SIST EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1:2021
(Main)Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum - Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S band)
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum - Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S band)
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for ground based monostatic
ATC primary surveillance radars with the following characteristics:
• operating in the 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz frequency range;
• transmitter output peak power up to 100 kW;
• the transceiver-antenna connection uses a hollow metallic rectangular waveguide of type WR284/WG10/R32
according to IEC 60153-2 [i.6] with a minimum length between the output of the power amplifier and the
input to the antenna of 2,886 m (20 times the wavelength of the waveguide cut-off frequency);
• the antenna rotates, is waveguide-based and passive;
• the transceiver output uses a RF circulator.
NOTE 1: Phased array ATC primary surveillance radars are not covered by the present document.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
Primarni nadzorni radar (PSR) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega spektra - 2. del: Senzorji PSR za nadzor zračnega prometa (ATC), ki delujejo v frekvenčnem pasu od 2700 MHz do 3100 MHz (pas S)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum;
Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the
frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S band)
2 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2
Keywords
aeronautical, harmonised standard, radar, radio
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3 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Environmental profile . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements . 10
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 10
4.2.1.1.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.1.2 Limits . 10
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance . 10
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power . 10
4.2.1.2.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.2.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 11
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition. 11
4.2.1.3.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions. 11
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 12
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.2.3 Confor ma nce . 12
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain . 12
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.3.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions . 13
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition . 13
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits . 13
4.2.1.4.4.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.2 Receiver requirements . 13
4.2.2.1 General requirement . 13
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure . 13
4.2.2.2.1 Definition. 13
4.2.2.2.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level . 14
4.2.2.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.3.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity . 14
4.2.2.4.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.4.2 Limit . 15
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4 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 16
5.1 General requirements . 16
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing . 16
5.2.1 Test conditions . 16
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
5.2.3 Normal test power supply . 16
5.3 Radio test suites . 16
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification . 16
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 16
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power . 16
5.3.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 17
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5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth . 17
-20
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions. 17
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 17
5.3.1.5.2 Emissions in the spurious domain . 18
5.3.1.5.3 Stand-by mode emissions . 18
5.3.2 Receiver test specification . 19
5.3.2.1 Noise Figure . 19
5.3.2.2 Receiver Compression Level . 19
5.3.2.3 Receiver selectivity . 20
5.3.2.3.1 General setup . 20
5.3.2.3.2 Disturbing Test Signals . 20
5.3.2.3.3 Measurement Procedure . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the B bandw idth . 23
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Annex C (normative): Frequency deviation, transmitter power, B , B and Out-of-band
-40 -20
emissions measurement set-up . 25
Annex D (normative): Spurious and stand-by emissions measurement set-up . 26
Annex E (normative): Noise Figure measurement set-up . 28
Annex F (normative): Compression level and selectivity measurement set-up. 30
Annex G (informative): Maximum Measurement Uncertainty . 32
Annex H (informative): WR284/WG10 waveguide characteristics . 33
Annex I (informative): Checklist . 35
Annex J (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38
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5 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote
phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering ground based ATC Primary Surveillance Radars
(PSR), as identified below:
Part 1: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 1 215 MHz to 1 400 MHz
(L band)";
Part 2: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz
(S band)";
Part 3: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 8 500 MHz to 10 000 MHz
(X band)".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
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6 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for ground based monostatic
ATC primary surveillance radars with the following characteristics:
• operating in the 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz frequency range;
• transmitter output peak power up to 100 kW;
• the transceiver-antenna connection uses a hollow metallic rectangular waveguide of type WR284/WG10/R32
according to IEC 60153-2 [i.6] with a minimum length between the output of the power amplifier and the
input to the antenna of 2,886 m (20 times the wavelength of the waveguide cut-off frequency);
• the antenna rotates, is waveguide-based and passive;
• the transceiver output uses a RF circulator.
NOTE 1: Phased array ATC primary surveillance radars are not covered by the present document.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ECC/Recommendation (02)05 (2012): "Unwanted emissions".
[2] ERC/Recommendation 74-01 (2019): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[3] Recommendation ITU-R M.1177-4 (04/2011): "Techniques for measurement of unwanted
emissions of radar systems".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
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8 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] ITU Radio Regulations (2020).
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 (08/2015): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1) (2020): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the
production of Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.6] IEC 60153-2 (2016): "Hollow metallic waveguides - Part 2: Relevant specifications for ordinary
rectangular waveguides".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.331-4 (07/1978): "Noise and sensitivity of receivers".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 (07/1978): "Selectivity of receivers".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
active state: state which produces the authorized emission
auxiliary receiver: radar receiver not included in the transceiver
NOTE: For example an auxiliary receiver could be used for high beam antenna pattern.
dummy load: device connected to a waveguide or coaxial cable and matched to their impedance (typically 50 Ohms) to
absorb the RF energy propagating inside
equipment under test: device that is the subject of the specific test investigation being described
matched filter: receiver filter that matches the transmitted radar waveform, i.e. this is the filter that maximizes the
signal-to-noise ratio of the received pulse
necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions for a given class of emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: For Primary radars the necessary bandwidth BN is considered to be B-20 (20 dB bandwidth) as defined in
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 [i.4].
occupied bandwidth: width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the
mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β/2 of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: Unless otherwise specified in an Recommendation ITU-R for the appropriate class of emission, the value
of ( β/2) should be taken as 0,5 %.
operating frequencies: frequencies on which the radar is tuned to operate
operating mode: predefined configuration for a given service accessible to the operator of the radar system
NOTE 1: Several operating modes may be available.
NOTE 2: Changing operating mode might affect the radio characteristics of the radar system.
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9 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
peak envelope power: average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio
frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
product configuration: hardware variant of the same typology of system under test (e.g. different power outputs,
magnetrons)
pulse duration: time between the 50 % amplitude (voltage) points
pulse fall time: time taken for the trailing edge of the pulse to decrease from 90 % to 10 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
pulse rise time: time taken for the leading edge of the pulse to increase from 10 % to 90 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
receiver output: output of the digital matched filter function
system coupler: directional waveguide coupler with forward and reverse port or only a forward port
NOTE: The system coupler is inserted in the waveguide run between the circulator and the antenna but not
directly located behind the antenna. Usually it is located very close behind the circulator.
unwanted emissions: spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
B -20 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-20
B -40 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-40
B Chirp bandwidth
C
B Necessary bandwidth
N
B 3 dB resolution bandwidth of transceiver
res
dB/dec dB per decade
dBpp dB with respect to peak power
D Detectability Factor
no spur
f Operating Frequency
o
f Intermediate Frequency
IF
f Receiver operating Frequency
RF
f Image Frequency
image
k Boltzmann's constant
f Local Oscillator Frequency
LO
Pt Pulse power of transmission
RF Radio Frequency
S/N Signal-to-Noise ratio
t Time
T Pulse length (of individual chirp waveforms) in seconds
C
tp Pulse duration
tr Pulse rise time
tf Pulse fall time
T Temperature in Kelvin
λ Wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
ATC Air Traffic Control
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10 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
CW Continuous Wave
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IF Intermediate Frequency
ITU International Telecommunication Union
na not available
NF Noise Factor
OoB Out-of-Band
PEP Peak Envelope Power
ppm parts per million
PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
RCSC Radio Components Standardization Committee
RF Radio Frequency
WG Waveguide
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use, but as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test
conditions contained in the present document. The equipment shall comply with all the technical requirements of the
present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile
defined by its intended use.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
4.2.1.1.1 Definition
The maximum frequency deviation is the maximum allowed departure from the operating frequency.
