oSIST prEN 1097-8:2016
(Main)Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
This European Standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute for determining the polished stone value (PSV) of a coarse aggregate used in road surfacings. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. Examples of advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
Annex A describes an optional method for the determination of the aggregate abrasion value (AAV).
NOTE The AAV method is suitable to use when particular types of skid resistant aggregates, (typically those with a PSV of 60 or greater) which can be susceptible to abrasion under traffic, are required.
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 8: Bestimmung des Polierwertes
Diese Europäische Norm legt das für die Erstprüfung und im Streitfall anzuwendende Referenzverfahren für die Bestimmung des Polierwerts (en: polished stone value, PSV) einer groben Gesteinskörnung für Straßenoberflächen fest. Für andere Zwecke, speziell im Rahmen der werkseigenen Produktionskontrolle, dürfen andere Verfahren angewendet werden, sofern ein ausreichender Zusammenhang zum Referenzverfahren nachgewiesen wurde. Beispiele für fortschrittliche Prüfverfahren können den Literaturhinweisen entnommen werden.
Im Anhang A ist ein optionales Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Abriebwertes der Gesteinskörnung (en: aggregate abrasion value, AAV) festgelegt.
ANMERKUNG Das AAV-Verfahren ist geeignet, wenn bestimmte Arten von griffigen Gesteinskörnungen (üblicherweise Gesteine mit einem PSV von 60 oder darüber), die anfällig gegen Abrieb unter Verkehrsbelastung sein können, benötigt werden.
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 8: Détermination du coefficient de polissage accéléré
Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 8. del: Določevanje vrednosti količnika zaglajevanja kamenih zrn
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1097-8:2016
01-september-2016
3UHVNXVLPHKDQVNLKLQIL]LNDOQLKODVWQRVWLDJUHJDWRYGHO 'RORþHYDQMH
YUHGQRVWLNROLþQLND]DJODMHYDQMDNDPHQLK]UQ
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Determination of the
polished stone value
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen
- Teil 8: Bestimmung des Polierwertes
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granulats -
Partie 8: Détermination du coefficient de polissage accéléré
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1097-8
ICS:
91.100.15 Mineralni materiali in izdelki Mineral materials and
products
oSIST prEN 1097-8:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1097-8:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1097-8
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2016
ICS 91.100.15 Will supersede EN 1097-8:2009
English Version
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates
- Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische
mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 8: Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 8:
Détermination du coefficient de polissage accéléré Bestimmung des Polierwertes
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 154.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1097-8:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1097-8:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 6
5 Sampling . 6
6 Materials . 6
7 Apparatus . 7
7.1 General. 7
7.2 Accelerated polishing machine . 8
7.3 Friction tester . 10
7.4 Test sieves . 13
7.5 Grid sieve . 13
7.6 Length gauge or callipers . 14
7.7 Equipment for preparing test specimens . 14
8 Preparation of test specimens . 14
9 Conditioning of the rubber-tyred wheel . 16
10 Accelerated polishing of specimens . 16
11 Friction test procedure . 17
12 Calculation and expression of results . 21
13 Test report . 22
13.1 Required data . 22
13.2 Optional data . 22
Annex A (normative) Determination of aggregate abrasion value (AAV) . 23
A.1 General. 23
A.2 Principle . 23
A.3 Sampling . 23
A.4 Materials . 23
A.5 Apparatus . 24
A.6 Preparation of test specimens . 25
A.7 Procedure . 25
A.8 Calculation and expression of results . 26
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A.9 Test report . 27
Annex B (normative) Control of materials . 28
Annex C (normative) Calibration of the accelerated polishing machine . 29
C.1 Control of rubber-tyred wheels . 29
C.2 Accelerated polishing machine . 29
C.3 Rate of flow of corn emery and emery flour . 30
Annex D (normative) Calibration of the friction tester and sliders . 32
D.1 Friction tester . 32
D.2 Control of sliders and slider rubber . 33
Annex E (normative) Friction tester reference stone specimen preparation and friction
slider conditioning . 34
E.1 General . 34
E.2 Preparation and initial testing of friction tester reference stone specimens . 34
E.3 Slider conditioning . 34
Annex F (informative) Precision . 35
F.1 General . 35
F.2 PSV value - National Standard . 35
F.3 PSV value - European cross-border testing . 35
F.4 Aggregate abrasion value (AAV) . 36
Bibliography . 37
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1097-8:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154
“Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1097-8:2009.
