oSIST prEN ISO 3691-1:2022

Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)

2022-04-01 - ISO cancelled ballot.  New DIS text will be provided by committee.

Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Motorkraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge mit Ausnahme von fahrerlosen Flurförderzeugen, Staplern mit veränderlicher Reichweite und Lastentransportfahrzeugen (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)

Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1: Chariots de manutention automoteurs, autres que les chariots sans conducteur, les chariots à portée variable et les chariots transporteurs de charges (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)

Vozila za talni transport - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1. del: Vozila za talni transport z lastnim pogonom, razen vozil brez voznika, vozil s spremenljivim dosegom in tovornih vozičkov (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Jul-2022
• ICS: 53.060 - Industrial trucks
• Technical Committee: DTN - Lift and transport appliances
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 09-Jun-2022
• Due Date: 27-Oct-2022
• Completion Date: 29-Jul-2022
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 3691-1 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015/AC:2016 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015/A1:2020 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks - Amendment 1 (ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015/AC:2016 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Revised: SIST EN ISO 3691-1:2015/A1:2020 - Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks - Amendment 1 (ISO 3691-1:2011/Amd 1:2020)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019

Overview

The oSIST prEN ISO 3691-1:2022 standard, titled Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022), specifies safety requirements and verification guidelines specifically for self-propelled industrial trucks. This standard excludes driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks, and burden-carrier trucks.

Developed by CEN and ISO/TC 110/SC 2, this document aims to promote the safe design, manufacturing, and use of industrial trucks in various commercial and industrial environments. It serves as a critical regulatory framework that manufacturers and operators must consider to ensure compliance with safety regulations and operational reliability.

Key Topics

The standard comprehensively addresses multiple facets of industrial truck safety and verification, including:

• General Safety Requirements
  Covers overall safety expectations under normal climatic and operating conditions, emphasizing electrical/electronical system safety and protection against sharp edges or hazardous components.

• Starting and Movement Controls
  Details safeguards against unauthorized starting, unintended movement, and controls travel speed and overreaching parts beyond the truck’s plan view outline.

• Brake Systems
  Specifies requirements for service brakes, including backup systems during energy supply failure, and addresses pedestrian and stand-on truck brake controls.

• Manual Control Actuators
  Defines standards for travel, braking, steering, and load-handling controls, with special attention to multi-function and automated control functions.

• Power Systems and Accessories
  Includes safety guidelines for exhaust systems, fuel tanks, engine compartment access, and gas-powered trucks.

• Lifting and Tilting Systems
  Covers lift chains, hydraulic systems, load-handling and stacking attachments ensuring operational safety and reliability.

• Operator Positions and Protection
  Sets requirements for operator seat design, access/egress, protection from wheel hazards, crushing, burning, and the use of restraints.

• Stability and Structural Integrity
  Focuses on overall truck stability, special operating conditions, and leveling indicators for rough-terrain models.

• Protective Devices and Visibility
  Includes overhead guards, load backrest extensions, warning devices, battery compartment safety, lighting, and visibility.

• Environmental and Noise Considerations
  Addresses operator cab conditions, noise, vibration, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and transportation safety.

• Verification and Testing
  Establishes protocols for structural tests and functional verifications to confirm compliance with safety requirements.

Applications

This standard is essential for producers, suppliers, and users of self-propelled industrial trucks in sectors such as:

• Warehousing and Logistics
  Ensuring safe truck operation in material handling, loading/unloading, and stacking processes.

• Manufacturing Facilities
  Use of trucks for intraplant transport and assembly line feeding with safety-critical features.

• Construction and Industrial Sites
  For rough-terrain and indoor industrial vehicle applications requiring stringent safety measures.

• Occupational Health and Safety Compliance
  Enabling adherence to national and international regulations by providing recognized benchmarks for industrial truck safety.

• Fleet Management
  Assisting in maintenance, inspection protocols, operator training, and truck modification according to validated safety criteria.

