SIST EN 13067:2020
(Main)Platics welding personnel - Qualfication of welders - Thermoplastics welded assemblies
Platics welding personnel - Qualfication of welders - Thermoplastics welded assemblies
This document specifies the method of testing the knowledge and skill of a welder who is required to carry out welds on thermoplastics in new constructions and repair work.
The skill examination of a welder is an essential condition for the assurance of the quality of the welding work.
The application of this document guarantees that the examination is carried out according to a uniform test procedure.
This document applies when the contractor or the authorities responsible for the application require it.
Gas and water utility network industries with alternative qualification programmes are excluded from this document.
This document applies to the following welding processes:
- hot gas welding: round nozzle, high speed nozzle, wedge;
- extrusion welding;
- heated tool welding: butt, saddle, socket, wedge;
- electrofusion welding: socket, saddle;
- solvent welding: socket.
This document applies to the welding of the following products:
- sheet;
- pipe;
- fittings;
- lining membrane.
This document covers the welding of the following groups of materials:
a) for sheets, pipes and fittings:
- group 1: PVC (including all kinds of PVC-U, PVC-C) or ABS;
- group 2: PP (including all kinds of PP);
- group 3: PE (including all kinds of PE);
- group 4: PVDF;
- group 5: ECTFE or PFA or FEP;
b) for lining membranes and flooring:
- group 6: PVC-P;
- group 7: PE (including all kinds of PE);
- group 8: ECB;
- group 9: PP.
c) for pipes and fittings only:
- group 10: PA-U 11 or PA-U 12.
Kunststoffschweißpersonal - Anerkennungsprüfung von Schweißern - Thermoplastische Schweißverbindungen
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren für die Prüfung der Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten eines Schweißers fest, der Schweißarbeiten an Thermoplasten bei Neuanfertigungen und Reparaturarbeiten durchzuführen hat.
Die Prüfung der Fertigkeiten eines Schweißers ist eine notwendige Bedingung für die Sicherung der Qualität bei Schweißarbeiten.
Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments stellt sicher, dass die Prüfung nach einem einheitlichen Prüfverfahren durchgeführt wird.
Dieses Dokument findet Anwendung, wenn der Auftragnehmer oder die für das Anwendungsgebiet verantwortliche Behörde dies fordert.
Gas- und Wasserversorgungsunternehmen, die alternative Anerkennungsprogramme haben, sind von diesem Dokument ausgeschlossen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für folgende Schweißverfahren:
- Warmgasschweißen: Runddüse (Warmgasfächelschweißen), Schnellschweißdüse (Warmgaszieh-schweißen), Keil;
- Extrusionsschweißen;
- Heizelementstumpfschweißen: Stumpfstoß, Sattel, Muffe, Keil;
- Heizwendelschweißen: Muffe, Sattel;
- Quellschweißen: Muffe.
Dieses Dokument gilt für das Schweißen folgender Produkte:
- Tafeln;
- Rohre;
- Formstücke;
- Dichtungsbahnen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für das Schweißen der folgenden Werkstoffgruppen:
a) für Tafeln, Rohre und Formstücke:
- Gruppe 1: PVC (einschließlich aller Typen von PVC-U, PVC-C), ABS;
- Gruppe 2: PP (einschließlich aller Typen von PP);
- Gruppe 3: PE (einschließlich aller Typen von PE);
- Gruppe 4: PVDF;
- Gruppe 5: ECTFE oder PFA oder FEP.
b) für Dichtungsbahnen und Bodenbelag:
- Gruppe 6: PVC P;
- Gruppe 7: PE (einschließlich aller Typen von PE);
- Gruppe 8: ECB;
- Gruppe 9: PP.
c) nur für Rohre und Formstücke:
- Gruppe 10 für PA-U 11 oder PA-U 12.
Personnel en soudage des plastiques - Qualification des soudeurs - Assemblages soudés thermoplastiques
Le présent document spécifie la méthode à utiliser pour évaluer les connaissances et l’habileté d’un soudeur à qui il est demandé de réaliser des soudures sur des matières thermoplastiques pour des constructions neuves et des travaux de réparation.
L’examen de l’habileté d’un soudeur est une condition essentielle de l’assurance de la qualité du soudage.
L’application du présent document garantit que l’examen se déroule selon une procédure d’épreuve uniforme.
Le présent document s’applique lorsque le contractant ou les autorités responsables de l’application l’exigent.
Les sociétés de distribution publique de gaz et d’eau qui disposent de programmes de qualification différents ne sont pas concernées par le présent document.
Le présent document s’applique aux procédés de soudage suivants :
- soudage au gaz chaud : buse ronde, buse rapide, coin chauffant ;
- soudage par extrusion ;
- soudage par élément chauffant : bout à bout, selle de raccordement, emboîture, coin chauffant ;
- soudage par électrofusion : emboîture, selle de raccordement ;
- soudage par solvant : emboîture.
Le présent document s’applique au soudage des produits suivants :
- feuilles ;
- tubes ;
- raccords ;
- membranes de revêtement.
