SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
(Main)Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) (ISO 1716:2010)
Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) (ISO 1716:2010)
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross heat of combustion (QPCS) of products at constant volume in a bomb calorimeter. Annex A describes the calculation of the net heat of combustion (QPCI) when required. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Produkten - Bestimmung der Verbrennungswärme (ISO 1716:2010)
Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren fest, mit dem die Verbrennungswärme von Bauprodukten bei
konstantem Volumen in einer Kalorimeterbombe bestimmt wird.
Diese Internationale Norm beschreibt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Brutto-Verbrennungswärme
(PCS). Für den Fall, dass die Netto-Verbrennungswärme (PCI) ermittelt werden muss, enthält Anhang A ein
entsprechendes Rechenverfahren.
Anhang B enthält Angaben zur Genauigkeit des Prüfverfahrens.
Essais de réaction au feu de produits — Détermination du pouvoir calorifique supérieur (valeur calorifique) (ISO 1716:2010)
L'ISO 1716:2010 prescrit une méthode permettant de déterminer le pouvoir calorifique supérieur (QPCS) des produits de construction, à un volume constant à l'intérieur d'une bombe calorimétrique.
Preskusi odziva gradbenih proizvodov na ogenj - Ugotavljanje specifične toplote zgorevanja (ISO 1716:2010)
Ta mednarodni standard določa metodo ugotavljanja specifične toplote zgorevanja (QPCS) proizvodov pri stalnem volumnu v komori-kalorimetru. Dodatek A opisuje izračun neto toplote pri zgorevanju (QPCI), kadar je to potrebno. Informacije o natančnosti preskusne metode so podane v Dodatku B.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
01-december-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 1716:2002
3UHVNXVLRG]LYDJUDGEHQLKSURL]YRGRYQDRJHQM8JRWDYOMDQMHVSHFLILþQHWRSORWH
]JRUHYDQMD ,62
Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion
(calorific value) (ISO 1716:2010)
Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Produkten - Bestimmung der Verbrennungswärme
(ISO 1716:2010)
Essais de réaction au feu de produits — Détermination du pouvoir calorifique supérieur
(valeur calorifique) (ISO 1716:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 1716:2010
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 1716
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2010
ICS 13.220.50; 91.100.01 Supersedes EN ISO 1716:2002
English Version
Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross
heat of combustion (calorific value) (ISO 1716:2010)
Essais de réaction au feu de produits - Détermination du Prüfungen zum Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten -
pouvoir calorifique supérieur (valeur calorifique) (ISO Bestimmung der Verbrennungswärme (des Brennwerts)
1716:2010) (ISO 1716:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 1716:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
EN ISO 1716:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
EN ISO 1716:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 1716:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 "Fire safety" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings” the secretariat of which is held
by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 1716:2002.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 1716:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1716:2010 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1716
Third edition
2010-06-15
Reaction to fire tests for products —
Determination of the gross heat of
combustion (calorific value)
Essais de réaction au feu de produits — Détermination du pouvoir
calorifique supérieur (valeur calorifique)
Reference number
ISO 1716:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.3
5 Test apparatus .3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Calorimetric bomb, constructed with the following characteristics .3
5.3 Calorimeter.3
6 Reagents and materials .4
7 Test specimens.5
7.1 General .5
7.2 Sampling.5
7.3 Determination of surface density .6
7.4 Grinding.6
7.5 Type of specimen .6
7.6 Conditioning .6
7.7 Number of test specimens.6
7.8 Determination of mass.6
7.9 Crucible method .7
7.10 “Cigarette” method .7
8 Test procedure.8
8.1 General .8
8.2 Calibration procedure .8
8.3 Standard test procedure.8
9 Expression of results.9
9.1 Corrections for manual apparatus.9
9.2 Corrections for isothermal calorimeter (see Annex C).10
9.3 Calculation of the gross heat of combustion of the specimen.10
9.4 Calculation of the gross heat of combustion of the product.11
10 Test report.12
11 Validity of test results .13
Annex A (normative) Calculation of net heat of combustion.18
Annex B (informative) Precision of test method.19
Annex C (informative) Calculation by graph of the corrective term, c, necessary because of the
cooling of the calorimeter.22
Annex D (informative) Example of determination of the gross heat of combustion of a non-
homogeneous product.23
Bibliography.26
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1716 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation
and growth.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1716:2002), which has been technically
revised.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1716:2010(E)
Reaction to fire tests for products — Determination of the gross
heat of combustion (calorific value)
WARNING — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this test is drawn
to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and/or harmful
gases may be evolved during the test. Operational hazards may also arise during the testing of
specimens, such as the possibility of an explosion, and during the disposal of test residues.
