oSIST prEN 442-2:2011
(Main)Radiators and convectors - Part 2: Test methods and rating
Radiators and convectors - Part 2: Test methods and rating
This European Standard defines procedures for determining the standard thermal outputs of heating
appliances fed with water or steam at temperatures below 120 °C, supplied by a remote heat source.
This European Standard specifies the laboratory arrangements and testing methods to be adopted, the
admissible tolerances, the criteria for selecting the samples to be tested and for verifying the conformity of the
current production with the samples tested at the initial test.
This European Standard also defines the additional common data that the manufacturer shall provide to the
trade in order to ensure the correct application of the products.
This European Standard does not apply to independent heating appliances.
Heizkörper und Konvektoren - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und Leistungsangabe
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Norm-Wärmeleistungen von Heizkörpern und Konvektoren zum Betrieb mit Wasser oder Dampf unter 120 °C aus einer getrennten Wärmequelle fest.
Diese Europäische Norm bestimmt die von den Prüflaboratorien zu treffenden Vorkehrungen und die anzuwendenden Prüfverfahren. Die zulässigen Abweichungen, die Kriterien für die Auswahl der Prüflinge und den Nachweis der Übereinstimmung der Werte aus der laufenden Fertigung mit den Ergebnissen des Prüflings aus der Erstprüfung.
Diese Europäische Norm legt auch zusätzliche, einheitliche Angaben fest, die der Hersteller dem Markt zur Verfügung stellen muss, um die richtige Verwendung der Produkte sicherzustellen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für selbständige Heizgeräte.
Radiateurs et convecteurs - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et d'évaluation
La présente Norme européenne définit les procédures de détermination des puissances thermiques
nominales des appareils de chauffage alimentés avec de l'eau ou de la vapeur à des températures inférieures
à 120 °C, fournie par une source de chaleur extérieure.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les dispositifs de laboratoire et les méthodes d'essai à adopter, les
tolérances admissibles, ainsi que les critères pour la sélection des échantillons à soumettre à essai et pour la
vérification de la conformité de la production courante avec les échantillons initialement soumis à essai.
La présente Norme européenne définit également les données additionnelles usuelles que le fabricant doit
stipuler dans sa documentation commerciale afin d'assurer une utilisation correcte des produits.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux dispositifs de chauffage indépendants.
Ogrevala in konvektorji - 2. del: Preskusne metode in vrednotenje rezultatov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 442-2:2011
01-februar-2011
Ogrevala in konvektorji - 2. del: Preskusne metode in vrednotenje rezultatov
Radiators and convectors - Part 2: Test methods and rating
Heizkörper und Konvektoren - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und Leistungsangabe
Radiateurs et convecteurs - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et d'évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 442-2
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
oSIST prEN 442-2:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 442-2:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 442-2 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2010
ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 442-2:1996
English Version
Radiators and convectors - Part 2: Test methods and rating
Radiateurs et convecteurs - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai et Heizkörper und Konvektoren - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren und
d'évaluation Leistungsangabe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 130.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 442-2 rev:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Definitions . 6
4 Symbols and units of measurement . 8
5 Selection of heating appliances to be tested . 10
5.1 Classification . 10
5.2 Selection of models to be tested for determining the thermal outputs of a type . 10
5.3 Testing samples submission and identification . 12
5.4 Supplementary test . 16
6 Laboratory arrangements and test methods . 16
6.1 Principle . 16
6.2 Apparatus . 16
6.2.1 Test system . 16
6.2.2 Reference test installation . 16
6.2.3 Master radiators . 18
6.2.4 Verification of test installation repeatability and reproducibility . 23
6.2.5 Accuracy of measuring instruments and devices . 28
6.2.6 Calibration of measuring instruments . 28
6.3 Preparation for thermal output test. 28
6.4 Test methods . 29
6.4.1 General . 29
6.4.2 Weighing method . 29
6.4.3 Electric method . 29
6.4.4 Measurements and calculations . 29
6.4.5 Determination of the characteristic equation . 32
6.5 Presentation of results . 32
6.5.1 Standard thermal output of a model . 32
6.5.2 Determination of the catalogue outputs of a type made at variable water flow rate. . 33
7 Test report . 33
Annex A (normative) Master radiators dimensional verification . 35
Annex B (informative) Determination of pressure drop . 40
B.1 Pressure drop equation of a type . 40
B.1.1 Pressure drop characteristic equation of a model . 41
B.2 Test method . 41
B.2.1 Test circuit . 41
B.2.2 Pressure tappings . 41
B.3 Test procedure . 41
B.3.1 Setting up . 41
B.4 Measurements of differential pressures using an inverted U tube manometer . 41
B.4.1 Techniques of measurement . 42
B.4.2 Surface tension effect . 42
B.4.3 Leakage . 42
B.4.4 Air pockets in connecting piping . 42
B.4.5 Blocked pressure holes . 42
B.4.6 Level of inlet and outlet connections. 42
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B.4.7 Damping (throttling) of excessive movement (oscillation) of inverted U tube manometer
