SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
(Main)3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases - Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO 20685-1:2018)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases - Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO 20685-1:2018)
This document addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of
human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250-1 that can be extracted from 3-D scans.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners
(head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners).
It does not apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual landmarks.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthropometric databases and the
users of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers
and manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers can find it useful in meeting
the needs of clients who build and use 1‑D anthropometric databases.
3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 1: Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte Körpermaße (ISO 20685-1:2018)
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren für die Anwendung von 3D Oberflächenscansystemen für die Gewinnung von Daten zur Form des menschlichen Körpers und für in ISO 7250 1 festgelegten Messungen fest, die aus 3D Scans gewonnen werden können.
Obwohl die Internationale Norm überwiegend auf Ganzkörperscanner bezogen ist, ist sie auch auf Körperteilscanner (Kopfscanner, Handscanner, Fußscanner) anwendbar.
Sie ist nicht auf Geräte anwendbar, die den Ort und/oder die Bewegung einzelner Messpunkte messen.
Die Norm richtet sich an diejenigen, die 3D Scanner zur Erstellung von anthropometrischen 1D Datenbanken nutzen, und an die Nutzer von anthropometrischen 1D Daten, die durch 3D Scanner gewonnen wurden. Obwohl dies nicht notwendigerweise die Personen sind, die die Systeme konstruieren und herstellen, werden Konstrukteure und Hersteller von Scannern diese nützlich finden, um die Bedürfnisse ihrer Kunden zu erfüllen, die anthropometrische 1D Datenbanken erstellen und anwenden.
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation pour les dimensions corporelles extraites de balayages corporels en 3 D (ISO 20685-1:2018)
Le présent document concerne les protocoles d'utilisation des systèmes d'exploration à l'aide de scanners de surface 3D permettant de collecter des données sur la forme du corps humain et les mesurages définis dans l'ISO 7250‑1.
La majeure partie de la présente Norme internationale concerne les scanners pour le corps entier, mais elle s'applique également aux scanners limités à une partie du corps (scanners pour la tête, scanners pour la main, scanners pour le pied).
Elle ne s'applique pas aux instruments qui mesurent l'emplacement et/ou le déplacement de repères individuels.
La présente Norme internationale s'adresse aux utilisateurs des scanners 3D pour créer des bases de données anthropométriques 1D, et aux utilisateurs de données anthropométriques 1D issues de scanners 3D. Elle ne s'adresse pas nécessairement aux concepteurs et fabricants des systèmes, cependant, les concepteurs et fabricants de scanners peuvent la trouver utile si elle satisfait aux besoins de leurs clients qui élaborent et utilisent des bases de données anthropométriques 1D.
Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze antropometrijskih podatkov - 1. del: Protokol ovrednotenja telesnih mer, povzetih iz skeniranih teles (ISO 20685-1:2018)
Ta dokument obravnava protokole za uporabo sistemov za površinsko 3D-skeniranje v okviru pridobivanja
podatkov o obliki človeškega telesa in povezanih meritev, ki so opredeljene v standardu ISO 7250-1 in jih je mogoče izločiti iz 3D-posnetkov.
Čeprav v glavnem obravnava skenerje celotnega telesa, se uporablja tudi za skenerje posameznih delov telesa
(skenerje glave, rok in nog).
Ne uporablja se za instrumente za merjenje lokacije in/ali premikanja posameznih merilnih točk.