Le présent document couvre le soudage des groupes de matériaux suivants :
a) pour les feuilles, tubes et raccords :
- groupe 1 : PVC (incluant tous les types de PVC-U, PVC-C) ou ABS ;
- groupe 2 : PP (incluant tous les types de PP) ;
- groupe 3 : PE (incluant tous les types de PE) ;
- groupe 4 : PVDF ;
- groupe 5 : ECTFE, PFA ou FEP.
b) pour les membranes de revêtement et revêtements de sols :
- groupe 6 : PVC-P ;
- groupe 7 : PE (incluant tous les types de PE) ;
- groupe 8 : ECB ;
- groupe 9 : PP.
c) pour les tubes et raccords seulement :
- groupe 10 : PA-U 11 ou PA-U 12.
Osebje za varjenje polimerov - Usposobljenost varilcev - Varjenje plastomerov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13067:2020
01-november-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13067:2014
Osebje za varjenje polimerov - Usposobljenost varilcev - Varjenje plastomerov
Platics welding personnel - Qualfication of welders - Thermoplastics welded assemblies
Kunststoffschweißpersonal - Anerkennungsprüfung von Schweißern - Thermoplastische
Schweißverbindungen
Personnel en soudage des plastiques - Qualification des soudeurs - Assemblages
soudés thermoplastiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13067:2020
ICS:
03.100.30 Vodenje ljudi Management of human
resources
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
SIST EN 13067:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13067:2020
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SIST EN 13067:2020
EN 13067
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 03.100.30; 25.160.10 Supersedes EN 13067:2012
English Version
Plastics welding personnel - Qualification of welders -
Thermoplastics welded assemblies
Personnel en soudage des plastiques - Épreuve de Kunststoffschweißpersonal - Qualifizierung von
qualification des soudeurs - Assemblages soudés Schweißern - Thermoplastische Schweißverbindungen
thermoplastiques
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13067:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13067:2020
EN 13067:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Admission to the qualification tests . 10
5 Testing of skill and knowledge . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Practical test . 10
5.3 Theoretical test . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Questions . 11
6 Duty of Plastics Welding Examiner and invigilator . 18
7 Range of qualification . 18
8 Welding of test piece . 19
8.1 Difficulties and corrections whilst welding the test piece . 19
8.2 Inspection requirements . 19
8.3 Test piece . 19
9 Test piece and test specimens, shapes and dimensions. 19
10 Evaluation and acceptance criteria of test piece(s) and test specimens . 28
10.1 General . 28
10.2 Visual examination . 28
10.3 Destructive tests . 28
10.3.1 General . 28
10.3.2 Bend test . 28
10.3.3 Peel test . 28
10.3.4 Tensile test . 30
10.3.5 Visual examination of longitudinal cross-sections . 31
10.4 Non-destructive tests — High voltage test . 31
11 Test result . 31
11.1 Overall assessment . 31
11.2 Practical test . 32
11.3 Theoretical test . 32
12 Failed test . 32
13 Period of validity . 32
13.1 Initial qualification . 32
13.2 Prolongation . 32
14 Qualification renewal . 32
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Annex A (informative) Welding record sheet - Heated tool butt welding of pipes . 33
Annex B (informative) PWE evaluation sheet for practical test . 34
B.1 Welding process: Hot gas round nozzle - Hot gas speed .34
B.2 Welding process: Extrusion welding .36
B.3 Welding process: Heated tool butt welding .38
B.4 Welding process: Heated tool socket welding - Heated tool saddle welding .40
B.5 Welding process: Electrofusion socket welding - Electrofusion saddle welding .41
B.6 Welding of lining membranes .42
B.7 Welding process: Solvent welding .46
Bibliography . 47
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SIST EN 13067:2020
EN 13067:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13067:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the
secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13067:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition EN 13067:2012, the following technical modifications have
been made:
— in Clause 1 Scope for the different group of materials in a) for sheets, pipes and fittings, group 1
includes also ABS; b) is for lining membranes and flooring. In c) for pipes and fittings, the group 10
is for PA-U 11 or PA-U 12;
— subclause 5.3 has been redrafted with subclause 5.3.1 General, making reference to Table 3 -
Welding processes for the theoretical test and Table 4 - Minimum number of questions for the
theoretical test, and with subclause 5.3.2 Questions;
— in Table 1, the group of material 10 PA-U has been added;
— in Table 2 for the group of material 6 PVC-P the range of e has been modified from e = 2 to
n n
1 ≤ en ≤ 3 and the sub-groups 6.5, 6.6 have been added; for the group of material 7 PE, the sub-
groups 7.6, 7.7 and 7.8, have been added and the range of the nominal wall thickness is: 0,75 ≤ e ≤ 1;
n
— Figure 9 — Test piece for lining membranes – Butt weld with V preparation, has been added and
the numbering of the other ones has been changed;
— in 10.3.4 indications have been added for the tensile test of test specimens of PE pipes with wall
thicknesses greater than 30 mm;
— subclause 10.4 Non-destructive tests on the high voltage test, has been added;
— Clause 11 is only for test result, there is no more reference to qualification test certificate.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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SIST EN 13067:2020
EN 13067:2020 (E)
Introduction
This document covers the principles to be observed in the qualification testing of welder performance
for the welding of thermoplastic materials.
The ability of the welder to follow verbal or written instructions and testing of his skill are important
factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product.
This document is intended to provide the basis for the mutual recognition by examining bodies for
qualification relating to welders competence in the various fields of application.
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SIST EN 13067:2020
EN 13067:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the method of testing the knowledge and skill of a welder who is required to
carry out welds on thermoplastics in new constructions and repair work.
