SIST EN 12975-2:2006
(Main)Thermal solar systems and components - Solar collectors - Part 2: Test methods
Thermal solar systems and components - Solar collectors - Part 2: Test methods
This European Standard specifies test methods for validating the durability, reliability and safety requirements for liquid heating collectors as specified in EN 12975-1. This standard also includes three test methods for the thermal performance characterisation for liquid heating collectors.
It is not applicable to those collectors in which the thermal storage unit is an integral part of the collector to such an extent that the collection process cannot be separated from the storage process for the purpose of making measurements of these two processes.
It is basically applicable to tracking concentrating collectors, thermal performance testing as given in 6.3 (quasi dynamic testing) is also applicable to most concentrating collector designs, from stationary non-imaging concentrators as CPCs to high concentrating tracking designs. Parts of the solar radiation measurement should be adjusted in case of a tracking collector and in case a pyrheliometer is used to measure beam radiation.
Collectors that are custom built (built in; e.g. roof integrated collectors that do not compose of factory made modules and are assembled directly on the place of installation) cannot be tested in their actual form for durability, reliability and thermal performance according to this standard. Instead, a module with the same structure as the ready collector may be tested. The module gross area should be at least 2 m2. The test is valid only for larger collectors than the tested module.
Thermische Solaranlangen und ihre Bauteile - Kollektoren - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt Prüfverfahren für den Nachweis der Erfüllung der Anforderungen an Dauerhaftigkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit für Flüssigkeitskollektoren nach EN 12975-1 fest. Diese Norm enthält auch drei Prüfverfahren für die Charakterisierung der Wärmeleistung von Flüssigkeitskollektoren.
Die Norm ist nicht auf Kollektoren anwendbar, bei denen der Wärmespeicher ein integraler Bestandteil des Kollektors ist, so dass bei der Durchführung von Messungen der Prozess im Kollektor vom Prozess der Wärmespeicherung nicht getrennt werden kann.
Die Norm ist nicht grundsätzlich nicht auf nachgeführte konzentrierende Kollektoren anwendbar; die Prüfung der Wärmeleistung nach Abschnitt 6.3 (quasi-dynamische Prüfung) ist jedoch auf die meisten Konstruktionen konzentrierender Kollektoren anwendbar, vom stationären nichtabbildenden Konzentrator als CPC bis zu hoch konzentrierenden nachgeführten Konstruktionen. Teile der solaren Strahlungsmessung müssen im Falle nachgeführter Kollektoren abgestimmt werden. Das Gleiche gilt für den Fall, dass zur Messung direkter Strahlung ein Pyrheliometer verwendet wurde.
Kundenspezifische Kollektoren (z. B. in der Dacheindeckung integrierte Kollektoren, die keine industriell hergestellten Module enthalten und direkt am Einsatzort zusammengebaut werden), können in ihrer ursprünglichen Form in Bezug auf Dauerhaftigkeit, Zuverlässigkeit und Wärmeleistung nicht nach dieser Norm geprüft werden. An ihrer Stelle darf ein Modul geprüft werden, das die gleiche Bauweise aufweist wie der fertig eingebaute Kollektor. Die Bruttofläche des Moduls muss mindestens 2 m2 betragen. Die Prüfung ist nur für Kollektoren gültig die größer sind als das geprüfte Modul.
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Capteurs solaires - Partie 2 : Méthode d'essai
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes d’essai applicables a la validation des exigences de durabilité, de fiabilité et de sécurité relatives aux capteurs a circulation de liquide telles que spécifiées dans le EN 12975-1. La présente norme comprend également trois méthodes d’essai permettant de caractériser les performances thermiques des capteurs a circulation de liquide.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux capteurs dans lesquels le dispositif de stockage thermique fait partie intégrante du capteur dans la mesure ou les opérations de captage et de stockage de l’énergie ne peuvent pas etre séparées en vue d’effectuer des mesures de ces deux procédés.
La présente norme s’applique généralement aux capteurs solaires a concentration asservis, les essais de performances thermiques indiqués en 6.3 (essais quasi-dynamiques) s’appliquent a la plupart des capteurs a concentration, des concentrateurs fixes anydoliques tels que les capteurs CPC aux capteurs suiveurs a forte concentration. Il convient d’ajuster une partie de la mesure du rayonnement solaire dans le cas d’un capteur suiveur et dans le cas d’un pyrhéliometre, une partie de mesure du rayonnement solaire est utilisé pour mesurer le rayonnement des faisceaux.
La durabilité, la fiabilité et les performances thermiques des capteurs fabriqués a façon (par exemple capteurs intégrés a une toiture qui ne sont pas composés de modules fabriqués en usine et qui sont assemblés directement sur le lieu d’installation) ne peuvent pas, dans la forme actuelle de ces capteurs, etre contrôlées conformément a la présente norme. Un module ayant la meme structure que le capteur monté peut etre soumis a essai en ses lieu et place. Il convient que la superficie hors-tout de ces modules soit au moins de 2 m2. L’essai n’est valable que pour des capteurs plus grands que ceux des modeles soumis a essai.