Ciljno občinstvo so uporabniki 3D-skenerjev za ustvarjanje 1D-antropometričnih zbirk podatkov in uporabniki 1D-antropometričnih podatkov iz 3D-skenerjev. Čeprav med ciljno občinstvo ne spadajo nujno načrtovalci in proizvajalci teh sistemov, si lahko načrtovalci in proizvajalci skenerjev s tem dokumentom pomagajo pri izpolnjevanju zahtev svojih strank, ki gradijo in uporabljajo 1D-antropometrične zbirke podatkov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
01-maj-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 20685:2010
Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze antropometrijskih
podatkov - 1. del: Protokol ovrednotenja telesnih mer, povzetih iz skeniranih teles
(ISO 20685-1:2018)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases -
Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO
20685-1:2018)
3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 1:
Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte Körpermaße (ISO 20685-1:2018)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation
pour les dimensions corporelles extraites de balayages corporels en 3 D (ISO 20685-
1:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20685-1:2018
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
EN ISO 20685-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 20685:2010
English Version
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases - Part 1: Evaluation protocol for
body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO
20685-1:2018)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour Ergonomie - 3D-Scanverfahren für international
les bases de données anthropométriques compatibles kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 1:
au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte
des dimensions corporelles obtenues à l'aide de Körpermaße (ISO 20685-1:2018)
scanners 3D (ISO 20685-1:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20685-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
EN ISO 20685-1:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
EN ISO 20685-1:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20685-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 20685:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20685-1:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20685-1:2018 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20685-1
First edition
2018-10
3-D scanning methodologies
for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body
dimensions extracted from 3-D body
scans
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de
données anthropométriques compatibles au plan international —
Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation des dimensions corporelles obtenues
à l'aide de scanners 3D
Reference number
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements . 3
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements . 3
4.2 Standard values . 5
5 Research design for a validation study to establish accuracy of body dimensions
extracted from scanners . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Validation study procedures . 6
5.3 Sampling size and test subject selection . 6
5.4 Analytical procedures . 6
5.5 Validation study reporting . 7
6 Method for estimating the number of subjects needed . 8
Annex A (informative) Methods for reducing error in 3-D scanning . 9
Bibliography .19
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 20685:2010.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Introduction
Anthropometric measures are key to many International Standards. These measures can be gathered
using a variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a
three-dimensional (3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human
body that can be used for a number of purposes, such as clothing and automotive design, engineering
and medical applications. There are currently no standardized methods for using 3-D point clouds in the
design process. As a result, many users extract one-dimensional (1-D) data from 3-D point clouds. This
document concerns the application of 3-D scanners to the collection of one-dimensional anthropometric
data for use in design.
There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available
systems. These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and
infrared). Further, the software that is available to process data from the scan varies in its methods.
Additionally, software to extract dimensions similar to traditional dimensions varies markedly in
features and capabilities.
As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, extracted measurements
[1]
from several different systems can be markedly different for the same individual. Since 3-D scanning
can be used to gather measurements, such as lengths and circumferences, it was important to develop
an International Standard that allows users of such systems to judge whether the 3-D system is
adequate for these needs.
The intent of this document is to ensure comparability of body measurements as specified in ISO 7250-1
but measured with the aid of 3-D body scanners rather than with traditional anthropometric
instruments such as tape measures and callipers. It is further intended that conformance with this
document will make any data extracted from scans suitable for inclusion in international databases
[2]
such as those described in ISO 15535.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from
3-D body scans
1 Scope
This document addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of
human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250-1 that can be extracted from 3-D scans.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners
(head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners).
It does not apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual landmarks.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthropometric databases and the
users of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers
and manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers can find it useful in meeting
the needs of clients who build and use 1-D anthropometric databases.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7250-1, Basic human body measurements for technological design — Part 1: Body measurement
definitions and landmarks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7250-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
NOTE In the case of definitions of terms for skeletal landmarks, when there is a separate term for the skin
overlying the landmark and another for the landmark itself, the skin landmark term is used. Where there is no
separate term, the skeletal term is used and assumed to refer to the skin overlying the landmark.
3.1
three-dimensional
3-D
pertaining to the use of three orthogonal scales on which the three coordinates, x, y and z, can be
measured to give the precise position of any relevant anatomical point in the considered space
Note 1 to entry: Many anthropometric distances can be calculated from the coordinates of anatomical landmarks
(3.6). Some additional points may be necessary to obtain circumferences.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3.2
3-D body scanner
hardware and software system that creates digital data representing a human form, or parts thereof, in
three dimensions
3.3
3-D scanner software
operating system, user interface, programs, algorithms and instructions associated with a 3-D
scanning system
3.4
3-D scanner hardware
physical components of a 3-D scanner and any associated computer(s)
3.5
accuracy
extent to which the measured value approximates a true value
Note 1 to entry: Since it is difficult to trace the accuracy of complex hardware and software systems to recognized
ISO sources, for the purposes of this document true value is taken to mean the measured value obtained by an
anthropometrist with several years’ experience in the methods of ISO 7250-1, using traditional instruments such
as tape and calliper.
3.6
anatomical landmark
point clearly defined on the body that can be used for defining anthropometric measurements
3.7
anthropometric database
collection of individual body measurements (anthropometric data) and background information
(demographic data) recorded on a group of people (the sample)
[SOURCE: ISO 15535:2012, 3.8]
3.8
lateral malleolus
most lateral point of the right lateral malleolus (outside ankle bone)
3.9
point cloud
collection of 3-D points in space referenced by their coordinate values
Note 1 to entry: A point cloud constitutes the raw data from a 3-D scanner and needs to be translated to a human
axis system (3.13).
