SIST EN ISO 22477-5:2018

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 5: Testing of grouted anchors (ISO 22477-5:2018)

This document establishes specifications for the execution of tension tests to be carried out on an anchor grouted in the ground, as defined in EN 1997-1 and EN 1537. Three methods of testing are recognized by this document. Test Method 1 involves cyclic tension loading with measurement of displacement at the load stages; Test Method 2 involves cyclic tension loading with measurement of load loss at the load stages; and Test Method 3 involves step-loading with measurement of displacement under successive maintained tension loads.
This document provides specifications for the experimental devices, the measurement apparatus, the test procedures, the definition and presentation of the test results and the content of records.
NOTE       This document does not provide specification for the size of the proof load and the limiting criteria. These aspects reside in EN 1997-1 or its national annex for CEN countries and in similar national application documents for this test standard for ISO countries.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 5: Prüfung von Verpressankern (ISO 22477-5:2018)

Dieses Dokument gilt für die nach EN 1997-1 und EN 1537 durchzuführenden Prüfungen. In diesem Dokument werden drei Prüfverfahren beschrieben. Beim Prüfverfahren 1 wird die Last in mehreren Zyklen stufenweise erhöht und die Verschiebung bei konstant gehaltener Last gemessen. Beim Prüfverfahren 2 wird die Last in mehreren Zyklen aufgebracht und auf den Laststufen der Kraftabfall gemessen. Beim Prüfverfahren 3 wird die Last schrittweise erhöht und die Verschiebung bei konstant gehaltener Last gemessen.
Dieses Dokument enthält Festlegungen zur Versuchseinrichtung, zu den Messeinrichtungen, dem Versuchsablauf, der Darstellung der Ergebnisse und dem Umfang der Aufzeichnungen.
ANMERKUNG   Dieses Dokument enthält keine Angaben zur Größe der Prüfkraft und den Grenzkriterien. Diese sind für CEN-Länder in EN 1997 1 oder dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang und für ISO-Länder in vergleichbaren nationalen Anwendungsdokumenten zu dieser Prüfnorm angegeben.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des structures géotechniques - Partie 5: Essais de tirants d'ancrage (ISO 22477-5:2018)

La présente norme établit les spécifications relatives à l'exécution des essais de chargement devant être réalisés sur un tirant d'ancrage, tels que définis dans l'EN 1997‑1et l'EN 1537. La présente norme introduit trois méthodes d'essai. La méthode d'essai 1 implique un chargement cyclique et une mesure du déplacement pour chaque palier de chargement. La méthode d'essai 2 implique un chargement cyclique et une mesure de la perte de tension lors des différentes phases de traction et la méthode d'essai 3 implique un chargement par paliers progressifs et une mesure du déplacement à ces différents paliers.
La norme fournit des dispositions concernant les dispositifs expérimentaux, l'appareillage de mesure, les procédures d'essai, la définition et la présentation des résultats d'essai et le contenu des enregistrements.
NOTE       La norme ne fournit aucune disposition concernant les valeurs de la charge d'épreuve et les valeurs limites. Ces éléments sont spécifiés dans l'EN 1997‑1 ou son Annexe nationale dans le cas des pays membres du CEN et dans des documents d'application nationale similaires relatifs à la présente norme d'essai dans le cas des pays membres de l'ISO.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Preskušanje geotehničnih konstrukcij - 5. del: Preskušanje injektiranih sider (ISO 22477-5:2018)

Ta standard določa specifikacije za izvajanje nateznih preskusov za sidra, injektirana v tla, kot je določeno v standardih EN 1997-1 in EN 1537. Ta standard priznava tri metode preskušanja. 1. metoda zajema ciklično natezno obremenitev z meritvami premikov v stopnjah obremenitve. 2. metoda zajema ciklično natezno obremenitev z meritvami izgube obremenitve po blokadi pri vršni obremenitvi, 3. metoda pa zajema stopenjsko obremenitev z meritvami premikov po zaporedno vzdrževanih nateznih obremenitvah.  Standard podaja specifikacije za tri vrste nateznih preskusov, kot je opredeljeno v standardih EN 1997-1 in EN 1537: preiskovalni preskusi, preskusi primernosti in preskusi sprejemljivosti.  Standard zagotavlja specifikacije za preskusne naprave, merilne aparate, preskusne postopke, opredelitev ter predstavitev preskusnih rezultatov in vsebine zapisov.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 14-Dec-2016
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2018
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON.007 - Geotechnics
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Oct-2018
• Due Date: 15-Dec-2018
• Completion Date: 13-Nov-2018
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22477-5:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 5: Testing of grouted anchors (ISO 22477-5:2018)