WARNING — An assessment of all the potential hazards and risks to health should be made and
safety precautions should be identified and provided. Written safety instructions should be issued.
Appropriate training should be given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel should ensure that
they follow written instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross heat of combustion (Q ) of
PCS
products at constant volume in a bomb calorimeter.
Annex A describes the calculation of the net heat of combustion (Q ) when required.
PCI
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules for
selection of substrates
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943, and the following apply.
3.1
product
material, element or component about which information is required
3.2
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture of substances
EXAMPLE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral wool with a uniformly dispersed binder and polymers.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
3.3
homogeneous product
product consisting of a single material having uniform density and composition throughout the product
3.4
non-homogeneous product
product that does not satisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product and which is composed of more
than one component, substantial and/or non-substantial
3.5
substantial component
material that constitutes a significant part of a non-homogeneous product, and that has a mass/unit area
2
W 1,0 kg/m or a thickness W 1,0 mm
3.6
non-substantial component
material that does not constitute a significant part of a non-homogeneous product and that has a layer with a
2
mass/unit area < 1,0 kg/m and a thickness < 1,0 mm
3.7
internal non-substantial component
non-substantial component that is covered on both sides by at least one substantial component
3.8
external non-substantial component
non-substantial component that is not covered on one side by a substantial component
3.9
heat of combustion
calorific value (deprecated)
thermal energy produced by combustion of unit mass of a given substance
NOTE The heat of combustion is expressed in megajoules per kilogram.
[ISO 13943:2008]
3.10
gross heat of combustion
Q
PCS
heat of combustion of a substance when the combustion is complete and any produced water is entirely
condensed under specified conditions
NOTE The gross heat of combustion is expressed in megajoules per kilogram.
3.11
net heat of combustion
Q
PCI
heat of combustion of a substance when the combustion is complete and any produced water is in the vapour
state under specified conditions
NOTE 1 The net heat of combustion may be calculated from the gross heat of combustion.
NOTE 2 The net heat of combustion is expressed in megajoules per kilogram.
3.12
latent heat of vaporization of water
q
heat which is required to change water from a liquid to a gas
NOTE The latent heat of vaporization is expressed in megajoules per kilogram.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
3.13
surface density
mass per unit area
NOTE The surface density is expressed in kilograms per square metre.
4 Principle
In this test, a test specimen of specified mass is burned under standardized conditions, at constant volume, in
an atmosphere of oxygen, in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The heat
of combustion determined under these conditions is calculated on the basis of the observed temperature rise,
taking account of heat loss and the latent heat of vaporization of water.
This is a test method for determining an absolute value of the heat of combustion for a product and it does not
take into account any inherent variability of the product.
5 Test apparatus
5.1 General
The test apparatus (bomb calorimeter) shall be as illustrated in Figure 1, and as detailed in 5.2 to 5.5.
Additional equipment shall be in accordance with 5.6 to 5.11.
5.2 Calorimetric bomb, constructed with the following characteristics
The calorimetric bomb shall be constructed as follows:
a) volume: (300 ± 50) ml;
b) mass not greater than 3,25 kg;
c) casing thickness at least 1/10 of the inner diameter of the body.
The lid is intended to receive the crucible and the electric firing device. The lid, including any seals, shall be
capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 21 MPa.
NOTE These conditions define a bomb in which 1 g of coal under an initial oxygen pressure no greater than 3 MPa
(pressure gauge method) is able to withstand, with a sufficient coefficient of safety, the maximum amount of pressure
created under combustion, without a need for a calorimetric bomb of overlarge mass.