Toplotni sončni sistemi in sestavni deli - Sprejemniki sončne energije - 2. del: Preskusne metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12975-2:2006
01-maj-2006
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12975-2:2002
SIST EN 12975-2:2002/AC:2002
7RSORWQLVRQþQLVLVWHPLLQVHVWDYQLGHOL6SUHMHPQLNLVRQþQHHQHUJLMHGHO
3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Thermal solar systems and components - Solar collectors - Part 2: Test methods
Thermische Solaranlangen und ihre Bauteile - Kollektoren - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Capteurs solaires - Partie 2 :
Méthode d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12975-2:2006
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
SIST EN 12975-2:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12975-2:2006
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SIST EN 12975-2:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12975-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2006
ICS 27.160 Supersedes EN 12975-2:2001
English Version
Thermal solar systems and components - Solar collectors - Part
2: Test methods
Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Thermische Solaranlangen und ihre Bauteile - Kollektoren -
Capteurs solaires - Partie 2 : Méthode d'essai Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 February 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12975-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 12975-2:2006
EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .6
Introduction.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references.8
3 Terms and definitions.8
4 Symbols and units .9
5 Reliability testing of liquid heating collectors .12
5.1 General.12
5.2 Internal pressure tests for absorbers.13
5.2.1 Inorganic absorbers.13
5.2.2 Absorbers made of organic materials (plastics or elastomers) .14
5.3 High-temperature resistance test .16
5.3.1 Objective.16
5.3.2 Apparatus and procedure.16
5.3.3 Test conditions.17
5.3.4 Results.17
5.4 Exposure test.17
5.4.1 Objective.17
5.4.2 Apparatus and procedure.17
5.4.3 Test conditions.18
5.4.4 Results.18
5.5 External thermal shock test .19
5.5.1 Objective.19
5.5.2 Apparatus and procedure.19
5.5.3 Test conditions.19
5.5.4 Results.20
5.6 Internal thermal shock test.20
5.6.1 Objective.20
5.6.2 Apparatus and procedure.20
5.6.3 Test conditions.20
5.6.4 Results.21
5.7 Rain penetration test.21
5.7.1 Objective.21
5.7.2 Apparatus and procedure.21
5.7.3 Test conditions.22
5.7.4 Results.22
5.8 Freeze resistance test.22
5.8.1 Objective.22
5.8.2 Apparatus and procedure.23
5.8.3 Test conditions.23
5.8.4 Results.23
5.9 Mechanical load test.24
5.9.1 Positive pressure test of the collector .24
5.9.2 Negative pressure test of the collector .25
5.10 Impact resistance test (optional) .26
5.10.1 Objective.26
5.10.2 Apparatus and procedure.26
5.10.3 Test conditions.28
5.10.4 Results.28
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EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
5.11 Final inspection.28
5.12 Test report.28
6 Thermal performance testing of liquid heating collectors.28
6.1 Glazed solar collectors under steady state conditions (including pressure drop).28
6.1.1 Collector mounting and location .28
6.1.2 Instrumentation.30
6.1.3 Test installation.35
6.1.4 Outdoor steady-state performance test .39
6.1.5 Steady-state efficiency test using a solar irradiance simulator .43
6.1.6 Determination of the effective thermal capacity and the time constant of a collector .46
6.1.7 Collector incidence angle modifier.48
6.1.8 Determination of the pressure drop across a collector .52
6.2 Unglazed solar collectors under steady state conditions (including pressure drop) .52
6.2.1 Collector mounting and location .52
6.2.2 Instrumentation.53
6.2.3 Test installation.55
6.2.4 Outdoor steady state efficiency test.55
6.2.5 Steady-state efficiency test using a solar irradiance simulator .60
6.2.6 Determination of the effective thermal capacity and the time constant of a collector .61
6.2.7 Incidence angle modifier (optional).62
6.2.8 Determination of the pressure drop across a collector .64
6.3 Glazed and unglazed solar collectors under quasi-dynamic conditions.64
6.3.1 Collector mounting and location .64
6.3.2 Instrumentation.65
6.3.3 Test installation.66
6.3.4 Outdoor efficiency test.67
6.3.5 Determination of the effective thermal capacity.74
6.3.6 Collector incidence angle modifier.75
Annex A (normative) Schematics for durability and reliability tests.76
Annex B (normative) Durability and reliability test report sheets .87
B.1 Record of test sequence and summary of main results .87
B.2 Internal pressure test for inorganic absorbers.88
B.2.1 Technical details of collector.88
B.2.2 Test conditions.88
B.2.3 Test results.88
B.3 Internal pressure test for absorbers made of organic materials.89
B.3.1 Technical details of collector.89
B.3.2 Test conditions.89
B.3.3 Test results.90
B.4 High-temperature resistance test .91
B.4.1 Method used to heat collectors .91
B.4.2 Test conditions.91
B.4.3 Test results.91
B.5 Exposure test.92
B.5.1 Test conditions.92
B.5.2 Test results.92
B.5.3 Climatic conditions for all days during the test.93
B.5.4 Time periods in which irradiance and surrounding air temperature have values greater
than those specified in Table 4.94
B.5.5 Inspection results.95
B.6 External thermal shock test: .96
B.6.1 Test conditions.96
