SIST EN 15180:2025
(Main)Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements
Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements
1.1 General
This document is applicable to food depositors as listed in 1.2 and the equipment typically integrated with them, i.e. product pumps, product elevators, conveyors and indexing mechanisms, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex B).
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during transport, assembly and installation, commissioning, use, decommissioning, disabling, dismantling and scrapping.
NOTE 1 According to the clause which is referred to, "use" includes "setting, teaching/programming or process changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding and maintenance".
NOTE 2 Although this document is intended to apply to depositors used in the food industry, many of its requirements can also be used for the same or similar machines used in other industries.
This document does not apply to the following machines:
- auger depositors or auger fillers and gravimetric filling machines; safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 415-3;
- automatic dough dividers, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12042;
- filling machines for sausages, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12463;
- mincing machines, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12331;
- food depositors that are powered exclusively by manual effort;
- roller depositors intended for use in craft bakeries. Safety requirements for these machines are in EN 17677.
This document does not deal with the following hazards:
- hazards related to the use of food depositors in a potentially explosive atmosphere;
- hazards that can arise from using a food depositor to deposit a non-food product.
This document is not applicable to food depositors that were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard.
1.2 Types of food depositors
1.2.1 General
This document deals with five different types of food depositor. The component parts of each of the different types of depositor are labelled in the figures shown in Clause 4 of this document.
1.2.2 Piston depositor
A piston depositor typically comprises a hopper, a rotary valve, a product measuring chamber in the form of a piston and a product dispensing valve. Some piston depositors incorporate several product measuring chambers and dispensing valves. Some designs dispense the product directly from the rotary valve without the use of a separate product dispensing valve. The volume of product dispensed is varied by altering the stroke of the product measuring chamber piston. Piston depositors are used to fill liquids, liquids containing solids in suspension and pastes. The product dispensing valve can be attached rigidly to the depositor or using a flexible pipe and in some cases is held by the operator. Figure 1 shows the typical cross section of a piston depositor.
Figure 1 - Piston depositor
1.2.3 Chamber depositor
A chamber depositor comprises a hopper feeding one or more product measuring chambers that are filled under gravity from the top. When the chamber has been filled with product the flow of product is stopped either by moving the chamber or using a product cutting device. The product is then discharged through the bottom of the chamber either by moving the chamber or by moving a plate in the base of the chamber. The volume of product dispensed is varied by altering the volume of the chamber. Chamber depositors are typically used to deposit free-flowing products like cooked rice or pasta. Figure 2 shows the typical cross section of a chamber depositor.
Figure 2 - Chamber depositor
1.2.4 Roller depositor
A roller depositor typically comprises a hopper that feeds product to two or more fluted contra-rotating rollers. These rollers force the product through one or more dies that shape the product.
...
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen
1.1 Allgemeines
Dieses Dokument gilt für die in 1.2 aufgeführten Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen, und die üblicherweise in sie integrierten Geräte, d. h. Produktpumpen, Produkthebevorrichtungen, Fördereinrichtungen und Taktförderern, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter vom Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen verwendet werden (siehe Anhang B).
Dieses Dokument behandelt die signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse während des Transports, der Montage und der Installation, der Inbetriebnahme, der Verwendung und der Außerbetriebnahme, der Außerbetriebsetzung, der Demontage und der Verschrottung.
ANMERKUNG 1 Entsprechend der vorstehend genannten Verweisung umfasst "Verwendung" das "Einrichten, das Einlernen (Teachen)/Programmieren oder das Umrüsten, den Betrieb, die Reinigung, die Fehlersuche und die Instandhaltung".
ANMERKUNG 2 Obwohl dieses Dokument für Portioniermaschinen anzuwenden ist, die in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie eingesetzt werden, können viele der Anforderungen auch für dieselben oder ähnliche Maschinen angewendet werden, die in anderen Industriezweigen zum Einsatz kommen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für die folgenden Maschinen:
- Schneckenportionierer oder Schnecken-Füllmaschinen und gravimetrische Dosierer, Sicherheitsanforderungen für diese Maschinen sind in EN 415-3 enthalten;
- automatische Teigteilmaschinen, Sicherheitsanforderungen für diese Maschinen sind in EN 12042 enthalten;
- Füllmaschinen für Wurstwaren. Sicherheitsanforderungen für diese Maschinen sind in EN 12463 enthalten;
- Wölfe, Sicherheitsanforderungen für diese Maschinen sind in EN 12331 enthalten;
- Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen, die ausschließlich von Hand betrieben werden;
- Walzenportionierer für den Einsatz in handwerklichen Bäckereien. Die Sicherheitsanforderungen für diese Maschinen sind in EN 17677 enthalten.