4.2.1.1.2 Limits
The maximum frequency deviation of ATC radar systems at the defined operating frequency shall not exceed
1 250 ppm.
NOTE: This value is specified in Appendix 2 of the ITU Radio Regulations [i.3].
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.1.2.
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power
4.2.1.2.1 Definition
The transmitter power is the peak value of the transmitter pulse power during the transmission pulse (PEP).
NOTE: The transmitter power is measured at the output port of the transceiver.
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11 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
4.2.1.2.2 Limits
The transmitter power shall not exceed 100 kW (i.e. 80 dBm).
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.2.2.
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition
The measured -40 dB bandwidth (B ) is the measured bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below the measured PEP.
-40
4.2.1.3.2 Limits
The measured B bandwidth shall always be contained within the 2 700 to 3 100 MHz frequency band.
-40
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.3.2.
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements
The Out-of-Band emission limits and the spurious emission limits shall be based on the calculated B bandwidth as
-40
defined in annex B. The OoB and spurious domain boundaries are defined in clause 5.3.1.5.
B
-40 dB
Spurious domain OoB domain OoB domain
Figure 1: Definition of OoB and spurious emission domains
(case of a single operating frequency) (Not to scale)
ETSI
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12 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition
Out-of-Band emissions refer to emissions in the region between the calculated B and the spurious Domain.
-40
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits
The limits of emissions in the OoB domain shall be as specified in annex 2 of ECC/Recommendation (02)05 [1] and
also shown in table 1 (for single frequency radars) and table 2 (for multiple frequency radars).
Table 1: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for single frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 5 -40 to -70 -30
5 to 15,8 -70 to -100 / -30 dBm (see note 1) -60
NOTE 1: From -70 to -100 or -30 dBm whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B value.
-40
Table 2: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for multiple frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) / -60 (see note 1) -30
NOTE 1: From -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) or -60 dBpp whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B-40 value.
NOTE 3: PEP unit is Watt.
For radars using multiple pulse waveforms, the emission mask shall be calculated for each individual pulse and the
widest mask shall be considered.
4.2.1.4.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.2.2.
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition
Spurious emissions are unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. They include:
• harmonic emissions (i.e. whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions;
• emissions from intermodulation products (e.g. between oscillator and operating frequency, or between
oscillator and harmonics);
• emissions from frequency conversion products.
For transmitters in active state, the spurious domain is all frequencies outside the OoB domain.
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits
The spurious emissions limits are related to the PEP and shall be as specified in ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2]
annex 5 and also shown in table 3.
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13 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
Table 3: Limits for emissions in the spurious domain
Radar type Limits (see note)
Single frequency 100 dB or -30 dBm
Multi-frequency 43 + 10 × log(PEP) or 60 dB whichever is less stringent
NOTE: Absolute levels (dBm in PEP in the reference bandwidth) or attenuation
(dB) below the power (PEP) supplied to the antenna port.
4.2.1.4.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.3.2.
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition
Stand-by mode emissions are residual emissions at the transceiver output when the transmitter is in stand-by mode. In
this mode, the transmitter is available for operation, but is not in the active state.
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits
The stand-by mode emissions shall not exceed -47 dBm as specified in table 15 of ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2] in
th
the frequency range from 2 077 MHz (the cut-off frequency of the waveguide) up to the 5 harmonic of the operating
frequency, apart from ±250 % of the measured necessary bandwidth B where no limits are specified.
N
NOTE: The radars covered by the present document use WR284/WG10/R32 waveguides to transfer power
between the transmitter and the antenna and the waveguide cut-off frequency is 2 077 MHz. Therefore,
measurements below this frequency are not required since the waveguide is unable to support power
transfer along its length below the cut-off frequency and the limits below this frequency are met.
4.2.1.4.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests for this requirement shall be as defined in clause 5.3.1.5.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit in clause 4.2.1.4.4.2.
4.2.2 Receiver requirements
4.2.2.1 General requirement
The S-band ATC radars use an RF receiver inside the transceiver function and may use additional RF receivers
connected to the radar antenna receiving beams patterns. The receiver requirements shall be tested for all the receivers
of the radar.
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure
4.2.2.2.1 Definition
The noise figure is the noise factor as defined below expressed in dB.
The noise factor is the ratio of noise power measured at the output of the receiver to the noise power which would be
present at the output if the thermal noise due to the resistive component of the source impedance were the only source
of noise in the system; both noise powers are determined at an absolute temperature of the source equal to T = 293 K.
NOTE: The definition of noise factor is taken from ITU-R Recommendation SM.331-4 (§ Recommend 2) [i.7].
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14 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
4.2.2.2.2 Limits
The Noise Figure shall not exceed 6 dB.
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.1.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.2.2.
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level
4.2.2.3.1 Definition
The compression level is defined as the level of the input signal at which one of the receiver stages becomes non-linear
thereby causing distortion and other non-linear effects that prevent proper operation of the receiver itself.
The receiver compression level is defined as the input power when the receiver gain is reduced by 1 dB (i.e. when the
receiver output is 1 dB into compression) as shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Illustration of finding the receiver 1 dB compression point
4.2.2.3.2 Limits
The receiver input compression level of the radar shall be at least -40 dBm.
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.2.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.3.2.
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity
4.2.2.4.1 Definition
The radar receiver selectivity is a measure of its ability to discriminate between a wanted signal to which the receiver is
tuned and unwanted signals.
NOTE 1: The definition of selectivity is taken from Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 [i.8].
ETSI
15 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
NOTE 2: Radar receiver selectivity refers to effects measured within the linear range of the receiver to transpose at
its output the radar desired signal and to reject unwanted perturbing signals located outside the B
-40
bandwidth.