Related Standards

For comprehensive industrial truck safety management, oSIST prEN ISO 3691-1:2022 is often used alongside:

• ISO 3691-2 – Safety requirements for driverless industrial trucks and variable-reach trucks
• ISO 14897 – Stability tests for certain types of industrial trucks
• ISO 3691-3 – Electrical safety requirements for battery-powered industrial trucks
• EN 60529 – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code), relevant to truck electrical components
• ISO/TR 3691 – Guidance on ergonomic safety in industrial trucks

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Keywords: industrial trucks safety, self-propelled industrial trucks, ISO 3691-1, safety requirements, industrial truck verification, operator protection, brake systems, lifting systems, truck stability, industrial vehicle standards, material handling safety, industrial truck regulations.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2022
Vozila za talni transport - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1. del: Vozila za talni
transport z lastnim pogonom, razen vozil brez voznika, vozil s spremenljivim
dosegom in tovornih vozičkov (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)
Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial
trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
(ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)
Flurförderzeuge - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1:
Motorkraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge mit Ausnahme von fahrerlosen Flurförderzeugen,
Staplern mit veränderlicher Reichweite und Lastentransportfahrzeugen (ISO/DIS 3691-
1:2022)
Chariots de manutention - Exigences de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1: Chariots de
manutention automoteurs, autres que les chariots sans conducteur, les chariots à portée
variable et les chariots transporteurs de charges (ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 3691-1
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 3691-1
ISO/TC 110/SC 2 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-06-02 2022-08-25
Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and
verification —
Part 1:
Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless
trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
Chariots de manutention — Exigences de sécurité et vérification —
Partie 1: Chariots de manutention automoteurs, autres que les chariots sans conducteur, les chariots à
portée variable et les chariots transporteurs de charges
ICS: 53.060
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022

ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
Contents  Page
Foreword .v
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 2
3  Terms and definitions . 4
4  Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.1.1 Overall requirements . 6
4.1.2 Normal climatic conditions . 6
4.1.3 Normal operating conditions . 7
4.1.4 Safety requirements for the electrical/electronical system . 7
4.1.5 Edges or angles . 7
4.1.6 Stored energy components. 7
4.2 Starting/moving . 7
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting . 7
4.2.2 Unintended movement . 7
4.2.3 Travel speed . 8
4.2.4 Parts exceeding the plan view outline of the truck . 10
4.3 Brakes . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply to service brake . 10
4.3.3 Stand-on and pedestrian-controlled trucks . 11
4.4 Manual control actuators . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Travel and braking controls . 11
4.4.3 Steering controls . 14
4.4.4 Load-handling controls . 14
4.4.5 Multi-function controls.15
4.4.6 Controls for automated functions . 15
4.4.7 Marking . . 15
4.5 Power systems and accessories . . 16
4.5.1 Exhaust systems . 16
4.5.2 Fuel tank . 16
4.5.3 Access to engine and other compartments . 16
4.5.4 Gas-powered trucks. 16
4.6 Systems for lifting and tilting . 21
4.6.1 Lift chains . 21
4.6.2 Lifting and lowering systems . 22
4.6.3 Lifting and tilting systems. 23
4.6.4 Hydraulic systems . 24
4.6.5 Load-handling and -stacking attachments . 24
4.7 Operator positions . 26
4.7.1 Dimensions .26
4.7.2 Operator access and egress . 27
4.7.3 Platforms .28
4.7.4 Operator's seat .29
4.7.5 Protection from road wheels and objects thrown up by the wheels .30
4.7.6 Protection from burning . 32
4.7.7 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping . 32
4.7.8 Operator restraint . 33
4.7.9 Additional operator positions . 33
4.8 Stability . 33
4.8.1 General . 33
4.8.2 Specific operating conditions .34
iii
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
4.8.3 Levelling indicator for rough-terrain trucks .34
4.9 Protective devices .34
4.9.1 Overhead guard .34
4.9.2 Load backrest extension . 35
4.9.3 Warning device . 35
4.9.4 Wheels with split wheel rims for inflatable tyres . 35
4.9.5 Traction battery compartment .36
4.9.6 Battery-restraint devices . 36
4.9.7 Starter battery requirements . 37
4.9.8 Handling of batteries . 37
4.10 Visibility and lighting . 37
4.10.1 Visibility . 37
4.10.2 Lighting . 37
4.11 Environmental conditions . . 37
4.11.1 Operator's cab . 37
4.11.2 Noise emissions .38
4.11.3 Vibration .38
4.11.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .38
4.11.5 Transport .38
4.12 Devices for towing . 39
5  Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures .39
5.1 General .39
5.2 Structural tests . 39
5.3 Functional verification .40
6  Information for use .40
6.1 General .40
6.2 Instruction handbook.40
6.2.1 Truck .40
6.2.2 Attachment . 41
6.2.3 Operation of truck/attachment . 41
6.2.4 Details for battery-powered trucks . 43
6.2.5 Details for internal-combustion-engine powered trucks . 43
6.2.6 Service and maintenance . 43
6.2.7 Transportation, commissioning and storage .44
6.2.8 Truck modification .44
6.3 Marking .44
6.3.1 Information plates .44
6.3.2 Information plate for trucks operating in special conditions .46
6.3.3 Other information .46
6.3.4 Languages .46
6.3.5 Operator restraint .46
Annex A (normative) Determination of driving direction and rated capacity .47
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards .50
Annex C (informative) Verification recommendations .56
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered .67
Bibliography .71
iv
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110 Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC
2 Safety of powered industrial trucks.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3691-1:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Travel speed and acceleration limit requirements
— Travel control and actuator requirements
— Lifting system requirements
— Additional requirements for compressed natural gas (CNG) trucks
— Additional requirements for compressed natural gas (CNG) trucks
— Requirements for new types of enclosures on stand-on end-controlled trucks
— Additional general guarding requirements; guarding on double-stacking trucks
— Additional operator instructions required for attachments
— Numerous minor changes throughout the standard
A list of all parts in the ISO 3691 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and
verification —
Part 1:
Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless
trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
1  Scope
This part of ISO 3691 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for the following
types of self-propelled industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), as defined in ISO 5053-1:2020:
a) counterbalanced trucks;
b) reach trucks with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage;
c) straddle trucks;
d) pallet-stacking trucks;
e) high-lift platform trucks;
f) trucks with elevating operator position;
g) side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) lateral-stacking trucks (three sides);
i) lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
j) pallet trucks;
k) multidirectional trucks;
l) towing tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 66 750 N;
m) rough-terrain counterbalance trucks;
n) counterbalanced container handlers;
o) industrial trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), or CNG
(compressed natural gas).
For trucks with an elevating operator position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks designed to travel
with an elevated load of more than 1 200 mm, this part of ISO 3691 is intended to be used in conjunction
with ISO 3691-3.
NOTE 1 ISO 3691-3 is not applicable to counterbalanced fork lift trucks or trucks intended for container
handling.
NOTE 2 Some low-level order pickers with an elevating operator's position up to and including 1 200 mm lift
height can be equipped with an additional lifting device to lift the load to a maximum lift height of 1 800 mm.
Basic requirements for attachments are given in the appropriate clauses.
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this part of ISO 3691, fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are
considered to be parts of the industrial truck. Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms
which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck.
This part of ISO 3691 is not applicable to self-propelled variable-reach trucks, driverless trucks or
burden carriers, which are covered in ISO 3691-2, ISO 3691-4 and ISO 3691-6, respectively. This
standard is not applicable to lorry mounted trucks which are covered by ISO 20297-1.
It is not applicable to industrial trucks operating in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer
applications, hazardous environments), where special precautions can be necessary.
Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this part of ISO 3691, are addressed in
EN 16307-1:2020+A1: 202X for trucks to be placed on the market within the European Community (EC)
and European Economic Area (EEA), and and ISO/TS 3691-8:2019 for other regions.