Dieses Dokument befasst sich nicht mit den folgenden Gefährdungen:
- Gefährdungen, die sich aus der Verwendung von Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen ergeben;
- Gefährdungen, die sich aus der Verwendung einer Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschine zur Portionierung eines Non-Food-Produkts ergeben können.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen, die vor dem Tag der Veröffentlichung als Europäische Norm gebaut wurden.
1.2 Typen von Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen
1.2.1 Allgemeines
Dieses Dokument behandelt fünf verschiedene Typen von Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen. Die Einzelteile der verschiedenen Typen von Portioniermaschinen sind in den Bildern in Abschnitt 4 dieses Dokuments gekennzeichnet.
1.2.2 Kolbenportionierer
Ein Kolbenportionierer besteht üblicherweise aus einem Produkttrichter, einem Drehschieber, einer Produktdosierkammer in Form eines Kolbens und einem Produktausgabeventil. Bei einigen Kolbenportionierern sind mehrere Produktdosierkammern und Produktausgabeventile eingebaut. Bei einigen Konstruktionen wird das Produkt ohne ein separates Produktausgabeventil direkt durch den Drehschieber ausgegeben. Die Menge des ausgegebenen Produkts wird durch die Hubhöhe des Kolbens in der Produktdosierkammer verändert. Kolbenportionierer werden zum Abfüllen von Flüssigkeiten und flüssigkeitshaltigen Feststoffen in Suspensionen und Pasten eingesetzt. Das Produktausgabeventil kann fest am Portionierer angebaut sein oder eine flexible Leitung verwenden und in einigen Fällen vom Bediener gehalten werden. Bild 1 zeigt den typischen Querschnitt eines Kolbenportionierers.
Bild 1 - Kolbenportionierer
1.2.3 Kammerportionierer
Ein Kammerportionierer ist mit einer oder mehreren über einen Produkttrichter von oben durch Schwerkraft gefüllten Produktdosierkammer ausgerüstet. Wenn die Kammer mit dem Produkt gefüllt ist, wird der Produktfluss entweder durch die sich bewegende Kammer oder eine Produktschneideeinrichtung für das Produkt gestoppt.
...
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
1.1 Généralités
Le présent document s’applique aux doseuses alimentaires tel que définies en 1.2 et aux équipements qui leur sont spécifiquement associés, c’est à dire : les pompes, les élévateurs de produit, les convoyeurs de produit et les mécanismes à indexage, lorsqu’ils sont utilisés normalement et dans des conditions de mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant (voir Annexe B).
Le présent document traite de tous les phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs pouvant être générés pendant le transport, le montage et l’installation, la mise en service, l’utilisation, la mise hors service, la désactivation, le démontage et la mise au rebut.
NOTE 1 Selon l'article auquel il est fait référence, « l'utilisation » implique-le « réglage, l'apprentissage/la programmation ou le changement de processus, le fonctionnement, le nettoyage, la recherche de défauts et la maintenance ».
NOTE 2 Bien que le présent document soit destiné à s'appliquer aux doseuses utilisées dans l'industrie agroalimentaire, un grand nombre de ses prescriptions peut également s'appliquer à des machines identiques ou similaires utilisées dans d'autres secteurs.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux machines suivantes :
- machines à former, remplir et sceller ; les prescriptions de sécurité applicables à ces machines figurent dans l’EN 415-3 ;
- diviseuses automatiques, les prescriptions de sécurité applicables à ces machines figurent dans l’EN 12042 ;
- machines à remplir les saucisses, les prescriptions de sécurité applicables à ces machines sont contenues dans l’EN 12463 ;
- hachoirs, les prescriptions de sécurité applicables à ces machines figurent dans l’EN 12331 ;
- doseuses alimentaires actionnées uniquement par un effort manuel.
- dresseuses destinées à être utilisés dans les boulangeries artisanales. Les prescriptions de sécurité applicables à ces machines figurent dans le EN 17677.