Overview

EN ISO 22477-5:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing: Testing of grouted anchors defines standardized procedures for performing tension tests on anchors grouted in the ground. The document sets out requirements for test equipment, measurement apparatus, test execution, result presentation and record content for verification of anchor performance. It is aligned with EN 1997-1 and EN 1537 but does not prescribe proof-load magnitudes or acceptance criteria (these are covered in EN 1997-1 or national application documents).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Three recognized test methods
  • Test Method 1: Cyclic tension loading with measurement of displacement at defined load stages.
  • Test Method 2: Cyclic tension loading with measurement of load loss at defined load stages.
  • Test Method 3: Step-loading with measurement of displacement under successive maintained tension levels.
• Equipment and setup
  • Specifications for reaction systems, loading devices, and test loading set‑ups.
  • Requirements for load measurement (load cells, calibration) and displacement measurement (mechanical/optical devices).
  • Time and temperature recording where relevant.
• Test types
  • Investigation tests, suitability tests and acceptance tests - each with tailored loading procedures and reporting requirements.
• Execution details
  • Test location, preparation, test-anchor handling, time between installation and testing, proof load and datum load procedures.
  • Guidance on group testing and alternating load testing.
• Reporting and data
  • Defined presentation of test results, required measurements, checks and the content of test records.

Practical applications

• Quality control and acceptance of grouted anchors used in foundations, retaining structures, slope stabilisation, tunnelling and temporary works.
• Design verification for geotechnical engineers to confirm bond and structural behaviour of anchors in-situ.
• Contractor and site testing to demonstrate compliance with contract or national requirements.
• Research and development for anchor system performance, durability and load-displacement behaviour.

Who should use this standard

• Geotechnical and structural engineers specifying or verifying anchors
• Site testing teams and geotechnical contractors performing load tests
• Testing laboratories and certification bodies
• Project managers and clients needing standardized acceptance procedures

Related standards

• EN 1997-1 (Eurocode 7) - geotechnical design requirements and acceptance criteria
• EN 1537 - anchors for use in geotechnical engineering (referenced for definitions and context)

