SIST EN 14908-8:2021
(Main)Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management - Control Network Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line Networks - with internet protocols
Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management - Control Network Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line Networks - with internet protocols
This document specifies a communication protocol for networked control systems. The protocol provides peer-to-peer communication for networked control using web-services. This document describes services in layer 1 and layer 2.
The layer 1 (physical layer) specification describes the MAC sub-layer interface to the physical layer. The layer 2 (data link layer), as described in EN 14908 1, is integrated in UDP/IP communication using IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.
Firmenneutrale Datenkommunikation für die Gebäudeautomation und Gebäudemanagement - Steuerungs-Netzwerk-Protokoll - Teil 8: Breitband Kommunikation mit Internetprotokollen über Powerline-Netzwerke
Dieses Dokument legt ein Kommunikationsprotokoll für vernetzte Steuerungssysteme fest. Das Protokoll stellt Peer-to-Peer-Kommunikation für vernetzte Steuerung unter Anwendung von Webdiensten zur Verfügung. Dieses Dokument beschreibt Dienste in Schicht 1 und Schicht 2.
Die Spezifikation für Schicht 1 (Bitübertragungsschicht) beschreibt die Schnittstelle zwischen der MAC-Unterschicht und der Bitübertragungsschicht. Schicht 2 (Verbindungsschicht) ist, wie in EN 14908 1 beschrieben, in UDP/IP-Kommunikation unter Verwendung von IPv4- und IPv6-Protokollen integriert.
Réseau ouvert de communication de données pour l’automatisation, la régulation et la gestion technique du bâtiment - Protocole de contrôle du réseau - Partie 8 : Communication large bande sur les réseaux CPL via les protocoles Internet
Le présent document spécifie un protocole de communication pour les systèmes de contrôle en réseau. Le protocole établit une communication de poste à poste pour le contrôle en réseau à l’aide de services Web. Le présent document décrit les services afférents aux couches 1 et 2.
Les spécifications de la couche 1 (couche physique) décrivent la sous-couche MAC (Media Access Control), interface avec la couche physique. La couche 2 (couche liaison de données), telle que décrite dans l’EN 14908 1, est intégrée aux communications UDP/IP à l’aide des protocoles IPv4 et IPv6.
Odprta izmenjava podatkov v avtomatizaciji stavb, regulaciji in upravljanju stavb - Protokol regulacijske mreže - 8. del: Širokopasovna komunikacija z uporabo spletnih protokolov po daljnovodnih omrežjih
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14908-8:2021
01-november-2021
Odprta izmenjava podatkov v avtomatizaciji stavb, regulaciji in upravljanju stavb -
Protokol regulacijske mreže - 8. del: Širokopasovna komunikacija z uporabo
spletnih protokolov po daljnovodnih omrežjih
Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management -
Control Network Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line
Networks - with internet protocols
Firmenneutrale Datenkommunikation für die Gebäudeautomation und
Gebäudemanagement - Steuerungs-Netzwerk-Protokoll - Teil 8: Breitband
Kommunikation mit Internetprotokollen über Powerline-Netzwerke
Réseau ouvert de communication de données pour l’automatisation, la régulation et la
gestion technique du bâtiment - Protocole de contrôle du réseau - Partie 8 :
Communication large bande sur les réseaux CPL via les protocoles Internet
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14908-8:2021
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
97.120 Avtomatske krmilne naprave Automatic controls for
za dom household use
SIST EN 14908-8:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.140.01; 97.120; 35.240.67
English Version
Open Data Communication in Building Automation,
Controls and Building Management - Control Network
Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over
Power Line Networks - with internet protocols
Réseau ouvert de communication de données pour Firmenneutrale Datenkommunikation für die
l'automatisation, la régulation et la gestion technique Gebäudeautomation und Gebäudemanagement -
du bâtiment - Protocole de contrôle du réseau - Partie Steuerungs-Netzwerk-Protokoll - Teil 8: Breitband
8 : Communication large bande sur les réseaux CPL via Kommunikation mit Internetprotokollen über
les protocoles Internet Powerline-Netzwerke
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 July 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14908-8:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Abbreviations . 8
5 Physical and Media Access Control Layer . 9
6 Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Pairwise Key . 10
6.3 MAC addressing . 10
6.4 IP addressing . 10
6.4.1 Role of the Basic Service Set Manager . 10
6.4.2 IPv4 multicast address . 10
6.4.3 IPv6 multicast address . 10
6.5 UDP port . 10