Le présent document ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux suivants :
- phénomènes dangereux liés à l’utilisation de doseuses alimentaires dans une atmosphère potentiellement explosive ;
- phénomènes dangereux pouvant survenir lors de l’utilisation d’une doseuse alimentaire pour doser un produit non alimentaire.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux doseuses alimentaires qui ont été fabriquées avant sa date de publication comme Norme européenne.
1.2 Types de doseuses alimentaires
1.2.1 Généralités
Le présent document traite de cinq différents types de doseuses alimentaires. Les pièces de chacun des types de doseuse sont représentées sur les figures de l’Article 4 du présent document.
1.2.2 Doseuse à piston
Une doseuse à piston comprend généralement une trémie, une vanne rotative, une chambre de mesurage du produit en forme de piston ainsi qu’une vanne de distribution du produit. Certaines doseuses à piston comportent plusieurs chambres de mesurage et vannes de distribution du produit. Dans certaines conceptions, le produit est directement déversé par la vanne rotative sans qu’aucune vanne distincte de distribution de produit ne soit utilisée. La modification de la course du piston de la chambre de mesurage permet de faire varier le volume de produit distribué. Les doseuses à piston sont utilisées pour le remplissage de liquides, de liquides contenant des solides en suspension et de préparation pâteuses. La vanne de distribution du produit peut être attachée de manière rigide à la doseuse ou à l’aide d’un tuyau flexible et dans certains cas, elle est tenue par l’utilisateur. La Figure 1 illustre la section transversale type d'une doseuse à piston.
Figure 1 - Doseuse à piston
1.2.3 Doseuse à chambre
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Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dodajalne naprave - Varnostne in higienske zahteve
Ta dokument se uporablja za dodajalne naprave, kot je navedeno v točki 1.2, ter opremo, običajno vgrajeno v njih, tj. črpalke izdelka, dvigala izdelka, transporterje in mehanizme za indeksiranje, kadar se uporabljajo v skladu s predvidenim namenom in pod pogoji razumno predvidljive nepravilne uporabe, ki jih določa proizvajalec (glej dodatek B).
Ta dokument opisuje večja tveganja, nevarne situacije in nevarne dogodke, ki se pojavijo med transportom, sestavljanjem in nameščanjem, začetkom uporabe, uporabo, izločitvijo iz uporabe, onemogočanjem, razstavljanjem ter razrezom.
OPOMBA 1: V skladu s točko, na katero se sklicuje, »uporaba« vključuje »nastavljanje, učenje/programiranje ali spremembo procesa, delovanje, čiščenje, iskanje napak in vzdrževanje«.
OPOMBA 2: Čeprav je ta dokument namenjen uporabi za dodajalne naprave, ki se uporabljajo v živilski industriji, je mogoče številne zahteve v njem uporabiti tudi za enake ali podobne stroje, ki se uporabljajo v drugih panogah.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za naslednje stroje:
– dodajalne naprave s svedrom ali polnilce s svedrom in gravimeter polnilne naprave; varnostne zahteve za te stroje so navedene v standardu EN 415-3;
– avtomatske delilnike testa; varnostne zahteve za te stroje so navedene v standardu EN 12042;
– polnilnike za klobase; varnostne zahteve za te stroje so navedene v standardu EN 12463;
– stroje za mletje mesa; varnostne zahteve za te stroje so navedene v standardu EN 12331;
– dodajalne naprave, ki se napajajo izključno z ročno silo;
– valjčne dodajalne naprave, namenjene za uporabo v pekarstvu. Varnostne zahteve za te stroje so navedene v standardu EN 17677.
