SIST EN 12285-1:2003
(Main)Workshop fabricated steel tanks - Part 1: Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids
Workshop fabricated steel tanks - Part 1: Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids
The Standard specifies the requirements for shop fabricated cylindrical, horizontal tanks, single and double skin for underground storage of water polluting liquids (both flammable and non-flammable). The standard is applicable for normal operating conditions (-20°C to +50°C). Where temperatures can fall below this range, additional requirements shall be taken into account. Quittance on liquid material combinations is given in annex B. The standard is not applicable for liquids causing special danger. The standard does not deal with internal coating.
Werksgefertigte Tanks aus Stahl - Teil 1:Liegende zylindrische ein- und doppelwandige Tanks zur unterirdischen Lagerung von brennbaren und nicht brennbaren wassergefährdenden Flüssigkeiten
Diese Norm enthält Anforderungen an werksgefertigte zylindrische, liegende, ein- und doppelwandige Stahltanks zur unterirdischen Lagerung von (brennbaren und nicht brennbaren) wassergefährdenden Flüssigkeiten mit folgenden Anwendungsgrenzen:
Nenndurchmesser von 800 mm bis 3 000 mm und
maximale Gesamtlänge bis zum 6fachen des Nenndurchmessers und
für Flüssigkeiten mit einer maximalen Dichte von 1,9 kg/l und
mit einem Betriebsdruck (po) von maximal 1,5 bar (abs.) und
für doppelwandige Tanks mit einem Vakuum-Leckanzeigesystem, wenn die kinematische Viskosität des Lagermediums den Wert 5 × 10-3 m2/s nicht übersteigt.
Diese Norm gilt für übliche Betriebstemperaturen (- 20 C bis + 50 C). Für Temperaturen außerhalb dieses Bereiches müssen zusätzliche Anforderungen berücksichtigt werden.
Hinweise auf Flüssigkeits-Werkstoff-Kombinationen siehe Anhang B.
Diese Norm gilt wegen der von ihnen ausgehenden besonderen Gefahren nicht für die in Tabelle 1 aufgeführten Gefahrgutklassen. Diese Norm gilt auch nicht für Innenbeschichtungen.
Die erwähnten Klassifizierungen entsprechen den durch den Fachausschuss der Vereinten Nationen über den Transport gefährlicher Güter verabschiedeten Klassen (nicht zu verwechseln mit den Tankklassen nach 3.4).
Réservoirs en aciers fabriqués en atelier - Partie 1:Réservoirs horizontaux cylindriques a simple et double paroi pour le stockage enterré de liquides inflammables et non-inflammables polluant l'eau
La présente norme spécifie les exigences applicables aux réservoirs métalliques, cylindriques, horizontaux, fabriqués en atelier, a simple et double paroi, pour le stockage enterré de liquides polluant l'eau (inflammables et non inflammables), et compris dans les limites suivantes: - diametre nominal compris entre 800 mm et 3000 mm; - longueur maximale d'encombrement égale a 6 fois le diametre nominal; - pour les liquides présentant une masse volumique maximale égale a 1,9 kg/l; - avec une pression de service (Po) maximale de 1,5 bar (absolue).
