5 Test specimens
5.1 Number
A minimum of three test specimens shall be prepared for each test. A total of three tests shall be carried out per
sample.
5.2 Preparation
Cut test specimens out with a band saw and machine them if necessary, taking care that there is no deformation to
the original cell structure other than at the surface. The specimens shall be free of dust, voids and moulding skins.
Hot-wire cutting shall not be used.
5.3 Dimensions
The required test specimen dimensions depend on the specific method used to measure the impenetrable volume
V . Initial specimen sizes shall be as follows:
i
Method 1: Pressure variation (pyknometer)
length: (25 ± 1) mm
width: (25 ± 1) mm
thickness: (25 ± 1) mm
Method 2: Volume expansion
length: (100 ± 1) mm
width: (30 ± 1) mm
thickness: (30 ± 1) mm
5.4 Sectioning of test specimens
Both methods require that specimens r and r of each set be further sectioned as shown in Figure 1 to provide a
2 3
range of surface/volume ratios for testing.
6 Conditioning and test atmospheres
The test specimens shall be conditioned for not less than 16 h at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity prior
to testing. It is important that the test be conducted at (23 ± 2) °C and preferably at controlled and moderate
humidity, i.e. (50 ± 5) %.
7 Measurement of surface area S and geometrical volume V
g
7.1 Determine the linear dimensions of each test specimen in accordance with ISO 1923, except that
measurements shall be made to the nearest 0,05 mm. The locations of the measurement points shall be as shown
in Figure 2.
7.2 Calculate the average linear dimensions, the surface area S and the geometrical volume V , retaining all
g
significant figures for test specimens r (one parallelepiped), r (two parallelepipeds) and r (four parallelepipeds).
1 2 3
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
2
Round off the final values for surface area S to the nearest 0,01 cm and for the geometrical volume V to the
g
3
nearest 0,01 cm .
Figure 1 — Pattern for cutting test specimens
a) Thick specimen b) Thin specimen
Figure 2 — Locations of measurement points
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
8 Determination of impenetrable volume V by method 1: Pressure variation
i
(pyknometer)
NOTE The impenetrable volume V is determined by either method 1 or method 2. The principle, description of apparatus,
i
calibration, procedure and calculation for these two methods are specified in this clause and clause 9, respectively.
8.1 Principle of method 1
The following characteristics are determined for an atmospheric pressure p and a pressure reduction p in the
amb e
test chamber in relation to p :
amb
a) the corresponding change in volume δV of the test chamber in the absence of a test specimen; this
A1
determination constitutes the calibration of the apparatus;
b) the corresponding change in volume δV of the test chamber in the presence of a test specimen.
A2
The impenetrable volume V of the test specimen is given by the equation
i
δ−VVδ
A1 A2
Vp=
iB
− p
e
where p = p + p .
B amb e
In practice (see 8.2.2), V is calculated from the equivalent equation
i
ll−
12
Vp=
iB
−Kp
e
where
l is the pyknometer scale reading corresponding to KδV ;
1 A1
l is the pyknometer scale reading corresponding to KδV ;
2 A2
K is a constant relating the pyknometer scale readings to volume change in the chamber.
8.2 Description of apparatus for method 1
8.2.1 The apparatus consists of an air pyknometer that permits instant reading of the difference between internal
pressure and atmospheric pressure. A schematic diagram of the apparatus is shown in Figure 3. It consists
essentially of the following items:
3
a) test chamber A, including a removable measurement chamber D of volume approximately 50 cm , which fits to
the main part of chamber A by means of an appropriate mechanical device, a filter F and an airtight circular
joint G, to ensure impermeability and reproducibility of the geometrical volume of this part of the test chamber;
b) chamber B to create the reduced pressure.
8.2.2 The two chambers A and B are linked in parallel by means of tubing fitted with a valve T , which can
1
connect or disconnect them, and a differential manometer M . The tubing can be connected directly to atmosphere
1
by means of valve T .
2
When chamber D is connected to chamber A by means of the airtight joint G and the valve T is closed, the volume
1
V of the combined chambers (including the free volume of the chambers and of the tubing connected to the
A
manometer M and to the valve T ) can be modified by moving piston P by means of crank C .
1 1 A A
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
Key
A Test chamber H Test specimen
B Reduced-pressure chamber I Indicator
C , C Cranks
J Scale
A B
D Measurement chamber
M , M Differential manometers
1 2
E , E End points for displacement of pistons P , P Pistons
A B A B
F Filter T to T Valves
1 5
G Airtight joint
Figure 3 — Schematic diagram of apparatus for determination of impenetrable volume V by method 1
i
The indicator I of the displacement of piston P permits reading directly on a scale J, with a precision of 0,25 %, a
A
value l which has been precalibrated by the manufacturer to some corresponding change δV , starting from an
A
initial reference value V .
0
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SIST EN ISO 4590:2003
ISO 4590:2002(E)
NOTE The relationship between l and δV is defined by a proportionality constant K (l = KδV ) as provided by the
A A
equipment manufacturer or by calibration from standard volumes. The proper value for K is obtained only if the zero re
...
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