This standard forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Test
methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by Parts of the following European Standards:
— EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates
— EN 933, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates
— EN 1367, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
— EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates
— EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures
The other parts of EN 1097 are:
— Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
— Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
— Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids
— Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler
— Part 5: Determination of water content by drying in a ventilated oven
— Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption
— Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler – Pyknometer method
— Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres: Nordic test
— Part 10: Water suction height
In this standard the Annexes A, B, C, D and E are normative and the Annex F is informative.
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1 Scope
This European Standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute for
determining the polished stone value (PSV) of a coarse aggregate used in road surfacings. For other
purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an
appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. Examples of
advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
Annex A describes an optional method for the determination of the aggregate abrasion value (AAV).
NOTE The AAV method is suitable to use when particular types of skid resistant aggregates, (typically those
with a PSV of 60 or greater) which can be susceptible to abrasion under traffic, are required.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples
EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 5: Common equipment and calibration
EN 932-6, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 6: Definitions of repeatability and
reproducibility
EN 933-3, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 3: Determination of particle shape -
Flakiness index
EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle
density and water absorption
ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD)
ISO 4662, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of rebound resilience
ISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of indentation hardness - Part 2: IRHD
pocket meter method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
batch
production quantity, a delivery quantity, a partial delivery quantity (railway wagon-load, lorry-load,
ship's cargo) or a stockpile produced at one time under conditions that are presumed uniform
Note 1 to entry: With a continuous process the quantity produced during an agreed period is treated as a batch.
3.2
laboratory sample
reduced sample derived from a bulk sample for laboratory testing
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3.3
subsample
sample obtained by means of a sample reduction procedure
3.4
test portion
sample used as a whole in a single test
3.5
test specimen
sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a
property
4 Principle
PSV is a measure of the resistance of coarse aggregate to the polishing action of vehicle tyres under
conditions which simulate those occurring on the surface of a road.
The test is carried out on aggregate passing a 10 mm sieve and retained on a 7,2 mm grid sieve, and is in
two parts:
a) test specimens are subjected to a polishing action in an accelerated polishing machine;
b) the state of polish reached by each specimen is measured by means of a friction test. The PSV is
then calculated from the friction determinations.
5 Sampling
The sample submitted to the laboratory for the test shall be obtained from a batch of normal production
from the source.
Aggregate that has been freshly produced in the laboratory or has been recovered from bituminous
mixtures can give misleading results and shall not be used for conformity testing.
6 Materials
6.1 General Detailed requirements for the control of materials are specified in Annex B.
6.2 Natural corn emery, complying with the grading specified in Table 1. This shall be used only once.
Table 1 — Grading requirements for corn emery
Nominal width Total passing
of sieve aperture %
mm
1,0 100
0,600 98 to 100
0,500 70 to 100
0,425 30 to 90
0,355 0 to 30
0,300 0 to 5
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6.3 Air-floated or water-washed natural emery flour, complying with the characteristics specified
below. This shall be used only once.
a) at least 50 % Al O content;
2 3
3
b) particle density of at least 3,5 Mg/m ;
c) particle size distribution (by air jet sieving) as given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Grading requirements for emery flour
Sieve size Passing
mm %
0,063 100
0,050 99 to 100
0,032 75 to 98
0,020 60 to 80
6.4 PSV control stone, from a recognized source, with a mean PSV value in the range 50 to 60.
NOTE 1 At present the only recognized source of PSV control stone is a stock of granite aggregate controlled by
Technische Universität München (TUM), MPA Bau – Abteilung Baustoffe, Baumbachstrasse 7, 81245 München,
Germany.
NOTE 2 An alternative source of PSV control stone with a mean PSV value in the range 50 to 60 can be used
provided the PSV value has been established in a controlled experiment carried out in at least ten laboratories, by
cross testing against the TUM type control stone.
In case of dispute, the TUM type control stone should be used.
6.5 Friction tester reference stone, from a recognized source, for conditioning new sliders (Annex E)
and checking the friction tester (11.3), with a mean PSV value in the range 60 to 65.
NOTE 1 At present, the only recognized source of friction tester reference stone is a stock of olivine basalt
aggregate controlled by WESSEX, United Kingdom.
NOTE 2 An alternative source of friction tester reference stone with a mean PSV value in the range 60 to 65 can
be used provided the PSV value has been established in a controlled experiment carried out in at least 10
laboratories, by cross testing against the WESSEX type friction tester reference stone.
In case of dispute, the WESSEX type friction tester reference stone should be used.
7 Apparatus
7.1 General
All apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.