Ta dokument ne obravnava naslednjih tveganj:
– tveganja, povezana z uporabo dodajalnih naprav v potencialno eksplozivnem okolju;
– tveganja, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi uporabe dodajalne naprave za dodajanje neživilskega proizvoda.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za dodajalne naprave, ki so bile izdelane pred datumom objave dokumenta kot evropskega standarda.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2025
Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dodajalne naprave - Varnostne in higienske zahteve
Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und
Hygieneanforderungen
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives
à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15180:2025
ICS:
67.260 Tovarne in oprema za Plants and equipment for the
živilsko industrijo food industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 15180
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 67.260 Supersedes EN 15180:2014
English Version
Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and
hygiene requirements
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses Nahrungsmittelmaschinen -
alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und
l'hygiène Hygieneanforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2025.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15180:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction. 6
1 Scope . 7
1.1 General . 7
1.2 Types of food depositors. 7
1.2.1 General . 7
1.2.2 Piston depositor . 7
1.2.3 Chamber depositor . 8
1.2.4 Roller depositor . 9
1.2.5 Pump depositor . 9
1.2.6 Screw depositor . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions. 12
4 Safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 General requirements for food depositors . 14
4.2.1 Introduction . 14
4.2.2 Requirements to eliminate mechanical hazards . 14
4.2.3 Requirements to prevent electrical hazards . 15
4.2.4 Requirements to eliminate thermal hazards . 16
4.2.5 Noise reduction . 16
4.2.6 Requirements to prevent hazards caused by cleaning media . 16
4.2.7 Ergonomic design principles . 17
4.2.8 Requirements to prevent unexpected start-up or over-run . 17
4.2.9 Ability to stop machine in the best position . 18
4.2.10 Power supplies . 18
4.2.11 Safety-related parts of control systems . 18
4.2.12 Design to avoid fitting errors . 19
4.2.13 Stability of machines . 19
4.2.14 Requirements to prevent slipping, tripping and falling . 19
4.2.15 Hygienic design requirements . 19
4.2.16 Maintenance and cleaning operations . 20
4.3 Safety requirements for a piston depositor . 20
4.3.1 General . 20
4.3.2 Hopper . 21
4.3.3 D-valve . 21
4.3.4 Product measuring chamber . 22
4.3.5 Measuring chamber drive mechanism . 22
4.3.6 Product dispensing valve . 22
4.3.7 Container or product handling mechanisms . 23
4.3.8 Product pump . 23
4.3.9 Product elevator . 23
4.4 Safety requirements for a chamber depositor . 23
4.4.1 General . 23
4.4.2 Hopper . 24
4.4.3 Product feeding mechanism . 24
4.4.4 Product measuring mechanism . 24
4.4.5 Container or materials handling mechanisms. 24
4.5 Safety requirements for a roller depositor . 25
4.5.1 General . 25
4.5.2 Hopper . 25
4.5.3 Roller product feeder . 25
4.5.4 Product extruding die . 25
4.5.5 Product cutting device . 26
4.5.6 Rise and fall mechanism . 26
4.5.7 Tray feeding equipment . 26
4.5.8 Conveyors . 26
4.6 Safety requirements for a pump depositor . 26
4.6.1 General . 26
4.6.2 Hopper . 27
4.6.3 Product pump . 27
4.6.4 Product dispensing valves . 27
4.6.5 Rise and fall mechanism . 27
4.6.6 Container and materials handling equipment . 27
4.7 Safety requirements for a screw depositor. 27
4.7.1 General . 27
4.7.2 Hopper . 28
4.7.3 Screw . 28
4.7.4 Product measuring chamber . 28
4.7.5 Product measuring chamber drive mechanism . 28
4.7.6 Product dispensing valve . 28
4.7.7 Container and materials handling mechanisms . 29
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures. 29
6 Information for use . 31
6.1 General . 31
6.2 Signal and warning devices . 31
6.3 Instruction handbook . 31
6.4 Marking . 33
Annex A (normative) Noise test code . 34
A.1 General . 34
A.2 Determination of emission sound pressure level . 34
A.3 Sound power level determination . 35
A.4 Installation and mounting conditions . 35
A.5 Operating conditions . 36
A.6 Measurement uncertainties . 36
A.7 Information to be recorded . 37
A.8 Information to be reported . 37
A.9 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 37
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards . 39
B.1 General . 39
B.2 General food depositor hazards . 39
B.3 Hazards associated with a piston depositor . 43
B.4 Hazards associated with a chamber depositor . 44
B.5 Hazards associated with a roller depositor . 44
B.6 Hazards associated with a pump depositor . 45
B.7 Hazards associated with a screw depositor . 46
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 47
Bibliography . 49
European foreword
This document (EN 15180:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 153 “Machinery
intended for use with foodstuffs and feed”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15180:2014.
— Normative references have been changed to reflect the changes that have been made to B1- and B2-
standards.
— The structure of the standard has been changed, so it complies with CEN Guide 414:2017.
— Annex ZA has been updated regarding the requests of the European Commission on Machinery
Directive (2006/42/EC).
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Food depositors are used extensively in Europe, in commercial and industrial food preparation
applications. They present some health and safety hazards that have the potential to cause serious injury.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous
situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A- or type-
B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 General
This document is applicable to food depositors as listed in 1.2 and the equipment typically integrated
with them, i.e. product pumps, product elevators, conveyors and indexing mechanisms, when they are
used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer
(see Annex B).