The requirements are defined by the combination of this document and the relevant regional
requirements.
This part of ISO 3691 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as
listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as
intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur
— during construction,
— when handling suspended loads that can swing freely,
— when using trucks on public roads,
— when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres,
— when using trucks in very narrow aisles with clearance of less than 500 mm to the racks,
— arising from a non-ergonomic body attitude when driving sit-on trucks, load trailing,
— due to overload.
2  Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ECE-R 67 -Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
I. Approval of specific equipment of vehicles of category M and N using liquefied petroleum gases in
their propulsion system
II, Approval of vehicles of category M and N fitted with specific equipment for the use of liquefied
petroleum gases in their propulsion system with regard to the installation of such equipment
ECE-R 110Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
I. Specific components of motor vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG) and/or liquefied natural
gas (LNG) in their propulsion system
II, Vehicles with regard to the installation of specific components of an approved type for the use of
compressed natural gas (CNG) and/or liquefied natural gas (LNG) in their propulsion system
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
E N 16307-1:2020 +A 1: 202 X , Industrial trucks. Safety requirements and verification. Supplementary
requirements for self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and
burden-carrier trucks
IEC 60529:2013, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
ISO 2328:2011, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
ISO 3287:1999, Powered industrial trucks — Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space
envelope
ISO 3691-3:2016, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 3: Additional
requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel with
elevated loads
ISO 3691-5:2014/Amd 1:2020, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 5:
Pedestrian-propelled trucks
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 5053-1:2020, Industrial trucks — Vocabulary — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 6055:2004, Industrial trucks — Overhead guards — Specification and testing
ISO 6292:2020, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13284:2003, Fork-lift trucks — Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms — Technical
characteristics and strength requirements
ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
ISO 15870:2000, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 15871:2019, Industrial trucks — Specifications for indicator lights for container handling and grappler
arm operations
ISO 21281:2005, Construction and layout of pedals of self-propelled sit-down rider-controlled industrial
trucks — Rules for the construction and layout of pedals
ISO 22915-1:2016, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 1: General
ISO 22915-2:2018, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 2: Counterbalanced trucks with
mast
ISO 22915-3:2021, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 3: Reach and straddle trucks
ISO 22915-4:2018, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 4: Pallet stackers, double stackers
and order-picking trucks with operator position elevating up to and including 1 200 mm lift height
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
ISO 22915-5, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 5: Single-side-loading trucks
ISO 22915-7:2016, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 7: Bidirectional and multidirectional
trucks
ISO 22915-8:2018, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 8: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with mast tilted forward and load elevated
ISO 22915-9:2014, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 9: Counterbalanced trucks with
mast handling freight containers of 6 m (20 ft) length and longer
ISO 22915-10:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 10: Additional stability test for
trucks operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-13:2012, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 13: Rough-terrain trucks with mast
ISO 22915-15:2013, Industrial trucks – Verification of stability – Part 15: Counterbalanced trucks with
articulated steering
ISO 22915-20:2008, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 20: Additional stability test for
trucks operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
ISO 22915-21:2019, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 21: Order-picking trucks with
operator position elevating above 1 200 mm
ISO 22915-22:2014, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 22: Lateral- and front-stacking
trucks with and without elevating operator position
ISO 24134:2006, Industrial trucks — Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks
ISO 24135-1:2006, Industrial trucks — Specifications and test methods for operator restraint systems —
Part 1: Lap-type seat belts
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053-1:2020, ISO 5053-2:2019
and ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
self-propelled industrial truck
operator (3.7) controlled, wheeled vehicle having at least three wheels with a powered driving
mechanism, except for those running on rails, designed to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier loads
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 5053-1 for a comprehensive terminology.
3.2
pedestrian-controlled truck
truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) walking with the truck by means of, for example, a
tiller
Note 1 to entry: The truck may be equipped with a stand-on option.
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
3.3
rider-controlled truck
truck designed to be controlled by an operator (3.7) sitting on a seat or standing on a platform on the
truck
Note 1 to entry: Stand-on industrial trucks with a seat for the operator are considered as being stand-on trucks.
3.4
low-lift truck
truck having a lift height of 500 mm or less
3.5
operator
designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and
load handling of an industrial truck
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the industrial truck, on foot
accompanying the truck (e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled).
Note 2 to entry: National regulations can apply.
3.6
normal operating position
position in which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling as defined
by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: Additional positions are permitted to be defined by the manufacturer if it is not possible to
control all the functions of the truck from a single position. A rotating seat or stand-up end-control truck with
more than one operating direction is considered as being or having a single operating position.
3.7
lift height
vertical distance between the upper face of the fork blades or the lifting platform and the ground