The skill examination of a welder is an essential condition for the assurance of the quality of the welding
work.
The application of this document guarantees that the examination is carried out according to a uniform
test procedure.
This document applies when the contractor or the authorities responsible for the application require it.
Gas and water utility network industries with alternative qualification programmes are excluded from
this document.
This document applies to the following welding processes:
— hot gas welding: round nozzle, speed, wedge;
— extrusion welding;
— heated tool welding: butt, saddle, socket, wedge;
— electrofusion welding: socket, saddle;
— solvent welding: socket.
This document applies to the welding of the following products:
— sheet;
— pipe (unreinforced, solid wall only);
— fittings (unreinforced only);
— lining membrane.
This document covers the welding of the following groups of materials:
a) for sheets, pipes and fittings:
— group 1: PVC (including all kinds of PVC-U, PVC-C) or ABS;
— group 2: PP (including all kinds of PP);
— group 3: PE (including all kinds of PE);
— group 4: PVDF;
— group 5: ECTFE or PFA or FEP;
b) for lining membranes and flooring:
— group 6: PVC-P;
— group 7: PE (including all kinds of PE);
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EN 13067:2020 (E)
— group 8: ECB;
— group 9: PP;
c) for pipes and fittings only:
— group 10: PA-U 11 or PA-U 12.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12814-1, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products - Part 1: Bend test
EN 12814-2:2000, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products - Part 2: Tensile test
EN 12814-4, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products - Part 4: Peel test
EN 12814-8, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products - Part 8: Requirements
EN 13100-1, Non destructive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products - Part 1:
Visual examination
EN 13100-4, Non destructive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semifinished products - Part 4: High
voltage testing
EN 14728, Imperfections in thermoplastic welds - Classification
EN ISO 6947, Welding and allied processes - Welding positions (ISO 6947)
CEN/TS 16892, Plastics - Welding of thermoplastics - Specification of welding procedures
ISO 13955, Plastics pipes and fittings - Crushing decohesion test for polyethylene (PE) electrofusion
assemblies
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
AD-WLD break
failure mode in an extrusion welded membrane peel test specimen where the failure is through the weld
material
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3.2
applicant
person who has submitted an application to be admitted into the qualification process
3.3
assessment
process that evaluates a person’s fulfilment of the requirements of the qualification scheme
3.4
candidate
applicant who has fulfilled specified prerequisites and has been admitted to the qualification process
3.5
qualification body
independent entity that administers qualifications of plastics welders and approves the PWE and/or the
invigilator
3.6
invigilator
qualified person, approved by the qualification body who can oversee the practical and theoretical tests
3.7
manufacturer
company, contractor or organization who is responsible for the welding
3.8
Plastics Welding Examiner
PWE
qualified person approved by the qualification body, who verifies the compliance with this document
3.9
qualification test
theoretical and practical tests in order to verify the knowledge and the skill of the welder
3.10
range of qualification
welding processes, types of joint, materials, thicknesses and diameters for which a welder is qualified
3.11
test piece
assembly which is welded during the practical test
3.12
test specimen
part or portion cut from the test piece for the test specified
3.13
test house
establishment having all relevant test equipment to carry out the required tests and working for
example in compliance with EN ISO/IEC 17025
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3.14
training centre
educational establishment for training plastics welding personnel and/or Plastics Welding Examiner
approved by the qualification body
3.15
welding process
technique characterized by the method of softening to obtain permanent assembly
3.15.1
electrofusion welding
softening of fitting and pipe surfaces to be welded is obtained by means of a heating element embedded
in the fitting which remain between welded joints
3.15.2
extrusion welding
welding process in which an extruder unit with a melting chamber gives the extruded material required
by the thickness and shape of the joint
Note 1 to entry: Hot air or inert gas heats simultaneously the parent material.
3.15.3
heated tool welding
welding process in which the joint surfaces are adequately heated by exposure, through direct contact
with heated elements and are welded under pressure, which includes butt fusion welding (also called
hot plate welding, platen welding or mirror welding) and socket fusion welding
3.15.4
heated wedge welding
welding process in which the lining membrane welded is gripped by rollers which guide and propel the
welding machine which uses either hot gas to heat the lining membrane and the wedge to effect the weld
or electrically heated wedge to heat the lining membrane in the area being welded
3.15.5
hot gas speed welding
welding process in which the welding rod is suitably guided and pre-heated and the nozzle tip is
provided with a profiled area to apply the welding pressure
3.15.6
hot gas welding
welding process in which the materials to be unified are softened by hot air or inert gas and are pressed
together
3.15.7
hot gas round nozzle welding
welding process in which the pressure is applied via the welding rod or a suitable attachment such as a
pressure roller
3.15.8
solvent welding
softening of fitting and pipe surfaces, by means of a solvent contained in the cement
Note 1 to entry: After suitable cure time, the solvent dries leaving the parent material in the interface between
welded joints.
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3.16
welding procedure specification
WPS
document providing in detail the required variables for a specific application to assure repeatability
3.17
welding record sheet
document recording in detail the variables used during the practical test
3.18
welder
person making a welded assembly by any process, whose manual skill and knowledge are two of the
determining factors influencing the quality of the welded joint, or person performing a welding
operation by means of mechanical or automatic equipment
4 Admission to the qualification tests
Only applicants whose training and/or for whose previous activities show that they are likely to pass
the planned test may be admitted as a candidate. As a rule this is the case if one of the following
conditions is met:
— completed apprenticeship as plastics fabricator;
— at least two years of experience as a plastics welder confirmed by manufacturer’s declaration;
— completion of both a technical and practical training course in preparation for the plastic welders
qualification test.