3.10
repeatability
extent to which the values of a variable measured twice on the same subject are the same
3.11
ulnar stylion
most distal point on the ulnar styloid, projected horizontally and posteriorly to the surface of the skin
when the arms are held down and the palms are facing the thighs
3.12
vertical plane
geometric plane tangent to a point on the body and orthogonal to the mid-sagittal plane
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3.13
x, y, z coordinate system
axis system
system for measuring the body with respect to the standing or sitting human where X refers to the
fore-and-aft direction (the sagittal axis), Y refers to the side-to-side direction (the transverse axis) and
Z refers to the top-to-bottom direction (the longitudinal axis) (see Figure 1)
Note 1 to entry: Researchers establish their own origin for the axis system, convenient to their research, while
keeping the direction of the axes as indicated and reporting the origin in the data base and any publications.
Figure 1 — x, y, z coordinate system
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements
In order to use data from 3-D body scanners in internationally compatible databases, dimensions should
be drawn from ISO 7250-1. However, not all of those measurements are well suited to extraction from
3-D scanned images. In particular, the resolution from whole-body scanners might not be sufficient to
allow accurate extraction of measurements from smaller body parts such as the hand. Tables 1 to 3 give
measurements according to the type of scanner most likely to produce the best results. The numbers
indicate the measurement number in ISO 7250-1.
Table 1 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by whole-body scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position (see A.2.4)
Stature (body height) 6.1.2 B
Eye height 6.1.3 B
Shoulder height 6.1.4 B
Elbow height 6.1.5 C
Iliac spine height, standing 6.1.6 B
Crotch height 6.1.7 B
Tibial height 6.1.8 B
NOTE For whole-body scanners, depending on the type of scanning system used, the positions
according to A.2.4 can also be useful for extracting the indicated dimensions.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position (see A.2.4)
Chest depth, standing 6.1.9 A, B
Body depth, standing 6.1.10 A, B
Chest breadth, standing 6.1.11 A
Hip breadth, standing 6.1.12 A
Sitting height (erect) 6.2.1 D
Eye height, sitting 6.2.2 D
Cervicale height, sitting 6.2.3 D
Shoulder height, sitting 6.2.4 D
Elbow height, sitting 6.2.5 D
Shoulder–elbow length 6.2.6 C
Shoulder (biacromial) breadth 6.2.7 A, B
Shoulder (bideltoid) breadth 6.2.8 A, B
Elbow-to-elbow breadth 6.2.9 D
Hip breadth, sitting 6.2.10 D
Popliteal height, sitting 6.2.11 D
Thigh clearance 6.2.12 D
Knee height, sitting 6.2.13 D
Abdominal depth, sitting 6.2.14 D
Thorax depth at the nipple 6.2.15 B
Buttock–abdomen depth, sitting 6.2.16 D
Elbow-wrist length 6.4.3 C
Forearm–fingertip length 6.4.6 C
Buttock–popliteal length 6.4.7 D
Buttock–knee length 6.4.8 D
Neck circumference 6.4.9 A, B
Chest circumference 6.4.10 A
Waist circumference 6.4.11 A
Wrist circumference 6.4.12 A
Thigh circumference 6.4.13 A
Calf circumference 6.4.14 A
NOTE For whole-body scanners, depending on the type of scanning system used, the positions
according to A.2.4 can also be useful for extracting the indicated dimensions.
Table 2 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by head scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Head length 6.3.9
Head breadth 6.3.10
Face length (menton-sellion) 6.3.11
Head circumference 6.3.12
Sagittal arc 6.3.13
Bitragion arc 6.3.14
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ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Table 3 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by hand or foot scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Hand length (stylion) 6.3.1
Palm length 6.3.2
Hand breadth at metacarpals 6.3.3
Index finger length 6.3.4
Index finger breadth, proximal 6.3.5
Index finger breadth, distal 6.3.6
Foot length 6.3.7
Foot breadth 6.3.8
4.2 Standard values
The human body is difficult to measure and does not lend itself to standards of accuracy that can be
applied to machine tooling, for example. For the purposes of this document, the standard for accuracy
of a measurement extracted from a 3-D image is the corresponding traditional measurement, when
[4] [5] [6]
measured by an anthropometrist with several years’ experience in the methods of ISO 7250-1.