NOTE 3: Unwanted signals inside the B bandwidth are not considered for the receiver selectivity since they fall
-40
into the desired frequency range for the reception of wanted signals.
NOTE 4: The selectivity curve is the rejection of an unwanted CW signal for a range of frequencies.
4.2.2.4.2 Limit
The required input selectivity characteristic of the radar receiver is based on the calculated B bandwidth (see
-40
annex B).
The selectivity of a receiver tuned at an operating frequency fo shall be verified in the following frequency ranges:
fo - B /2 - 500 MHz ≤ f ≤fo - B /2
-40 -40
fo + B /2 ≤ f ≤ fo + B /2 + 500 MHz
-40 -40
If the image frequencies, as calculated in formula (1) below, are not covered by the frequency ranges defined above, the
selectivity measurement shall be done also on the following frequency range:
f - B /2 ≤ f ≤ f + B /2
image -40 image -40
to cover the image frequencies susceptibility.
+2×, >
= (1)
−2×, <
The receiver selectivity mask shall be as defined in table 4. An example is shown in figure 3.
Table 4: Receiver selectivity mask
Frequency offset relative to fo by Relative output level Slope
multiple of the B-40 bandwidth in dB referenced to in-band level dB/decade
0 to 0,5 0
0,5 -40
-∞
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -60 -30
-60 dB 0
2,3 to ∞
Output
Level
B
-40 dB
In-band
level
Frequency
fo – 2,3 x B fo + 2,3 x B
-40 -40
Figure 3: Example of receiver selectivity mask (not to scale)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.3.
ETSI
40 dB
60 dB
16 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits of the selectivity mask specified in clause 4.2.2.4.2.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
The manufacturer shall ensure that all operating modes and product configurations are in compliance with the technical
requirements in the present document.
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing
5.2.1 Test conditions
Unless otherwise stated, all tests shall take place under the following normal test conditions. The standard operating
parameters depend very much on the type of the radar. If a particular operating mode is used for measurement this shall
be noted by the manufacturer.
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be within the following ranges:
o o
a) temperature +15 C to +35 C
b) relative humidity not exceeding 75 %
5.2.3 Normal test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. The frequency of the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.3 Radio test suites
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
To measure the frequency deviation a spectrum analyser shall be used.
The frequency measurements shall be performed with combinations of pulse lengths and PRFs that provide minimum
and maximum duty cycles.
The spectrum analyser shall be used to display the frequency spectrum so that the central frequency is determined from
the 20 dB below PEP frequencies of the spectrum as measured when determining the B bandwidth.
-20
The frequency deviation of the central frequency shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating
frequency.
The value of the measured operating frequencies shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
ETSI
17 Draft ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.0.1 (2020-11)
The transmitter power shall be referenced with respect to the output port of the radar transceiver.
The PEP shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating frequency.
If the transmitter power is varied over the azimuth coverage, the highest PEP value set shall be considered. The value of
the measured PEP shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.3 Measured B-40 bandwidth
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The values of the measured lower and upper frequencies of the B bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
-40
5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth
-20
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 20 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The value(s) of the measured B-20 bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
NOTE: These measurement values are used to define the frequency boundaries for the test of conformance of
standby mode emissions.
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
The Out-of-Band power emissions of the transmitter shall be measured at the output port of the transceiver tuned at the
operating frequency of the radar.
For multi frequency radar, the test shall be executed for the lowest and highest selectable operating frequencies.
For single operating frequency radars, the Out-of-Band power emissions shall be measured in the frequency range given
in table 5.
For multi operating frequencies radars, the Out-of-Band power emissions shall be measured in the frequency range
given in table 6.
Table 5: Out-of-Band emissions boundaries for single operating frequency
Lower OoB measurement limit Upper OoB measurement limit
Maximum value between Operating frequency + 15,8 x B-40
(Operating frequency - 15,8 x B )
-40
and 2 077 MHz
NOTE 1: 2 077 MHz corresponds to the cut-off frequency of the output waveguide.
is calculated using the formulae in annex B.
NOTE 2: B-40
Table 6: Out-of-Band emissions boundaries for multiple operating frequencies
Lower OoB measurement limit Upper OoB measurement limit
Maximum value between Operating frequency + 2,3 x B-40
(Operating frequency - 2,3 x B )
-40
and 2 077 MHz
NOTE 1: 2 077 MHz corresponds to the cut-off frequency of the output waveguide.
NOTE 2: B-40 is calculated from the formulae in annex B.
ETSI
----------------
...
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum;
Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the
frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S band)
2 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2
Keywords
aeronautical, harmonised standard, radar, radio
ETSI
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Environmental profile . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements . 10
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 10
4.2.1.1.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.1.2 Limits . 10
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance . 10
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power . 10
4.2.1.2.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.2.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 11
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition. 11
4.2.1.3.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions. 11
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 12
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.2.3 Confor ma nce . 12
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain . 12
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.3.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions . 13
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition . 13
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits . 13
4.2.1.4.4.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.2 Receiver requirements . 13
4.2.2.1 General requirement . 13
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure . 13
4.2.2.2.1 Definition. 13
4.2.2.2.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level . 14
4.2.2.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.3.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity . 14
4.2.2.4.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.4.2 Limit . 15
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 16
5.1 General requirements . 16
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing . 16
5.2.1 Test conditions . 16
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
5.2.3 Normal test power supply . 16
5.3 Radio test suites . 16
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification . 16
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 16
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power . 16
5.3.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 17
-40
5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth . 17
-20
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions. 17
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 17
5.3.1.5.2 Emissions in the spurious domain . 18
5.3.1.5.3 Stand-by mode emissions . 18
5.3.2 Receiver test specification . 19
5.3.2.1 Noise Figure . 19
5.3.2.2 Receiver Compression Level . 19
5.3.2.3 Receiver selectivity . 20
5.3.2.3.1 General setup . 20
5.3.2.3.2 Disturbing Test Signals . 20
5.3.2.3.3 Measurement Procedure . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the B bandw idth . 23
-40
Annex C (normative): Frequency deviation, transmitter power, B , B and Out-of-band
-40 -20
emissions measurement set-up . 25
Annex D (normative): Spurious and stand-by emissions measurement set-up . 26
Annex E (normative): Noise Figure measurement set-up . 28
Annex F (normative): Compression level and selectivity measurement set-up. 30
Annex G (informative): Maximum Measurement Uncertainty . 32
Annex H (informative): WR284/WG10 waveguide characteristics . 33
Annex I (informative): Checklist . 35
Annex J (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering ground based ATC Primary Surveillance Radar
(PSR), as identified below:
Part 1: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 1 215 MHz to 1 400 MHz
(L band)";
Part 2: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz
(S band)";
Part 3: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 8 500 MHz to 10 000 MHz
(X band)".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 18 February 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2022
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for ground based monostatic
ATC primary surveillance radars with the following characteristics:
• operating in the 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz frequency range;
• transmitter output peak power up to 100 kW;
• the transceiver-antenna connection uses a hollow metallic rectangular waveguide of type WR284/WG10/R32
according to IEC 60153-2 [i.6] with a minimum length between the output of the power amplifier and the
input to the antenna of 2,886 m (20 times the wavelength of the waveguide cut-off frequency);
• the antenna rotates, is waveguide-based and passive;
• the transceiver output uses a RF circulator.