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during transport,
assembly and installation, commissioning, use, decommissioning, disabling, dismantling and scrapping.
NOTE 1 According to the clause which is referred to, “use” includes “setting, teaching/programming or process
changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding and maintenance”.
NOTE 2 Although this document is intended to apply to depositors used in the food industry, many of its
requirements can also be used for the same or similar machines used in other industries.
This document does not apply to the following machines:
— auger depositors or auger fillers and gravimetric filling machines; safety requirements for these
machines are contained in EN 415-3;
— automatic dough dividers, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12042;
— filling machines for sausages, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12463;
— mincing machines, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12331;
— food depositors that are powered exclusively by manual effort;
— roller depositors intended for use in craft bakeries. Safety requirements for these machines are in
EN 17677.
This document does not deal with the following hazards:
— hazards related to the use of food depositors in a potentially explosive atmosphere;
— hazards that can arise from using a food depositor to deposit a non-food product.
This document is not applicable to food depositors that were manufactured before the date of its
publication as a European Standard.
1.2 Types of food depositors
1.2.1 General
This document deals with five different types of food depositor. The component parts of each of the
different types of depositor are labelled in the figures shown in Clause 4 of this document.
1.2.2 Piston depositor
A piston depositor typically comprises a hopper, a rotary valve, a product measuring chamber in the form
of a piston and a product dispensing valve. Some piston depositors incorporate several product
measuring chambers and dispensing valves. Some designs dispense the product directly from the rotary
valve without the use of a separate product dispensing valve. The volume of product dispensed is varied
by altering the stroke of the product measuring chamber piston. Piston depositors are used to fill liquids,
liquids containing solids in suspension and pastes. The product dispensing valve can be attached rigidly
to the depositor or using a flexible pipe and in some cases is held by the operator. Figure 1 shows the
typical cross section of a piston depositor.
Figure 1 — Piston depositor
1.2.3 Chamber depositor
A chamber depositor comprises a hopper feeding one or more product measuring chambers that are filled
under gravity from the top. When the chamber has been filled with product the flow of product is stopped
either by moving the chamber or using a product cutting device. The product is then discharged through
the bottom of the chamber either by moving the chamber or by moving a plate in the base of the chamber.
The volume of product dispensed is varied by altering the volume of the chamber. Chamber depositors
are typically used to deposit free-flowing products like cooked rice or pasta. Figure 2 shows the typical
cross section of a chamber depositor.
Figure 2 — Chamber depositor
1.2.4 Roller depositor
A roller depositor typically comprises a hopper that feeds product to two or more fluted contra-rotating
rollers. These rollers force the product through one or more dies that shape the product. The product is
then separated using a product cutting device like a wire cut mechanism. On some designs of the machine
the dies are moved while the product is dispensed to produce a shaped product. The volume of product
dispensed is varied by altering the timing of the product cut-off device. Roller depositors are typically
used to deposit dough or confectionery products. Figure 3 shows the typical cross section of a roller
depositor.
Figure 3 — Roller depositor
1.2.5 Pump depositor
A pump depositor comprises a hopper that feeds a pump which in turn feeds pipe work on which are
mounted one or more product dispensing valves. The dispensing valves can remain fixed, move up and
down or from side to side in synchronization with a product conveyor. The volume of product dispensed
is varied by altering the length of time that the dispensing valves are open. Pump depositors are typically
used to deposit liquids or liquids containing finely divided solids. Figure 4 shows the typical cross section
of a pump depositor.
Figure 4 — Pump depositor
1.2.6 Screw depositor
A screw depositor comprises a hopper in which a screw is mounted. When the screw rotates it draws
product from the hopper into a pipe. The hopper can be equipped with stirrers to move the product
towards the screw and a product measuring chamber or product dispensing valve can be fitted to the
discharge of the screw. The volume of product can be varied by increasing or decreasing the speed of the
screw, by varying the volume of the measuring chamber or by controlling the actuation of the product
dispensing valve. Screw depositors are typically used to deposit dough, pastes or creams. Figure 5 shows
the typical cross section of a screw depositor.