An example of a suitable training course is defined in Entry [1] in the Bibliography or may be identified
in national standards.
5 Testing of skill and knowledge
5.1 General
During the qualification test, the candidate shall demonstrate his practical skill according to 5.2 and his
theoretical knowledge according to 5.3.
5.2 Practical test
This part of the qualification test is carried out under the supervision of the PWE or invigilator.
The candidate shall complete the test piece specified by the required sub-group in Table 1 or Table 2 in
accordance with the relevant WPS.
All welding equipment, materials and documents necessary to complete the test piece shall be available
to the candidate.
All welding shall be performed in the flat position (PA), according to EN ISO 6947.
The time taken by the candidate to complete the test piece shall correspond to that taken under
production conditions.
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5.3 Theoretical test
5.3.1 General
This part of the qualification test is carried out under the supervision of the PWE or invigilator.
The candidate's knowledge of the practical working rules for skilful and safe working shall be evaluated
in the theoretical test.
The candidate shall answer 20 multiple-choice questions for one welding process. If the candidate is
being tested in more than one welding process, the number of multiple-choice questions shall be
increased by five per welding process up to a maximum of 45. The different welding processes are
defined in Table 3.
The minimum number of general and welding process specific questions are given in Table 4.
Completion of the 20 questions theoretical test shall not exceed one hour and be continuous without
access to teaching aids. For any extra question a maximum time of 3 min shall be added to the previous
hour.
The questions shall cover the subjects in 5.3.2 as appropriate.
5.3.2 Questions
The questions shall cover the following general and welding process specific subjects.
General subjects:
— rules for welding of thermoplastics to which the test is designed to apply, meaning of the welding
signs and symbols of the range of work;
— knowledge concerning on-site welding;
— knowledge concerning the characteristics of thermoplastics within the sub-groups;
— knowledge concerning WPSs and welding record sheets;
— knowledge concerning non-destructive examinations and destructive tests necessary for the
applied welding process(es);
— awareness of health and safety requirements for the above work.
Subjects specific to each welding process:
— operation and control of the welding equipment;
— welding processes (for solvent welding, this includes the characteristics of solvents / cements
within the relevant sub-group);
— correct preparation of the work pieces for welding;
— preventing and correcting faults when making welds;
— knowledge concerning the types of imperfections for the applied welding process(es);
— awareness of the consequences of misapplying welding parameters and/or procedures.
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Table 1 — Sheets, pipes and fitting details of practical tests
Dimensions in millimetres
Group of Sub- Type of product Welding process Weld Examination Test piece Range of qualification
d
material groups form and testing according
S = sheet P = pipe
b
Dimensions Type of joint
a to Figure
Type of test
en = nominal wall
thickness
d = nominal pipe outside
n
diameter
SDR = dn/en
1 PVC 1.1 S en = 5 Hot gas round nozzle V V/ B f+r 1 All en V,X,⊥
1.2 S e = 5 Hot gas speed V V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
1.3 S e = 5 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 e ≥ 3 ][
n n
1.4 P d = 40 and Solvent I V/ Vls 4 d < 160 I
n n
d = 110
n
SDR ≤ 21
1.5 P d ≥ 160 Solvent I V/ Vls 4 d ≥ 160 I
n n
SDR ≤ 21
2 PP 2.1 S e = 9 or 10 Hot gas speed X V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
2.2 S e = 9 or 10 Extrusion continuous V V/ B f+r 1 e ≥ 3 V,X,⊥
n n
2.3 S en = 9 or 10 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 en ≥ 3 ][
2.4 P dn = 110 Heated tool ][ V/ B 2 en ≥ 3 ][
SDR ≤ 17,6 dn ≤ 315
2.5 P dn ≥ 400 Heated tool ][ V/ B s 2 dn > 315 ][
SDR ≤ 17,6
c
2.6 P dn = 63 Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All dn I
SDR ≤ 17,6
2.7 P dn = 63 Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 All dn I
SDR ≤ 17,6
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Group of Sub- Type of product Welding process Weld Examination Test piece Range of qualification