The difference between an extracted measurement and the corresponding traditional measurement on
actual subjects should be derived using the test methods given in Clause 5. If the values are lower than
those specified in Table 4, then the measurement may be included in ISO 15535 databases.
As any good scientific report documents the observer and measurer error, the accuracy of extracted
measurements should be reported in any documentation that results from the use of these systems.
Table 4 — Maximum allowable error between extracted value and traditionally measured value
Maximum mean difference
(see 5.4)
Measurement type
mm
Segment lengths (e.g. buttock-popliteal length) 5
Body heights (e.g. shoulder height) 4
Large circumferences (e.g. chest circumference) 9
Small circumferences (e.g. neck circumference) 4
Body breadths (e.g. biacromial breadth) 4
Body depths (e.g. chest depth) 5
Head dimensions without hair 1
Head dimensions with hair 2
Hand dimensions 1
Foot dimensions 2
5 Research design for a validation study to establish accuracy of body
dimensions extracted from scanners
5.1 General
The purpose of this document is to ensure that body measurements obtained from 3-D systems are
sufficiently close to those produced by ISO 7250-1 traditional methods that they can be substituted
for one another without compromising the validity of standards relying on the data. Annex A contains
information that is helpful in meeting this goal. In order to demonstrate that a 3-D system is in
conformance with this document, a validation study shall be conducted.
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
5.2 Validation study procedures
All ISO 7250-1 variables that are to be measured by 3-D methods shall be included in the validation study.
The 3-D scanning and data extraction system used for the validation shall be exactly the same hardware
and software configuration that is used in collecting the ISO 7250-1 data for inclusion in an ISO 15535
database.
The traditional measurer shall be an expert, trained and experienced in ISO 7250-1 techniques. He or
she shall have recently practiced the ISO 7250-1 protocols for the body measurements in the study.
It is preferable that the same expert measure all test subjects. If landmarks are to be marked prior
to scanning, the positioning of landmarks should be done by an expert trained and experienced in
ISO 7250-1 techniques.
Each subject shall be scanned and measured traditionally at least once. The order of scan and
measuring shall be counterbalanced to control for measurement order effects; however they shall
occur sequentially on the same day in order to minimize error introduced by transient intra-individual
fluctuations in body dimensions (see Annex A).
5.3 Sampling size and test subject selection
A power analysis such as that presented in Clause 6 shall be done in order to ensure that the validation
study sample size is large enough to detect mean scan-measure differences of the magnitudes presented
in Table 4 with 95 % confidence. A sample of at least 40 test subjects is recommended, since this ensures
95 % confidence in the validation test results for large circumferences such as chest, waist, and hip,
which are particularly difficult to measure for both traditional and 3-D measurement systems.
Validation test subjects shall reflect approximately the same range of body sizes and shape variations
expected in the study population that is to be measured by the 3-D system. If both males and females
are to be measured, then the validation sample shall include an equal number of each sex. The validation
sample shall also include a variety of body types — not just people of average height and weight. If
children are to be measured, it is particularly important that the validation sample cover the age range
of the intended survey population.
5.4 Analytical procedures
After data collection is complete, the difference, δ , between the scan-extracted value and the measured
value (δ = scan minus measure) shall be computed for each variable and test subject, and the mean
of these differences shall be calculated for each variable and reported with its associated standard
deviation, sample size and 95 % confidence interval. If the 95 % confidence interval for the mean of
scan-minus-measure differences is within the plus or minus interval defined by the values in Table 4,
then the 3-D system can be said to give results sufficiently comparable to ISO 7250-1 methods such that
the 3-D data may be used in standards relying on ISO 7250-1 protocols. The values in Table 4 come from
[5]
research conducted by the U.S. Army .
Table 5 shows how the analysis of test data should be done, and how the correct conclusion can be
reached. The difference between the scan-extracted value and the measured value should be calculated
for each subject. Then, the mean and standard deviation of those differences should be calculated. Next,
the 95 % confidence interval should be calculated. The confidence interval is a function of the mean, the
standard deviation, the desired level of confidence (as a Z score) and the sample size. In the case of the
95 % confidence interval, the lower and upper limits can be calculated with Formulae (1) and (2):
19, 6
xs−⋅ (1)
N
19, 6
xs+⋅ (2)
N
where
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SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
is the mean;
x
s is the standard deviation;
N is the number of subjects.