6.6 Time to Live (TTL) . 10
6.7 CNP/HD-PLC service frame format . 11
6.7.1 General CNP/HD-PLC service frame format . 11
6.7.2 CNP/HD-PLC data section . 12
6.7.2.1 CNP/HD-PLC data types . 12
6.7.2.2 CNP/HD-PLC LPDU container . 12
6.7.2.2.1 CNP/HD-PLC LPDU container type 1 . 12
6.7.2.2.2 Length info for CNP LPDU . 14
6.7.2.2.3 Originator MAC address . 14
6.7.2.2.4 CRC calculation . 14
6.7.2.2.5 Aggregation . 14
Annex A (informative) Standard Transceiver file . 15
Annex B (normative) Security . 16
Annex C (informative) Congestion control . 17
Bibliography . 18
2
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14908-8:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 247 “Building
Automation, Controls and Building Management”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is part of a series of European Standards for open data transmission in building
automation, control and in building management systems. The content of this document covers the data
communications used for management, automation/control and field functions. This document is based
on the American standards EIA/CEA-709.1-B Control Network Protocol Specification.
This document is part of a series of European Standards under the general title Open Data
Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management — Control Network Protocol,
which comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: Protocol Stack
— Part 2: Twisted Pair Communication
— Part 3: Power Line Channel Specification
— Part 4: IP-Communication
— Part 5: Implementation
— Part 6: Application elements
— Part 7: Communication via internet protocols
— Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line Networks — with internet protocols (this
document)
— Part 9: Wireless Communication in ISM bands
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom
3
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide mechanisms through which various vendors of building
automation, control, and building management systems may exchange information in a standardized
way. It defines communication capabilities.
This document is intended to be used by all involved in design, manufacture, engineering, installation
and commissioning activities.
4
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies a communication protocol for networked control systems. The protocol
provides peer-to-peer communication for networked control using web-services. This document
describes services in layer 1 and layer 2.
The layer 1 (physical layer) specification describes the MAC sub-layer interface to the physical layer.
The layer 2 (data link layer), as described in EN 14908-1, is integrated in UDP/IP communication using
IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14908-1:2014, Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building
Management - Control Network Protocol - Part 1: Protocol Stack
IEEE 1901-2010, IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and
Physical Layer Specifications
ITU-T G.9905, Centralized metric-based source routing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14908-1, IEEE 1901 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
NOTE Additionally, the following subclause introduces the basic terminology employed throughout this
document. Most of it is commonly used and the terms have the same meaning in both the general and the standard
context. However, for some terms, there are subtle differences. For example, in general, bridges do selective
forwarding based on the layer 2 destination address. There are no layer 2 addresses in this standard protocol, so
bridges forward all packets, as long as the domain address in the packet matches a domain of which the bridge is a
member. Routers, in general, perform network address modification so that two protocols with the same
transport layer but different network layers can be connected to form a single logical network. Routers of this
document can perform network address modification, but typically they only examine the network address fields
and selectively forward packets based on the network layer address fields.
3.1
channel
logical link between one or more communication nodes
Note 1 to entry: Usually used interchangeably with a link. However, multiple channels can be multiplexed on a
given link. For example, PL-10 and PL-20 can be used to implement two different channels on the same power
cable.
3.2
CNP/IP
control network protocol with control services defined by EN 14908-1 layers 4 through 7, and transport
services based on the link protocol
5
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SIST EN 14908-8:2021
EN 14908-8:2021 (E)
3.3
CNP/IP-LAN
CNP/IP communication on a native IP link that natively supports IP communication including Ethernet
and Wi-Fi
Note 1 to entry: The CNP/IP-LAN protocol is based on layers 4 to 7 of the EN 14908-1 Control Network Protocol
on top of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Internet Protocol (IP) transport.