Additional requirements for calibration and control of the accelerated polishing machine and the
rubber-tyred wheels are given in Annex C.
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7.2 Accelerated polishing machine
The polishing machine (Figure 1) shall be mounted on four adjustable levelling feet, placed at the
corners and secured on a firm, level base of stone or concrete. It shall include the following:
7.2.1 A wheel, referred to as the “road wheel”, having a flat periphery and clamping arrangements to
hold the aggregate specimens shown in Figure 2. It shall be of such a size and shape as to permit 14 of
the specimens described in Clause 8 to be clamped onto the periphery so as to form a surface of
aggregate particles (406 ± 3) mm in diameter and bounded by clamping rings (44,5 ± 0,5) mm apart.
−1
7.2.2 A means of rotating the road wheel about its own axis at a speed of (320 ± 5) min under test
conditions.
7.2.3 Two solid rubber-tyred wheels of (200 ± 3) mm diameter and with a width of (38 ± 2) mm. One
of these wheels shall be used exclusively with the corn emery and clearly marked as such, whereas the
other wheel shall be used exclusively with the emery flour and clearly marked as such. The surface of
the rubber tyres shall initially have a hardness of (69 ± 3) IRHD as specified in ISO 7619-2.
7.2.4 A lever arm and weight to bring the surface of the appropriate solid rubber-tyred wheel to bear
on the road wheel with a total free force of (725 ± 10) N. The solid rubber-tyred wheel shall be free to
rotate about its own axis, which shall be parallel with the axis of the road wheel, and the plane of
rotation of the tyre shall be in line with that of the road wheel.
The machine shall be accurately aligned so that the road wheel and either of the rubber-tyred wheels
shall be free to rotate without play in the bearings (C.2.4):
a) the planes of rotation of the two wheels in use shall be not more than 0,33° of arc out of parallel
(1 mm in 200 mm);
b) the planes of rotation through the centres of the two wheels in use shall be not more than 0,8 mm
apart.
7.2.5 Feed mechanism, identified as being for use with the rubber-tyred wheel marked for use with
the corn emery (7.2.3), to feed the corn emery (6.2) and water at the specified rates. The emery and
water shall be fed directly onto the road wheel near the point of contact with the rubber-tyred wheel.
NOTE Feeding the corn emery and water near the point of contact with the rubber-tyred wheel is usually
achieved using a nozzle into which water and emery mix. In such a case, instead of having a continuous emery
flow, emery clusters may form under capillary forces and discharge discontinuously near the point of contact with
the rubber-tyred wheel. To avoid this phenomenon, a possible solution would be to connect the water supply to
the lowest point of the nozzle (close to the road wheel).
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Key
1 road wheel 4 feed mechanisms
2 solid rubber-tyred wheel 5 water feed
3 weight 6 flow gauge
Figure 1 — Typical accelerated polishing machine
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Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Test specimen dimensions
7.2.6 Feed mechanism, identified as being for use with rubber-tyred wheel marked for the emery
flour (7.2.3), to feed the emery flour (6.3) and water continuously at the specified rates between the
rubber tyred-wheel and the road wheel.
NOTE Most feed mechanisms inject emery flour at the top of the rubber-tyred wheel and not at the contact
point with the road wheel. In this case, it is important to ensure that most emery is driven to the contact point
between the road wheel and the rubber-tyred wheel. For this purpose, some feed mechanisms incorporate a
disposable felt pad in contact with the rubber-tyred wheel to homogeneously spread and stick the emery flour
onto its tread. It is advised to change this felt pad every two tests.
7.2.7 A means of ensuring that the rubber-tyred wheels are not left under load when not running, to
prevent the risk of the tyre becoming deformed. When not in use, the rubber-tyred wheels should be
removed from the machine and stored as described in Annex C.
7.3 Friction tester
7.3.1 Calibration
Additional requirements for calibration and control of the friction tester, sliders and slider rubber are
given in Annex D.
7.3.2 Design
The friction test shall be carried out using the equipment shown in Figure 3 (see Note). All bearings and
working parts shall be enclosed as far as possible, and all materials used shall be treated to prevent
corrosion under wet conditions.
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Key
1 F-scale 6 spirit level
2 calibration scale 7 rubber slider screw
3 pointer 8 levelling screw
4 vertical adjustment 9 test specimen holder
5 pendulum
Figure 3 — Friction tester
The friction test equipment shall have the following features:
7.3.2.1 A spring-loaded rubber slider of the mass, size and shape as specified in 7.3.2.9. It shall be
mounted on the end of a pendulum arm so that the sliding edge is approximately 510 mm from the axis
of suspension.