NOTE 1: Phased array ATC primary surveillance radars are not covered by the present document.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ECC/Recommendation (02)05 (2012): "Unwanted emissions".
[2] ERC/Recommendation 74-01 (2019): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[3] Recommendation ITU-R M.1177-4 (04/2011): "Techniques for measurement of unwanted
emissions of radar systems".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] ITU Radio Regulations (2020).
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 (08/2015): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1) (2020): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the
production of Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.6] IEC 60153-2 (2016): "Hollow metallic waveguides - Part 2: Relevant specifications for ordinary
rectangular waveguides".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.331-4 (07/1978): "Noise and sensitivity of receivers".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 (07/1978): "Selectivity of receivers".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
active state: state which produces the authorized emission
auxiliary receiver: radar receiver not included in the transceiver
NOTE: For example an auxiliary receiver could be used for high beam antenna pattern.
dummy load: device connected to a waveguide or coaxial cable and matched to their impedance (typically 50 Ohms) to
absorb the RF energy propagating inside
equipment under test: device that is the subject of the specific test investigation being described
matched filter: receiver filter that matches the transmitted radar waveform, i.e. this is the filter that maximizes the
signal-to-noise ratio of the received pulse
necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions for a given class of emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: For Primary radars the necessary bandwidth BN is considered to be B-20 (20 dB bandwidth) as defined in
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 [i.4].
occupied bandwidth: width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the
mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β/2 of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: Unless otherwise specified in an Recommendation ITU-R for the appropriate class of emission, the value
of (β/2) should be taken as 0,5 %.
operating frequencies: frequencies on which the radar is tuned to operate
operating mode: predefined configuration for a given service accessible to the operator of the radar system
NOTE 1: Several operating modes may be available.
NOTE 2: Changing operating mode might affect the radio characteristics of the radar system.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
peak envelope power: average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio
frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
product configuration: hardware variant of the same typology of system under test (e.g. different power outputs,
magnetrons)
pulse duration: time between the 50 % amplitude (voltage) points
pulse fall time: time taken for the trailing edge of the pulse to decrease from 90 % to 10 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
pulse rise time: time taken for the leading edge of the pulse to increase from 10 % to 90 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
receiver output: output of the digital matched filter function
system coupler: directional waveguide coupler with forward and reverse port or only a forward port
NOTE: The system coupler is inserted in the waveguide run between the circulator and the antenna but not
directly located behind the antenna. Usually it is located very close behind the circulator.
unwanted emissions: spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
B -20 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-20
B -40 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-40
B Chirp bandwidth
C
B Necessary bandwidth
N
B 3 dB resolution bandwidth of transceiver
res
dB/dec dB per decade
dBpp dB with respect to peak power
D Detectability Factor
no spur
f Operating Frequency
o
f Intermediate Frequency
IF
f Receiver operating Frequency
RF
f Image Frequency
image
k Boltzmann's constant
f Local Oscillator Frequency
LO
Pt Pulse power of transmission
RF Radio Frequency
S/N Signal-to-Noise ratio
t Time
T Pulse length (of individual chirp waveforms) in seconds
C
tp Pulse duration
tr Pulse rise time
tf Pulse fall time
T Temperature in Kelvin
λ Wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
ATC Air Traffic Control
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
CW Continuous Wave
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IF Intermediate Frequency
ITU International Telecommunication Union
na not available
NF Noise Factor
OoB Out-of-Band
PEP Peak Envelope Power
ppm parts per million
PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
RCSC Radio Components Standardization Committee
RF Radio Frequency
WG Waveguide
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use, but as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test
conditions contained in the present document. The equipment shall comply with all the technical requirements of the
present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile
defined by its intended use.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
4.2.1.1.1 Definition
The maximum frequency deviation is the maximum allowed departure from the operating frequency.
4.2.1.1.2 Limits
The maximum frequency deviation of ATC radar systems at the defined operating frequency shall not exceed
1 250 ppm.
NOTE: This value is specified in Appendix 2 of the ITU Radio Regulations [i.3].
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.1.2.
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power
4.2.1.2.1 Definition
The transmitter power is the peak value of the transmitter pulse power during the transmission pulse (PEP).
NOTE: The transmitter power is measured at the output port of the transceiver.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.1.2.2 Limits
The transmitter power shall not exceed 100 kW (i.e. 80 dBm).
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.2.2.
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition
The measured -40 dB bandwidth (B ) is the measured bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below the measured PEP.
-40
4.2.1.3.2 Limits
The measured B bandwidth shall always be contained within the 2 700 to 3 100 MHz frequency band.
-40
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.3.2.
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements
The Out-of-Band emission limits and the spurious emission limits shall be based on the calculated B bandwidth as
-40
defined in annex B. The OoB and spurious domain boundaries are defined in clause 5.3.1.5.
B
-40 dB
Spurious domain OoB domain OoB domain
Figure 1: Definition of OoB and spurious emission domains
(case of a single operating frequency) (Not to scale)
ETSI
40 dB
12 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition
Out-of-Band emissions refer to emissions in the region between the calculated B and the spurious Domain.
-40
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits
The limits of emissions in the OoB domain shall be as specified in annex 2 of ECC/Recommendation (02)05 [1] and
also shown in table 1 (for single frequency radars) and table 2 (for multiple frequency radars).
Table 1: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for single frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 5 -40 to -70 -30
5 to 15,8 -70 to -100 / -30 dBm (see note 1) -60
NOTE 1: From -70 to -100 or -30 dBm whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B value.
-40
Table 2: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for multiple frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) / -60 (see note 1) -30
NOTE 1: From -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) or -60 dBpp whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B-40 value.
NOTE 3: PEP unit is Watt.
For radars using multiple pulse waveforms, the emission mask shall be calculated for each individual pulse and the
widest mask shall be considered.
4.2.1.4.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.2.2.
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition
Spurious emissions are unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. They include:
• harmonic emissions (i.e. whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions;
• emissions from intermodulation products (e.g. between oscillator and operating frequency, or between
oscillator and harmonics);
• emissions from frequency conversion products.