Keywords: EN ISO 22477-5:2018, grouted anchors, anchor testing, geotechnical testing, tension tests, displacement measurement, load loss, step-loading, EN 1997-1.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2018
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH3UHVNXãDQMHJHRWHKQLþQLKNRQVWUXNFLM
GHO3UHVNXãDQMHLQMHNWLUDQLKVLGHU,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of geotechnical structures - Part 5:
Testing of grouted anchors (ISO 22477-5:2018)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung von geotechnischen Bauwerken
und Bauwerksteilen - Teil 5: Prüfung von Verpressankern (ISO 22477-5:2018)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des structures géotechniques - Partie
5: Essais de tirants d'ancrage (ISO 22477-5:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22477-5:2018
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 22477-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Testing of
geotechnical structures - Part 5: Testing of grouted
anchors (ISO 22477-5:2018)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais des Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Prüfung
structures géotechniques - Partie 5: Essais de tirants von geotechnischen Bauwerken und Bauwerksteilen -
d'ancrage (ISO 22477-5:2018) Teil 5: Prüfung von Verpressankern (ISO 22477-
5:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 August 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22477-5:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22477-5:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182
"Geotechnics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and
Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22477-5:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22477-5:2018 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22477-5
First edition
2018-08
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Testing of geotechnical
structures —
Part 5:
Testing of grouted anchors
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais des structures
géotechniques —
Partie 5: Essais de tirants d'ancrage
Reference number
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
4 Equipment . 4
4.1 Test loading set-up. 4
4.2 Reaction system . 7
4.3 Loading device. 7
4.4 Load measurement . 8
4.5 Displacement measurement. 8
4.6 Time and temperature measurement . 8
5 Test types . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Investigation test . 8
5.3 Suitability test . 9
5.4 Acceptance test . 9
6 Execution . 9
6.1 Test location . 9
6.2 Test anchors. 9
6.3 Time period between installation and test . 9
6.4 Test preparation .10
6.5 Proof load .10
6.6 Datum load .10
6.7 Group testing .10
6.8 Alternating load testing .10
7 Test report .11
7.1 Investigation and suitability tests .11
7.2 Acceptance test .12
8 Test Method 1 .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Investigation test .13
8.2.1 General.13
8.2.2 Loading procedure .13
8.2.3 Measurements and checks .14
8.2.4 Test results .15
8.3 Suitability test .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Loading procedure .15
8.3.3 Measurements and checks .16
8.3.4 Test results .17
8.4 Acceptance test .20
8.4.1 General.20
8.4.2 Loading procedure .20
8.4.3 Measurements and checks .21
8.4.4 Test results .21
9 Test Method 2 .22
9.1 General .22
9.2 Investigation test .22
9.2.1 General.22
9.2.2 Loading procedure .22
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
9.2.3 Measurements and checks .22
9.2.4 Test results .23
9.3 Suitability test .23
9.3.1 General.23
9.3.2 Loading procedure .24
9.3.3 Measurements and checks .25
9.3.4 Test results .25
9.4 Acceptance test .25
9.4.1 General.25
9.4.2 Loading procedure .26
9.4.3 Measurements and checks .27
9.4.4 Test results .27
10 Test Method 3 .28
10.1 General .28
10.2 Investigation test .28
10.2.1 General.28
10.2.2 Loading procedure .28
10.2.3 Measurements and checks .29
10.2.4 Test results .30
10.3 Suitability test .30
10.3.1 General.30
10.3.2 Loading procedure .30
10.3.3 Measurements and checks .31
10.3.4 Test results .32
10.4 Acceptance test .32
10.4.1 General.32
10.4.2 Loading procedure .32
10.4.3 Measurements and checks .33
10.4.4 Test results .33
Annex A (informative) Determination of the creep rate α .35
Annex B (informative) Determination of the load loss k .36
l
Annex C (informative) Determination of the critical creep load P .37
c
Annex D (informative) Evaluation of the apparent tendon free length L .38
app
Annex E (informative) Yield stress and tensile strength for typical anchor steels .40
Bibliography .41
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 22477 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Introduction
This document, together with EN 1997-1 and EN 1537, form the trinity in which:
— EN 1997-1 defines the design requirements for grouted anchors, including the limits of proof load
and limiting criteria by testing of grouted anchors, which may be specified in the national annex (for
EN 1997-1) or a similar national application document for ISO countries;
— EN 1537 defines the execution of grouted anchors;
— this document defines the testing of grouted anchors.
The document has been structured so that common items are given in Clauses 1 to 7. The different test
specific loading procedures, measurements, checks and presentation of test results for the three test
methods (Test Method 1, 2 and 3) have been placed in three separate clauses. The determination of
