SIST EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2:2003
(Main)ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Wide band audio links; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Wide band audio links; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Editorial upate of ETS 300 454 making changes consequential t the publication of EN 300 454-2.
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Širokopasovne zvokovne povezave – 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP (50 ±
âLURNRSDVRYQH]YRNRYQHSRYH]DYH±GHO 7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQSUHVNXVQH
PHWRGH
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Wide band audio
links; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 454-1 Version 1.1.2
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wide band audio links;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
2 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
Reference
REN/ERM-RP08-0311-1
Keywords
audio, data, radio mic, testing
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2000.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights .6
Foreword .6
Introduction.6
1 Scope.8
2 References.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.9
3.1 Definitions. 9
3.2 Symbols. 9
3.3 Abbreviations. 10
4 Functional characteristics .10
4.1 Wide band audio link descriptions. 10
5 General.11
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes. 11
5.1.1 Choice of model for type testing . 11
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges. 12
5.1.3 Definition of the categories of the alignment range (AR1 and AR2). 12
5.1.4 Choice of frequencies. 12
5.1.5 Testing of single channel equipment of category AR1.12
5.1.6 Testing of single channel equipment of category AR2.12
5.1.7 Testing of two channel equipment of category AR1 .12
5.1.8 Testing of two channel equipment of category AR2 .13
5.1.9 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR1. 13
5.1.10 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR2 where the switching
range is less than the alignment range . 13
5.1.11 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of category AR2 where the switching
range is equal to the alignment range . 14
5.1.12 Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port. 14
5.1.12.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port . 14
5.1.12.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port. 14
5.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Limiting threshold . 14
5.2.3 Controls. 15
5.2.4 Integral antenna . 15
5.2.5 Marking (equipment identification). 15
5.3 Interpretation of the measurement results . 16
6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions .16
6.1 Normal and extreme test conditions. 16
6.2 Test power source . 16
6.3 Normal test conditions . 16
6.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity. 16
6.3.2 Normal test power source voltage . 17
6.3.2.1 Mains voltage. 17
6.3.2.2 Nickel-Cadmium cells. 17
6.3.2.3 Other power sources . 17
6.4 Extreme Test Conditions. 17
6.4.1 Extreme temperatures. 17
6.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures. 17
6.4.2 Extreme test power source voltages . 17
6.4.2.1 Mains voltage. 17
6.4.2.2 Rechargeable battery power sources. 18
6.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 18
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4 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
6.4.2.4 Other power sources . 18
7 General conditions.18
7.1 Normal test modulation. 18
7.2 Artificial antenna. 19
7.3 Test fixture. 20
7.4 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.20
7.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 20
7.6 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter. 20
7.7 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver via a test fixture or a test antenna . 20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .21
8.1 Frequency error. 21
8.1.1 Definition . 21
8.1.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.1.3 Limit. 21
8.2 Carrier power . 21
8.2.1 Definition . 21
8.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment without integral antenna. 22
8.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna. 22
8.2.3.1 Method of measurement under normal test conditions . 22
8.2.3.2 Method of measurement under extreme test conditions. 22
8.2.4 Limit. 23
8.3 Channel bandwidth. 23
8.3.1 Definition . 23
8.3.2 Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) . 23
8.3.3 Limits . 24
8.4 Spurious emissions. 24
8.4.1 Definitions. 24
8.4.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power . 24
8.4.3 Limits . 25
8.4.4 Measuring receiver . 25
8.5 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter. 25
8.5.1 Definitions. 25
8.5.2 Method of measurement . 26
8.5.3 Method of measurement for frequency changing . 27
8.5.4 Limits . 27
9 Receiver .28
9.1 Spurious emissions. 28
9.1.1 Definitions. 28
9.1.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load . 28
9.1.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure . 28
9.1.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power . 29
9.2 Limits. 29
10 Measurement uncertainty.30
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement .31
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.31
A.1.1 Outdoor test site . 31
A.1.1.1 Test support for body worn equipment. 31
A.1.1.2 Standard position. 32
A.1.2 Test antenna . 32
A.1.3 Substitution antenna. 32
A.1.4 Optional additional indoor site. 33
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .34
A.2.1 Measuring distance . 34
A.2.2 Test antenna . 34
A.2.3 Substitution antenna. 34
A.2.4 Artificial antenna. 34
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5 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
A.2.5 Auxiliary cables . 34
A.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber .35
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber. 35
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers. 35
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamber. 36
Annex B (normative): Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) .38
Annex C (informative): Graphic representation of the selection of equipment and
frequencies for testing of single and multi-frequency equipment .39
History.41
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6 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://www.etsi.org/ipr).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part EN covering the Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Wide band audio links, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonised EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains text concerning conformance
testing of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered only as guidance and does not make the
present document mandatory.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides the test method for measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN).