For transmitters in active state, the spurious domain is all frequencies outside the OoB domain.
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits
The spurious emissions limits are related to the PEP and shall be as specified in ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2]
annex 5 and also shown in table 3.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Table 3: Limits for emissions in the spurious domain
Radar type Limits (see note)
Single frequency 100 dB or -30 dBm
Multi-frequency 43 + 10 × log(PEP) or 60 dB whichever is less stringent
NOTE: Absolute levels (dBm in PEP in the reference bandwidth) or attenuation
(dB) below the power (PEP) supplied to the antenna port.
4.2.1.4.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.3.2.
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition
Stand-by mode emissions are residual emissions at the transceiver output when the transmitter is in stand-by mode. In
this mode, the transmitter is available for operation, but is not in the active state.
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits
The stand-by mode emissions shall not exceed -47 dBm as specified in table 15 of ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2] in
th
the frequency range from 2 077 MHz (the cut-off frequency of the waveguide) up to the 5 harmonic of the operating
frequency, apart from ±250 % of the measured necessary bandwidth B where no limits are specified.
N
NOTE: The radars covered by the present document use WR284/WG10/R32 waveguides to transfer power
between the transmitter and the antenna and the waveguide cut-off frequency is 2 077 MHz. Therefore,
measurements below this frequency are not required since the waveguide is unable to support power
transfer along its length below the cut-off frequency and the limits below this frequency are met.
4.2.1.4.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests for this requirement shall be as defined in clause 5.3.1.5.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit in clause 4.2.1.4.4.2.
4.2.2 Receiver requirements
4.2.2.1 General requirement
The S-band ATC radars use an RF receiver inside the transceiver function and may use additional RF receivers
connected to the radar antenna receiving beams patterns. The receiver requirements shall be tested for all the receivers
of the radar.
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure
4.2.2.2.1 Definition
The noise figure is the noise factor as defined below expressed in dB.
The noise factor is the ratio of noise power measured at the output of the receiver to the noise power which would be
present at the output if the thermal noise due to the resistive component of the source impedance were the only source
of noise in the system; both noise powers are determined at an absolute temperature of the source equal to T = 293 K.
NOTE: The definition of noise factor is taken from ITU-R Recommendation SM.331-4 (§ Recommend 2) [i.7].
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.2.2.2 Limits
The Noise Figure shall not exceed 6 dB.
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.1.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.2.2.
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level
4.2.2.3.1 Definition
The compression level is defined as the level of the input signal at which one of the receiver stages becomes non-linear
thereby causing distortion and other non-linear effects that prevent proper operation of the receiver itself.
The receiver compression level is defined as the input power when the receiver gain is reduced by 1 dB (i.e. when the
receiver output is 1 dB into compression) as shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Illustration of finding the receiver 1 dB compression point
4.2.2.3.2 Limits
The receiver input compression level of the radar shall be at least -40 dBm.
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.2.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.3.2.
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity
4.2.2.4.1 Definition
The radar receiver selectivity is a measure of its ability to discriminate between a wanted signal to which the receiver is
tuned and unwanted signals.
NOTE 1: The definition of selectivity is taken from Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 [i.8].
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
NOTE 2: Radar receiver selectivity refers to effects measured within the linear range of the receiver to transpose at
its output the radar desired signal and to reject unwanted perturbing signals located outside the B
-40
bandwidth.
NOTE 3: Unwanted signals inside the B bandwidth are not considered for the receiver selectivity since they fall
-40
into the desired frequency range for the reception of wanted signals.
NOTE 4: The selectivity curve is the rejection of an unwanted CW signal for a range of frequencies.
4.2.2.4.2 Limit
The required input selectivity characteristic of the radar receiver is based on the calculated B bandwidth (see
-40
annex B).
The selectivity of a receiver tuned at an operating frequency fo shall be verified in the following frequency ranges:
fo - B /2 - 500 MHz ≤ f ≤fo - B /2
-40 -40
fo + B /2 ≤ f ≤ fo + B /2 + 500 MHz
-40 -40
If the image frequencies, as calculated in formula (1) below, are not covered by the frequency ranges defined above, the
selectivity measurement shall be done also on the following frequency range:
f - B /2 ≤ f ≤ f + B /2
image -40 image -40
to cover the image frequencies susceptibility.
+2×, >
= (1)
−2×, <
The receiver selectivity mask shall be as defined in table 4. An example is shown in figure 3.
Table 4: Receiver selectivity mask
Frequency offset relative to fo by Relative output level Slope
multiple of the B-40 bandwidth in dB referenced to in-band level dB/decade
0 to 0,5 0
0,5 -40
-∞
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -60 -30
-60 dB 0
2,3 to ∞
Output
Level
B
-40 dB
In-band
level
Frequency
fo – 2,3 x B fo + 2,3 x B
-40 -40
Figure 3: Example of receiver selectivity mask (not to scale)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.3.
ETSI
40 dB
60 dB
16 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits of the selectivity mask specified in clause 4.2.2.4.2.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
The manufacturer shall ensure that all operating modes and product configurations are in compliance with the technical
requirements in the present document.
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing
5.2.1 Test conditions
Unless otherwise stated, all tests shall take place under the following normal test conditions. The standard operating
parameters depend very much on the type of the radar. If a particular operating mode is used for measurement this shall
be noted by the manufacturer.
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be within the following ranges:
o o
a) temperature +15 C to +35 C
b) relative humidity not exceeding 75 %
5.2.3 Normal test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. The frequency of the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.3 Radio test suites
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
To measure the frequency deviation a spectrum analyser shall be used.
The frequency measurements shall be performed with combinations of pulse lengths and PRFs that provide minimum
and maximum duty cycles.
The spectrum analyser shall be used to display the frequency spectrum so that the central frequency is determined from
the 20 dB below PEP frequencies of the spectrum as measured when determining the B bandwidth.
-20
The frequency deviation of the central frequency shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating
frequency.
The value of the measured operating frequencies shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
ETSI
17 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
The transmitter power shall be referenced with respect to the output port of the radar transceiver.
The PEP shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating frequency.
If the transmitter power is varied over the azimuth coverage, the highest PEP value set shall be considered. The value of
the measured PEP shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.3 Measured B-40 bandwidth
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The values of the measured lower and upper frequencies of the B bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
-40
5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth
-20
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 20 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The value(s) of the measured B-20 bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
NOTE: These measurement values are used to define the frequency boundaries for the test of conformance of
standby mode emissions.
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
The Out-of-Band power emissions of the transmitter shall be measured at the output port of the transceiver tuned at the
operating frequency of the radar.
For multi frequency radar, the test shall be executed for the lowest and highest selectable operating frequencies.