the fundamental characteristics: creep rate, load loss, critical creep load and the apparent tendon free
length are not test specific and for this reason these have been placed in Annexes A to D.
Yield stress and tensile strength for typical anchor steels appear in Annex E.
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the two main types of grouted anchors considered in EN 1537.
Key
1 anchorage point at jack during stressing
2 anchorage point at anchor head in service
3 tensioning element at anchor head (nut or barrel and wedge)
4 bearing plate
5 load transfer block
6 structural element
7 trumpet or anchor head tube
8 O-ring
9 soil/rock
10 borehole
11 debonding sleeve
12 tendon
13 fixed length grout body
14 free length filling where appropriate
Figure 1 — Sketch of a bond type ground anchor — details of anchor head and head
protection omitted
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Key
1 anchorage point at jack during stressing
2 anchorage point at anchor head in service
3 tensioning element at anchor head (nut or barrel and wedge)
4 bearing plate
5 load transfer block
6 structural element
7 trumpet or anchor head tube
8 O-ring
9 soil/rock
10 borehole
11 debonding sleeve
12 tendon
13 fixed length grout body
14 free length filling where appropriate
15 compression element
Figure 2 — Sketch of a compression type ground anchor — details of anchor head and head
protection omitted
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of
geotechnical structures —
Part 5:
Testing of grouted anchors
1 Scope
This document establishes specifications for the execution of tension tests to be carried out on an anchor
grouted in the ground, as defined in EN 1997-1 and EN 1537. Three methods of testing are recognized
by this document. Test Method 1 involves cyclic tension loading with measurement of displacement at
the load stages; Test Method 2 involves cyclic tension loading with measurement of load loss at the load
stages; and Test Method 3 involves step-loading with measurement of displacement under successive
maintained tension loads.
This document provides specifications for the experimental devices, the measurement apparatus, the
test procedures, the definition and presentation of the test results and the content of records.
NOTE This document does not provide specification for the size of the proof load and the limiting criteria.
These aspects reside in EN 1997-1 or its national annex for CEN countries and in similar national application
documents for this test standard for ISO countries.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1537:2013, Execution of special geotechnical works — Ground anchors
EN 1997-1:2004+A1: 2013, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1997-1 and EN 1537 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
acceptance test
load test to confirm that an individual anchor conforms with its acceptance criteria
Note 1 to entry: Refer to EN 1997-1.
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
3.1.2
anchor tendon resistance
ultimate tensile resistance of the anchor tendon
3.1.3
critical creep load
load corresponding to the end of the first pseudo-linear part of the “α versus load diagram”
Note 1 to entry: Refer to Annex C for the determination of the critical creep load.
3.1.4
geotechnical ultimate limit state resistance
ultimate resistance of the ground-grout interface or pull-out resistance
Note 1 to entry: The ground-grout interface resistance is the load at which the creep rate α meets the limiting
criterion in the form of a specific creep rate α or the vertical asymptote of the creep rate versus load curve,
ULS
(that is an infinite creep rate).
Note 2 to entry: For Test Method 2 load loss is used as criterion instead of creep rate, refer to EN 1997-1.
3.1.5
serviceability limit state resistance
load at which the creep rate α meets the limiting criterion in the form of a specific creep rate α
SLS
Note 1 to entry: Also defined as the load corresponding to a characteristic point — the knee point — on the creep
rate versus load curve, termed the critical creep load.
Note 2 to entry: Refer to EN 1997-1.
3.1.6
investigation test
load test to establish the geotechnical ultimate resistance of an anchor and to determine the
characteristics of the anchor in the working load range
Note 1 to entry: Refer to EN 1997-1.
3.1.7
production anchor
anchor that forms part of the anchored structure
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as a working anchor.
Note 2 to entry: Not suitable for investigation tests.
3.1.8
proof load
maximum test load to which an anchor is subjected in a particular load test
3.1.9
suitability test
load test to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground conditions
Note 1 to entry: Refer to EN 1997-1.
3.1.10
test anchor
sacrificial anchor installed for testing purposes only
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
3.2 Symbols
A Cross-sectional area of anchor tendon
t
E elastic modulus of anchor tendon
t
f friction loss as a percentage of P
p
f characteristic tensile strength, also referred to as f in EN 1993 (all parts)
tk uk
f characteristic yield stress corresponding the 0,1 % yield strain = f
t0,1k yk
f characteristic yield stress corresponding the 0,2 % yield strain = f
t0,2k yk
k load loss
l
k permissible cumulative loss of load over specified time period, used to determine ultimate
l;ULS
limit state resistance of an anchor
k permissible cumulative loss of load over specified time period, used to determine serviceabili-
l;SLS