liquid . 42
Annex C (normative) Least squares regression for a model . 46
Annex D (normative) Analysis of test results by the method of least squares multiple regression . 47
Annex E (normative) Specimen of the test report . 49
Annex F (informative) Apparatus and method for checking the bulk temperature measuring
devices . 52
Annex G (informative) Examples of typical appliances according to table 4 . 54
Annex H (normative) Determination of the ΦM values of the master radiators primary set . 64
Annex J (normative) Traceability of the thermal output measurement of radiators and convectors . 65
J.1 Scope . 65
J.2 Thermal output traceability . 65
J.2.1 Reference test installations . 65
J.2.2 Approved test installations . 66
J.3 Handling of the Master radiator sets . 66
Annex K (normative) Calibration Procedure . 67
K.1 RRT Organizational course. . 67
K.2 Test procedure and submission of results . 67
K.3 Test analysis and assessment . 68
Annex L (normative) Pretreatment and paint testing method . 70
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Foreword
This document (prEN 442-2:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 130 “Space heating
appliances without integral heat sources”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 442-2:1996, EN 442-2:1996/A1:2000, EN 442-2:1996/A2:2003.
This European Standard comes from an output of the project SMT4 - CT97 - 2127 funded by the European
Commission DGXII-RDT.
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Introduction
This European Standard results from the recognition that the heating appliances falling into the field of
application hereinafter stated are traded on the basis of their thermal output.
To evaluate and compare different appliances it is therefore necessary to refer to a single stipulated value,
hereinafter called the standard thermal outputs.
The standard thermal outputs are defined value taken from the characteristic equation.
The pre-requisites of the standard thermal outputs, as defined by this European Standard, are the following:
to be representative of the actual output of the appliance in different operating conditions;
to be reproducible within the tolerances defined by this European Standard, taking into account the state
of measuring techniques;
to be representative of the thermal output, obtainable under the same test conditions, of any identical
sample taken out of the current production (within the tolerances defined by this European Standard taking
into account the state of measuring techniques and methods of manufacture).
This European Standard for radiators and convectors consists of the following Parts:
Part 1: Technical specifications and requirements
Part 2: Test methods and rating
Part 3: Evaluation of conformity
1 Scope
This European Standard defines procedures for determining the standard thermal outputs of heating
appliances fed with water or steam at temperatures below 120 °C, supplied by a remote heat source.
This European Standard specifies the laboratory arrangements and testing methods to be adopted, the
admissible tolerances, the criteria for selecting the samples to be tested and for verifying the conformity of the
current production with the samples tested at the initial test.
This European Standard also defines the additional common data that the manufacturer shall provide to the
trade in order to ensure the correct application of the products.
This European Standard does not apply to independent heating appliances.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
EN 442-1 Radiators and convectors - Part 1: Technical specifications and requirements
EN 10088-1 Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 17025 General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories
ISO 31-4 Quantities and units - Part 4: Heat
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods -Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard
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test method by inter-laboratory tests
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 heating appliance
A device having the purpose of transferring heat in order to provide specific temperature conditions inside
buildings.
3.2 independent heating appliance
A self-contained heating appliance which does not need to be connected to a remote heat source (e.g. a
boiler) as it contains its own heat source (e.g. gas fired appliances, electric appliances, heat pump
appliances).
3.3 radiator
A heating appliance which emits heat by free convection and radiation. Radiators can be produced with
different materials (e.g. steel, aluminium, cast-iron) and with different designs (e.g. plate type, column type,
tube type).
3.4 sectional heating appliances (mainly applied to radiators)
A heating appliance manufactured in sections of identical design and traded in this form which can be joined
together into modular assemblies so that the desired output can be obtained.
3.5 free convection heating appliance
A heating appliance which does not contain a fan or similar device to activate the air flow over heat emitter
(see 3.6 and 3.7).
3.6 forced convection heating appliance
A heating appliance which requires the action of a fan or similar device to blow or draw air over the heat
emitter.
3.7 convector
A heating appliance which emits heat almost entirely by free convection. A convector comprising at least a
heat emitter and a casing which provides an unheated convective chimney of defined height.
3.8 fan-assisted radiator or convector
A radiator or a convector equipped with a fan to increase the convective heat emission, characterized by two
thermal outputs, one with the fan off and the other with the fan in operation.
3.9 height of the unheated convective chimney
The vertical distance between the lowest edge of the convector and the bottom of the air outlet section.