Figure 5 — Screw depositor
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 618:2002+A1:2010, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for
equipment for mechanical handling of bulk materials except fixed belt conveyors
EN 619:2022, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety requirements for equipment for
mechanical handling of unit loads
EN 620:2021, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety requirements for fixed belt conveyors
for bulk materials
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 1005-2:2003+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual
handling of machinery and component parts of machinery
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 1672-2:2020, Food processing machinery — Basic concepts — Part 2: Hygiene and cleanability
requirements
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2016, modified)
1)
EN 60529:1991 , Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2016)
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
EN 61310-3:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 3: Requirements for
the location and operation of actuators (IEC 61310-3:2007)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting
plane (ISO 3746:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 7010:2020, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
(ISO 7010:2019, Corrected version 2020-06)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
2)
EN ISO 11202:2010 , Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate
environmental corrections (ISO 11202:2010)
EN ISO 12001:2009, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Rules for the drafting and
presentation of a noise test code (ISO 12001:1996)
1)
As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013.
2)
As impacted by EN ISO 11202:2010/A1:2021.
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
(ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices, principles for design and selection
(ISO 13851:2019)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13855:2024, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach of the
human body (ISO 13855:2024)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice
of fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1:2016)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
EN ISO 14122-3:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
product
material processed in a food depositor which can be a liquid, e.g. sauce, liquid containing suspended
solids, e.g. batter, paste, e.g. biscuit dough or solids, e.g. cooked rice
3.2
food depositor
machine that dispenses a food product in a predetermined volume or shape
3.3
product cutting device
mechanism that separates portions of food from a bulk supply of product
Note 1 to entry: Typical devices include rotary valves, wire-cut mechanisms, shear blades and iris valves.
3.4
product dispensing device
mechanism that controls the flow of product at the point of product delivery
Note 1 to entry: Typical devices include rotary valves, seating valves and slide valves.
3.5
product measuring chamber
chamber that is filled with product to measure out a predetermined volume of product and that will
typically incorporate a mechanism that allows the volume of the chamber to be varied so that the volume
of product dispensed can be changed
3.6
rise and fall mechanism
mechanism which is used to raise and lower a product dispensing valve to suit a particular container or
dispensing requirement
3.7
D-valve
rotary valve with a rotating element, which has a D-shaped cross-section (see Figure 1), used in a piston
depositor to move product from the hopper to the product measuring chamber and from the product
measuring chamber to the product dispensing valve
3.8
work cycle
single cycle of the measuring chamber of the dispensing valve
3.9
change part
machine part designed to handle a specific product, product volume or to produce a particular product
shape that needs to be changed when the machine is set up to handle a different product, product size or
product shape
4 Safety requirements and/or protective risk reduction measures
4.1 General
Machines in the scope of this document shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk
reduction measures of 4.2 and the relevant machine specific risk reduction measures in Clauses 4.3 to 4.7.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant
but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
4.2 General requirements for food depositors
4.2.1 Introduction
The following requirements apply to all food depositors in the scope of this document where the
equivalent hazard exists.
4.2.2 Requirements to eliminate mechanical hazards
4.2.2.1 Safeguarding of moving parts
4.2.2.1.1 Safety by design
Moving parts can be considered to be safe by design provided the parts are smooth, the force exerted by
the moving parts does not exceed 75 N, the pressure they exert against the part of the body most likely
to be in contact with the mechanism is less than 25 N/cm and their energy is less than 4 J. If the
hazardous movement is automatically reversed within 1 s when resistance is detected, the movement
can be considered as safe provided the force does not exceed 150 N, the pressure does not exceed
50 N/cm and the energy is less than 10 J.
Some crushing hazards from moving parts can also be made safe by design by ensuring sufficient distance
between moving and fixed parts and between one moving part and another part. In such cases, the
dimensions indicated in EN ISO 13854:2019 shall be used.
All mechanical components shall be designed and constructed according to good engineering practices.
Each mechanical component that supports a load shall have a minimum working coefficient of 1,5 with
respect to the load portion that it has to support. Components that require regular maintenance or
replacement to prevent break-up during use shall be described in the instructions for use.
4.2.2.1.2 Fixed and interlocked guards
Moving parts which cannot be made safe by design shall be safeguarded by fixed or interlocked enclosing
guards complying with EN ISO 14120:2015 and dimensioned using EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4,
Table 6 and Table 7. Where distance guards are used they shall be dimensioned and positioned in
accordance with EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 2, but shall be at least 1 600 mm high.
4.2.2.1.3 Openings in guards
Openings in guards shall be positioned or dimensioned to prevent access to hazard zones within the
machine when standing on the floor or access level and reaching into the opening.