Annex C presents a graphical representation of the equipment and frequencies for the testing of single and multi-
frequency equipment.
National transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2000
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2001
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2001
Introduction
I-ETS 300 422 [1] has been a frame which led to many national prescriptions which differed, sometimes substantially,
between European countries and did not directly refer to wide band audio links. The rapidly increasing use of wireless
microphones with increased power for bridging longer distances (hereafter referred to as wide band audio links) in
several European countries with different specifications, and the way forward to a Europe without borders, makes it
necessary to set up common specifications.
The present document provides the necessary parameters for equipment to obtain common approval throughout Europe.
It should also make it easier for the frequency management authorities to find harmonized frequency allocations which,
together with common technical specifications, will greatly reduce the present problems of multi-national use.
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7 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
In preparing the present document, much attention has been given to assure a low interference probability, while at the
same time allowing a maximum flexibility and service to the end-user. The close relationship between radio
microphones and wide band audio links has led to many identical characteristics. Nevertheless it was found to be better
to create a separate EN due to the higher power and the many extra facilities which were developed during recent years
for this special use. The present document does not include performance characteristics that may be required by the user
or requirements for interfacing equipment.
Type test measurements should be performed in one of the accredited test laboratories, accepted by the various National
regulatory authorities in order to grant type approval, provided the National regulatory requirements are met. This is in
compliance with CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03 [2].
In addition, national administrations may accept a "certificate of conformity" based on a type test report. If equipment
available on the market is required to be checked it should be tested in accordance with the methods of measurement
specified in the present document.
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8 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the minimum performance and the methods of measurement of wide band audio links.
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document applies to modulation systems operating on radio frequencies between 25 MHz and 3 GHz.
Although analogue FM is at present used for the majority of wide band audio links, the present document does not
preclude any other constant carrier modulation technique, e.g. Gaussian Filtered Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) or
Generalized Tamed Frequency Modulation (GTFM), provided that the modulation spectrum lies within the specified
spectral mask.
The present document does not cover wide band audio links employing Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),
frequency hopping and spread spectrum or similar forms of modulation.
The present document does not cover radiated emissions below 25 MHz. Specifications related to Electro-Magnetic
Compatibility (EMC) are contained within ETS 300 445 [3].
The present document has been developed from CEPT Recommendation T/R 20-06 [4].
Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment intended to interface with the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN). This facility may be submitted to regulatory conditions.
The present document may be used by accredited test laboratories for type testing of the equipment. The performance of
the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative for the performance of the corresponding production
models.
The present document also contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes.
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows (see clause 4):
- professional wide band audio links for one-way transmission;
- professional wide band audio links for two-way transmission;
- professional wide band audio links with extra facilities.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
• A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same
number.
[1] ETSI I-ETS 300 422: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Technical characteristics and test
methods for wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range".
[2] CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03: "Procedures for Type Testing and Approval for Radio
Equipment Intended for Non-Public Systems".
[3] ETSI ETS 300 445: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
standard for wireless microphones and similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
[4] CEPT Recommendation T/R 20-06: "Transmitters and Receivers for Low Power Cordless
Microphone Systems".
[5] ITU-R Recommendation BS.559-2: "Objective measurement of radio-frequency protection ratios
in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".
[6] IEC 60244: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters".
[7] ETSI ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of
mobile radio equipment characteristics".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
carrier grid: evenly spaced raster in a given frequency band for the allocation of carrier frequencies. The minimum
distance of two carriers in use is a multiple of the raster dependent on type and usage of the equipment.
channel bandwidth: frequency band of defined width (as a multiple of the carrier grid) including safety margin for
operation on adjacent channels, located symmetrically around a carrier frequency in the carrier grid.
conducted measurements: those measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under
test.
integral antenna: antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an
indispensable part of the equipment.
integral microphone: microphone, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an indispensable fixed part of the
equipment.
limiter threshold: The audio input (output) level at which the transmitter audio limiter action may be said to commence.
It is specified with any accessible variable gain controls set according to the manufacturer's instructions, with a sinusoidal
inputsignalof500 Hz.
occupied bandwidth: that part of the channel bandwidth which is required for the modulated signal. The occupied
bandwidth has to be smaller than the channel bandwidth following standardized limits.
port: port is any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for the connection of cables to
or from that equipment.
radiated measurements: those measurements which involve measurement of a radiated field.