3.4
CNP/IP-CNP
CNP/IP communication on a native CNP link including a link hosting a TP/FT-10 channel defined by
EN 14908-2, a PL-20 channel defined by EN 14908-3, and an IP-852 channel defined by EN 14908-4
3.5
CNP/HD-PLC
CNP communication on a HD-PLC link
3.6
configuration
non-volatile information used by the device to customize its operation
Note 1 to entry: There is configuration data for the correct operation of the protocol in each device, and
optionally, for application operation. The network configuration data stored in each device has a checksum
associated with the data. Examples of network configuration data are node addresses, communication media
parameters such as priority settings, etc. Application configuration information is application specific.
3.7
domain
virtual network that is the network unit of management and administration
Note 1 to entry: Group and subnet (see below) addresses are assigned by the administrator responsible for the
domain, and they have meaning only in the context of that domain.
3.8
link
physical layer 1 and 2 connection
3.9
node
abstraction for a physical communicating device that represents the highest degree of address
resolvability on a network
Note 1 to entry: A node is identified (addressed) within a subnet by its (logical) node identifier. A physical node
may belong to more than one subnet; when it does, it is assigned one (logical) node number for each subnet to
which it belongs. A physical node may belong to at most two subnets; these subnets shall be in different domains.
A node may also be iden
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
01-januar-2021
Odprta izmenjava podatkov v avtomatizaciji stavb, regulaciji in upravljanju stavb -
Protokol regulacijske mreže - 8. del: Širokopasovna komunikacija z uporabo
spletnih protokolov po daljnovodnih omrežjih
Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management -
Control Network Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line
Networks - with internet protocols
Firmenneutrale Datenkommunikation für die Gebäudeautomation und
Gebäudemanagement - Steuerungs-Netzwerk-Protokoll - Teil 8: Breitband
Kommunikation mit Internetprotokollen über Powerline-Netzwerke
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14908-8
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
97.120 Avtomatske krmilne naprave Automatic controls for
za dom household use
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14908-8
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2021
ICS 35.240.67; 91.140.01; 97.120
English Version
Open Data Communication in Building Automation,
Controls and Building Management - Control Network
Protocol - Part 8: Communication using Broadband over
Power Line Networks - with internet protocols
Firmenneutrale Datenkommunikation für die
Gebäudeautomation und Gebäudemanagement -
Steuerungs-Netzwerk-Protokoll - Teil 8: Breitband
Kommunikation mit Internetprotokollen über
Powerline-Netzwerke
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 247.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14908-8:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Pairwise Key . 10
6.3 MAC addressing . 10
6.4 IP addressing . 10
6.4.1 Role of the Basic Service Set Manager . 10
6.4.2 IPv4 multicast address . 10
6.4.3 IPv6 multicast address . 10
6.5 UDP port . 10
6.6 Time to Live (TTL) . 10
6.7 CNP/HD-PLC service frame format . 11
6.7.1 General CNP/HD-PLC service frame format . 11
6.7.2 CNP/HD-PLC data section . 12
6.7.2.1 CNP/HD-PLC data types . 12
6.7.2.2 CNP/HD-PLC LPDU container . 12
6.7.2.2.1 CNP/HD-PLC LPDU container type 1 . 12
6.7.2.2.2 Length info for CNP LPDU . 14
6.7.2.2.3 Originator MAC address . 14
6.7.2.2.4 CRC calculation . 14
6.7.2.2.5 Aggregation . 14
Annex A (informative) Standard Transceiver file . 15
Annex B (normative) Security . 16
Annex C (informative) Congestion control . 17
Bibliography . 18
2
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oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 14908-8:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 247
“Building Automation, Controls and Building Management”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document is part of a series of European Standards for open data transmission in building
automation, control and in building management systems. The content of this document covers the data
communications used for management, automation/control and field functions. This document is based
on the American standards EIA/CEA-709.1-B Control Network Protocol Specification.
This document is part of a series of European Standards under the general title Open Data
Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building Management — Control Network Protocol,
which comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: Protocol Stack
— Part 2: Twisted Pair Communication
— Part 3: Power Line Channel Specification
— Part 4: IP-Communication
— Part 5: Implementation
— Part 6: Application elements
— Part 7: Communication via internet protocols
— Part 8: Communication using Broadband over Power Line Networks — with internet protocols (this
document)
— Part 9: Wireless Communication in ISM bands
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide mechanisms through which various vendors of building
automation, control, and building management systems may exchange information in a standardized
way. It defines communication capabilities.
This document is intended to be used by all involved in design, manufacture, engineering, installation
and commissioning activities.