It applies to convectors only, being a main factor influencing their thermal output.
3.10 wet heating surface; primary heating surface
The portion of the heat emitting surface which is always in contact with the primary fluid (water or steam).
3.11 dry heating surface; secondary heating surface
The portion of the heat emitting surface which is in contact with air only (e.g. fins projecting from the wet
surface).
3.12 family of heating appliances
A group of heating appliances of similar design and construction and of identical material, positions of primary
fluid connections and other related variables that particularly affect the conditions of flow of the primary fluid
within the heating appliance.
3.13 type of heating appliances
A group of at least three heating appliances of similar design whose cross-section remains unchanged while
the height or length varies or which have a systematic variation of only one characteristic dimension of the dry
heating surfaces providing that this does not affect the water side (e.g. the height of convector fins on panel
radiator).
3.14 model
Heating appliance of defined height, length and depth within a type.
3.15 range of heights
Difference between the maximum and minimum height of the models in a type.
3.16 module of heating appliances
The reference length of the useful portion of a heating appliance. In the case of sectional heating appliances
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the module coincides with the section.
In the case of non-sectional heating appliances a length of 1 m is assumed as the module. In the case of
convectors, a length of 1 m of the heat emitter (not the casing) is assumed as the module.
The thermal output of any model can be obtained by multiplying the thermal output of the module by the
number of sections or the length of the heating appliance in metres, as appropriate.
3.17 sample
A heating appliance whose thermal output shall be determined or has been determined; its dimensions
shall not deviate from the data indicated in the production drawings by more than the dimensional tolerances
specified in this European Standard
3.18 inlet water temperature
The bulk temperature of the water entering the heating appliance.
3.19 outlet water temperature
The bulk temperature of the water leaving the heating appliance.
3.20 temperature drop
The difference between inlet and outlet water temperature.
3.21 mean water temperature
The arithmetical mean of inlet and outlet water temperature.
3.22 reference air temperature
The air temperature measured on the vertical line at the centre of the test booth, 0,75 m above the floor level.
3.23 excess temperature
Difference between mean water temperature and reference air temperature.
3.24 standard excess temperature
The excess temperature of 50 K as determined in the standard conditions (inlet water temperature of 75 °C,
outlet water temperature of 65 °C and reference air temperature of 20 °C).
3.25 standard excess low temperature
The excess temperature of 30 K at standard flow rate .
3.26 air pressure
The air pressure measured at the test place.
3.27 standard air pressure
It is defined as 101,325 kPa (1,01325 bar).
3.28 water flow rate
The amount of water flowing through the heating appliance per unit of time.
3.29 standard water flow rate
The water flow rate relating to standard test conditions.
3.30 standard rated thermal output
The thermal output of a heating appliance defined at 50 K excess temperature
3.31 standard low temperature thermal output
The thermal output of a heating appliance defined at 30 K excess temperature.
3.32 characteristic equation
The equation that gives the thermal output as a function of the excess temperature at constant water flow rate.
The characteristic equation is a power function with a specific characteristic exponent.
3.33 standard characteristic equation
The characteristic equation which is valid for standard water flow rate and from which the standard thermal
output can be found for the standard excess temperature of 50 K.
3.34 regression equation of a type
The equation which gives the standard thermal outputs and the characteristic exponent of all the models
within a type as a function of one characteristic dimension. The regression equation for the determination of
thermal outputs is a power function, in which the characteristic exponent is a linear function of the
characteristic dimension.
3.35 standard thermal output of the module
The standard thermal output of a model divided either by the number of sections or by the length in metres.
3.36 test pressure
Pressure to which the heating appliance is submitted during the manufacturing process (i.e. factory test
pressure).
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3.37 maximum operating pressure
The maximum system pressure to which the heating appliance may be submitted as stated by manufacturer.
3.38 maximum operating temperature
The maximum inlet water temperature allowed by the manufacturer.
3.30 test installation
The combination of:
test booth and other related parts;
measuring instruments and related equipment.
3.40 test system
The combination of:
test installation;
master radiators.
3.41 test systems circuit
A group of test systems convened to comply with the specifications and procedures of this European Standard
and to a periodical comparison of test results.
3.42 repeatability of a test installation
Capability of one test installation to provide test results on one given master radiator within the tolerance
specified by this European Standard (see 6.2.4).
3.43 reproducibility of a test installation
Capability of different test installations to provide test results on one given set of master radiators within the
tolerance specified by this European Standard (see 6.2.4).
3.44 pressure drop
The difference of pressure between water inlet and water outlet of the heating appliance.
3.45 standard pressure drop
The drop in pressure between inlet and outlet of the appliance heat emitter on the primary fluid side, when the
appliance is fed at the standard water flow rate.