The inner surface of the bomb shall be resistant to attack by products of combustion and, even when “fuels”
rich in sulfur are used, it shall resist pitting and inter-crystalline corrosion by acids produced during combustion.
5.3 Calorimeter
5.3.1 Jacket, consisting of a double-walled container, which is thermally insulated together with an
insulated lid. The jacket is filled with water. The dimensions of the jacket shall be such that there is at least
10 mm space around the calorimetric vessel. The calorimetric vessel shall be supported on an as small as
possible area of non-conducting material, preferably a 3-point support.
For an adiabatic calorimeter system, a heater and thermometer system shall be incorporated into the vessel
such that the water temperature in the jacket is maintained at the same temperature as the water in the
calorimetric vessel.
For an isothermal calorimeter system, the temperature of the water in the jacket shall be kept constant. For an
isothermal calorimeter, the necessary corrections shall be made (see 9.2).
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
5.3.2 Calorimetric vessel, consisting of a polished metal container designed to accommodate the bomb.
The dimensions shall be such that the bomb can be immersed in water (see 8.3.7).
5.3.3 Stirrer, driven by a constant-speed motor. To prevent the transfer of heat to and from the calorimeter,
the driving shaft of the stirrer shall have a thermally insulated section in a gasket between the jacket lid and
the jacket. A magnetic stirring device with a similar performance is an acceptable alternative.
5.4 Temperature measuring device, capable of giving a resolution of 0,005 K.
When using a mercury thermometer, this shall have at least 0,01 K graduations with a device, e.g. a lens, for
taking readings to within 0,005 K. A mechanical vibrator shall also be used to gently tap the thermometer to
ensure that the mercury column does not stick.
5.5 Crucible, made of metal, such as platinum, nickel, stainless steel or silica, with a flat base, 25 mm in
diameter (maximum dimension if it is truncated) and 14 mm to 19 mm high.
NOTE 1 The following wall thickness is recommended:
⎯ metal: 1,0 mm;
⎯ silica: 1,5 mm.
NOTE 2 Several shapes of crucible have proved satisfactory.
5.6 Timing device, capable of recording the time elapsed to the nearest second and accurate to within 1 s
in 1 h.
5.7 Electric power source, with the voltage to the firing circuit not exceeding 20 V for the firing. An
ammeter shall be added to the circuit to indicate the breaking of the firing wire. A circuit breaker is a useful
addition to the supply circuit.
5.8 Pressure gauge and needle-valve, attached to the oxygen-supply circuit to show the pressure in the
bomb while it is being filled; this pressure shall be indicated with a resolution of 0,1 MPa.
5.9 Two balances, with the following characteristics:
⎯ one is an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0,1 mg;
⎯ the other is a balance with an accuracy of 0,1 g.
5.10 Device for making the “cigarette”, as shown in Figure 2.
The procedure for making the “cigarette” is as shown in Figure 2 and comprises a mould and a metallic
mandrel (not aluminium).
5.11 Device for making the pellet.
If prefabricated pellets are not available, a suitable device for making the pellet shall be used.
6 Reagents and materials
6.1 Distilled or demineralized water.
6.2 Pressurized oxygen, free from any other combustible product (purity W 99,5 %).
WARNING — Oxygen prepared by electrolysis can contain a small percentage of hydrogen, which
makes it unsuitable for this use.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
6.3 Powder or pellet of benzoic acid, “reference standard for calorimetry”, whose gross heat of
combustion is guaranteed.
6.4 Combustion aid, with a known heat of combustion, e.g. paraffin oil.
6.5 Cigarette-making paper, which is preglued and of minimum dimensions 55 mm × 50 mm with a known
heat of combustion.
NOTE A commercially available cigarette-making paper of 55 mm × 100 mm has been found suitable when cut into
two equal pieces.