For single operating frequency radars, the Out-of-Band power emissions shall be measured in the frequency range given
in table 5.
For multi operating frequencies radars, the Out-of-Band power emissions shall be measured in the frequency range
given in table 6.
Table 5: Out-of-Band emissions boundaries for single operating frequency
Lower OoB measurement limit Upper OoB measurement limit
Maximum value between Operating frequency + 15,8 x B-40
(Operating frequency - 15,8 x B )
-40
and 2 077 MHz
NOTE 1: 2 077 MHz corresponds to the cut-off frequency of the output waveguide.
is calculated using the formulae in annex B.
NOTE 2: B-40
Table 6: Out-of-Band emissions boundaries for multiple operating frequencies
Lower OoB measurement limit Upper OoB measurement limit
Maximum value between Operating frequency + 2,3 x B-40
(Operating frequency - 2,3 x B )
-40
and 2 077 MHz
NOTE 1: 2 077 MHz corresponds to the cut-off frequency of the output waveguide.
NOTE 2: B-40 is calculated from the formulae in annex B.
ETSI
18 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Out-of-band boundaries are taken from ECC Recommendation (02)05 [1].
The radars covered by the present document u
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2021
Primarni nadzorni radar (PSR) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega
spektra - 2. del: Senzorji PSR za nadzor zračnega prometa (ATC), ki delujejo v
frekvenčnem pasu od 2700 MHz do 3100 MHz (pas S)
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum -
Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz
to 3 100 MHz (S band)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
ICS:
03.220.50 Zračni transport Air transport
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR);
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum;
Part 2: Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the
frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz (S band)
2 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2
Keywords
aeronautical, harmonised standard, radar, radio
ETSI
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 10
4.1 Environmental profile . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements . 10
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 10
4.2.1.1.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.1.2 Limits . 10
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance . 10
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power . 10
4.2.1.2.1 Definition. 10
4.2.1.2.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 11
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition. 11
4.2.1.3.2 Limits . 11
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance . 11
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions. 11
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 12
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.2.3 Confor ma nce . 12
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain . 12
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition . 12
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits . 12
4.2.1.4.3.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions . 13
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition . 13
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits . 13
4.2.1.4.4.3 Confor ma nce . 13
4.2.2 Receiver requirements . 13
4.2.2.1 General requirement . 13
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure . 13
4.2.2.2.1 Definition. 13
4.2.2.2.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level . 14
4.2.2.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.3.2 Limits . 14
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity . 14
4.2.2.4.1 Definition. 14
4.2.2.4.2 Limit . 15
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 16
5.1 General requirements . 16
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing . 16
5.2.1 Test conditions . 16
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
5.2.3 Normal test power supply . 16
5.3 Radio test suites . 16
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification . 16
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation . 16
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power . 16
5.3.1.3 Measured B bandwidth . 17
-40
5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth . 17
-20
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions. 17
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain . 17
5.3.1.5.2 Emissions in the spurious domain . 18
5.3.1.5.3 Stand-by mode emissions . 18
5.3.2 Receiver test specification . 19
5.3.2.1 Noise Figure . 19
5.3.2.2 Receiver Compression Level . 19
5.3.2.3 Receiver selectivity . 20
5.3.2.3.1 General setup . 20
5.3.2.3.2 Disturbing Test Signals . 20
5.3.2.3.3 Measurement Procedure . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Calculation of the B bandw idth . 23
-40
Annex C (normative): Frequency deviation, transmitter power, B , B and Out-of-band
-40 -20
emissions measurement set-up . 25
Annex D (normative): Spurious and stand-by emissions measurement set-up . 26
Annex E (normative): Noise Figure measurement set-up . 28
Annex F (normative): Compression level and selectivity measurement set-up. 30
Annex G (informative): Maximum Measurement Uncertainty . 32
Annex H (informative): WR284/WG10 waveguide characteristics . 33
Annex I (informative): Checklist . 35
Annex J (informative): Bibliography . 37
History . 38
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering ground based ATC Primary Surveillance Radar
(PSR), as identified below:
Part 1: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 1 215 MHz to 1 400 MHz
(L band)";
Part 2: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz
(S band)";
Part 3: "Air Traffic Control (ATC) PSR sensors operating in the frequency band 8 500 MHz to 10 000 MHz
(X band)".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 18 February 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2022
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for ground based monostatic
ATC primary surveillance radars with the following characteristics:
• operating in the 2 700 MHz to 3 100 MHz frequency range;
• transmitter output peak power up to 100 kW;
• the transceiver-antenna connection uses a hollow metallic rectangular waveguide of type WR284/WG10/R32
according to IEC 60153-2 [i.6] with a minimum length between the output of the power amplifier and the
input to the antenna of 2,886 m (20 times the wavelength of the waveguide cut-off frequency);
• the antenna rotates, is waveguide-based and passive;
• the transceiver output uses a RF circulator.
NOTE 1: Phased array ATC primary surveillance radars are not covered by the present document.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-
specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ECC/Recommendation (02)05 (2012): "Unwanted emissions".
[2] ERC/Recommendation 74-01 (2019): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[3] Recommendation ITU-R M.1177-4 (04/2011): "Techniques for measurement of unwanted
emissions of radar systems".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] ITU Radio Regulations (2020).
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 (08/2015): "Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain".
[i.5] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1) (2020): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the
production of Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.6] IEC 60153-2 (2016): "Hollow metallic waveguides - Part 2: Relevant specifications for ordinary
rectangular waveguides".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.331-4 (07/1978): "Noise and sensitivity of receivers".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 (07/1978): "Selectivity of receivers".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
active state: state which produces the authorized emission
auxiliary receiver: radar receiver not included in the transceiver
NOTE: For example an auxiliary receiver could be used for high beam antenna pattern.
dummy load: device connected to a waveguide or coaxial cable and matched to their impedance (typically 50 Ohms) to
absorb the RF energy propagating inside
equipment under test: device that is the subject of the specific test investigation being described
matched filter: receiver filter that matches the transmitted radar waveform, i.e. this is the filter that maximizes the
signal-to-noise ratio of the received pulse
necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions for a given class of emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: For Primary radars the necessary bandwidth BN is considered to be B-20 (20 dB bandwidth) as defined in
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541-6 [i.4].
occupied bandwidth: width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the
mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β/2 of the total mean power of a given emission
NOTE 1: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
NOTE 2: Unless otherwise specified in an Recommendation ITU-R for the appropriate class of emission, the value
of (β/2) should be taken as 0,5 %.
operating frequencies: frequencies on which the radar is tuned to operate
operating mode: predefined configuration for a given service accessible to the operator of the radar system
NOTE 1: Several operating modes may be available.