V delavnici izdelani jekleni rezervoarji - 1. del: Enoplaščni in dvoplaščni ležeči valjasti rezervoarji za podzemno skladiščenje gorljivih in negorljivih tekočin, ki onesnažujejo vodo
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Werksgefertigte Tanks aus Stahl - Teil 1:Liegende zylindrische ein- und doppelwandige Tanks zur unterirdischen Lagerung von brennbaren und nicht brennbaren wassergefährdenden FlüssigkeitenRéservoirs en aciers fabriqués en atelier - Partie 1:Réservoirs horizontaux cylindriques a simple et double paroi pour le stockage enterré de liquides inflammables et non-inflammables polluant l'eauWorkshop fabricated steel tanks - Part 1: Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids23.020.10UH]HUYRDUMLStationary containers and tanks13.300Varstvo pred nevarnimi izdelkiProtection against dangerous goodsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12285-1:2003SIST EN 12285-1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 12285-1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12285-1March 2003ICS 13.300; 23.020.10English versionWorkshop fabricated steel tanks - Part 1: Horizontal cylindricalsingle skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage offlammable and non-flammable water polluting liquidsRéservoirs en aciers fabriqués en atelier - Partie1:Réservoirs horizontaux cylindriques à simple et doubleparoi pour le stockage enterré de liquides inflammables etnon-inflammables polluant l'eauWerksgefertigte Tanks aus Stahl - Teil 1:Liegendezylindrische ein- und doppelwandige Tanks zurunterirdischen Lagerung von brennbaren undnichtbrennbaren wassergefährdenden FlüssigkeitenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 November 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12285-1:2003 ESIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.53Terms and definitions.54Symbols and abbreviations.75Designation and purchaser's specification.86Materials.86.1General.86.2Materials for shell, dished ends and manholes.96.3Materials for tank accessories.96.4Consumable.96.5Material inspection documentation.97Design.97.1Forms of construction.97.2Single skin tanks.97.3Double skin tanks.97.4Dished ends.97.5Compartments.97.6Dimensions.107.6.1Material thickness.107.6.2Secondary skin.107.6.3Interstitial space.107.7Tolerances.117.8Shell plate arrangement.117.9Manholes and inspection covers.117.10Structural bolts.127.11Tank fittings, pipes and nozzles.127.12Stiffening rings.137.13Lifting lugs.158Fabrication.158.1Plate preparation.158.2Shell plate forming.158.3Types of joints.158.4Welding procedures, welders' qualifications.158.5External coating.199Testing.199.1General.199.2Pressure testing.209.3Testing of the external coating.2010Handling and installation.2010.1Handling.2010.2Installation.2011Marking of the tank and manufacturer's statement.2111.1Marking of the tank.2111.2Manufacturer's statement.2111.3Drawings.21Annex A (informative)
Transport, storage and installation procedure.22Annex B (informative)
Evaluation of liquid-material-combinations for storage tanks according to thisstandard.24Annex C (informative)
A-devitations.155Bibliography.159SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12285-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 221 "Shop fabricatedmetallic tanks and equipment for storage tanks and for service stations", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at thelatest by September 2003.This standard is part of a series of standards in the field of shop fabricated metallic tanks. The titles of thestandards which are already edited or are under preparation are:¾ Workshop fabricated steel tanks; Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the undergroundstorage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids¾ Workshop fabricated steel tanks; Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks for the abovegroundstorage of flammable and non-flammable water polluting liquids.Further standards will be evaluated according to former decisions of CEN/TC 221 and according to the commonrules for standard works for CEN-standards.Annexes A, B and C are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis standard specifies the requirements for shop fabricated cylindrical, horizontal steel tanks, single and doubleskin for the underground storage of water polluting liquids (both flammable and non-flammable) within the followinglimits:¾ from 800 mm up to 3000 mm nominal diameter and,¾ up to a maximum overall length of 6 times the nominal diameter and,¾ for liquids with a maximum density of up to 1,9 kg/l and,¾ with an operating pressure (po) of maximum 1,5 bar (abs.) and,¾ for double skin tanks with a vacuum leak detection system where the kinematic viscosity does not exceed5 x 10-3 m2/s.This standard is applicable for normal operating temperature conditions (-20 °C to +50 °C). Where temperaturesare outside this range, additional requirements should be taken into account.For guidance on the liquid-material combinations see Annex B.This standard is not applicable to the liquid classes listed in Table 1 because of special dangers involved. Thisstandard does not deal with internal coating.Table 1 — List of dangerous goods not to be considered by this