4
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oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies a communication protocol for networked control systems. The protocol
provides peer-to-peer communication for networked control using web-services. This document
describes services in layer 1 and layer 2.
The layer 1 (physical layer) specification describes the MAC sub-layer interface to the physical layer.
The layer 2 (data link layer), as described in EN 14908-1, is integrated in UDP/IP communication using
IPv4 and IPv6 protocols.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14908-1:2014, Open Data Communication in Building Automation, Controls and Building
Management - Control Network Protocol - Part 1: Protocol Stack
IEEE 1901-2010, IEEE Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and
Physical Layer Specifications
ITU-T G.9905, Centralized metric-based source routing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14908-1, IEEE 1901 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
NOTE Additionally, the following subclause introduces the basic terminology employed throughout this
document. Most of it is commonly used and the terms have the same meaning in both the general and the standard
context. However, for some terms, there are subtle differences. For example, in general, bridges do selective
forwarding based on the layer 2 destination address. There are no layer 2 addresses in this standard protocol, so
bridges forward all packets, as long as the domain address in the packet matches a domain of which the bridge is a
member. Routers, in general, perform network address modification so that two protocols with the same
transport layer but different network layers can be connected to form a single logical network. Routers of this
document can perform network address modification, but typically they only examine the network address fields
and selectively forward packets based on the network layer address fields.
3.1
channel
logical link between one or more communication nodes
Note 1 to entry: Usually used interchangeably with a link. However, multiple channels can be multiplexed on a
given link. For example, PL-10 and PL-20 can be used to implement two different channels on the same power
cable.
3.2
CNP/IP
control network protocol with control services defined by EN 14908-1 layers 4 through 7, and transport
services based on the link protocol
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
3.3
CNP/IP-LAN
CNP/IP communication on a native IP link that natively supports IP communication including Ethernet
and Wi-Fi
Note 1 to entry: The CNP/IP-LAN protocol is based on layers 4 to 7 of the EN 14908-1 Control Network Protocol
on top of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Internet Protocol (IP) transport.
3.4
CNP/IP-CNP
CNP/IP communication on a native CNP link including a link hosting a TP/FT-10 channel defined by
EN 14908-2, a PL-20 channel defined by EN 14908-3, and an IP-852 channel defined by EN 14908-4
3.5
CNP/HD-PLC
CNP communication on a HD-PLC link
3.6
configuration
non-volatile information used by the device to customize its operation
Note 1 to entry: There is configuration data for the correct operation of the protocol in each device, and
optionally, for application operation. The network configuration data stored in each device has a checksum
associated with the data. Examples of network configuration data are node addresses, communication media
parameters such as priority settings, etc. Application configuration information is application specific.
3.7
domain
virtual network that is the network unit of management and administration
Note 1 to entry: Group and subnet (see below) addresses are assigned by the administrator responsible for the
domain, and they have meaning only in the context of that domain.
3.8
link
physical layer 1 and 2 connection
3.9
node
abstraction for a physical communicating device that represents the highest degree of address
resolvability on a network
Note 1 to entry: A node is identified (addressed) within a subnet by its (logical) node identifier. A physical node
may belong to more than one subnet; when it does, it is assigned one (logical) node number for each subnet to
which it belongs. A physical node may belong to at most two subnets; these subnets shall be in different domains.
A node may also be identified (absolutely) within a network by its Unique Node ID.
3.10
router
device that forwards data packets to their respective destinations by selectively forwarding from
subnet to subnet
Note 1 to entry: A router always connects two (sets of) subnets; routers may modify network layer address fields.
Routers may be set to one of four modes: repeater mode, bridge mode, learning mode, and configured mode. In
repeater mode, packets are forwarded if they are received with no errors. In bridge mode, packets are forwarded
6
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oSIST prEN 14908-8:2021
prEN 14908-8:2021 (E)
if they are received with no errors and match a domain that the router is a member of. Routers in learning mode
learn the topology by examining packet traffic, while routers that are set to configured mode have the network
topology stored in their memory and make their forwarding decisions solely upon the contents of their configured
tables.
[SOURCE: EN 14908-1:2014, 3.11, modified – text from definition moved to Note 1 to entry.]
3.11
subnet
set of nodes access
...
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