3.8
lift height for travelling
lifting height up to and including 500 mm providing sufficient ground clearance for travelling
Note 1 to entry: It is identical to the maximum lift height for the stability test for travelling.
3.9
low lift height
maximum lift height up to and including 500 mm, where the vertical centre of gravity of the load does
not exceed 1 100 mm above the ground
3.10
lost load centre
horizontal shift in the standard load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to
a truck
Note 1 to entry: For standard load centre, see Annex A.
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
3.11
actual capacity
maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength
and truck stability, that a truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified load centre
distance and reach, if applicable, in normal operation
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck, including variables such as the
type and lift height of the mast fitted, the actual load centre and any attachments that might be fitted. This actual
capacity defines the load-handling ability of the particular truck, as equipped. Additional actual capacity ratings
with removable attachments can also be established where permitted by the appropriate stability tests or by
calculation verified by empirical data.
3.12
rated capacity
maximum load, expressed in kilograms, established by the manufacturer based on component strength
and truck stability, that the truck can carry, lift and stack to the standard lift height and at the standard
position of the centre of gravity
Note 1 to entry: For centre of gravity, see Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: If the lifting height of the mast is lower than the standard lift height, H, the rated capacity is still
assessed at the standard lift height.
Note 3 to entry: The rated capacity is used to compare the capacity of different manufacturers' trucks and to
provide the break points used in technical standards and statistics. The operating limits for the truck are defined
by its actual capacity.
3.13
low speed
any travel speed below 1,5 km/h for pedestrian-controlled trucks and below 2,5 km/h for all other
types of trucks
3.14
operating pressure
highest pressure at which a system is operated under normal operating conditions. (not including any
momentary surges)
Note 1 to entry: Source ISO 8625-1:2018, 3.23
4  Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overall requirements
The truck shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of clause 4.
In addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but
not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
4.1.2  Normal climatic conditions
For truck operation, the following climatic conditions apply:
— average ambient temperature for continuous duty: +25 °C;
— maximum ambient temperature, short term (up to 1 h): +40 °C;
— lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal indoor conditions: +5 °C;
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
— lowest ambient temperature for trucks intended for use in normal outdoor condi- −20 °C;
tions:
— altitude: up to
2 000 m.
4.1.3  Normal operating conditions
Normal operating conditions are the following and shall be specified in the instruction handbook (see
6.2):
— operating (travelling and load handling) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces
— the surface conditions on which the truck is designed to operate;
— travelling with the horizontal load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane
of the truck or on the centred position of the load handling means by design or powered device;
— travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered
(travel) position.
If the above is not sufficient to allow the conditions for stability of a particular truck type to be specified,
then the operating conditions shall be according to the International Standards referenced for stability
in 4.8.
4.1.4  Safety requirements for the electrical/electronical system
Safety requirements for the electrical/electronic system and for carrying out safety functions by
the truck control systems are subject to regional requirements. See EN 16307-1:2020+A1: 202X and
ISO/TS 3691-8:2019.
4.1.5  Edges or angles
There shall be no sharp edges or angles posing a hazard in the area of the operator in the normal
operating position or in the area of access and egress during normal operation and daily checks.
4.1.6  Stored energy components
Components which store energy and that would cause a risk during removal or disassembly, e.g.
hydraulic accumulator or spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy
before removal or disassembly.
4.2  Starting/moving
4.2.1  Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g. key, code, magnetic card) which prevents starting without
its use.
Such devices for pedestrian-controlled and rider-controlled trucks manufactured by the same
manufacturer shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types. Where devices, e.g. magnetic
cards, are destined for an individual operator, one device may be used on both truck types.
4.2.2  Unintended movement
Trucks with travel controls in neutral position shall not move due to powered drift or creep e.g. by
leakage from standstill on level ground.
ISO/DIS 3691-1:2022(E)
4.2.2.1  Parking brakes
A parking brake complying with 4.3.1 shall be provided.
Failure of the control system of an automatically applied parking brake shall be indicated to the
operator.
For sit-on rider trucks, the parking brake system should be manually operable by hand or foot from the
normal operating position or automatically applied when the operator is not in the normal operating
position. For trucks with only non-automatically applied parking brake(s), a warning (audible and/or
visual) to the operator shall be activated when not in the normal operating position and the parking
brake has not been applied.
4.2.2.2  Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks
Internal-combustion-engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine
being started while the transmission is engaged.
4.2.2.3  Powered travel movement
Powered travel movement of a rider-controlled truck shall be possible only if the operator is in the
normal operating position. For sit-on trucks, powered travel movement interlock activated by a device
that detects the operator in the seated position satisfies this requirement.
Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal operating
position without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring a resetting of the direction control or
reactivation of the speed control. This condition only applies if the truck is not travelling.
4.2.2.4  Manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal
A truck with an automotive-type manual gearbox and manually operated clutch pedal satisfies the
requirements of 4.2.2.2 and 4.2.2.3.
4.2.3 Travel speed
All travel speed requirements shall be evaluated with the truck operating on level ground. The maximum
truck acceleration is defined by the allowable distance of travel from rest in the first 0,5 seconds when
starting travel at full acceleration.
4.2.3.1  Single-speed pedestrian-controlled trucks
Single-speed ped
...