d
material groups form and testing according
S = sheet P = pipe
b
Dimensions Type of joint
to Figure
a
Type of test
e = nominal wall
n
thickness
d = nominal pipe outside
n
diameter
SDR = dn/en
3 PE 3.1 S e = 10 Hot gas speed X V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
3.2 S en = 10 Extrusion continuous V V/ B f+r 1 en ≥ 3 V,X,⊥
3.3 S en = 10 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 en ≥ 3 ][
3.4 P 110 ≤ d ≤ 180 Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d ≤ 315 ][
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
3.5 P d ≥ 400 Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d > 315 ][
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
3.6 P 90 ≤ d ≤ 125 Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 d ≤ 315 I
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
3.7 P d ≥ 355 Electrofusion I V/ Pd 4 d > 315 I
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
3.8 P d ≤ 63 Electrofusion .†. V/ Pc 5 All d .†.
n n
on
90 ≤ dn ≤ 125
SDR ≤ 17,6
c
3.9 P d = 63 Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All d I
n n
SDR = 11
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Group of Sub- Type of product Welding process Weld Examination Test piece Range of qualification
d
material groups form and testing according
S = sheet P = pipe
b
Dimensions Type of joint
to Figure
a
Type of test
e = nominal wall
n
thickness
d = nominal pipe outside
n
diameter
SDR = dn/en
3.10 P d = 32 Heated tool .†. V/ Pc 5 All d .†.
n n
on dn = 90
SDR = 11
4 PVDF 4.1 S en = 4 Hot gas V V/ B f+r 1 en ≥ 2 V,X,⊥
speed
4.2 S en = 4 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 en ≥ 2 ][
4.3 P dn = 110 Heated tool ][ V/ B 2 All dn ][
e = 5,3 e ≥ 1,9
n n
c
4.4 P dn = 63 Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All dn I
e = 3
n
5 5.1 S en = 2,3 V V/ T 3 en ≥ 1,6 V,X,⊥
ECTFE Hot gas speed
or FEP
or PFA
5.2 P d = 110 Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 All d ][
n n
en = 3 All en
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Group of Sub- Type of product Welding process Weld Examination Test piece Range of qualification
d
material groups form and testing according
S = sheet P = pipe
b
Dimensions Type of joint
to Figure
a
Type of test
e = nominal wall
n
thickness
d = nominal pipe outside
n
diameter
SDR = dn/en
10 PA-U 10.1 P 110 ≤ d ≤ 180 Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d ≤ 315 ][
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
10.2 P d ≥ 400 Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d > 315 ][
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
10.3 P 90 ≤ d ≤ 125 Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 d ≤ 315 I
n n
SDR ≤ 17,6
10.4 P dn ≥ 355 Electrofusion I V/ Pd 4 dn > 315 I
SDR ≤ 17,6
10.5 P dn ≤ 63 Electrofusion .†. V/ Pc 5 All dn .†.
on
90 ≤ d ≤ 125
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
a
” / ” = and; B = Bend test (f: face ; r: root ; s: side (for thick materials)) Pc = Peel test (crush test) ; V = Visual examination; Pd = Peel test (decohesion test);
T = Tensile test; Vls = Visual examination of longitudinal sections
b
Type of joint
c
Welding by machine only
d
V = V preparation; X = double V preparation; ⊥ = fillet weld; ][ = butt weld; .†. = saddle; I = socket
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Table 2 — Lining membrane details of practical tests
Dimensions in millimetres
Group of Sub- Type of product Welding process Weld Examination and Test piece Range of qualification
material groups form
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13067:2019
01-julij-2019
Osebje za varjenje polimerov - Usposobljenost varilcev - Varjenje plastomerov
Platics welding personnel - Qualfication of welders - Thermoplastics welded assemblies
Kunststoffschweißpersonal - Anerkennungsprüfung von Schweißern - Thermoplastische
Schweißverbindungen
Personnel en soudage des plastiques - Qualification des soudeurs - Assemblages
soudés thermoplastiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13067
ICS:
03.100.30 Vodenje ljudi Management of human
resources
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
oSIST prEN 13067:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13067:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13067
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2019
ICS 03.100.30; 25.160.10 Will supersede EN 13067:2012
English Version
Platics welding personnel - Qualfication of welders -
Thermoplastics welded assemblies
Personnel en soudage des plastiques - Qualification des Kunststoffschweißpersonal - Anerkennungsprüfung
soudeurs - Assemblages soudés thermoplastiques von Schweißern - Thermoplastische
Schweißverbindungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 249.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13067:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Admission to the qualification tests . 10
5 Testing of skill and knowledge . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Practical test . 10
5.3 Theoretical test . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Lining membranes (M) and sheets (S) . 11
5.3.3 Pipes and fittings (P) . 11
5.3.4 Questions . 11
6 Duty of Plastics Welding Examiner and invigilator . 19
7 Range of qualification . 19
8 Welding of test piece . 19
8.1 Difficulties and corrections whilst welding the test piece . 19
8.2 Inspection requirements . 19
8.3 Test piece . 19
9 Test piece and test specimens, shapes and dimensions . 19
10 Evaluation and acceptance criteria of test piece(s) and test specimens . 28
10.1 General . 28
10.2 Visual examination . 28
10.3 Destructive tests . 28
10.3.1 General . 28
10.3.2 Bend test . 28
10.3.3 Peel test . 29
10.3.4 Tensile test . 30
10.3.5 Visual examination of longitudinal cross-sections . 31
10.4 Non-destructive tests — High voltage test. 31
11 Test result and qualification test certificate . 31
11.1 Overall assessment . 31
11.2 Practical test . 31
11.3 Qualification test certificate . 32
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11.4 Theoretical test .32
12 Failed test .32
13 Period of validity .32
13.1 Initial qualification .32
13.2 Prolongation .33
14 Qualification test certificate renewal .33
Annex A (informative) Welding record sheet - Heated tool butt welding of pipes .34
Annex B (informative) Welders qualification tests certificate format .35
Annex C (informative) PWE evaluation sheet for practical test .36
C.1 Welding process: Hot gas round nozzle - Hot gas high speed nozzle .36
C.2 Welding process: Extrusion welding .37
C.3 Welding process: Heated tool butt welding .38
C.4 Welding process: Heated tool socket welding - Heated tool saddle welding .39
C.5 Welding process: Electrofusion socket welding - Electrofusion saddle welding .40
C.6 Welding of lining membranes .41
C.7 Test report for solvent welding practical test .45
Bibliography .46
3
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13067:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”,
the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13067:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— in Clause 1 Scope for the different group of materials in a) for sheets, pipes and fittings, group 1
includes also ABS; b) is for lining membranes and flooring. In c) for pipes and fittings, the group 10
is for PA-U 11 or PA-U 12;
— in Table 2 for the group of material 6 PVC-P the range of en has been modified from en = 2 to 1 ≤ en ≤ 3
and the Sub groups 6.5 and 6.6 has been added; for the group of material 7 PE, the Sub groups 7.6,
7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10 have been added and the range of the nominal wall thickness is: 0,75 ≤ e ≤ 1;
n
— Figure 9 — Test piece for lining membranes – Butt weld with V preparation, has been added and
the numbering of the other ones has been changed;
— Subclause 10.4 Non-destructive tests on the high voltage test, has been added.