Radio Frequency (RF) port: RF port is any connection point on or within EUT intended for the connection of RF cable.
The RF port will be treated as a 50 Ω connection point unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
wide band audio link: radio microphone of sufficient power to allow wireless (sometimes referred to as link radio
microphone) connection over greater distances mainly for portable use. It may include in one mechanical unit more
transmitting and receiving facilities than only for high quality audio application.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Field strength
Eo Reference field strength, annex A
R Distance, annex A
Ro Reference distance, annex A
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10 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AR1 Alignment Range category 1 (subclause 5.1.3)
AR2 Alignment Range category 2 (subclause 5.1.3)
B declared channel Bandwidth (see table 1)
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
erp effective radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
GMSK Gaussian Filtered Minimum Shift Keying
GTFM Generalized Tamed Frequency Modulation
μPa micro Pascal
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
4 Functional characteristics
4.1 Wide band audio link descriptions
Wide band audio links covered by the present document are privately owned, and operated, communications systems for
high quality reproduction of the audio input and/or related data or control signals. The equipment operates on a
continuous carrier basis and will often be in operation for many hours. A wide band audio link system will at least consist
of one transmitter and the corresponding receiver. The number depends on the application, e.g. live news contributions
from a widespread area of an actual event may make it necessary to use several systems on separate simultaneous
frequencies.
The radio part of the transmitter and receiver are made up exclusively from equipment that has been approved according
to the present document. When radio equipment or parts covered by other standards are included in the wide band audio
link these shall fulfil the specifications of the applicable standards. As an example modular solutions may include, beside
the main wide band transmitter, an additional receiver for narrow band communication and/or a monitor receiver for
foldback signals. At the receiver end of this link, a wide band receiver, coupled with a narrow band transmitter, would be
required.
Other equipment that may be connected to it shall fulfil the standards applicable to that equipment (if any).
Wide band audio links normally use wide band frequency modulation to achieve the necessary audio performance. For
the majority of applications the modulated transmitter signal covers a bandwidth allowing channel spacing of 200 kHz.
This allows for the use of stereo multiplex encoded signals to transmit without the need for two separate wide band
channels.
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11 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
5 General
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for type testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all channels over
whichitisintendedtooperate.
The applicant shall complete the appropriate application form when submitting equipment for type testing.
Table 1: Channel bandwidth designation (channel allocation within 25 kHz carrier grid)
Declared channel bandwidth Designation
50 kHz L
75 kHz M
100 kHz P
150 kHz Q
200 kHz R
The applicant shall state:
- the channel bandwidth(s) within which the equipment is designed to operate chosen from table 1; and
- the audio input limiting threshold (see subclause 5.2.2).
The applicant shall also supply all relevant interface information to allow:
- dc connection;
- RF connection;
- audio connection;
- the limiting threshold for the transmitter; and
- the setting of any input audio - level controls for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz. The
manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other controls necessary to avoid invalidating the measurement.
The applicant should also supply an operating manual for the device(s).
To simplify and harmonize the type testing procedures between the different test laboratories, measurement shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in subclauses 5.1.1 to 5.1.12.2.
For audio links which are intended to use a variety of audio capsules the manufacturer shall supply the test sample with
an audio test fixture to substitute the audio capsule with suitable input and output impedances.
These subclauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all channels.
5.1.1 Choice of model for type testing
The applicant shall provide one or more production model(s) of the equipment, including all antennae which are required
to be covered by the type testing.
If type approval is given on the basis of tests on a preliminary model, the corresponding production models shall be
identical in all respects with the preliminary model tested.
In the case of wide band audio link equipment without a permanent external RF port, (see subclause 5.1.12).
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12 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges
The applicant shall, when submitting equipment for test, state the alignment ranges for the receiver and transmitter.
The alignment range is defined as the frequency range over which the receiver and the transmitter can be programmed
and/or realigned to operate with a single oscillator frequency multiplication, without any physical change of components
other than:
- programmable read only memories supplied by the manufacturer or the manufacturer's nominee;
- crystals;
- frequency setting elements (for the receiver and transmitter).
The applicant shall also state the switching range of the receiver and the transmitter (which may differ).
The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can be operated without
reprogramming or realignment.