Next, the comparison value is selected from Table 4, according to the type of dimension. In Table 5, we
use 4 mm for Stature, since it is a body height (the second row of Table 4). In the example, both upper
and lower 95 % confidence limits are less than 4, so the conclusion would be that the scan-extracted
value would be close enough to the meas
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017
01-julij-2017
Ergonomija - Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze
antropometrijskih podatkov - 1. del: Protokol ovrednotenja telesnih mer, povzetih
iz skeniranih teles (ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017)
Ergonomics - 3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric
databases - Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body
scans (ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017)
Ergonomie - 3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische
Datenbanken - Teil 1: Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte Körpermaße (ISO/DIS
20685-1:2017)
Ergonomie - Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation
pour les dimensions corporelles extraites de balayages corporels en 3 D (ISO/DIS 20685
-1:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 20685-1
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017
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oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 20685-1
ISO/TC 159/SC 3 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2017-05-11 2017-08-02
Ergonomics — 3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from
3-D body scans
Ergonomie — Méthodologies d’exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international —
Partie 1: Protocole d’évaluation pour les dimensions corporelles extraites de balayages corporels en 3 D
ICS: 13.180
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2017
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oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017
ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements . 5
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements . 5
4.2 Standard values . 7
5 Research designs for establishing accuracy of body dimensions extracted from scanners .7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Validation study procedures . 7
5.3 Sampling size and test subject selection . 8
5.4 Analytical procedures . 8
5.5 Validation study reporting . 9
6 Method for estimating the number of subjects needed . 9
Annex A (informative) Methods for reducing error in 3-D scanning .11
Bibliography .20
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20685-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 20685:2010), of which it constitutes a
minor revision and a title change.
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Introduction
Anthropometric measures are key to many International Standards. These measures can be gathered
using a variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a
three-dimensional (3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human
body that can be used for clothing and automotive design, engineering and medical applications. There
are currently no standardized methods for using 3-D point clouds in the design process. As a result,
many users extract one-dimensional (1-D) data from 3-D point clouds. This International Standard
concerns the application of 3-D scanners to the collection of one-dimensional anthropometric data for
use in design.
There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available
systems. These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and
infrared). Further, the software that is available to process data from the scan varies in its methods.
Additionally, software to extract dimensions similar to traditional dimensions varies markedly in
features and capabilities.
As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, extracted measurements
from several different systems can be markedly different for the same individual. Since 3-D scanning
can be used to gather measurements, such as lengths and circumferences, it was important to develop
an International Standard that allows users of such systems to judge whether the 3-D system is
adequate for these needs.
The intent of ISO 20685-1 is to ensure comparability of body measurements as specified by ISO 7250-1
but measured with the aid of 3-D body scanners rather than with traditional anthropometric
instruments such as tape measures and callipers. It is further intended that by conformance with this
International Standard any data extracted from scans will be suitable for inclusion in international
databases such as those described in ISO 15535.
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oSIST prEN ISO 20685-1:2017
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 20685-1:2017(E)
Ergonomics — 3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from
3-D body scans
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20685 addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the
acquisition of human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250-1 that can be extracted
from 3-D scans. It does not apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual
landmarks.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners
(head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners).
The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthropometric databases and the
users of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers
and manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers will find it useful in meeting
the needs of clients who build and use 1-D anthropometric databases.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7250-1:2017, Basic human body measurements for technological design — Part 1: Body measurement
definitions and landmarks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE In the case of definitions of terms for skeletal landmarks, when there is a separate term for the skin
overlying the landmark and another for the landmark itself, the skin landmark term is used. Where there is no
separate term, the skeletal term is used and assumed to refer to the skin overlying the landmark.
3.1
three-dimensional
3-D
pertaining to the use of three orthogonal scales on which the three coordinates, x, y and z, can be
measured to give the precise position of any relevant anatomical point in the considered space
Note 1 to entry: Many anthropometric distances can be calculated from the coordinates of anatomical landmarks.
Some additional points may be necessary to obtain circumferences.
3.2
3-D body scanner
hardware and software system that creates digital data representing a human form, or parts thereof, in
three dimensions
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3.3
3-D processing software
operating system, user interface, programs, algorithms and instructions associated with a 3-D
scanning system
3.4
3-D scanner hardware
physical components of a 3-D scanner and any associated computer(s)
3.5
accuracy
extent to which the measured value approximates a true value
Note 1 to entry: Since it is difficult to trace the accuracy of complex hardware and software systems to recognized
ISO sources, for the purposes of this International Standard true value is taken to mean the measured value
obtained by a skilled anthropometrist using traditional instruments such as tape and calliper.