NOTE 2: Changing operating mode might affect the radio characteristics of the radar system.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
peak envelope power: average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio
frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
product configuration: hardware variant of the same typology of system under test (e.g. different power outputs,
magnetrons)
pulse duration: time between the 50 % amplitude (voltage) points
pulse fall time: time taken for the trailing edge of the pulse to decrease from 90 % to 10 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
pulse rise time: time taken for the leading edge of the pulse to increase from 10 % to 90 % of the maximum amplitude
(voltage)
receiver output: output of the digital matched filter function
system coupler: directional waveguide coupler with forward and reverse port or only a forward port
NOTE: The system coupler is inserted in the waveguide run between the circulator and the antenna but not
directly located behind the antenna. Usually it is located very close behind the circulator.
unwanted emissions: spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions
NOTE: This definition is taken from ITU Radio Regulation [i.3].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
B -20 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-20
B -40 dB bandwidth below PEP of the spectrum of the transmitted waveform
-40
B Chirp bandwidth
C
B Necessary bandwidth
N
B 3 dB resolution bandwidth of transceiver
res
dB/dec dB per decade
dBpp dB with respect to peak power
D Detectability Factor
no spur
f Operating Frequency
o
f Intermediate Frequency
IF
f Receiver operating Frequency
RF
f Image Frequency
image
k Boltzmann's constant
f Local Oscillator Frequency
LO
Pt Pulse power of transmission
RF Radio Frequency
S/N Signal-to-Noise ratio
t Time
T Pulse length (of individual chirp waveforms) in seconds
C
tp Pulse duration
tr Pulse rise time
tf Pulse fall time
T Temperature in Kelvin
λ Wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
ATC Air Traffic Control
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
CW Continuous Wave
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IF Intermediate Frequency
ITU International Telecommunication Union
na not available
NF Noise Factor
OoB Out-of-Band
PEP Peak Envelope Power
ppm parts per million
PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
RCSC Radio Components Standardization Committee
RF Radio Frequency
WG Waveguide
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be in accordance with its intended use, but as a minimum, shall be that specified in the test
conditions contained in the present document. The equipment shall comply with all the technical requirements of the
present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile
defined by its intended use.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 Transmitter requirements
4.2.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
4.2.1.1.1 Definition
The maximum frequency deviation is the maximum allowed departure from the operating frequency.
4.2.1.1.2 Limits
The maximum frequency deviation of ATC radar systems at the defined operating frequency shall not exceed
1 250 ppm.
NOTE: This value is specified in Appendix 2 of the ITU Radio Regulations [i.3].
4.2.1.1.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.1.2.
4.2.1.2 Transmitter power
4.2.1.2.1 Definition
The transmitter power is the peak value of the transmitter pulse power during the transmission pulse (PEP).
NOTE: The transmitter power is measured at the output port of the transceiver.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.1.2.2 Limits
The transmitter power shall not exceed 100 kW (i.e. 80 dBm).
4.2.1.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.2.2.
4.2.1.3 Measured B bandwidth
-40
4.2.1.3.1 Definition
The measured -40 dB bandwidth (B ) is the measured bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below the measured PEP.
-40
4.2.1.3.2 Limits
The measured B bandwidth shall always be contained within the 2 700 to 3 100 MHz frequency band.
-40
4.2.1.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit specified in clause 4.2.1.3.2.
4.2.1.4 Unwanted emissions
4.2.1.4.1 General requirements
The Out-of-Band emission limits and the spurious emission limits shall be based on the calculated B bandwidth as
-40
defined in annex B. The OoB and spurious domain boundaries are defined in clause 5.3.1.5.
B
-40 dB
Spurious domain OoB domain OoB domain
Figure 1: Definition of OoB and spurious emission domains
(case of a single operating frequency) (Not to scale)
ETSI
40 dB
12 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.1.4.2 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
4.2.1.4.2.1 Definition
Out-of-Band emissions refer to emissions in the region between the calculated B and the spurious Domain.
-40
4.2.1.4.2.2 Limits
The limits of emissions in the OoB domain shall be as specified in annex 2 of ECC/Recommendation (02)05 [1] and
also shown in table 1 (for single frequency radars) and table 2 (for multiple frequency radars).
Table 1: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for single frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 5 -40 to -70 -30
5 to 15,8 -70 to -100 / -30 dBm (see note 1) -60
NOTE 1: From -70 to -100 or -30 dBm whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B value.
-40
Table 2: Limits for emissions in the OoB domain for multiple frequency radars
Frequency offset Limit Slope
relative to B-40 dBpp dB/decade
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) / -60 (see note 1) -30
NOTE 1: From -40 to -43 - 10 × log(PEP) or -60 dBpp whichever is less stringent.
NOTE 2: Frequency offset is a multiplicative factor of B-40 value.
NOTE 3: PEP unit is Watt.
For radars using multiple pulse waveforms, the emission mask shall be calculated for each individual pulse and the
widest mask shall be considered.
4.2.1.4.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.1.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.2.2.
4.2.1.4.3 Emissions in the spurious domain
4.2.1.4.3.1 Definition
Spurious emissions are unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. They include:
• harmonic emissions (i.e. whole multiples of the operating frequency);
• parasitic emissions;
• emissions from intermodulation products (e.g. between oscillator and operating frequency, or between
oscillator and harmonics);
• emissions from frequency conversion products.
For transmitters in active state, the spurious domain is all frequencies outside the OoB domain.
4.2.1.4.3.2 Limits
The spurious emissions limits are related to the PEP and shall be as specified in ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2]
annex 5 and also shown in table 3.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
Table 3: Limits for emissions in the spurious domain
Radar type Limits (see note)
Single frequency 100 dB or -30 dBm
Multi-frequency 43 + 10 × log(PEP) or 60 dB whichever is less stringent
NOTE: Absolute levels (dBm in PEP in the reference bandwidth) or attenuation
(dB) below the power (PEP) supplied to the antenna port.
4.2.1.4.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.1.5.2.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.1.4.3.2.
4.2.1.4.4 Stand-by mode emissions
4.2.1.4.4.1 Definition
Stand-by mode emissions are residual emissions at the transceiver output when the transmitter is in stand-by mode. In
this mode, the transmitter is available for operation, but is not in the active state.
4.2.1.4.4.2 Limits
The stand-by mode emissions shall not exceed -47 dBm as specified in table 15 of ERC/Recommendation 74-01 [2] in
th
the frequency range from 2 077 MHz (the cut-off frequency of the waveguide) up to the 5 harmonic of the operating
frequency, apart from ±250 % of the measured necessary bandwidth B where no limits are specified.