ty limit state resistance of an anchor
L apparent tendon free length
app
L length of compression element (refer to EN 1537)
ce
L external length of tendon measured from the tendon anchorage in the anchor head to the an-
e
chorage point in the stressing jack (refer to EN 1537)
L fixed anchor length
fixed
L free anchor length
free
L tendon bond length
tb
L tendon free length
tf
P datum load
a
P critical creep load
c
P anchor lock-off load
o
P proof load
p
R measured value of the geotechnical resistance of an anchor complying with the ultimate limit
ULS:m
state criteria
R measured value of the geotechnical resistance of an anchor complying with the serviceability
SLS:m
limit state criteria
s tendon end displacement
t time
α slope of “creep displacement vs. decimal logarithm of time” plot, creep rate, creep displace-
ment rate
α limit criterion of α in ULS
ULS
α limit criterion of α in SLS
SLS
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
α limit of α by test method 1
α limit of α by test method 3
ΔP difference between proof load and datum load
ΔP friction loss
f
Δs measured displacement of the tendon end produced by load increment ΔP
∆s measured displacement of the tendon end at proof load P minus displacement after de-loading
el p
to datum load P
a
4 Equipment
4.1 Test loading set-up
The principal components of a test loading system are a stressing device, a reaction system and
equipment for the measurement and recording of loads or pressures, displacement and time. Other
equipment may include devices for the measurement and recording of ambient temperature.
The test loading system shall be designed to operate safely up to the proof load.
When using Test Method 2 or if an independent datum point is not available (at the tendon end, Figure 3)
then the structural movement shall be monitored (see Figure 5, key 8).
Key
1 tendon end
2 anchorage point, provided by wedges on strand anchor or nut on bar anchor
3 anchor head
Figure 3 — Anchor head details for strand and bar anchors
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
NOTE Schematic illustrations of loading systems are presented in Figures 4, 5 and 6. Where possible it is
better to measure the load between the loading device and the bearing plate to avoid the determination of the
friction in the jack.
Key
1 displacement monitoring of tendon end
2 stressing device
3 load monitoring system (pressure gauges)
4 reaction system/structure
5 tendon
6 hydraulic system (pump)
7 load cell (optional)
Figure 4 — Schematic illustration showing typical method of measuring tendon displacement
from an independent datum
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Key
1 displacement monitoring of the tendon end
2 stressing device
3 load monitoring system (pressure gauges)
4 reaction system/structure
5 tendon
6 hydraulic system (pump)
7 load cell to measure load loss
8 displacement monitoring of the reaction structure, mounted on separate tripod (not shown)
Figure 5 — Schematic illustration showing typical method of measuring tendon load loss using
a pressure gauge, with reaction system deformation measurement from an independent datum
6 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
Key
1 independent displacement monitoring of structure (two dial gauges on centre axis, each side of bearing plate)
2 multiple jacks acting as stressing device for staggered anchors
3 load monitoring system (pressure gauge)
4 reaction system/structure
5 tendon
6 hydraulic system (pump)
7 displacement monitoring system, comprising long stroke digital Vernier gauge or similar
Figure 6 — Schematic illustration showing typical method of measuring tendon displacement
on staggered free lengths, using long stroke Vernier gauge
4.2 Reaction system
The reaction system shall be designed to resist the proof load in accordance with the relevant European
standards.
The reaction system should be designed not to impose excessive loads to the ground, which may cause
detrimental deformation or settlement.
In the case of load loss measurement, monitoring of the reaction system shall be performed to determine
the displacement of the reaction structure itself during testing.
4.3 Loading device
The loading device, normally a hydraulically operated jack, should have a capacity at least 10 % greater
than the proof load.
The extension of the jack should be greater than the sum of the elongation of the tendon under the
proof load, and the displacement of the reaction system. In cases where a single jack cannot provide the
necessary extension, suitable equipment (e.g. multiple jacks placed in series) shall be used.
The equipment (hydraulic jack, pumping unit, etc.) shall be capable of safely tensioning the tendon
smoothly and axially, in accordance with the test procedure. The load shall be applied or released in a
controlled manner without any shocks.
With the exception of anchors with staggered free lengths, stressing equipment for bar and strand
tendons shall tension the complete tendon as a single unit. The stressing equipment for anchors with
staggered free lengths shall comply with EN 1537:2013, 8.4.5.
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
4.4 Load measurement
The load may be measured either indirectly (e.g. by means of a calibrated pressure gauge, monitoring
the hydraulic pressure in the stressing device) or directly (e.g. by the use of a load cell).
The required minimum accuracy for the measured load shall be the larger of 1 % of the measured value
or 10 kN.