4
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Introduction
This document covers the principles to be observed in the qualification testing of welder performance
for the welding of thermoplastic materials.
The ability of the welder to follow verbal or written instructions and testing of his skill are important
factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product.
This document is intended to provide the basis for the mutual recognition by examining bodies for
qualification relating to welders competence in the various fields of application.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the method of testing the knowledge and skill of a welder who is required to
carry out welds on thermoplastics in new constructions and repair work.
The skill examination of a welder is an essential condition for the assurance of the quality of the welding
work.
The application of this document guarantees that the examination is carried out according to a uniform
test procedure.
This document applies when the contractor or the authorities responsible for the application require it.
Gas and water utility network industries with alternative qualification programmes are excluded from
this document.
This document applies to the following welding processes:
— hot gas welding: round nozzle, high speed nozzle, wedge;
— extrusion welding;
— heated tool welding: butt, saddle, socket, wedge;
— electrofusion welding: socket, saddle;
— solvent welding: socket.
This document applies to the welding of the following products:
— sheet;
— pipe;
— fittings;
— lining membrane.
This document covers the welding of the following groups of materials:
a) for sheets, pipes and fittings:
— group 1: PVC (including all kinds of PVC-U, PVC-C) or ABS;
— group 2: PP (including all kinds of PP);
— group 3: PE (including all kinds of PE);
— group 4: PVDF;
— group 5: ECTFE or PFA or FEP;
b) for lining membranes and flooring:
— group 6: PVC-P;
— group 7: PE (including all kinds of PE);
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— group 8: ECB;
— group 9: PP.
c) for pipes and fittings only:
— group 10: PA-U 11 or PA-U 12
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12814-1, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products — Part 1: Bend test
EN 12814-2:2000, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products — Part 2: Tensile test
EN 12814-4, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products — Part 4: Peel test
EN 12814-8, Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products — Part 8: Requirements
EN 13100-1, Non destructive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products — Part 1:
Visual examination
EN 13100-4, Non destructive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semifinished products — Part 4:
High voltage testing
EN 14728, Imperfections in thermoplastic welds — Classification
CEN/TS 16892, Plastics — Welding of thermoplastics — Specification of welding procedures
ISO 13955, Plastics pipes and fittings — Crushing decohesion test for polyethylene (PE) electrofusion
assemblies
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
AD-WLD break
failure mode in an extrusion welded membrane peel test specimen where the failure is through the weld
material
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3.2
applicant
person who has submitted an application to be admitted into the certification process
3.3
assessment
process that evaluates a person’s fulfilment of the requirements of the certification scheme
3.4
candidate
applicant who has fulfilled specified prerequisites and has been admitted to the certification process
3.5
certificate
document issued by the certificate issuing authority under the provisions of this document, indicating
that the named person has fulfilled the certification requirements
3.6
certificate issuing authority
CIA
establishment responsible for issuing the welder qualification test certificate and for approving the PWE
and or the Invigilator, working for example in compliance with EN ISO/IEC 17024
3.7
invigilator
qualified person, approved by Certificate Issuing Authority (CIA), who can supervise the practical and
theoretical tests
Note 1 to entry: 3.7 and 3.9 can be the same person.
3.8
manufacturer
company, contractor or organization who is responsible for the welding
3.9
Plastics Welding Examiner
PWE
qualified person approved by Certificate Issuing Authority (CIA), who verifies the compliance with this
standard
3.10
qualification test
theoretical and practical tests in order to verify the knowledge and the skill of the welder
3.11
range of qualification
welding processes, types of joint, materials, thicknesses and diameters for which a welder is qualified
3.12
test piece
assembly which is welded during the practical test
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3.13
test specimen
part or portion cut from the test piece for the test specified
3.14
test house
establishment having all relevant test equipment to carry out the required tests and working for
example in compliance with EN ISO/IEC 17025
3.15
training centre
educational establishment for training plastics welding personnel and/or Plastics Welding Examiner
approved by CIA
3.16
welding process
technique characterized by the method of softening to obtain permanent assembly
3.16.1
electrofusion welding
softening of fitting and pipe surfaces to be welded is obtained by means of a heating element embedded
in the fitting which remain between welded joints
3.16.2
extrusion welding
welding process in which an extruder unit with a melting chamber gives the extruded material required
by the thickness and shape of the joint
Note 1 to entry: Hot air or inert gas heats simultaneously the parent material.