B.6.2 Test results.97
B.7 Internal thermal shock test: .98
B.7.1 Test conditions.98
B.7.2 Test results.99
B.8 Rain penetration test.100
B.8.1 Test conditions.100
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EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
B.8.2 Test results.100
B.9 Freeze resistance test.101
B.9.1 Collector type.101
B.9.2 Test conditions.101
B.9.3 Test results.102
B.10 Mechanical load test.103
B.10.1 Positive pressure test of the collector cover.103
B.10.2 Negative pressure test of fixings between the cover and the collector box .103
B.10.3 Negative pressure test of collector mountings .105
B.11 Impact resistance test using steel balls.106
B.11.1 Test conditions.106
B.11.2 Test procedure.106
B.11.3 Test results.106
B.12 Impact resistance test using ice balls.107
B.12.1 Test conditions.107
B.12.2 Test procedure.107
B.12.3 Test results.107
B.13 Final inspection results .108
Annex C (normative) Stagnation temperature of liquid heating collectors .109
C.1 General.109
C.2 Determination of stagnation temperature .109
Annex D (normative) Performance test report for glazed solar collectors .111
D.1 General.111
D.2 Solar collector description .111
D.3 Test results.113
Annex E (normative) Performance test report for unglazed solar collectors.116
E.1 General.116
E.2 Solar collector description .116
E.3 Test results.118
Annex F (normative) Modelling of the coefficients c to c of the collector model of 6.3. .121
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Annex G (normative) Measurement of effective thermal capacity .123
G.1 Test installation.123
G.2 Indoor test procedure.123
G.2.1 General.123
G.2.2 Measurements.123
G.2.3 Calculation of the effective thermal capacity.123
G.2.4 Determination of effective thermal capacity from experimental data .124
G.3 Outdoor or solar irradiance simulator test procedure .125
Annex H (informative) Comparison of the collector model of 6.1 to the collector model of 6.3.126
Annex I (informative) Properties of water (see DIN V 4757-4:1995-11).127
I.1 Density of water (at 1 bar) in kg/m³.127
I.2 Specific heat capacity of water (at 1 bar) in kJ/(kg K).127
Annex J (informative) Performance test report summary for quasi dynamic test method.128
Annex K (informative) General guidelines for the assessment of uncertainty in solar collector
efficiency testing.130
K.1 Introduction.130
K.2 Measurement uncertainties in solar collector efficiency testing.130
Annex L (informative) Determination of the pressure drop across a collector .134
L.1 General.134
L.2 Test installation.134
L.3 Preconditioning of the collector .134
L.4 Test procedure.134
L.5 Measurements.135
L.6 Pressure drop caused by fittings.135
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EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
L.7 Test conditions.135
L.8 Calculation and presentation of results.135
Bibliography.136
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SIST EN 12975-2:2006
EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 12975-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 312
“Thermal solar systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.
This European Standard supersedes EN 12975-2:2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 12975-2:2006
EN 12975-2:2006 (E)
Introduction
This standard specifies test methods for determining the ability of a liquid heating solar collector to resist the
influence of degrading agents. It defines procedures for testing collectors under well-defined and repeatable
conditions.
This standard also provides test methods and calculation procedures for determining the steady-state and
quasi-dynamic thermal performance of glazed liquid heating solar collectors. It contains methods for
conducting tests outdoors under natural solar irradiance and natural and simulated wind and for conducting
tests indoors under simulated solar irradiance and wind.
This standard also provides methods for determining the thermal performance of unglazed liquid heating solar
collectors. Unglazed collectors are in most cases used for heating swimming pools or other low temperature
consumers. In general the collectors are put together on-site, connecting absorber strips with manifolds. Real
absorber areas are mostly between ten to one hundred square meters. For unglazed absorbers, readily
fabricated modules with a specific size are seldom used. Therefore, during the test, it should be checked that
a realistic flow pattern and flow velocity is used.
This standard also provides test methods and calculation procedures for determining the steady-state as well
as the all-day thermal performance parameters for liquid heating solar collectors, under changing weather
conditions. It contains methods for conducting tests outdoors during whole days and under stationary inlet
temperature conditions and natural solar irradiance and natural and/or simulated wind conditions. Important
effects for the all-day performance of the collector, as the dependence on incident angle, wind speed, diffuse
fraction of solar irradiance, thermal sky radiation and thermal capacity are taken into account. Dependence on
flowrate is not included in this standard.
Some of the advantages of the proposed extension of the present steady-state test methods of all-day testing
are:
− shorter and less expensive outdoor test, suitable for European
...
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