N
NOTE: The radars covered by the present document use WR284/WG10/R32 waveguides to transfer power
between the transmitter and the antenna and the waveguide cut-off frequency is 2 077 MHz. Therefore,
measurements below this frequency are not required since the waveguide is unable to support power
transfer along its length below the cut-off frequency and the limits below this frequency are met.
4.2.1.4.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests for this requirement shall be as defined in clause 5.3.1.5.3.
The results obtained shall not exceed the limit in clause 4.2.1.4.4.2.
4.2.2 Receiver requirements
4.2.2.1 General requirement
The S-band ATC radars use an RF receiver inside the transceiver function and may use additional RF receivers
connected to the radar antenna receiving beams patterns. The receiver requirements shall be tested for all the receivers
of the radar.
4.2.2.2 Noise Figure
4.2.2.2.1 Definition
The noise figure is the noise factor as defined below expressed in dB.
The noise factor is the ratio of noise power measured at the output of the receiver to the noise power which would be
present at the output if the thermal noise due to the resistive component of the source impedance were the only source
of noise in the system; both noise powers are determined at an absolute temperature of the source equal to T = 293 K.
NOTE: The definition of noise factor is taken from ITU-R Recommendation SM.331-4 (§ Recommend 2) [i.7].
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
4.2.2.2.2 Limits
The Noise Figure shall not exceed 6 dB.
4.2.2.2.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.1.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.2.2.
4.2.2.3 Receiver Compression Level
4.2.2.3.1 Definition
The compression level is defined as the level of the input signal at which one of the receiver stages becomes non-linear
thereby causing distortion and other non-linear effects that prevent proper operation of the receiver itself.
The receiver compression level is defined as the input power when the receiver gain is reduced by 1 dB (i.e. when the
receiver output is 1 dB into compression) as shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Illustration of finding the receiver 1 dB compression point
4.2.2.3.2 Limits
The receiver input compression level of the radar shall be at least -40 dBm.
4.2.2.3.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.2.
The result obtained shall not exceed the limits specified in clause 4.2.2.3.2.
4.2.2.4 Receiver selectivity
4.2.2.4.1 Definition
The radar receiver selectivity is a measure of its ability to discriminate between a wanted signal to which the receiver is
tuned and unwanted signals.
NOTE 1: The definition of selectivity is taken from Recommendation ITU-R SM.332-4 [i.8].
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
NOTE 2: Radar receiver selectivity refers to effects measured within the linear range of the receiver to transpose at
its output the radar desired signal and to reject unwanted perturbing signals located outside the B
-40
bandwidth.
NOTE 3: Unwanted signals inside the B bandwidth are not considered for the receiver selectivity since they fall
-40
into the desired frequency range for the reception of wanted signals.
NOTE 4: The selectivity curve is the rejection of an unwanted CW signal for a range of frequencies.
4.2.2.4.2 Limit
The required input selectivity characteristic of the radar receiver is based on the calculated B bandwidth (see
-40
annex B).
The selectivity of a receiver tuned at an operating frequency fo shall be verified in the following frequency ranges:
fo - B /2 - 500 MHz ≤ f ≤fo - B /2
-40 -40
fo + B /2 ≤ f ≤ fo + B /2 + 500 MHz
-40 -40
If the image frequencies, as calculated in formula (1) below, are not covered by the frequency ranges defined above, the
selectivity measurement shall be done also on the following frequency range:
f - B /2 ≤ f ≤ f + B /2
image -40 image -40
to cover the image frequencies susceptibility.
+2×, >
= (1)
−2×, <
The receiver selectivity mask shall be as defined in table 4. An example is shown in figure 3.
Table 4: Receiver selectivity mask
Frequency offset relative to fo by Relative output level Slope
multiple of the B-40 bandwidth in dB referenced to in-band level dB/decade
0 to 0,5 0
0,5 -40
-∞
0,5 to 2,3 -40 to -60 -30
-60 dB 0
2,3 to ∞
Output
Level
B
-40 dB
In-band
level
Frequency
fo – 2,3 x B fo + 2,3 x B
-40 -40
Figure 3: Example of receiver selectivity mask (not to scale)
4.2.2.4.3 Conformance
The conformance tests are specified in clause 5.3.2.3.
ETSI
40 dB
60 dB
16 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
The results obtained shall not exceed the limits of the selectivity mask specified in clause 4.2.2.4.2.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
The manufacturer shall ensure that all operating modes and product configurations are in compliance with the technical
requirements in the present document.
5.2 Environmental conditions for testing
5.2.1 Test conditions
Unless otherwise stated, all tests shall take place under the following normal test conditions. The standard operating
parameters depend very much on the type of the radar. If a particular operating mode is used for measurement this shall
be noted by the manufacturer.
5.2.2 Normal temperature and humidity
The temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be within the following ranges:
o o
a) temperature +15 C to +35 C
b) relative humidity not exceeding 75 %
5.2.3 Normal test power supply
The test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC supply shall be the nominal mains voltage declared by the
manufacturer -10 % to +10 %. The frequency of the test voltage shall be 50 Hz ± 1 Hz.
5.3 Radio test suites
5.3.1 Transmitter test specification
5.3.1.1 Maximum frequency deviation
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
To measure the frequency deviation a spectrum analyser shall be used.
The frequency measurements shall be performed with combinations of pulse lengths and PRFs that provide minimum
and maximum duty cycles.
The spectrum analyser shall be used to display the frequency spectrum so that the central frequency is determined from
the 20 dB below PEP frequencies of the spectrum as measured when determining the B bandwidth.
-20
The frequency deviation of the central frequency shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating
frequency.
The value of the measured operating frequencies shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.2 Transmitter power
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
ETSI
17 ETSI EN 303 364-2 V1.1.1 (2021-02)
The transmitter power shall be referenced with respect to the output port of the radar transceiver.
The PEP shall be measured at least at the lowest and highest operating frequency.
If the transmitter power is varied over the azimuth coverage, the highest PEP value set shall be considered. The value of
the measured PEP shall be noted in the test report.
5.3.1.3 Measured B-40 bandwidth
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 40 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The values of the measured lower and upper frequencies of the B bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
-40
5.3.1.4 Measured B bandwidth
-20
The measurement setup shall be as described in annex C.
The bandwidth of the emissions 20 dB below PEP shall be measured for the lowest and the highest selectable operating
frequencies.
The value(s) of the measured B-20 bandwidth shall be noted in the test report.
NOTE: These measurement values are used to define the frequency boundaries for the test of conformance of
standby mode emissions.
5.3.1.5 Unwanted emissions
5.3.1.5.1 Emissions in the Out-of-Band domain
The measurement set-up shall be as described in annex C.
The Out-of-Band power
...
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