standardUN-classificationDangerous GoodClass 1Class 4.2Class 4.3Class 5.2Class 6.2Class 7ExplosivesSubstances liable to spontaneous combustionSubstances which in contact with water emit flammable gasesOrganic peroxidesInfectious substancesRadioactive substances, hydrocyanic or hydrocyanic solvent liquids, metalcarbonyls, hydrofluoracid,bromide liquidsThe classifications referred to are those adopted by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport ofDangerous Goods (not to be interpreted as tank classes described in 3.4).SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)52 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 287–1, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels.EN 288–1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 1: General rules forfusion welding.EN 288–2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 2: Welding procedurespecification for arc welding.EN 288–3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding proceduretests for the arc welding of steels.EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions.EN 10051:1991, Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels — Toleranceson dimensions and shape.EN 10204:1991, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents.prEN 13160–1, Leak detection systems — Part 1: General principles.prEN 13160–2, Leak detection systems — Part 2: Pressure and vacuum systems.prEN 13160–3, Leak detection systems — Part 3: Liquid systems for tanks.prEN 13160–4, Leak detection systems — Part 4: Liquid and/or vapour sensor systems for use in leakagecontainments or interstitial spaces.prEN 13160–5, Leak detection systems — Part 5: Tank gauge leak detection systems.prEN 13160–6, Leak detection systems — Part 6: Sensors in monitoring wells.prEN 13160–7, Leak detection systems — Part 7: General requirements and test methods for interstitial spaces,leak protecting linings and leak protecting jackets.EN ISO 898–1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws andstuds
(ISO 898-1:1999).EN ISO 8501–1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visualassessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates andof steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings (ISO 8501-1:1988).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1tanksworkshop fabricated cylindrical containments for the storage of liquids. They are made of steel, equipped with dishedends and consist of one or more compartmentsSIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)63.2compartmentsingle storage fluid space within a tank3.3underground tankstanks which are totally or partially imbedded in the ground3.4tank classesare defined in Table 2Table 2 — Tank classesTank classDescriptionClass AClass BClass CFor liquids with density up to 1,1 kg/lFor liquids with density up to 1,9 kg/lFor liquids with density up to 1,9 kg/l, and explosion pressure shockproof under atmosphericconditions (see also 3.5)3.5explosion pressure shockproof tanksare designed to withstand an internal explosion without leakage; permanent deformations are permissible. Where theatmospheric pressure of 1 bar the maximum explosion pressure is measured at 10 bar (abs.)3.6tank typesfor the purpose of this standard two tank types are distinguished:Type S: Single skinType D: Double skin3.7operating pressure (po)pressure inside the tank above the liquid during operating conditions3.8test pressure (pt1)pressure to which the tank or compartment is subjected for testing3.9interstitial test pressure (pt2)pressure to which the interstitial space between the skins is subjected for testing. It is only applicable for double skintanks3.10nominal volumevolume stated on customer's order3.11actual volumevolume which is equal to or greater than the nominal volumeNOTEThe safe working capacity of the tank should usually not exceed 97 % of the nominal volume in normal operatingtemperatures.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)74 Symbols and abbreviationsFor the purpose of this standard the following symbols apply:Dimensions in mmd1External nominal diameter of the tankd2Inside diameter of the manholed3Diameter of the manhole coverh1Length of the straight flange of
the dished endkpPitch circle diameterlcLength of the compartment of a tank without dished endsloOverall length of the tanklzLength of the tank without dished endsr1Crown radius of dished endsr2Knuckle radius of dished endsr3Knuckle radius of the outer dished ends1Nominal thickness of inner skin and inner dished endss2Interstitial spaces3Nominal thickness of outer skins4Nominal thickness of outer dished endss5Nominal thickness of compartment dished endss6Nominal thickness of manhole flange and covers7Plate thickness of manhole bodyincline angle for T-joint weldingSIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)8Tank type STank type D(single skin)(double skin)Key1 nozzle detail see figure 32 example for stiffening ring see figure 43 lifting lugFigure 1 — Example of tank symbols5 Designation and purchaser's specificationExample for designation: A tank according to this standard with a nominal volume of 50 m³ and a nominal diameterd1 = 2500 mm, tank class A and type D is designated as follows:Tank EN 12285-1/50/2500/A/DThe purchaser shall also provide the following information:a) number of compartments and their volumes,b) material specification,c) kind of external coating.6 Materials6.1 GeneralThe manufacturer selects the material in accordance with the customer's instructions either by using the materialspecified by the purchaser or by nomination of intended liquids to be stored.Annex B provides guidelines on material specifications in relation to storage media.