3.16.3
heated tool welding
welding process in which the joint surfaces are adequately heated by exposure, through direct contact
with heated elements and are welded under pressure, which includes butt fusion welding (also called
hot plate welding, platen welding or mirror welding) and socket fusion welding
3.16.4
heated wedge
welding process in which the lining membrane welded is gripped by rollers which guide and propel the
welding machine which uses either hot gas to heat the lining membrane and the wedge to effect the weld
or electrically heated wedge to heat the lining membrane in the area being welded
3.16.5
high-speed nozzle
welding process in which the welding rod is suitably guided and pre-heated and the nozzle tip is
provided with a profiled area to apply the welding pressure
3.16.6
hot gas welding
welding process in which the materials to be unified are softened by hot air or inert gas and are pressed
together
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3.16.7
round nozzle
welding process in which the pressure is applied via the welding rod or a suitable attachment such as a
pressure roller
3.16.8
solvent welding
softening of fitting and pipe surfaces, by means of a solvent contained in the cement
Note 1 to entry: After suitable cure time, the solvent dries leaving the parent material in the interface between
welded joints.
3.17
welding Procedure Specification
WPS
document providing in detail the required variables for a specific application to assure repeatability
3.18
welding record sheet
document recording in detail the variables used during the practical test
3.19
welder
person making a welded assembly by any process, whose manual skill and knowledge are two of the
determining factors influencing the quality of the welded joint, or person performing a welding
operation by means of mechanical or automatic equipment
4 Admission to the qualification tests
Only applicants whose training and/or for whose previous activities show that they are likely to pass
the planned test may be admitted as a candidate. As a rule this is the case if one of the following
conditions is met:
— completed apprenticeship as plastics fabricator;
— at least two years experience as a plastics welder confirmed by manufacturer’s declaration;
— completion of both a technical and practical training course in preparation for the plastic welders
qualification test.
An example of a suitable training course is defined in Entry [1] in the Bibliography or may be identified
in national standards.
5 Testing of skill and knowledge
5.1 General
During the qualification test, the candidate shall demonstrate his practical skill according to 5.2 and his
theoretical knowledge according to 5.3.
5.2 Practical test
This part of the qualification test is carried out under the supervision of the PWE or Invigilator.
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The candidate shall complete the test piece specified by the required sub-group in Table 1 or Table 2 in
accordance with the relevant WPS.
All welding equipment, materials and documents necessary to complete the test piece shall be available
to the candidate.
All welding shall be performed in a horizontal position.
The time taken by the candidate to complete the test piece shall correspond to that taken under
production conditions.
5.3 Theoretical test
5.3.1 General
This part of the qualification test is carried out under the supervision of the PWE or Invigilator.
The candidate's knowledge of the practical working rules for skilful and safe working shall be evaluated
in the theoretical test.
5.3.2 Lining membranes (M) and sheets (S)
The candidate shall answer 20 multiple-choice questions for one welding process. If the candidate is
being tested in more than one welding process, the number of multiple-choice questions shall be
increased by five per welding process up to a maximum of forty.
Completion of the 20 questions theoretical test shall not exceed one hour and be continuous without
access to teaching aids. For any extra question a maximum time of 3 min shall be added to the previous
hour.
The questions shall cover the subjects in 5.3.4 as appropriate .
5.3.3 Pipes and fittings (P)
The candidate shall answer 20 multiple-choice questions for each welding process. If the candidate is
being tested in more than one subgroup the number of multiple-choice questions shall be increased by
seven for each subgroup.
EXAMPLE The number of questions for testing subgroups: 2.4+3.4+3.6 is 47 questions
Completion of the 20 questions theoretical test shall not exceed one hour and be continuous without
access to teaching aids. For any extra question a maximum time of 3 min shall be added to the previous
hour.
The questions shall cover the subjects in 5.3.4 as appropriate .
5.3.4 Questions
The questions shall cover the following subjects, as appropriate:
— rules for welding of thermoplastics to which the test is designed to apply, meaning of the welding
signs and symbols of the range of work;
— operation and control of the welding equipment;
— welding processes;
— knowledge concerning on-site welding;
— correct preparation of the work pieces for welding;
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— knowledge concerning the characteristics of thermoplastics within the sub-groups;
— knowledge concerning the characteristics of solvents / cements within the relevant sub-group;
— preventing and correcting faults when making welds;
— knowledge concerning the types of imperfections for the applied welding process(es);
— knowledge concerning the WPS and welding record sheet;
— awareness of the consequences of misapplying welding parameters and/or procedures;
— knowledge concerning non-destructive examinations and destructive tests necessary for the
applied welding process(es);
— awareness of health and safety requirements for the above work.