7.3.2.2 Means for setting the support column of the equipment vertical.
7.3.2.3 Means for rigidly locating one of the curved specimens from the accelerated polishing
machine, referred to as the “specimen holder”. The design shall allow sufficient movement between the
pendulum and this specimen holder to adjust their alignment so that the longer dimension of the
specimen lies in the track of the pendulum and it is central with respect to the rubber slider and to the
axis of suspension of the pendulum (11.4).
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7.3.2.4 Means of raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the pendulum arm so that the slider
can:
a) swing clear of the surface of the specimen; and
b) be set to traverse a curved specimen over a length of (76 ± 1) mm.
7.3.2.5 Means of locking and releasing the pendulum arm so that it falls freely from a horizontal
position.
7.3.2.6 A pointer balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the position of the pendulum
arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale. The mass of the pointer shall be
not more than 85 g. The friction in the pointer mechanism shall be adjustable so that, with the
pendulum arm swinging freely from a horizontal position, the outward tip of a nominal 300 mm long
pointer may be brought to rest on the forward swing of the arm at a point 10 mm below the horizontal.
7.3.2.7 A circular test scale (F scale) for curved specimens with a 76 mm sliding length, marked
from 0 to 100 and calibrated at intervals of two units.
NOTE A circular calibration scale for a sliding length of 126 mm on a flat surface can also be incorporated
into the friction tester, as shown in Figure 3. It is not needed for this test method.
7.3.2.8 The mass of the pendulum arm, including the slider, shall be (1,50 ± 0,03) kg. The centre of
gravity shall lie on the axis of the arm at a distance of (410 ± 2) mm from the axis of suspension.
7.3.2.9 The slider shall consist of a rubber pad (31,75 ± 0,50) mm wide by (25,4 ± 1,0) mm long (in
the direction of swing) and (6,35 ± 0,5) mm thick. This shall be held on a rigid base with a central
pivoting axis and the combined mass of the slider and base shall be (20 ± 5) g. The slider assembly shall
be mounted on the end of the pendulum arm in such a way that when the trailing edge of the slider is in
contact with a horizontal flat surface placed at the lowest point permitted by the arm swing, the plane of
the slider is angled at (26 ± 3)° to this surface (Figure 4).
NOTE In this configuration, the slider can turn about its axis without obstruction to follow unevenness of the
surface of the specimen as the pendulum swings.
7.3.2.10 The slider shall be spring-loaded against the test surface. The nominal static force on the
slider as set by the equipment calibration procedure defined in Annex D shall be (22,2 ± 0,5) N in its
median position. The change in the static force on the slider shall be not greater than 0,2 N/mm
deflection of the slider.
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Key
1 horizontal flat surface (glass plate for example) 4 friction slider holder
2 angle, (26 ± 3)° 5 pendulum arm
3 slider in contact with horizontal flat surface 6 slider edge trajectory during arm swing
Figure 4 — Position of the pendulum, the slider and the test specimen
7.3.2.11 The initial resilience and hardness of the slider shall conform to Table 3. The working edges
of the slider shall be square and clean-cut, and the rubber free from contamination by, for example,
abrasive or oil.
Table 3 — Properties of the slider
Property Temperature
0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C
a
Resilience (%) 43 to 49 58 to 65 66 to 73 71 to 77 74 to 79
b
Hardness (IRHD) 50 to 65 50 to 65 50 to 65 50 to 65 50 to 65
Lüpke rebound test in accordance with ISO 4662.
a
b International rubber hardness in accordance with ISO 48.
7.4 Test sieves
Sieves with square apertures and sizes 10 mm; 1 mm; 0,600 mm; 0,500 mm; 0,425 mm; 0,355 mm;
0,300 mm; 0,063 mm; 0,050 mm; 0,032 mm and 0,020 mm.
7.5 Grid sieve
Sieve with a bar spacing of (7,2 ± 0,2) mm and conforming to the general requirements of EN 933-3.
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7.6 Length gauge or callipers
Length gauge or callipers having a gap between the pins or faces of (14,7 ± 0,2) mm.
7.7 Equipment for preparing test specimens
Equipment for preparing test specimens shall consist of the following:
a) release agent such as liquid car polish;
b) liquid cleaner, for cleaning the equipment after use;
c) synthetic resin and hardener;
d) container for mixing resin and hardener;
e) flexible plastics sheet of a material such as polyv
...
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