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)96.2 Materials for shell, dished ends and manholesCarbon steel according to EN 10025 or austenitic stainless steel according to EN 10088-1 may be used if themechanical properties are at least equal to those of S 235 JR (EN 10025).In areas where low temperatures have to be considered (below -20°C) and in this case wall-thicknesses are 6 mm, atleast carbon steel of grade S 235 J2G3 or equal shall be used.6.3 Materials for tank accessoriesMaterials used for the fabrication of tank accessories if welded to the tank shall be compatible with the tank material.6.4 ConsumableAll welding rods/wires and other consumables shall be compatible with the basic material.6.5 Material inspection documentationMaterial inspection documentation of shell plates and dished ends shall for carbon steel according to EN 10025 be inaccordance with the requirements of 2.2 of EN 10204: 1991 and for all other steel qualities shall be in accordancewith 3.1 B of EN 10204: 1991.7 Design7.1 Forms of constructionSingle skin tanks shall form an impermeable containment; they constitute the inner tank of a double skin tank.7.2 Single skin tanksSingle skin tanks shall form an impermeable containment; they constitute the inner tank of a double skin tank.7.3 Double skin tanksFor double skin tanks, a secondary skin is welded around the inner tank, which forms an impermeable self containedtank. The secondary skin shall cover at least 97 % of the nominal volume of the inner tank.There shall be at least two sockets for the leak detection system and these shall be located at the highest point of theinterstitial space. The interstitial space shall be connected to a leak detection system in order to monitor the integrityof the tank permanently.For leak detection systems see prEN 13160–1 to –7.7.4 Dished endsDished ends shall be used for external ends and to separate compartments.The following dimensions shall apply:
r1 £ d1
r2 ³ d1/30.7.5 CompartmentsThe nominal wall thicknesses of dished ends separating the compartments (compartment dished ends) are given inTable 3. For classes A and B a different form of dished ends separating the compartments is possible, where r1 = d1,but without knuckle radius r2 and without straight flange.A compartment dished end with a knuckle radius and a straight flange is equivalent to a reinforcement ring at thesame position.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)107.6 Dimensions7.6.1 Material thicknessThe nominal wall thickness of the inner tank shell, outer tank shell and dished ends shall be specified by themanufacturer in rounded millimetres, and shall be at least as given in Table 3.Table 3 — Nominal wall thickness for inner and outer skin of tanks, dished ends and compartment dishedendsTank classesClass AClass BClass CNominal shell thicknessin mmNominal diameter of thetank d1 in mms1inner skins3outer skins1inner skins3outer skins1inner skins3outer skin800 up to 16005353531601 up to 20006363632001 up to 25006474742501 up to 3000749494Nominal wall thickness of dished endsin mmNominal diameter of the tankd1 in mms1inner skins4outer skins1inner skins4outer skins1inner skins4outer skin800 up to 16005353531601 up to 20006363632001 up to 25006575752501 up to 3000759595Nominal wall thickness of compartment dished endsin mmNominal diameter of the tankd1 in mms5s5s5800 up to 160055101601 up to 200066142001 up to 250067162501 up to 300079187.6.2 Secondary skin – Circumferential angleThe secondary skin shall enclose at least 300 degrees of the circumference of the tank, leaving not more than60 degrees on the top uncovered.In cases where the manhole diameter exceeds d1/2, the manhole shall be provided with a secondary skin.7.6.3 Interstitial spaceThe interstitial space gap should be as small as practically possible but suitable for the leak detection system tofunction.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)117.7 Tolerances7.7.1The overall length of the inner tankThe tolerance on the overall length of the tank shall be ± 1% of the real length stated by the manufacturer.7.7.2Wall thicknessThe minimum thicknesses of dished ends after forming and for shell plates shall be at least 92 % of the nominal wallthickness according to Table 3. The thickness of shell plates shall be in accordance with EN 10051:1991, Table 2.7.7.3Circumference of dished endsFor the dished ends, the tolerances shall be -0/+6 mm for d1 £ 2000 mm, and -0/+10 mm for d1 > 2000 mm based onthe calculated circumference of d1.7.8 Shell plate arrangementCross seams are not allowed. Longitudinal welds are not allowed in the bottom half of the tank.Keya minimum distance: 5 x wall thickness but not less than 25 mm.Figure 2 — Shell-plate arrangement for inner and outer skin7.9 Manholes and inspection coversUnless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the tanks shall be equipped with at least one inspection cover percompartment. In cases where inspection covers are not allowed, the tanks shall have one manhole of at leastd2 = 600 mm. No part of a compartment shall be more than 10 m from a manhole. Single skin tanks shall alwayshave a manhole.The manufacturer shall decide whether manholes (inspection covers, nozzles) shall be of set-through or set-on-type. Nozzles and flanges shall either be welded inside and outside, or by full penetration.For the dimensions of the manholes and their components see Table 4.