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Table 1 — Sheets, pipes and fitting details of tests
Dimensions in millimetres
Group of Sub Type of product Welding process Weld Examination Test piece Range of qualification
d
material groups form and testing according
S = sheet P = pipe
b
Dimensions Type of joint
to Figure
Type of test
e = nominal wall thickness
n
a
d = nominal pipe outside
n
diameter
SDR = d /e
n n
1 PVC 1.1 S e = 5 Hot gas round nozzle V V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
Hot gas high speed
1.2 S e = 5 V V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
nozzle
1.3 S e = 5 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 e ≥ 3 ][
n n
d = 40 and
n
1.4 P d = 110 Solvent Welding I V/ Vls 4 d < 160 I
n n
SDR ≤ 21
d ≥ 160
n
1.5 P Solvent Welding I V/ Vls 4 d ≥ 160 I
n
SDR ≤ 21
2 PP Hot gas high speed
2.1 S e = 9 or 10 X V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
nozzle
2.2 S e = 9 or 10 Extrusion continuous V V/ B f+r 1 e ≥ 3 V,X,⊥
n n
2.3 S e = 9 or 10 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 e ≥ 3 ][
n n
d = 110 e ≥ 3
n n
2.4 P Heated tool ][ V/ B 2 ][
SDR ≤ 17,6 d ≤ 315
n
d ≥ 400
n
2.5 P Heated tool ][ V/ B s 2 d > 315 ][
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d = 63
n
c
2.6 P Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All d I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
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d = 63
n
2.7 P Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 All d I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
3 PE Hot gas
3.1 S e = 10 X V/ B f+r 1 All e V,X,⊥
n n
high speed nozzle
3.2 S e = 10 Extrusion continuous V V/ B f+r 1 e ≥ 3 V,X,⊥
n n
3.3 S en = 10 Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 en ≥ 3 ][
110 ≤ d ≤ 180
n
3.4 P Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d ≤ 315 ][
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≥ 400
n
3.5 P Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d > 315 ][
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
90 ≤ dn ≤ 125
3.6 P Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 d ≤ 315 I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≥ 355
n
3.7 P Electrofusion I V/ Pd 4 d > 315 I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≤ 63
n
on
3.8 P Electrofusion .†. V/ Pc 5 All d .†.
n
90 ≤ d ≤ 125
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d = 63
n
c
3.9 P Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All d I
n
SDR = 11
d = 32
n
3.10 P on d = 90 Heated tool .†. V/ Pc 5 All d .†.
n n
SDR = 11
4 PVDF e = 4 Hot gas high
n
4.1 S V V/ B f+r 1 e ≥ 2 V,X,⊥
n
speed nozzle
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e = 4
n
4.2 S Heated tool ][ V/ B 1 e ≥ 2 ][
n
d = 110
n
All d
n
4.3 P e = 5,3 Heated tool ][ V/ B 2 ][
n
e ≥ 1,9
n
d = 63
n
c
4.4 P e = 3 Heated tool I V/ Pc 4 All d I
n n
Hot gas high speed
5
5.1 S e = 2,3 V V/ T 3 e ≥ 1,6 V,X,⊥
n n
nozzle
ECTFE
or FEP
d = 110 All d
n n
5.2 P Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 ][
or PFA
e = 3 All e
n n
10 PA 110 ≤ d ≤ 180
n
10.1 P Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d ≤ 315 ][
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≥ 400
n
10.2 P Heated tool ][ V/ T 2 d > 315 ][
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
90 ≤ d ≤ 125
n
10.3 P Electrofusion I V/ Pc 4 d ≤ 315 I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≥ 355
n
10.4 P Electrofusion I V/ Pd 4 d > 315 I
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
d ≤ 63
n
on
10.5 P Electrofusion .†. V/ Pc 5 All d .†.
n
90 ≤ d ≤ 125
n
SDR ≤ 17,6
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a
” / ” = and; B = Bend test (f: face ; r: root ; s: side (for thick materials)) Pc = Peel test (crush test) ; V = Visual examination; Pd = Peel test (decohesion test);
T = Tensile test;
Vls = Visual examination of longitudinal sections
b
Type of joint
c
Welding by machine only
d
V = V preparation
X = double V preparation
⊥ = fillet weld
][ = butt weld
.†. = saddle
I = socket
Table 2 — Lining membranes details of tests
Dimensions in millimetres
Group of Sub Type of product Welding Weld form Examination and Test Range of qualification
material groups process testing piece
M = membrane
Dimensions Type of joint
a according
Type of test
e = nominal wall
n
to Figure
thickness
Hot gas
6.1 M 1 ≤ e ≤ 3 V/ Pt 6 1 ≤ e ≤ 4 All Lap
n n
manual
Hot gas by
b
6.2 M 1 ≤ e ≤ 3 V/ Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 4 All Lap
n n
machine
Heated wedge
b
6 PVC-P
6.3 M 1 ≤ e ≤ 3 V/ Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 4 All Lap
n n
by hot gas
6.4 M 1 ≤ e ≤ 3 Heated wedge V / Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 4 All Lap
n n
Hot gas
6.5 M 1 ≤ e ≤ 3 manual with V V/HV 9 0,5 ≤ e ≤ 4 V
n n
V-preparation
Hot gas
b
7 PE 7.1 M 2 ≤ e ≤ 2,5 V/ Pt 6 1 ≤ e ≤ 5 All Lap
n n
manual
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Hot gas by
b
7.2 M 2 ≤ e ≤ 2,5 V/ Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 5 All Lap
n n
machine
Heated wedge
b
7.3 M 2 ≤ e ≤ 2,5 V/ Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 5 All Lap
n n
by hot gas
7.4 M 2 ≤ e ≤ 2,5 Heated wedge V/ Pt 7 1 ≤ e ≤ 5 All Lap
n n
Extrusion
7.5 M 2 ≤ e ≤ 2,5 V/ Pt 8 1 ≤ e ≤ 5 All Lap
n n
manual
Hot gas
7.6 M 0,75 ≤ e ≤ 1 V/ Pt 6 0,3 ≤
...
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