3.6
acromion
most lateral point of the lateral edge of the spine (acromial process) of the scapula
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.1]
3.7
anatomical landmark
clearly defined point on the body that can be used for defining anthropometric measurements
3.8
anthropometric database
collection of individual body measurements (anthropometric data) and background information
(demographic data) recorded on a group of people (the sample)
[SOURCE: ISO 15535:2012, 3.8]
3.9
cervicale
tip of the prominent bone at the base of the back of the neck (spinous process of the seventh cervical
vertebra) in the midsagittal plane, and projected posteriorly to the surface of the skin
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.2]
3.10
crotch level
highest palpable point of the perineum
Note 1 to entry: It is typically marked using the top of a horizontal straightedge.
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.3]
3.11
Frankfurt plane
standard horizontal plane at the level of the left tragion and left orbitale (infraorbitale) when the
midsagittal plane of the head is held vertically
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 3.7]
3.12
glabella
most anterior point of the forehead between the browridges in the midsagittal plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.5]
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3.13
iliocristale
most lateral palpable point of the iliac crest of the pelvis
3.14
iliospinale anterius
most downward-directed point of the iliac crest, projected anteriorly and horizontally to the surface of
the skin
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.6]
3.15
lateral malleolus
most lateral point of the right lateral malleolus (outside ankle bone)
3.16
lowest point of rib cage
inferior point of the bottom of the rib cage (tenth rib), projected horizontally 45° from the midsagittal
plane, to the surface of the skin
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.7]
3.17
menton
lowest point of the tip of the chin in the midsagittal plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.8]
3.18
mesosternale
point on the union of the third and fourth sternebrae in the midsagittal plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.9]
3.19
opisthocranion
most distant point from glabella in the midsagittal plane, when the head is held in the Frankfurt plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.13]
3.20
orbitale
lowest point on the anterior border of the bony eye socket[ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.12]
3.21
point cloud
collection of 3-D points in space referenced by their coordinate values
Note 1 to entry: A point cloud constitutes the raw data from a 3-D scanner and needs to be translated to a human
axis system.
3.22
repeatability
extent to which the values of a variable measured twice on the same subject are the same
3.23
sellion
point of greatest indentation of the nasal root depression in the midsagittal plane, when the head is
held in the Frankfurt plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.14]
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3.24
stylion (radial stylion)
Distal point of the radial styloid, projected horizontally and anteriorly to the surface of the skin when
the arms are held down at the sides and the palms are facing the thighs.
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.15]
3.25
suprapatella, sitting
superior point of the patella (kneecap) projected vertically to the surface of the skin, when the subject
is seated and the feet are parallel with each other
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.16]
3.26
thelion
centre of the nipple; in females the corresponding point is the most anterior projection of the bust
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.17]
3.27
tibiale
point at the upper inside (medial) edge of the proximal end of the tibial bone of the lower leg, midway
between the anterior and medial aspects of the knee, projected horizontally to the surface of the skin at
45° from the parasagittal plane
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.18]
3.28
top of head
highest point of the head in the midsagittal plane, with the head oriented in the Frankfurt plane; if the
top of the head is flat, the vertex is on the bitragion arc
[SOURCE: ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.21]
3.29
tragion
notch just above the tragus (the small cartilaginous flap in front of the ear hole)[ISO 7250-1:2017, 5.19]
3.30
tragus
small cartilaginous flap in front of the ear hole
3.31
vertical plane
geometric plane tangent to a point on the body and orthogonal to the mid-sagittal plane
3.32
x, y, z coordinate system
axis system
system for measuring the body with respect to the standing or sitting human where X refers to the
fore-and-aft direction (the sagittal axis), Y refers to the side-to-side direction (the transverse axis) and
Z refers to the top-to-bottom direction (the longitudinal axis)
See Figure 1.
Note 1 to entry: Researchers establish their own origin for the axis system, convenient to their research, while
keeping the direction of the axes as indicated and reporting the origin in the data base and any publications.