5.1.3 Definition of the categories of the alignment range (AR1 and AR2)
The alignment range for the receiver and transmitter, which may be different, falls into one of two categories, (see
annex C):
AR1 this corresponds to a limit of less than or equal to 10 % of the highest frequency of the alignment range,
which is equal to or less than 500 MHz, or less than 5 % where the highest alignment frequency is above
500 MHz; or
AR2 this corresponds to a limit of greater than or equal to 10 % of the highest frequency of the alignment range,
which is equal to or less than 500 MHz, or greater than 5 % where the highest alignment frequency is above
500 MHz.
5.1.4 Choice of frequencies
The frequencies for testing shall be chosen by the applicant, in accordance with subclauses 5.1.5 to 5.1.11.
5.1.5 Testing of single channel equipment of category AR1
Full tests shall be carried out on a channel within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the alignment range on one sample
of the equipment.
5.1.6 Testing of single channel equipment of category AR2
Three samples shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total set of three channels.
Sample one shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the alignment range.
Sample two shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the alignment range.
Sample three shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on all three channels.
5.1.7 Testing of two channel equipment of category AR1
One sample shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on both channels.
The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switching range. The
frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the switching range. In addition the
average of the frequencies of the two channels shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the alignment range.
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13 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
Full tests shall be carried out on both channels.
5.1.8 Testing of two channel equipment of category AR2
Three samples of the equipment shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total of four channels.
The highest frequency of the switching range of one sample shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the
alignment range. The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switching
range and the frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the switching range.
Full tests shall be carried out on both channels.
The frequency of one of the channels of the second sample shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the
alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.
The frequency of one of the channels of the third sample shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the
alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.
5.1.9 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of
category AR1
One sample of the equipment shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three channels. The centre frequency
of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the centre frequency of the alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on a frequency within 100 kHz of the centre, lowest and highest frequencies of the
switching range.
5.1.10 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of
category AR2 where the switching range is less than the alignment
range
Three samples of the equipment shall be tested. Tests shall be carried out on a total of five channels.
The centre frequency of the switching range of one sample shall be within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the
alignment range. The frequency of the upper channel shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switching
range and the frequency of the lower channel shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the switching range.
Full tests shall be carried out on the centre and upper and lower channels.
The frequency of one of the channels of the second sample shall be within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the
alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.
The frequency of one of the channels of the third sample shall be within 100 kHz of the lowest frequency of the
alignment range.
Full tests shall be carried out on this channel.
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14 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
5.1.11 Testing of multichannel equipment (more than two channels) of
category AR2 where the switching range is equal to the alignment
range
One sample shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three channels.
The centre frequency of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the centre frequency of the alignment
range.
Full tests shall be carried out on a frequency within 100 kHz of the centre frequency of the switching range and within
100 kHz of the lowest and also within 100 kHz of the highest frequency of the switching range.
5.1.12 Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port
To facilitate relative measurements, use can be made of a test fixture as described in subclause 7.3 or the equipment can
be supplied with a permanent internal or temporary internal/external RF port.
5.1.12.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port
The way to access a permanent internal RF port shall be stated by the applicant with the aid of a diagram. The fact that
use has been made of the permanent internal RF port shall be recorded in the test report.
5.1.12.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port
The applicant shall submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary 50 Ω RF connector
with the antenna disconnected and the other with the antenna connected. Each equipment shall be used for the
appropriate tests.
The way the temporary RF port is implemented shall be stated by the applicant with the aid of a diagram. The fact that
use has been made of the temporary RF port to facilitate measurements shall be stated in the test report. The addition of a
temporary RF port should not influence the performance of the equipment under test.
5.2 Mechanical and electrical design
5.2.1 General
The equipment submitted by the applicant shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with sound
engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
5.2.2 Limiting threshold
The limiting threshold is defined as the minimum audio input level at which the slope of the audio input/output transfer
curve, with the levels expressed in dB, is greater or equal to 4:1 (see figure 1). For non-linear or companded systems, this
point is determined with a complementary audio decoding module connected to the test demodulator. The measurement
is made at 500 Hz with any user accessible gain controls set according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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15 ETSI EN 300 454-1 V1.1.2 (2000-08)
dB
(Arbitrary reference)
_
+10
Audio output
_
level from
_
complimentary
-10
Slope = 4:1
audio decoding
_
circuits
-20
Slope = 1:1
_
-30
|||
||
- 30 - 20 - 10 0 dB(lim) + 10
Audio input level to transmitter (dB relative to limiting threshold)
Figure 1: Determination of audio input limiting threshold
In the case of a transmitter designed for acoustical input only, with an integral microphone and no limiter, a sound
pressure of 128 dB relative to 20 μPa is
...
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