The minimum reach distance to the nearest hazard zone through the opening shall comply with
EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4, Table 6 and Table 7.
4.2.2.1.4 Interlocking devices associated with guards
Moveable guards shall be interlocked with devices that comply with EN ISO 14119:2013, 4.2 and 4.3. The
requirements of EN ISO 14119:2013, Clauses 5, 7 and 8, shall be satisfied.
The design of the control system shall ensure that hazardous mechanisms, that can be reached by the
operator shall stop within 1,0 s of an interlocking guard without guard locking being opened. If the
hazardous moving parts directly involved in the process cannot be stopped within 1,0 s, the relevant
interlocking guards shall be equipped with guard locking as defined in EN ISO 14119:2013, 3.4, and
complying with EN ISO 14119:2013, 4.3 and 5.7.
4.2.2.2 Safety requirements for hygienic design features
4.2.2.2.1 Quick release fixings
Where quick release fixings, which can be undone without the use of tools, are used to secure parts of
machines or guards that prevent access to hazard zones, an interlocking device complying with 4.2.2.1.4
shall be fitted which ensures that moving parts which could cause an injury do not move when the fixings
are removed.
4.2.2.2.2 Guarding under machines
Where the distance between the bottom of the machine frame and the floor is 120 mm or less, the
distance to the nearest hazard zone when reaching under the machine shall comply with
EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4 or Table 6.
Where the distance between the bottom of the machine frame and the floor is less than 120 mm, the
safety distance to the nearest hazard zone shall be taken from EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4,
Table 6, and Table 7. Where the distance between the bottom of the machine frame and the floor is
greater than 120 mm, the underside of the machine shall be fitted with guards.
4.2.2.2.3 Spillage trays
Where the removal of spillage trays gives access to hazard zones, the tray shall either be secured with
fixings that can only be undone with tools or if access is required once a day or more often, shall be fitted
with an interlocking device complying with 4.2.2.1.4.
4.2.2.3 High pressure fluids
The machine shall be provided with a means to safely discharge pressurized product from the food
depositor.
All pneumatic systems, components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 4414:2010.
All hydraulic systems, components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 4413:2010.
4.2.3 Requirements to prevent electrical hazards
4.2.3.1 Electrical equipment
4.2.3.1.1 General
The electrical equipment of food depositors shall comply with EN 60204-1:2018 and the following.
4.2.3.1.2 Supply disconnecting device
The machine shall be equipped with a readily identifiable and accessible supply disconnection device.
This device shall be selected from those listed in EN 60204-1:2018, 5.3.2, and comply with
EN 60204-1:2018, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4. At least one such device shall be attached to the machine.
4.2.3.1.3 Protection against electrical shock
Electric shock by direct contact shall be prevented by choosing one of the methods described in
EN 60204-1:2018, 6.2. Electric shock by indirect contact shall be prevented by choosing one of the
methods described in EN 60204-1:2018, 6.3.
4.2.3.1.4 Degree of protection
1)
The protection level for electrical enclosures, as specified by EN 60529:1991 , shall be selected for the
machine and its environment, in accordance with EN 60204-1:2018, 11.3.
4.2.3.2 Electrostatic phenomena
On food depositors where there is a risk of a build-up of static electricity, earth bonding or static
elimination equipment shall be provided to ensure that no hazardous build-ups of static electricity occur.
4.2.4 Requirements to eliminate thermal hazards
The temperature of touchable surfaces of food depositors shall not exceed the burn thresholds specified
in EN ISO 13732-1:2008. If this is technically impossible the risk shall be eliminated with thermal
insulation or fixed guards.
4.2.5 Noise reduction
The main sources of noise on food depositors are drive mechanisms and compressed air exhaust.
Noise reduction of food depositors shall be an integral part of the design process and shall be achieved
particularly by applying measures to control noise at source.
Noise can be reduced or eliminated at source using measures that include the following:
a) drive mechanisms can be fitted with acoustic attenuation materials;
b) mechanisms should be designed so that they do not hit against each other;
c) air exhausts should be fitted with silencers.
Additional design measures can be found in EN ISO 11688-1:2009.
This list is not exhaustive, alternative technical measures for noise reduction with identical or greater
efficiency can be used.
The actual noise emission value of the machine is the one determined according to the noise test code
given in Annex A.
In the absence of surveys of comparative noise emission values, the achieved noise reduction can
...
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