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Figure 1 — x, y, z coordinate system
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements
In order to use data from 3-D scanners in internationally compatible databases, dimensions should be
drawn from ISO 7250-1. However, not all of those measurements are well suited to extraction from
3-D scanned images. In particular, the resolution from whole-body scanners might not be sufficient to
allow accurate extraction of measurements from smaller body parts such as the hand. Tables 1 to 3 give
measurements according to the type of scanner most likely to produce the best results. The numbers
indicate the measurement number in ISO 7250-1.
Table 1 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by whole-body scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position
Stature (body height) 6.1.2 B
Eye height 6.1.3 B
Shoulder height 6.1.4 B
Elbow height 6.1.5 C
Iliac spine height, standing 6.1.6 B
Crotch height 6.1.7 B
Tibial height 6.1.8 B
Chest depth, standing 6.1.9 A, B
Body depth, standing 6.1.10 A, B
Chest breadth, standing 6.1.11 A
Hip breadth, standing 6.1.12 A
Sitting height (erect) 6.2.1 D
Eye height, sitting 6.2.2 D
Cervicale height, sitting 6.2.3 D
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Table 1 (continued)
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position
Shoulder height, sitting 6.2.4 D
Elbow height, sitting 6.2.5 D
Shoulder–elbow length 6.2.6 C
Shoulder (biacromial) breadth 6.2.7 A, B
Shoulder (bideltoid) breadth 6.2.8 A, B
Elbow-to-elbow breadth 6.2.9 D
Hip breadth, sitting 6.2.10 D
Popliteal height, sitting 6.2.11 D
Thigh clearance 6.2.12 D
Knee height, sitting 6.2.13 D
Abdominal depth, sitting 6.2.14 D
Thorax depth at the nipple 6.2.15 B
Buttock–abdomen depth, sitting 6.2.16 D
Elbow-wrist length 6.4.3 C
Forearm–fingertip length 6.4.6 C
Buttock–popliteal length 6.4.7 D
Buttock–knee length 6.4.8 D
Neck circumference 6.4.9 A, B
Chest circumference 6.4.10 A
Waist circumference 6.4.11 A
Wrist circumference 6.4.12 A
Thigh circumference 6.4.13 A
Calf circumference 6.4.14 A
Note 1 to entry: For whole-body scanners, depending on the type of scanning system used, the positions ac-
cording to A.2.4 could also be useful for extracting the indicated dimensions.
Table 2 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by head scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Head length 6.3.9
Head breadth 6.3.10
Face length (menton-sellion) 6.3.11
Head circumference 6.3.12
Sagittal arc 6.3.13
Bitragion arc 6.3.14
Table 3 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by hand or foot scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Hand length (stylion) 6.3.1
Palm length 6.3.2
Hand breadth at metacarpals 6.3.3
Index finger length 6.3.4
Index finger breadth, proximal 6.3.5
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Table 3 (continued)
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Index finger breadth, distal 6.3.6
Foot length 6.3.7
Foot breadth 6.3.8
4.2 Standard values
The human body is difficult to measure and does not lend itself to standards of accuracy that might
be applied to machine tooling, for example. For the purposes of this International Standard, the
standard for accuracy of a measurement extracted from a 3-D image is the corresponding traditional
[3][4][5]
measurement, when measured by a skilled anthropometrist . The difference between an
extracted measurement and the corresponding traditional measurement on actual subjects should be
derived using the test methods given in Clause 5. If the values are lower than those specified in Table 4,
then the measurement may be included in ISO 15535 databases.
As any good scientific report documents the observer and measurer error, the accuracy of extracted
measurements should be reported in any documentation that results from the use of these systems.
Table 4 — Maximum allowable error between extracted value and traditionally measured value
Maximum mean difference
(see 5.4)
Measurement type
mm
Segment lengths (e.g. buttock-popliteal length) 5
Body heights (e.g. shoulder height) 4
Large circumferences (e.g. chest circumference) 9
Small circumferences (e.g. neck circumference) 4
Body breadths (e.g. biacromial breadth) 4
Body depths (e.g. chest depth) 5
Head dimensions without hair 1
Head dimensions with hair 2
Hand dimensions 1
Foot dimensions 2
5 Research designs for establishing accuracy of body dimensions extracted from
scanners
5.1 General
The purpose of this International Standard is to ensure that body measurements obtained from 3-D
systems are sufficiently close to those produced by ISO 7250-1 traditional methods that they can
be substituted for one another without compromising the validity of standards relying on the data.
Annex A contains information that will be helpful in meeting this goal. In order to demonstrate that a
3-D system is in conformance with this International Standard, a validation study shall be conducted.