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)12Table 4 — Dimensions of manhole componentsBoltsInsidediameterd2mmPlatethickness ofmanholebodys7mmDiameter ofcoverd3mmPitch circlediameterkpmmBolt holediametermmFlange thickness andcover thicknesss6mmThreadsizeNumberClassAClass Band C600a 672068012163280079208801220441000b
71120108018--20M 1648aIf a manhole is required and no specification is given by the purchaser this diameter shall be used.bFor tanks of class C inside diameters of the manhole (d2) exceeding 800 mm are not permitted.Instead of the manhole covers shown in the figure 3 and dimensioned in Table 4, ribbed or embossed covers maybe used in class A tanks with a plate thickness at least equal to the thickness of the inner tank s1. A ribbed orembossed cover shall withstand the test pressure pt1.Inspection covers for tanks of class A with d1 £ 1250 mm and tanks of classes B and C with d1 £ 1000 mm. Thediameter of the inspection cover shall not be larger than 300 mm and not smaller than 120 mm, and the thicknessof the inspection cover shall be equal to the minimum thickness of the inner tank.7.10 Structural boltsStructural bolts used shall be in accordance with EN ISO 898-1, with a property class being at least 4.6. Thematerial chosen shall be compatible with the tank material.7.11 Tank fittings, pipes and nozzlesAll tank fittings, pipes and nozzles, shall be situated on the manhole cover or in the single skin top of the tank. Fortanks of class C only the set-through nozzles shall be used. A penetration of the double skin is not allowed(exception: nozzles for leak detection system). Fittings and all other openings shall have a minimum distance of50 mm to welded seams.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)13Key1Gasket2set-through nozzle3set-on nozzle4vent or pressure relief device of 10 mm diameter5surface roughness of facing:
160Rz·aGaskets shall be suitable for the purpose.bFor set-through-nozzles a vent of 10 mm diameter or equivalent openingshall be provided in the manhole neck at the highest practical point.cConnection for earthing and use for cathodic corrosion protection if required.Figure 3 — Examples for manhole7.12 Stiffening ringsThe following methods of construction may be used:T 80 x 80 according to EN 10055, or100 x 12.SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)14The number of stiffening rings depends on tan to tan length (lc) of each compartment and shall be in accordancewith Table 5.Table 5 — Number of required stiffening rings in accordance with length of each compartmentLength of the compartment in mmNumber of ringslc £ 7800––7800 < lc £ 11700111700 < lc £ 15600215600 < lc3Key1 Welding for tank class B and C andfor tank calss A with internal coating2 Welding for tank class A withoutinternal coatingFigure 4 — Examples for design details of stiffening ringsApertures as shown in figure 4 should be located at the top and bottom of the stiffening rings to allow un-obstructedflow of liquids, vapour or gases.Where internal coating is asked for, continuous welding shall be used on stiffening rings.Alternatively, instead of using stiffening rings (lc ³ 7800 mm), the wall thickness of inner tanks may be increased. Inthis case the wall thickness of the inner tank shall be the greater of the following:a) nominal wall thickness according to table 3SIST EN 12285-1:2003
EN 12285-1:2003 (E)15b) 10004,14,01d
+ = s11(rounded up to full mm)(rounded up to full mm)7.13 Lifting lugsEach tank shall be provided with lifting lugs. The number of liftings lugs shall be at least 1 for a tank up to 20 m3nominal volume and not less than 2 above 20 m3. The lug(s) shall be positioned to enable the tank to be lifted in ahorizontal position.Lifting lugs fully welded to the tanks shall be provided in sufficient size and quantity to enable the empty tank to belifted.The lifting lugs shall be provided with a lifting hole of at least 60 mm minimum diameter.In order to prevent deformation and for maintaining integrity of the coating, a reinforcement plate shall be providedor the lifting lug(s) shall be made of suitable size.8 Fabrication8.1 Plate preparationThe plate edges shall be visually examined for laminations by the manufacturer. Where such faults are found theplate shall be deemed unsuitable for fabrication of the tank.8.2 Shell plate formingAll plates shall be formed to the required curvature over the full width or length of the plate as might be applicable.The manufacturer shall ensure that there is continuity of curvature at t
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