Pressure gauges, load cells and jacks, used to measure the load, shall be calibrated within 12 months
prior to the test. The calibration certificates shall be made available for inspection on site at all times.
4.5 Displacement measurement
The support for the displacement devices shall be remote from the stressing device and reaction system
and be sufficiently rigid so as not to be influenced by background vibrations. The test installation
should be protected against direct sunlight, and the measuring equipment from rain.
Tendon end displacement shall be recorded following the application of the datum load.
The precision of the measuring equipment shall be 0,5 mm or better for displacement measurements,
and 0,01 mm for creep monitoring.
The displacement measuring devices shall be calibrated within 12 months prior to the test.
Displacement devices should be capable of monitoring the displacement of the tendon end, throughout
the test, without the need for resetting.
Where displacement measurements exceed those practical by dial gauges, either cable actuated
extension measuring devices (from an independent datum) or digital Vernier gauges, with a separate
monitoring of the reaction system, may be used.
4.6 Time and temperature measurement
The accuracy of the measured time shall be 1 s.
The accuracy of the measured air temperature shall be ≤1 °C.
5 Test types
5.1 General
The standard provides specifications for three types of tension tests as defined in EN 1997-1 and EN
1537: investigation tests, suitability tests and acceptance tests.
Test Method 1, 2 or 3 shall be used consistently for all test types (investigation, suitability and
acceptance).
5.2 Investigation test
The purpose of an investigation test is to:
— identify the pull out resistance;
— identify a possible proof load for the suitability test and acceptance test;
— document the apparent tendon free length;
— identify the critical creep load (Test Method 3).
8 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
5.3 Suitability test
The purpose of a suitability test is to:
— document the ability of the anchor to resist a proof load;
— assess the behaviour of the anchor system up to proof load in terms of creep rate or load loss;
— document the apparent tendon free length;
— document the lock-off load.
5.4 Acceptance test
The purpose of an acceptance test is to:
— document the ability to resist a proof load;
— document the apparent tendon free length;
— document the lock-off load.
6 Execution
6.1 Test location
The results of the site investigation shall be considered when selecting a test anchor location.
Ground conditions at the test location shall be representative for the ground conditions of production
anchors. The test location shall be placed at the location with the least favourable results of the ground
investigation for anchoring.
6.2 Test anchors
Investigation tests shall be carried out on test anchors which are not part of an actual structure and are
installed prior to the installation of production anchors.
The method used for the installation of test anchors shall be fully documented, as prescribed in EN 1537.
Test anchors shall be installed using the same installation procedures as production anchors.
Test anchors shall have the same borehole diameter as the production anchors.
Test anchors should have the same inclination as production anchors. Where alternative installations
have been used for test anchors, supplementary suitability tests shall be carried out with the same
inclination as for production anchors.
Test anchors may have stronger tendons than production anchors.
Test anchors should have the same fixed length as production anchors. However, to ascertain the
geotechnical ultimate resistance a shorter fixed length or stronger tendon may be employed in
investigation tests, provided that supplementary suitability tests are carried out with the same fixed
length as the production anchors.
6.3 Time period between installation and test
Between the installation of anchors and the beginning of the test, adequate time shall be allowed to
ensure that the required strength of the anchor fixed length grout and the regeneration of ground
strength are achieved.
ISO 22477-5:2018(E)
6.4 Test preparation
Prior to commencement of the test, the preparation shall at least include:
a) installation of measurement devices and checking their normal and safe functioning;
b) establishment of a perimeter of safety around the anchor;
c) installation of the stressing system and checking its normal and safe functioning (e.g. it shall be
checked that the stressing device is in the axis of the anchor to be tested).
The reference system shall be located in such a way that it is not affected by any displacement of the
reaction system and it shall be protected against climatic effects.
6.5 Proof load
The proof load shall be stated in EN 1997-1 or its national annex for CEN countries and in similar
national application documents for this test standard for ISO countries.
The proof load P shall be defined prior to the test.
p
The tendon shall comply with the following limiting criteria, c.f. EN 1997-1:2004+A1: 2013, 8.5.4 (2)P:
P ≤ 0,80 · P = 0,80 · f · A
p tk tk t
P ≤ 0,95 · P 0,95 · f · A or 0,95 · P = 0,95 · f · A , respectively
p t0,1k = t0,1k t t0,2k t0,2k t
where
f = the tensile strength = f ;
tk uk
f and f are both yield stresses f at 0,1 % and 0,2 % yield strain, respectively.
t0,1k t0,2k yk
The smallest value is definitive.
The use of P or P depends on the applied
...