5.2 Validation study procedures
All ISO 7250-1 variables that are to be measured by 3-D methods shall be included in the validation study.
The 3-D scanning and data extraction system used shall be exactly the same hardware and software
configuration that will be used in collecting the ISO 7250-1 data.
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The traditional measurer shall be an expert, trained and experienced in ISO 7250-1 techniques. He or
she shall have recently practiced the ISO 7250-1 protocols for the body measurements in the study.
It is preferable that the same expert measure all test subjects. If landmarks are to be marked prior
to scanning, the positioning of landmarks should be done by an expert trained and experienced in
ISO 7250-1 techniques.
Each subject shall be scanned and measured traditionally at least once. The order of scan and
measuring shall be counterbalanced to control for measurement order effects; however they shall
occur sequentially on the same day in order to minimize error introduced by transient intra-individual
fluctuations in body dimensions (see Annex A).
5.3 Sampling size and test subject selection
A power analysis such as that presented in Clause 6 shall be done in order to ensure that the validation
study sample size is large enough to detect mean scan-measure differences of the magnitudes presented
in Table 4 with 95 % confidence. A sample of at least 40 test subjects is recommended, since this will
ensure 95 % confidence in the validation test results for large circumferences such as chest, waist, and
hip, which are particularly difficult to measure for both traditional and 3-D measurement systems.
Validation test subjects shall reflect approximately the same range of body sizes and shape variations
expected in the study population that is to be measured by the 3-D system. If both males and females
are to be surveyed, then the validation sample shall include an equal number of each sex. The validation
sample shall also include a variety of body types — not just people of average height and weight. If
children are to be measured, it is particularly important that the validation sample cover the age range
of the intended survey.
5.4 Analytical procedures
After data collection is complete, the difference, d , between the scan value and the measured value
(d = scan minus measure) shall be computed for each variable and test subject, and the mean of these
differences shall be calculated for each variable and reported with its associated standard deviation,
sample size and 95 % confidence interval. If the 95 % confidence interval for the mean of scan-minus-
measure differences is within the plus or minus interval defined by the values in Table 4, then the 3-D
system can be said to give results sufficiently comparable to ISO 7250-1 methods such that the 3-D data
may be used in standards relying on ISO 7250-1 protocols.
Table 5 shows how the analysis of test data should be done, and how the correct conclusion can be
reached. The difference between the scan-extracted value and the measured value should be calculated
for each subject. Then, the mean and standard deviation of those differences should be calculated. Next,
the 95% confidence interval should be calculated. The lower and upper limits can be calculated as:
Mean – (standard deviation * 1.96/√N).
Mean + (standard deviation * 1.96/√N)
Automatic functions for all these are available in common statistical packages, as well as spreadsheets.
Next, the comparison value is selected from Table 4, according to the type of dimension. In Table A.1, we
use 4 mm for Stature, since it is a body height (the second row of Table 4). In the example, both upper
and lower 95% confidence limits are less than 4, so the conclusion would be that the scan-extracted
value would be close enough to the measured value that it could be included in ISO databases.
The second dimension, hand length, has a different result. Following the same calculations, the lower
95% confidence limit is less than 1, the comparison value from Table 4 (second to last row), but the
upper limit is greater than 1. In this case, the scan-extracted data for hand length should not be included
in ISO databases.
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5.5 Validation study reporting
A report of the validation study shall be published and/or included in the anthropometric survey report
associated with any 3-D database provided for use in standards relying on ISO 7250-1 protocols. This
report shall include the following information:
— demography (age, sex) and anthropometry (height, weight) of the test subjects;
— protocols for measuring and scanning, including subject clothing, anthropometric landmarks, and
body positions;
— name and pertinent details (or references) describing the 3-D system being validated, including
hardware model number, and software version number;
— means, standard deviations, sample sizes for each body dimension as measured by scanning and as
measured traditionally;
— means, standard deviations, sample sizes and 95 % confidence intervals for scan-minus-measure
differences for each body dimension.
Table 5 — Example showing test data, calculations and conclusion
Stature Hand length
Subject
Measured Measured
Scan value difference Scan value difference
value value
1 1925 1920 5 123 121 2
2 1872 1880 -8 150 158 -8
3 1660 1670 -10 160 158 2
4
.
.
.
.
40 1880 1886 -6 145 148 -3
N 40 40
Mean 2.8 1.4
SD 3.8 2.9
Lower limit 1.622 0.501
Upper limit
...
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