6.6 Firing wire made of pure iron, 0,1 mm in diameter, e.g. piano wire. Other types of metal wire (e.g.
platinum, nickel or chromium) may be used, provided that they break under their own tension when the switch
is closed on the firing circuit and the exact heat of combustion for the wire is known. When using a metal
crucible (5.5), there shall be no contact between the firing wire and the crucible. It is therefore advisable to
wrap the metal wire with a cotton thread.
6.7 Thread, made of white cellulosic cotton (see 6.6).
7 Test specimens
7.1 General
In order to assess a product, each of its components shall be evaluated, taking into account the rules for
non-substantial components. If a non-homogeneous product cannot be delaminated, its components shall be
provided separately. A product can be delaminated when it is possible to separate one component from
another without any part of the other component adhering to the component to be evaluated.
If two or more non-substantial layers are adjacent to each other, and when added together they comply with
the definition for a substantial component, then each individual layer shall be tested separately and they shall
be assessed together as substantial. The total calorific value of the adjacent layers, which are considered
substantial, shall be calculated by adding together the relative percentage of the measured calorific value for
each component (see Annex D).
If two or more non-substantial layers are adjacent to each other, and when added together they comply with
the definition for a non-substantial component, then each individual layer shall be tested separately and they
shall be assessed together as non-substantial. (see Annex D)
WARNING — Any aluminium or other metallic component of a product shall not be tested in the bomb
calorimeter, with the risk of serious injury to the operator due to overheating and/or overpressure
causing the bomb calorimeter to explode.
7.2 Sampling
7.2.1 General
From a representative amount of a homogeneous product, or a component of a non-homogeneous product,
compose a sample from at least five randomly selected parts taken from across the thickness. A minimum
mass of 50 g shall be taken from a homogeneous product and a substantial component of a
non-homogeneous product. A minimum mass of 10 g shall be taken for a non-substantial component of a
non-homogeneous product.
7.2.2 Loose-fill material
A sample shall be taken at random from the product of a minimum mass of 50 g.
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SIST EN ISO 1716:2010
ISO 1716:2010(E)
7.2.3 Liquid-applied products
A sample of a minimum mass of 10 g of dried material shall be prepared.
The material shall be cured or dried in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Care should be taken
when drying liquid-applied components due to the potential presence of solvents. The method of curing shall
be described in the test report
7.3 Determination of surface density
Where required, the surface density of each component of a product shall be determined to an accuracy of
±0,5 % from a minimum area of 250 mm × 250 mm.
For liquid-applied products, the dried mass shall be determined.
7.4 Grinding
The samples defined in 7.2 shall be reduced gradually to provide the final test sample. Grinding shall be
carried out in such a way that no thermal decomposition takes place. Grind the sample and reduce it with a
method of cross-reduction, grinding to a finer powder as reduction proceeds.
If the sample cannot be ground, reduce it by any appropriate method into small granules or pieces and treat
the specimens obtained as a powder.
In the case of homogeneous material which, when ground, clearly separates into components of different
density, so that a 0,5 g sample of the product, when taken from the ground powder, is not representative of
the original product with respect to the proportion of the materials present, reduce the sample by any
appropriate method, e.g. by sawing the sample into thin discs or by cutting it with a knife into small pieces. If
this preparation is not possible, testing shall be conducted on the individual ingredients used in the
manufacture of that product. The individual PCS values for these ingredients shall be used together with the
proportion by mass of the ingredients in the final product to calculate the overall PCS value for the product.
7.5 Type of specimen
If a fine powder can be obtained by grinding (see 7.4), the test specimen shall be prepared using the crucible
method (see 7.9). If a fine powder cannot be obtained by grinding and/or a complete combustion cannot be
obtained when using the crucible method, the test shall be conducted by using either the “cigarette” method
(see 7.10) or the crucible method utilizing a combustion aid, e.g. paraffin oil.
7.6 Conditioning
The powdered specimen, the benzoic acid and the cigarette-making paper shall be conditioned before testing
in accordance with EN 13238 or ISO 554.
7.7 Number of test specimens
Three test specimens shall be tested following the procedure in 8.3. Two additional test specimens shall be
tested if the requirements for validity of test results
...
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