3.46 supplementary test
A test for the purpose of establishing the effect of minor technical modifications on the thermal output of
radiators that have already been tested.
(not mentioned in the text of the standard)
4 Symbols and units of measurement
Table 1 — Symbols, quantity and units of measurement
Quantity Symbol Unit
Thermal output Φ
W
Standard thermal output Φ
S
W
Modular thermal output Φ
L
W
Reference value of a master radiator Φ
0
W
Reference value of a primary set of master radiators for interlaboratory
Φ
M
comparisons
W
Electrical method heat losses Φ
V
W
Electric power
P W
el
Thermodynamic temperature
T K
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Temperature
t °C
Inlet water temperature
t °C
1
Outlet water temperature
t °C
2
Temperature drop
t -t K
1 2
Mean water temperature
t °C
m
Reference room air temperature
t °C
r
Excess temperature
∆T K
Specific heat capacity
c J/kg K
p
Specific enthalpy
h J/kg
Inlet water enthalpy
h J/kg
1
Outlet water enthalpy
h J/kg
2
Water flow rate
q kg/s
m
Standard water flow rate
q kg/s
ms
Pressure
p kPa
Maximum operating pressure
p kPa
max
Pressure drop
∆p kPa
Repeatability tolerance
S ──
0
Reproducibility tolerance
S ──
m
Overall height of the heating appliance
H m
Range of heights
H m
r
Overall length of the heating appliance
L m
Length of a section
L m
S
Number of sections
N ──
S
Thermal resistance
2
R m K/W
Time interval
τ s
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5 Selection of heating appliances to be tested
5.1 Classification
5.1.1 Heating appliances shall be grouped into families and types according to the definition in this European
Standard. A family can include different types.
5.1.2 For the purposes of determining catalogue outputs, a family shall be divided into a number of separate
types (in a family of radiators there may, for example, be single or double panels, with or without convector
surfaces, using the same basic components).
5.1.3 The output of each model shall not be greater than 3500 W and the minimum thermal output of the
selected model shall be not less than 200 W at standard rated excess temperature.
On request of the manufacturer lower thermal output could be tested and the deviation from the previous
requirements shall be registered in the test report.
5.2 Selection of models to be tested for determining the thermal outputs of a type
5.2.1 Selection of models to be tested when the variable characteristic dimension is the overall height and the
cross-section of the variable part is constant.
5.2.1.1 When a type includes only models of height 300 mm and greater, the models to be tested within that
type shall be selected in accordance with 5.2.1.2 to 5.2.1.5.
If the type also includes heights below 300 mm the minimum height below 300 mm shall be tested in addition
to the above models to be selected in accordance with 5.2.1.2 to 5.2.1.5.
For a type in which all heights are below 300 mm, only the minimum and the maximum height shall be tested.
5.2.1.2 The minimum number of models to be tested within a type is determined by the range of heights as
shown in table 2.
Table 2 — Minimum number of models to be tested
Range of heights ( m ) Number of models
H = H - H to be tested
r max min
≤ 1 m 3
> 1 m 4
5.2.1.3 The minimum length of the models to be tested shall be 1 m or the closest to 1 m. In the case of
sectional radiators, having height H < 1 m, the minimum number of sections shall be 10 or the minimum
length 0,8 m. For sectional radiator having height greater than 1 m the minimum length shall be 0,45 m.
5.2.1.4 In the case of H ≤ 1 m, the models to be tested shall be three; the minimum and maximum height of
r
the range and an intermediate height so that H is equal, to or the closest value greater than:
int
1
H = H - ×H
int
max 2 r
where H is the maximum height of the type.
max
5.2.1.5 In the case of 1 m < H ≤ 2,5 m, the models to be tested shall be four; the minimum and maximum
r
height of the range and two intermediate heights so that H and H are the closest values respectively to:
int1 int2
1
H = H - ×H
int1
max 3 r
2
And H = H - ×H
int 2
max 3 r
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5.2.2 Selection of models to be tested when the variable characteristic dimension for the type is other than
the overall height.
The minimum number of models to be tested is three, having the same overall height and respectively, the
minimum, intermediate and maximum value of the relevant characteristic dimension (see 5.2.1.4).
The measured values shall be used to determine the characteristic equation of the type.
For the equation to be valid, all the measured thermal outputs shall fall within ±2 % of the prediction of the
equation.
If any value falls outside this range, the type shall be divided and new equations derived for each subset of the
results.
5.2.2.1 Selection of models to be tested when a type includes horizontal parallel flow models.
This procedure applies to tubular radiator classified as “ towel or bathroom radiators", according to figure G.3
If a type includes horizontal, parallel flow models with different heights and lengths, output of models having
L and L respectively shall be tested. If there are more than 3 hei
...
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